Pumps are used for lifting fluids above their level into some higher
situation, such as from the hold of a ship or from a well. Fig.
1 shows the different parts of a common “lifting pump;” _a a_ is
a cylinder, _b_ a piston rod or “plunge,” _c_ the sucker made of
leather to fit nicely the cylinder, _d_ a valve in the sucker to open
upwards, _e_ a valve fixed to the cylinder, also to open upwards,
_f_ a box with a spout.