CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS.
_January._
January may be called the digging month, as almost the only gardening
operation that can be performed in it is digging, or rather trenching
the ground; and even this cannot be done unless the weather be open
and the ground free from frost. Nothing can be imagined more desolate
than the appearance of the flower-garden in this month. Perhaps the
Christmas rose may be in flower, and a few lingering blossoms may
remain on the Pyrus or Cydonia japonica; but this is generally all,
except a few red berries that the birds may have left on the holly
or the pyracantha. January, however, is an excellent month for the
destruction of snails and insects. The snails will be found in their
winter quarters, sticking to the trunk of some ivy-clad tree, or hidden
beneath the coping of some wall. They are quite in a torpid state and
appear dead, but might soon be revived by bringing them into a warm
room, and sprinkling them with water. Of course, however, if they are
to be destroyed, it should be without rousing them from their stupor.
The eggs of insects should also be sought for and destroyed. Those of
the lackey moth will be found on twigs, fixed firmly round them like
bracelets of small beads. These should be burnt, as they are too hard
to be crushed. The eggs of the vapourer moth will be found on the
outside of the cocoon, looking like a bag of spider’s eggs. A very
small scale-like insect will also sometimes be found on the branches
of the rose-trees, which should be carefully removed. Indeed, as a
precautionary measure, it is well to brush the branches of all the
rose-trees in this month with soft soap and water, to destroy any eggs
that may be adhering to them. Sometimes trees and shrubs are planted in
January if the weather be favourable, but this it very seldom is, as
if not frosty it is generally very wet.
In the kitchen-garden the fruit-trees and shrubs, particularly the
gooseberries, should be carefully examined for eggs of insects; and the
trunk and branches of all suspected trees and shrubs should be brushed
with soft soap and hot water.
_February._
In this month, if the weather be favourable, the gardeners “dress”
their beds; that is, they dig and rake them, manuring them if
necessary. In the flower-garden the Californian annuals that had stood
the winter in some waste part of the garden are now brought forward by
spadefuls, and laid over the beds intended for them. The early bulbs,
such as the snow-drop and the Scotch crocus begin to appear, and here
and there a splendid cloth of gold glitters among them in its rich
yellow and brown. The winter aconite and the beautiful hepaticus are
now in full glory; and in short all nature appears awakening from the
sleep of winter. This is pre-eminently the season for spring planting;
and all the trees and shrubs, and even herbaceous plants that are to be
removed are put into the ground. The garden rose-trees and other hardy
flowering shrubs are pruned, care being taken always to cut them in a
slanting direction, and to a bud. When the rose-bushes have sent up
long untidy shoots, every alternate shoot may be cut down to within a
few inches of the ground. Thus treated, the shoots that are left will
flower, and those that were cut down will send up strong and vigorous
shoots for flowering the succeeding year, when the present flowering
stems may be cut in. The bushes will thus be kept of moderate size, and
of a compact habit of growth, without the flowering being materially
checked. In February the ranunculus roots are planted that are to
flower in the following May, and a hot-bed is made for the tender
annuals. In short, the business of the gardener’s year has commenced.
In the kitchen-garden, if the weather be open, the gooseberries and
currants should be pruned, and also such of the fruit-trees as have
been left for spring pruning. If the winter has been very hard, the
gooseberries and currants are left as long as possible unpruned,
because the birds, when driven to distress for want of food, very
often pick off the buds, and should the number of buds have been
previously diminished by pruning, the hopes of the season for a good
crop of fruit are generally destroyed. Radishes and lettuce should be
sown in February, and spinage; also the first crop of peas and beans.
The strawberry-beds are pruned and dressed, and the raspberry shoots
shortened and cut in.
_March._
This is the sowing month. In the flower-garden the seeds of hardy
annuals are sown in the open border. Turf is laid down where wanted,
and grass-seeds are sown. Rose-trees are sometimes planted in this
month, and the climbing kinds are pruned and trained. The best sorts
for training as pyramids of roses are the Noisette and Boursault
kinds, and some of the hybrid China. The box edgings are taken up
and replanted, and the gravel walks are raked or turned over, and
new gravel added if requisite. This is in fact the first month
that displays the cheerfulness and brilliancy of spring, for the
flower-garden is gay with crocuses, and the bees are buzzing about
them, while the birds are singing on every tree. The weather is often
very fine and warm in March; but there are frequently frosty nights,
during which the tree-peonies and other half-hardy early-flowering
shrubs should be protected by a kind of beehive-like covering, made
sufficiently large to put on and take off without injuring the plants.
In the country, these coverings may be made of platted rushes sewed
together, and the gathering and platting them will afford employment to
poor old women and children in winter. Biennials, such as hollyhocks,
Brompton stocks, &c., are generally transplanted in this month.
In the kitchen-garden the principal crops of all the culinary
vegetables are sown, and potatoe sets are planted. The spring pruning
and planting are also finished. Forest-trees are planted in the parks
and pleasure-grounds, and trees are cut down. In short, in large
places March and April probably form the most laborious period of the
gardener’s year.
_April._
In the first week of this month many gardeners transplant their
biennials, instead of putting them into the ground in March. The
hollyhocks should have a hole dug for each plant two feet deep, at the
bottom of which should be thrown three or four spadefuls of strong
stable manure. Many gardeners also plant their dahlia-roots in this
month, though others delay this operation till May, or even June.
However this may be, the tubers of the dwarf kinds should be planted
at about three feet apart, but the larger sorts should be four feet
or five feet from each other every way. The soil should be in a sandy
loam, not too rich, lest the plants should produce more leaves than
flowers, and not too poor, lest the flowers should be poor also. In
planting the tubers, care should be taken to arrange them in such
a manner that the colours of the flowers they produce shall have a
harmonious effect. In this month the auriculases generally begin to
come into flower in pots, and the polyanthuses and primroses in the
open ground. Tuberoses, the different kinds of gladiolus, the Guernsey
lily, and other shewy autumn-flowering bulbs may be planted towards the
end of April, or the first week in May. A bed should be prepared for
their reception, by digging the ground about a foot deep, and taking
out about half the soil, which is to be replaced by equal parts of
vegetable-mould and well-rotted dung. When this is well dug over and
mixed, drills should be drawn in it, about three or four inches deep
and eighteen inches apart, in which the bulbs (after first taking off
their offsets) are to be placed about nine inches apart. The bulbs
should be made quite firm in the soil, and then covered with mould
an inch or an inch and a half deep. They will not require any water
till a week or ten days after planting, when the roots have begun to
grow, but after that they should be watered regularly. Heartseases for
autumn flowering may be sown this month, or cuttings may be made of
favourite kinds. The heartsease requires a shady situation, and a rich
loamy soil, plentifully supplied with water. The box edgings may be
pruned in this month, but they should never be clipped. A garden-line
should be stretched along the edging, at the proper height, generally
about four inches from the ground, above which the highest point of
the box should not reach; and the box should be cut down to this line,
every shoot being cut in a slanting direction to a bud, and only every
alternate shoot suffered to reach the line. Hardy annuals also may be
sown in this month, if the sowing of them was neglected in March. The
ornamental kinds of Ribes and Berberis will begin to come into flower
with Magnolia conspicua, and the common almond.
In the kitchen-garden, April may be called the grafting month, though
many gardeners begin to perform that operation in March. In the
culinary department, those vegetables that require transplanting,
such as celery, sea-kale, cauliflower, &c., are generally planted out
in April. The peas and beans are hoed up, as are the potatoes; the
asparagus and artichoke beds are dressed; and the onions, turnips,
&c., are thinned. If potatoes for the main crop were not planted in
March, they should be now. The peas should be staked when they are hoed
up; and this is the best season for dividing roots of thyme and other
aromatic herbs.
_May._
In the flower-garden, this is the month for planting out the tender
annuals which have been raised on a hotbed. The seeds of hardy annuals
may still be sown, and also those of biennials for planting out the
following spring. In this month, ornamental perennial plants may be
propagated by slips and cuttings; and if any were made in April for
striking in a hotbed, they may be transplanted. The leaves of the
rose-trees should be examined for a little brown grub, which infests
them at this season, and which should be picked off and destroyed. The
flower-garden will now be in all its splendour. The hyacinths will be
in full bloom, as will also the different kinds of Ribes, Berberis, and
Mahonia, among the shrubs; and several kinds of Magnolia, the Judas
tree, Edwardsia, &c., among the trees. The Pæonia Moutan will likewise
expand its magnificent blossoms; and the spring heartsease will be
coming into flower, as will the Nemophilla insignis, and several of the
other Californian annuals.
In the kitchen-garden, the operations continue nearly the same as the
last month. Peas and beans may be sown for the late crops, and spinach,
&c. This is the proper season for sowing kidney-beans. If the first
crop of peas has not been staked, it should now be done, and the tops
should be taken off the common beans; both may also be hoed up. The
blossoms of the fruit-trees should be examined, and those attacked
by insects should be instantly removed, and the insects they contain
destroyed. All leaves that are found rolled up should be taken off, and
destroyed. In the park and pleasure-grounds, oak-trees are generally
felled in May, because the movement of the sap at this season makes the
bark separate more easily from the wood.
_June._
In the flower-garden, this is the month for piping and layering pinks
and carnations, and for making cuttings of the tenderer kinds of
roses. The hardy roses will be probably much infested with the green
fly, or aphis, which should be destroyed with tobacco-water. Great
care should, however, be taken in using it, or the tobacco-water will
disfigure the plants more than even the aphis itself. Half-a-pound of
the best shag tobacco should be put into a gallon of hot water, and the
decoction suffered to stand till it is quite cold. The infested shoots
should then be dipped in the tobacco-water, and suffered to remain in
it about a minute, and then immediately washed in clean water. Two
persons should perform this operation, one carrying a saucer with the
tobacco-water, and the other a jug of clean water and a saucer, to wash
the shoots immediately.
In the kitchen-garden, there is very little to do, except to sow what
are called succession crops of culinary vegetables, and to continue the
operations of the last month where necessary. June is, indeed, rather
a month of enjoyment in a garden, than one of labour. The fruit-trees,
however, may be pruned or disbudded of their summer shoots; and towards
the end of the month, budding commences.
_July._
The bulbs of hyacinths and tulips are generally taken up in this month,
and put in to a proper place to dry; as are the tubers of ranunculuses
and anemones. The stalks of those herbaceous plants that have done
flowering should be cut down, that they may send up fresh shoots, and
produce a second set of flowers. The dead roses, &c., should be cut
away as soon as they fade, as nothing more completely destroys the
beauty of a flower-garden than a number of dead flowers mingled with
the newly-expanded ones. Cuttings of verbenas, and other greenhouse, or
window plants may be made this month; and those that were made early in
spring, may be planted in the beds to supply the place of the bulbs,
and other plants that have quite done flowering. Roses, pinks, and
carnations are in their greatest splendour in June and July. Roses are
generally budded in this month; though, if the weather be moist, any
time will do from June to September. The essential point is to have the
weather sufficiently moist and warm to stimulate the dormant action of
the bud.
In the kitchen-garden the shallots should be taken up; but in other
respects there is nothing particular to do--except the routine culture
of keeping the garden neat, and sowing the seeds of culinary vegetables
for succession.
_August._
The box edgings are again pruned in this month as they were in spring.
The pinks and carnations having now done flowering, should have the
layers which were made in June cut away if they have rooted; and some
German stocks, and other plants which have been purposely raised in
pots, should be planted amongst the carnations, to prevent the beds
from looking bare of flowers.
The seeds of most of the annual flowers are now ripe, and should be
gathered. The evergreens and other plants in the shrubberies should
be pruned, and their summer shoots cut in, if they have been too
luxuriant. The bulbs of crown imperials, lilies, and all the scaly
kinds, which generally remain several years in the ground without
taking them up, should be planted in this month. They will grow under
the shade of trees, and in any situation not too dry. If too much
exposed to the sun, the flowers will fade almost as soon as they
expand. Scaly bulbs that have been long planted, may also be taken up,
their offsets taken off, and the bulb removed to a new situation; but
no scaly bulb should be kept long out of the ground.
In the kitchen-garden this is the gathering month, as most of the
fruits and vegetables are now ripe.
_September._
The dahlias are now the principal ornament of the flower garden; and
they should be kept neatly tied up, and all the dead flowers removed as
soon as they fade. The autumn flowering bulbs are now in full blossom;
and all the greenhouse and frame plants that were turned out are also
in flower. The beds for hyacinths and other spring bulbs should be dug
over and manured.
In the kitchen-garden, spinach may be sown for use in spring; and the
potatoes and other roots should be taken up. This is considered the
best month for planting strawberries. The wall-fruit will require
protection from birds, wasps, and flies. Some worsted twined backwards
and forwards from projecting nails, is said to be the best protection
from birds; and bottles of sugar and water hung from the twigs will
attract the wasps and flies from the fruit. After the fruit of the
wall-trees is gathered, the borders are usually lightly forked over,
and what is called a top-dressing of fresh compost is spread over them.
_October._
In the flower-garden the tender greenhouse plants should be taken up.
Seeds of the hardy annuals that will stand the winter should be sown,
particularly those of the heartsease, rocket-larkspur, coreopsis,
Eschscholtzia, and all the californian annuals. The best way of
managing these is to choose a portion of hard ground on which a little
light earth, six or eight inches deep, has been laid; in this the
seeds should be sown, and the young plants will be ready to remove by
spadefuls to the beds prepared for them in spring.
This is the best season for planting hyacinths, tulips, crocuses,
and other bulbs and corms, and the different varieties of Anemone
hortensis; taking care when planting the latter to keep the eye of
the tuber uppermost. All the kinds of Pæonies, as well the Pæonia
Moutan as the herbaceous species, should be planted in this month. The
leaves that fall in great abundance in October and November should be
regularly swept up, and carried to a rotting heap, that they may decay,
and make the earth so valuable to florists, which is generally called
vegetable mould.
In the kitchen-garden the remaining fruit should be gathered. Towards
the end of the month some fruit-trees may be planted if their leaves
have dropped; and the autumnal pruning may begin, unless the trees
should be still in a growing state.
_November._
In the beginning of this month the appearance of the flower-garden is
extremely desolate. The dahlias have generally been seriously injured
by the frost, but not quite so much so as to warrant their removal; and
a few lingering flowers of other kinds recal melancholy ideas of what
has been, but is passed. A mild November is indeed the old age of the
floral year; and a sharp frost that kills all the remaining flowers is
felt positively as a relief. The tubers of the dahlias should be taken
up as soon as the frost has changed their flowers. The names should
be attached to the roots by string, or the Chester metallic wire; and
they should be laid on dry boards in a cellar, and covered with sand,
or in some dry place, not too warm, in a green-house. The temperature
at which they should be kept, should be between 35° and 45°. The
autumn-flowering bulbs should be taken up in the same manner, and kept
in dry sand or moss. All the plants that require protection, should be
carefully covered or matted up.
In the kitchen-garden the beds should be cleared of all haulm, &c.,
and dug over and dressed; and the trees which were not before planted
should be put into the ground.
_December._
This month is a perfect blank both for the flower and the fruit garden;
except for collecting soils, making composts, preparing labels for
names or numbers, sticks or stakes for tying up plants, nails and list
for fastening them; and in mild weather, for pruning the larger and
more hardy deciduous trees and shrubs, &c.
INDEX.
A
Acacia seeds, way to make them vegetate, 69
Acarus telarius, or the red spider, 353
Adjutages for fountains, 346
Almond trees, kinds and culture, 236
Aloysia citriodora, culture of, 363
American blight, mode of removing, 220
Anemones, culture of, 296
different kinds of, 295
Annual flowers, culture of, 254
Aphis, or green fly, mode of destroying, 353
season for destroying, 385
Apples, kinds and culture of, 218
Apricots, best kinds and culture, 208
April, operations in, 380
Arboretums, 315
Artichokes, 149
Asparagus beds, 144
different kinds of, 145
insects on, 147
soil for, 145
August, operations in, 387
Auriculas, 262
Australian plants, 372
Ayrshire roses, 326
B
Barberries, 242
Baulk in dug ground, what it is, 16
Beans, kinds and culture of, 167
Bed for bulbs, mode of preparing, 381
Beet, red, 176
Biennial flowers, culture of, 260
time for transplanting, 379
Birds, those which do most injury to gardens, 123
Black earth, cause of its infertility, 25
remedy for, 28
Blenheim, rock work at, 330
Blotches on leaves, cause of, 355
Boiling seeds, 69
Borecole, 162
Box edgings, mode of clipping, 382
to plant, 142
season for planting, 378
summer pruning of, 387
Brocoli, 161
Brussels’ sprouts, 158
Budding knife, 92
Budding, mode of performing, 88
points to be attended to, 92
time for performing on rose-trees, 387
Bulbs, 277
analogy between them and seeds, 48
different kinds of, 49
mode of planting, 47, 49
time for taking up, 386
tunicated, bed for, 50
Burying manure, 17
C
Cabbage tribe, 155
Cacti, cuttings of, 86
Calcareous loam, 33
Calceolarias, culture of, 367
kinds of, 367
Californian annuals, kinds of, 258
treatment of, 376, 390
Camellias, choice, changed to single red, 96
culture of, 354
hardiest kinds of, 357
Canker in apple-trees, cause of, 219, 220
Carnations, cultivation of, 265
Carrots, kinds and culture of, 174
Cauliflower, culture of, 159
Celery, culture of, 184
Chalk, its defects and merits as a soil, 32
Cherries, 210
Chestnuts, 233
Chiccory, 183
Chives, 180
Chrysanthemums, 273
Clay, its nature, and mode of improving, 32
Cleft grafting, 100
Climbing plants, 373
roses, 326
Cold manures, 38
Coleworts, 157
Collar, or collet of a plant, 23
Colurna hazel, 236
Compost for carnations, 266
Constantinople nut, 236
Corms, what they are, and mode of treating, 293
Cranberries, 243
Crocuses, culture of, 293
when they first appear, 376
Cropping, 143
Crops, permanent, 144
temporary, rotation of, 153
Crown grafting, 100
Crown imperial, time for planting, 388
Crown of a plant, 23
Cucumbers, culture of, 189
for pickling, 191
Cutting down plants below the graft, 96
Cuttings, mode of making, 79
principal points to be attended to in making, 87
Currants, 240
season for pruning, 377
D
Dahlias, culture of, 296
different kinds of, 299
mode of budding, 91
modes of training, 298
soil for, 298
tubers of, to keep, 391
when to plant, 380
Dead flowers, to be removed, 386
leaves, use of, 390
December, operations in, 392
Deciduous trees, time for transplanting, 53
Delicate plants, cuttings of, to strike, 83
Derby arboretum, 321
Digging beds, mode of performing, 14
mode of performing by a gardener, 7, 12
by a lady, 9, 12
purposes used for, 13
season for, 13, 374
uses of, 1, 6
Disbudding, 113
season for, 386
Dug ground in shrubberies, to conceal, 319
Dwarf fruit-trees, 201
E
Earthing up, in what cases it may be applied, 23
Earths, the three primitive, 28
Eggs of insects, when to destroy, 375
Elder, 229
Endive, 182
Espaliers, training of, 212
Evenness of surface, necessity of attending to in digging, 16
Evergreen roses, 326
Excrementitious matter, 153
F
February, operations in, 376
Felling trees, season for, 384
Fibrous roots, 51
Fig-trees, 211
Filbert, 234
Fixing by water, 59
Florists’ flowers, 262
Flower garden, 244
Flowers, culture of, 254
Flute grafting, 91
Forking, uses of, 20
Fountains, mode of constructing, 344
French, or Provins roses, 325
Fruit border, construction of, 197
Fruit shrubs, 237
Fruit-trees, mode of planting, 198
Fuchsias, culture of, 365
hardiest kinds, 365
Fumigator, 128
Furrows formed in digging, 16
G
Garden walls, mode of forming, 196
use of, 199
Garlic, mode of growing, 180
Gathering month, 388
Gauntlet for a lady to save her hands, 10
Geraniums, or pelargoniums, cuttings of, 82
kinds of, 357
Gooseberries, 238
season for pruning, 377
Gourds, 192
Grafting clay and grafting wax, 107
Grafting month, 382
Grafting, modes of performing, 97
nature of, 94
points to be attended to in performing, 108
season for, 96
uses of, 109
Grasses, different kinds of, 302
kinds to be avoided in sowing lawns, 311
quantity necessary per acre for sowing a lawn, 307
soil for, 303
suitable for lawns, 304
Grass seeds, time for sowing, 312
Gravel walks, to make, 139
when to renovate, 378
Green fly, 353
mode of destroying, 385
Greenhouse, management of plants in, 353
Grubs on rose-trees, when to look for, 383
Guernsey lily, treatment of, 292
when to plant, 381
H
Heartseases, 270
for autumn flowering, 381
Heath mould, imitation of, 359
nature of, 31
Heaths, culture of, 360
cuttings of, 360
different kinds of, 359
mode of potting, 360
shifting, when necessary, 360
Heat, average degree of, for different kinds of hotbeds, 41
Herbaceous grafting, 101
Hiccories, different kinds of, 233
Hoeing, different kinds of, 21
uses of, 21
Hollyhocks, treatment of, 380
Hoole near Chester, rockwork at, 329, 332
Horse-radish, 152
Hotbeds for tender annuals, when to make, 377
of stable dung, mode of making, 39, 40
of tan or decayed leaves, 41
to make look neat, 42
Hot manures, 38
Hot water for plants, 69
Humboldt’s method of obtaining layers, 78
Hyacinths, culture of, 284
Dutch mode of treating, 289
exhibition of, at Shepherd’s Bush, 283
forming a bed for, 50
growing in glasses, 50
manure for, 291
planting in pots and boxes, 291
propagation of, 290
rotation of, with other bulbs, 292
time for taking up the bulbs, 386
Hybridizing, mode of performing, 366
Hydrangea, culture of, 369
origin of the specific name, 370
I
Implements for digging, 10
Inarching, or grafting by approach, 103
Insects, eggs of, when to search for, 375
larva of, 124
on plants in pots, 353
Ivy, training over the ground, 319
J
January, operations in, 374
Jerusalem artichoke, 173
June, operations in, 385
July, operations in, 386
K
Kale, 162
Kernel fruits, 218
Kidney beans, culture of, 169
time for sowing, 384
Kitchen garden, form and arrangement of, 135
soil for, 136
walks in, 137
L
Lady’s gauntlet, 10
spade, 9
mode of keeping in a proper state for use, 13
Lady’s wheelbarrow, 11
Landscape scenes in pleasure grounds, 316
Lawns, management of, 301
manure for, 311
mowing of, 310
Layers, Chinese, 76
modes of making, 73
time for separating from the parent plant, 387
Laying out a flower garden, 245
pleasure grounds, 313
Laying plants in by the heels, 61
Leaves, dead, use of sweeping up, 390
Leeks, mode of growing, 179
Leguminous tribe, 163
Lemon scented verbena, 363
Lettuces, 181
Light, effect of, on plants, 47
Lime, how changed into chalk, 32
Lime water, 129
Liquid manure, 38
Long litter, what it consists of, 39
M
Marjoram, 188
Manures, different kinds of, 33, 37
mode of preparing for use, 33
modes of applying, 34
suitable to different soils, 35
March, operations in, 378
May, operations in, 383
Medlar, 227
Melons, 191
Mimulus, culture of, 369
different kinds of, 368
Mint, 188
Moss houses, mode of constructing, 337
mosses suitable for, 338
Moss-roses, culture of, 323
Moss, to destroy on lawns, 312
Mowing of lawns, 310
Mulberry, 227
Mushrooms, 193
Mustard and cress, 183
Myrtles, cultivation of, 367
N
Nailing against a wall, 120
Neck of a plant, 23
Nectarines, best kinds and culture, 203
Norbiton Hall, rock work, 331
November, operations in, 391
O
October, operations in, 389
Offsets, plants that produce them, 71, 72
Onguent de Ste. Fiacre, 107
Onions, 178
P
Pæonia Moutan, the tree Pæony, time for planting, 390
Parsnips, 176
Peaches, best kinds, and culture, 203
Pear trees, 220
cause of their not bearing, 221
mode of pruning, 223
Peas, kinds and culture of, 163
time for sowing, 378, 384
Peat-bog or moss, difference between it and a quagmire,
and between it and heath mould, 30
Peat earth, its nature, and how formed, 30
soils, mode of improving, 36
Peccane nut, 232
Pelargoniums, cuttings of, 82
different kinds of, 358
Perennial flowers, mode of propagating, 260
Permanent cropping, 144
Perpetual roses, culture of, 324
Petunias, culture of, 364
kinds of, 363
Pillars of roses, 326
Pinks, 269
Pipings of pinks and carnations, 86
seasons for making, 385
Pits for choice plants, mode of preparing, 19
Plantations, mode of thickening, 324
Planting bulbs and tubers, 48
fruit trees, 198
in pleasure grounds, 314
shrubs too thickly, evils of, 320
Plants that are unfit for transplanting, 55
that will bear earthing up, 22
which can be budded on each other, 93
Plants in pots, management of, 347
soil for, 351
watering of, 348
Pleasure grounds, to lay out, 313
Plums, 209
Pointing, or shallow digging, uses of, 17
Polyanthus, 264
Pomegranates, mode of throwing them into fruit, 230
Potatoes, 171
when to plant, 379
Pot herbs, 186
Pots, double for cuttings, 85
when too large, injurious, 350
Potshreds, what they are, and use of, 351
Potting plants, mode of performing, 351
Primrose, 265
Propagating plants, modes of, 70
Protecting, 201
from frost, 121
Protection, coverings for, mode of making, 379
Pruning, best mode of performing the operation, 111
gooseberries and currants, 377
season for generally, 113
to improve the form of a tree, 114
to produce flowers or fruit, 115
use of generally, 114
scissors, 112
shears, 110
Puddling transplanted trees, 59
Pyramids of roses, 326
kinds for, 378
Q
Quince, best situation for, 226
R
Radishes, 177
when to sow, 378
Rakes, different kinds of, 23
Raking, mode of performing, 24
uses of, 23
Ranunculus, culture of, 294
when to plant, 377
Raspberries, 241
Redleaf, rock work at, 330
Red spider, 353
Removing large trees, 63
Renovating street gardens, 25
Repotting camellias, 356
plants, mode of doing, 351
Rhubarb, kinds of, and culture, 151
Riders, kinds of trees so called, 201
Ridging, uses of, 19
Rock work, different kinds of, 329
mode of constructing, 334
rules respecting, 335
Roots, nature of, 3, 4
slips from, 72
treatment of in transplanting, 53, 58, 60
uses of, 3, 51
Roses, cuttings of, 84
time for making cuttings, 385
culture of, 322, 328
different kinds of, 323
mode of budding, 90
Rose trees, time for pruning, 377
Rotation of crops, 153
Rules for transplanting, 56
Rules to be observed in manuring, 37
Runners, 72
Rustic baskets, 342
S
Sage, 187
Salad plants, 181, 184
Salsify, 176
Sand, use of for cuttings, 81
Sandy soils, mode of improving, 31
Saucers, plants generally better without, 354
when to be kept full of water, 349
Savoury and basil, 189
Savoys, 158
Scaly bulbs, treatment of, 388
Scorzonera, 176
Scotch roses, 325
Sea kale, 147
Seats in a garden, or pleasure ground, 341
Seeds, danger of burying them too deeply, 45
germination of, 2
points to be attended to in sowing, 43
time for gathering, 387
what is necessary to make them vegetate, 46
September, operations in, 388
Shading, use of after transplanting, 53
Shallots, difficulty of growing, 180
time for taking up, 387
Shifting or repotting plants, mode of performing, 351
time for, 352
use of, 350
Shrubs, ornamental, 315
Silex, its nature, 28
Simple digging, mode of performing, 14
Skirret, 176
Slips, 85
Slugs, 131
Snails and slugs, 131
when to search for, 375
Soil fit for plants, 27
different kinds of, 28
for choice plants, how to introduce, 20
for plants in pots, 351
most productive, 31
mode of mixing, 308
weather to be done in, 308
Sorrel, 177
Sowing month, 378
seeds, principal points to be attended to respecting, 43
Spade, kind of, suitable for a lady, 9
Spinach, 177
Spitful, meaning of the term, 7
Spongioles, 4, 52
Spring planting, 377
pruning, 377
Standard fruit trees, 215
Stirring the soil, uses of, 2, 6
Stone fruits, 203
Stools, 75
Strawberries, kinds of, 149
soil for, 150
time for planting, 389
Street gardens, mode of improving, 25
Subsoil, what composed of, 28
Succory, 183
Succulent plants, 370
Suckers, plants that produce them, 71
Summer pruning, 113, 386
Surface soil, nature of, 28
Sweet herbs, 187
William, 269
Syon, rock work at, 331
T
Tap-rooted plants, mode of treating, when transplanted, 55
Tart rhubarb, 151
Tears of the vine, 114
Temporary crops, 153
Tender annuals, 257
time for planting out, 383
Tender roses, 327
Thyme, 187
when to divide the roots, 383
Tobacco water, how to make, and mode of applying, 385
Tomatoes, 192
grafted on potatoes, 103
Training, 118
Transplanting, principal points to be attended to, 51
what plants will bear it, 54
uses of, 57
Trees, ornamental, 315
removing large ones, 62
Trenching too labourious for ladies, 18
Trowel, when useful, 23
Tuberoses, when to plant, 381
Tubers, mode of planting, 47, 49
time for taking up, 386, 391
Tulips, culture of, 281
kinds of, 279
Turf, mode of laying down, 309
when to lay down, 378
Turnips, kinds and culture of, 173
U
Uses of transplanting, 56
V
Van Mons, theory of, as regards pear-trees, 225
Vegetable mould, 37, 390
Verbena, lemon scented, cuttings of, 80
scarlet, layers of, 74
triphylla, 363
Verbenas, culture of, 362
kinds of, 361
time for making cuttings, 387
W
Walks in pleasure grounds, 312
to make, 139
to renovate, 142
Wall fruit trees, 198
kinds of, 202
modes of protecting, 201, 389
Walls, construction of, 195
use of in gardens, 169
Walnut, 231
Water cress, mode of cultivating, 185
Watering plants when the sun shines, effect of, 67
manner of applying to different plants, 64
quantity to be given at different times, 66
time for, 67
use of, 63
use of after transplanting, 54
Water, the best kind of for plants, 68
Weeds, destroying by hoeing, 22
Weeping ash, mode of training, 321
Wheelbarrow for a lady, 11
Whip grafting, 99
Window gardening, 347
Wire frames, 344
Worm casts, bad effects of, 362
Worms, to destroy, on lawns, 312
Y
Yellow rose, culture of, 326
Transcriber's Notes:
Italics are shown thus: _sloping_.
Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.
Perceived typographical errors have been changed.