The economy is based on fishing, tourism, and offshore banking. Only
subsistence farming - corn, cassava, citrus, and beans - exists on the
Caicos Islands, so that most foods, as well as nonfood products, must
be imported.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $80.8 million (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
-1.5% (1992)
National product per capita:
$6,000 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
12% (1992)
Budget:
revenues:
$20.3 million
expenditures:
$44 million, including capital expenditures of $23.9 million (1989
est.)
Exports:
$6.8 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
partners:
US, UK
Imports:
$42.8 million (1992)
commodities:
food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction
materials
partners:
US, UK
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
capacity:
9,050 kW
production:
11.1 million kWh
consumption per capita:
860 kWh (1992)
Industries:
fishing, tourism, offshore financial services
Agriculture:
subsistence farming prevails, based on corn and beans; fishing more
important than farming; not self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
recipient:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $110 million
Currency:
1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
US currency is used
Fiscal year:
calendar year
@Turks and Caicos Islands, Communications
Highways:
total:
121 km (including 24 km tarmac)
paved:
NA
unpaved:
NA
Ports:
Grand Turk, Salt Cay, Providenciales, Cockburn Harbour
Airports:
total:
7
usable:
7
with permanent-surface runways:
4
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
0
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
4
Telecommunications:
fair cable and radio services; 1,446 telephones; broadcast stations -
3 AM, no FM, several TV; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
earth station
@Turks and Caicos Islands, Defense Forces
Note:
defense is the responsibility of the UK
@Tuvalu, Geography
Location:
Oceania, Polynesia, 3,000 km east of Papua New Guinea in the South
Pacific Ocean
Map references:
Oceania, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
26 sq km
land area:
26 sq km
comparative area:
about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
24 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November);
westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Terrain:
very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Natural resources:
fish
Land use:
arable land:
0%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
0%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
100%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable,
all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage
facilities
natural hazards:
severe tropical storms are rare
international agreements:
party to - Climate Change, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution;
signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
@Tuvalu, People
Population:
9,831 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.66% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
25.73 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
9.15 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
27.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
63.03 years
male:
61.57 years
female:
64.08 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.11 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Tuvaluans(s)
adjective:
Tuvaluan
Ethnic divisions:
Polynesian 96%
Religions:
Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%,
Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Languages:
Tuvaluan, English
Literacy:
total population:
NA%
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
Labor force:
NA
by occupation:
NA
@Tuvalu, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Tuvalu
former:
Ellice Islands
Digraph:
TV
Type:
democracy; began debating republic status in 1992; referendum expected
in 1993
Capital:
Funafuti
Administrative divisions:
none
Independence:
1 October 1978 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Constitution:
1 October 1978
Legal system:
NA
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor
General Tomu Malaefono SIONE (since NA 1993)
head of government:
Prime Minister Kamuta LATASI (since 10 December 1993); Deputy Prime
Minister Otinielu TAUSI (since 10 December 1993)
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the
prime minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Parliament (Palamene):
elections last held 25 November 1993 (next to be held by NA 1997);
results - percent of vote NA; seats - (12 total)
Judicial branch:
High Court
Political parties and leaders:
none
Member of:
ACP, AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), ITU,
SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US:
Tuvalu has no mission in the US
US diplomatic representation:
none
Flag:
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant;
the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine
yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
@Tuvalu, Economy
Overview:
Tuvalu consists of a scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor
soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports.
Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities.
The islands are too small and too remote for development of a tourist
industry. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and
coins and worker remittances. Substantial income is received annually
from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ,
and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea.
National product:
GNP - exchange rate conversion - $6.4 million (1990)
National product real growth rate:
4% (1990 est.)
National product per capita:
$700 (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.9% (1989)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$4.3 million
expenditures:
$4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)
Exports:
$165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
commodities:
copra
partners:
Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports:
$4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
commodities:
food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
partners:
Fiji, Australia, NZ
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
capacity:
2,600 kW
production:
3 million kWh
consumption per capita:
330 kWh (1990)
Industries:
fishing, tourism, copra
Agriculture:
coconuts and fish
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $101
million
Currency:
1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4364
(January 1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799
(1990), 1.2618 (1989)
Fiscal year:
NA
@Tuvalu, Communications
Highways:
total:
8 km
unpaved:
gravel 8 km
Ports:
Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 57,067 GRT/102,037 DWT, chemical
tanker 4, oil tanker 2, passenger-cargo 1
Airports:
total:
1
usable:
1
with permanent-surface runways:
0
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
0
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
1
Telecommunications:
broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 300 radiotelephones; 4,000
radios; 108 telephones
@Tuvalu, Defense Forces
Branches:
Police Force
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GNP
@Uganda, Geography
Location:
Eastern Africa, between Kenya and Zaire
Map references:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
236,040 sq km
land area:
199,710 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania
396 km, Zaire 765 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February,
June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain:
mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Natural resources:
copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use:
arable land:
23%
permanent crops:
9%
meadows and pastures:
25%
forest and woodland:
30%
other:
13%
Irrigated land:
90 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing;
soil erosion
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of
the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental
Modification
Note:
landlocked
@Uganda, People
Population:
19,121,934 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.42% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
48.8 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
23.68 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
112.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
37.46 years
male:
37.15 years
female:
37.79 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.77 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Ugandan(s)
adjective:
Ugandan
Ethnic divisions:
Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%,
Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European,
Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%
Religions:
Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Languages:
English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic
languages
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
48%
male:
62%
female:
35%
Labor force:
4.5 million (est.)
by occupation:
agriculture over 80%
note:
50% of population of working age (1983)
@Uganda, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Uganda
conventional short form:
Uganda
Digraph:
UG
Type:
republic
Capital:
Kampala
Administrative divisions:
39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga,
Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa,
Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero,
Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono,
Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sototi, Tororo
Independence:
9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution:
8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision
Legal system:
government plans to restore system based on English common law and
customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986);
Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991)
head of government:
Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral
National Resistance Council:
elections last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January
1995); results - NRM was the only party; seats - (278 total, 210
indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal, High Court
Political parties and leaders:
only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI
note:
Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP),
Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI
continue to exist but are all proscribed from conducting public
political activities
Other political or pressure groups:
Uganda People's Front (UPF); Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori
Movement
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI
chancery:
5909 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone:
(202) 726-7100 through 7102 and 726-0416
FAX:
(202) 726-1727
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnnie CARSON
embassy:
Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address:
P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:
[256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
Flag:
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow,
and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a
red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side
@Uganda, Economy
Overview:
Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils,
regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt.
The economy has been devastated by widespread political instability,
mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962. (GDP remains
below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.)
Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing
over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and
accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government
has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking
currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing
prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The
policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was
running at over 300% in 1987, and boosting production and export
earnings. In 1990-93, the economy has turned in a solid performance
based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure,
improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually
improving domestic security.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $24.1 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
6% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
$1,200 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
41.5% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$365 million
expenditures:
$545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1989
est.)
Exports:
$150 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
commodities:
coffee 97%, cotton, tea
partners:
US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
Imports:
$513 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities:
petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals,
transportation equipment, food
partners:
Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
External debt:
$1.9 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 8% (1992 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
200,000 kW
production:
610 million kWh
consumption per capita:
30 kWh (1991)
Industries:
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Agriculture:
mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor
force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops -
cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef,
goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4
billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist
countries (1970-89), $169 million
Currency:
1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,165.0 (November 1993), 1.133.8
(1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
@Uganda, Communications
Railroads:
1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
Highways:
total:
26,200 km
paved:
1,970 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone 5,849 km; earth, tracks 18,381 km
Inland waterways:
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward;
Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja
and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria
Merchant marine:
3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091
GRT/NA DWT
Airports:
total:
31
usable:
23
with permanent-surface runways:
5
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
3
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
11
Telecommunications:
fair system with microwave and radio communications stations;
broadcast stations - 10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications
ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
@Uganda, Defense Forces
Branches:
National Resistance Army (NRA); includes Air Force and Navy, Local
Defense Units (LDU)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 4,138,087; fit for military service 2,248,232
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $NA, 15% of budget (FY89/90)
@Ukraine, Geography
Location:
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia
Map references:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - European States, Europe,
Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
603,700 sq km
land area:
603,700 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland
428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia
1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
Coastline:
2,782 km
Maritime claims:
NA
International disputes:
potential future border disputes with Moldova and Romania in Northern
Bukovina and southern Odes'ka Oblast'; potential dispute with Moldova
over former southern Bessarabian area; potential dispute with Russia
over Crimea; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has
reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any
other nation
Climate:
temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast;
precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and
north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the
Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater
part of the country, hot in the south
Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux,
mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the
Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite,
titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber
Land use:
arable land:
56%
permanent crops:
2%
meadows and pastures:
12%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
30%
Irrigated land:
26,000 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues:
unsafe drinking water; air and water pollution; deforestation;
radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at
Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur, Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Modification,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but
not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Law of the Sea
Note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second
largest country in Europe
@Ukraine, People
Population:
51,846,958 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.05% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
12.34 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
12.6 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
20.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
69.99 years
male:
65.45 years
female:
74.76 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.82 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Ukrainian(s)
adjective:
Ukrainian
Ethnic divisions:
Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions:
Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev
Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic
(Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
Languages:
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Literacy:
age 9-49 can read and write (1979)
total population:
100%
male:
100%
female:
100%
Labor force:
23.985 million
by occupation:
industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health,
education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and
communication 7%, other 16% (1992)
@Ukraine, Government