Overview:_The 1994 CIA World Factbook

The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by poor

macroeconomic management that has resulted in an average annual

inflation rate of 60%, a growing foreign debt, and a worsening balance

of payments. A deepening political crisis in 1993 has compounded the

government's failure to reign in deficit spending, which prevents it

from reaching an agreement with the IMF and its bilateral creditors on

debt relief. Investment in both oil and non-oil sector industry has

been undermined by corruption and squandered on white elephant

projects that have failed to generate diversification or new

employment.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $95.1 billion (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate:

4.1% (1992)

National product per capita:

$1,000 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

60% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate:

28% (1992 est.)

Budget:

revenues:

$9 billion

expenditures:

$10.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

Exports:

$11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

oil 95%, cocoa, rubber

partners:

US 54%, EC 23%

Imports:

$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992)

commodities:

machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, food and animals

partners:

EC 64%, US 10%, Japan 7%

External debt:

$29.5 billion (1992)

Industrial production:

growth rate 7.7% (1991); accounts for 43% of GDP, including petroleum

Electricity:

capacity:

4,740,000 kW

production:

8.3 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

70 kWh (1991)

Industries:

crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite; primary processing

industries - palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins;

manufacturing industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food

products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics, steel

Agriculture:

accounts for 35% of GDP and half of labor force; inefficient

small-scale farming dominates; once a large net exporter of food and

now an importer; cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food

crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock -

cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources extensively

exploited

Illicit drugs:

passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of

heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe

and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South

America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American

markets

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3

billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion

Currency:

1 naira (N) = 100 kobo

Exchange rates:

naira (N) per US$1 - 21.886 (November 1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909

(1991), 8.038 (1990), 7.3647 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Nigeria, Communications

Railroads:

3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge

Highways:

total:

107,990 km

paved:

mostly bituminous-surface treatment 30,019 km

unpaved:

gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 25,411 km; unimproved earth

52,560 km

Inland waterways:

8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and

creeks

Pipelines:

crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km

Ports:

Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar, Warri, Onne, Sapele

Merchant marine:

33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 432,704 GRT/686,718 DWT, bulk 1,

cargo 18, chemical tanker 3, liquified gas 1, oil tanker 9,

roll-on/roll-off cargo 1

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in

progress; radio relay microwave and cable routes; broadcast stations -

35 AM, 17 FM, 28 TV; satellite earth stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean

INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 20 domestic stations; 1 coaxial

submarine cable

@Nigeria, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 22,468,803; fit for military service 12,840,029; reach

military age (18) annually 986,518 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP (1992)

@Niue

Header

Affiliation:

(free association with New Zealand)

@Niue, Geography

Location:

Oceania, Polynesia, 460 km east of Tonga in the South Pacific Ocean

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

260 sq km

land area:

260 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

64 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Terrain:

steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau

Natural resources:

fish, arable land

Land use:

arable land:

61%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

19%

other:

12%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

natural hazards:

subject to typhoons

international agreements:

signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea

Note:

one of world's largest coral islands

@Niue, People

Population:

1,906 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.66% (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Niuean(s)

adjective:

Niuean

Ethnic divisions:

Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)

Religions:

Ekalesia Nieue (Niuean Church) 75% - a Protestant church closely

related to the London Missionary Society, Morman 10%, other 15%

(mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)

Languages:

Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English

Literacy:

total population:

NA%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

1,000 (1981 est.)

by occupation:

most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government

service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

@Niue, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Niue

Digraph:

Type:

self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; Niue

fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains

responsibility for external affairs

Capital:

Alofi

Administrative divisions:

none

Independence:

19 October 1974 (became a self-governing territory in free association

with New Zealand on 19 October 1974)

National holiday:

Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established

British sovereignty)

Constitution:

19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Legal system:

English common law

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by New Zealand

Representative Kurt MEYER (since NA)

head of government:

Premier Frank F. LUI (since 12 March 1993; Acting Premier since

December 1992)

cabinet:

Cabinet; consists of the premier and three other ministers

Legislative branch:

unicameral

Legislative Assembly:

elections last held on 6 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1996); results

- percent of vote NA; seats - (20 total, 6 elected)

Judicial branch:

Appeal Court of New Zealand, High Court

Political parties and leaders:

Niue Island Party (NIP), Young VIVIAN

Member of:

ESCAP (associate), INTELSAT (signatory user), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF

Diplomatic representation in US:

none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)

US diplomatic representation:

none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)

Flag:

yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the

flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a

blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red

cross

@Niue, Economy

Overview:

The economy is heavily dependent on aid from New Zealand. Government

expenditures regularly exceed revenues, with the shortfall made up by

grants from New Zealand - the grants are used to pay wages to public

employees. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence

gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry

consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime

oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign

collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent

years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration

of Niueans to New Zealand.

National product:

GNP - exchange rate conversion - $2.1 million (1989 est.)

National product real growth rate:

NA%

National product per capita:

$1,000 (1989 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

9.6% (1984)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues:

$5.5 million

expenditures:

$6.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.)

Exports:

$175,274 (f.o.b., 1985)

commodities:

canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw,

root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts

partners:

NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia

Imports:

$3.8 million (c.i.f., 1985)

commodities:

food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants,

chemicals, drugs

partners:

NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Western Samoa, Australia, US

External debt:

$NA

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

capacity:

1,500 kW

production:

3 million kWh

consumption per capita:

1,490 kWh (1990)

Industries:

tourist, handicrafts, coconut products

Agriculture:

coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes; subsistence crops - taro, yams,

cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle

Economic aid:

recipient:

Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments

(1970-89), $62 million

Currency:

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.7771 (January 1994), 1.8495

(1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

@Niue, Communications

Highways:

total:

229 km

unpaved:

all-weather 123 km; plantation access 106 km

Ports:

none; offshore anchorage only

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

single-line telephone system connects all villages on island; 383

telephones; 1,000 radio receivers (1987 est.); broadcast stations - 1

AM, 1 FM, no TV

@Niue, Defense Forces

Branches:

Police Force

Note:

defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

@Norfolk Island

Header

Affiliation:

(territory of Australia)

@Norfolk Island, Geography

Location:

Southwestern Oceania, 1,575 km east of Australia in the South Pacific

Ocean

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

34.6 sq km

land area:

34.6 sq km

comparative area:

about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

32 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

3 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain:

volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains

Natural resources:

fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

25%

forest and woodland:

other:

75%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

natural hazards:

subject to typhoons (especially May to July)

international agreements:

@Norfolk Island, People

Population:

2,710 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.7% (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Norfolk Islander(s)

adjective:

Norfolk Islander(s)

Ethnic divisions:

descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander

Religions:

Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%,

Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4%

(1986)

Languages:

English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and

ancient Tahitian

Literacy:

total population:

NA%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

@Norfolk Island, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Territory of Norfolk Island

conventional short form:

Norfolk Island

Digraph:

Type:

territory of Australia

Capital:

Kingston (administrative center); Burnt Pine (commercial center)

Administrative divisions:

none (territory of Australia)

Independence:

none (territory of Australia)

National holiday:

Pitcairners Arrival Day Anniversary, 8 June (1856)

Constitution:

Norfolk Island Act of 1979

Legal system:

wide legislative and executive responsibility under the Norfolk Island

Act of 1979; Supreme Court

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by

Administrator A. G. KERR (since NA April 1992), who is appointed by

the Governor General of Australia

head of government:

Assembly President David Ernest BUFFETT (since NA May 1992)

cabinet:

Executive Council

Legislative branch:

unicameral

Legislative Assembly:

elections last held 1989 (held every three years); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total) percent of seats by party NA

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders:

Member of:

none

Diplomatic representation in US:

none (territory of Australia)

US diplomatic representation:

none (territory of Australia)

Flag:

three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a

large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider

white band

@Norfolk Island, Economy

Overview:

The primary economic activity is tourism, which has brought a level of

prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific Islands. The

number of visitors has increased steadily over the years and reached

29,000 in FY89. Revenues from tourism have given the island a

favorable balance of trade and helped the agricultural sector to

become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.

National product:

GDP $NA

National product real growth rate:

NA%

National product per capita:

$NA

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

NA%

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues:

$NA

expenditures:

$4.2 million, including capital expenditures of $400,000 (1989 est.)

Exports:

$1.7 million (f.o.b., FY86)

commodities:

postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm,

small quantities of avocados

partners:

Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe

Imports:

$15.6 million (c.i.f., FY86)

commodities:

partners:

Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe

External debt:

$NA

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

capacity:

7,000 kW

production:

8 million kWh

consumption per capita:

3,160 kWh (1990)

Industries:

tourism

Agriculture:

Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables,

fruit, cattle, poultry

Economic aid:

none

Currency:

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4364 (January 1994), 1.4704

(1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989)

Fiscal year:

1 July - 30 June

@Norfolk Island, Communications

Highways:

total:

80 km

paved:

53 km

unpaved:

earth, coral 27 km

Ports:

none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

1,500 radio receivers (1982); radio link service with Sydney; 987

telephones (1983); broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV

@Norfolk Island, Defense Forces

Note:

defense is the responsibility of Australia

@Northern Mariana Islands

Header

Affiliation:

(commonwealth in political union with the US)

@Northern Mariana Islands, Geography

Location:

Oceania, Micronesia, in the North Pacific Ocean, 5,635 km

west-southwest of Honolulu, about three-quarters of the way between

Hawaii and the Philippines

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

477 sq km

land area:

477 sq km

comparative area:

slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

note:

includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

1,482 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal

temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July

to October

Terrain:

southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral

reefs; northern islands are volcanic; highest elevation is 471 meters

(Mt. Okso' Takpochao on Saipan)

Natural resources:

arable land, fish

Land use:

arable land:

5% on Saipan

permanent crops:

NA%

meadows and pastures:

19%

forest and woodland:

NA%

other:

NA%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

contamination of groundwater on Saipan by raw sewage contributes to

disease

natural hazards:

active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; subject to typhoons (especially

August to November)

international agreements:

Note:

strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean

@Northern Mariana Islands, People

Population:

49,799 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.04% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

35.05 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

4.61 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

37.96 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

67.43 years

male:

65.53 years

female:

69.48 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.69 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

adjective:

Ethnic divisions:

Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese,

Chinese, Korean

Religions:

Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and

taboos may still be found)

Languages:

English, Chamorro, Carolinian

note:

86% of population speaks a language other than English at home

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1980)

total population:

97%

male:

97%

female:

96%

Labor force:

7,476 total indigenous labor force, 2,699 unemployed; 21,188 foreign

workers (1990)

by occupation:

@Northern Mariana Islands, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

conventional short form:

Northern Mariana Islands

Digraph:

Type:

commonwealth in political union with the US; self-governing with

locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature;

federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of

the Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs

Capital:

Saipan

Administrative divisions:

none

Independence:

none (commonwealth in political union with the US)

National holiday:

Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)

Constitution:

Covenant Agreement effective 3 November 1986 and the Constitution of

the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Legal system:

based on US system except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and

taxation

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but

do not vote in US presidential elections

Executive branch:

chief of state:

President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice

President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)

head of government:

Governor Lorenzo I. DeLeon GUERRERO (since 9 January 1990); Lieutenant

Governor Benjamin T. MANGLONA (since 9 January 1990); election last

held in NA November 1989 (next to be held NA November 1993); results -

Lorenzo I. DeLeon GUERRERO, Republican Party, was elected governor

Legislative branch:

bicameral Legislature

Senate:

elections last held NA November 1991 (next to be held NA November

1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total)

Republicans 6, Democrats 3

House of Representatives:

elections last held NA November 1991 (next to be held NA November

1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total)

Republicans 10, Democrats 6, Independent 2

US House of Representatives:

the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in Congress;

instead, it has an elected official "resident representative" located

in Washington, DC; seats - (1 total) Republican (Juan N. BABAUTA)

Judicial branch:

Commonwealth Supreme Court, Superior Court, Federal District Court

Political parties and leaders:

Republican Party, Governor Lorenzo GUERRERO; Democratic Party, Carlos

SHODA, chairman

Member of:

ESCAP (associate), SPC

Flag:

blue with a white five-pointed star superimposed on the gray

silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in

building) in the center

@Northern Mariana Islands, Economy

Overview:

The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the

US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government

revenues have grown. An agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitled

the islands to $228 million for capital development, government

operations, and special programs. A rapidly growing major source of

income is the tourist industry, which now employs about 50% of the

work force. Japanese tourists predominate. The agricultural sector is

made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts,

breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Industry is small scale, mostly

handicrafts and light manufacturing.

National product:

GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $541 million (1992)

note:

GNP numbers reflect US spending

National product real growth rate:

NA%

National product per capita:

$11,500 (1992)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

6.5-7.5% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues:

$147 million

expenditures:

$127.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Exports:

$263.4 million (f.o.b. 1991 est.)

commodities:

manufactured goods, garments, bread, pastries, concrete blocks, light

iron work

partners:

Imports:

$392.4 million (c.i.f. 1991 est.)

commodities:

food, construction, equipment, materials

partners:

External debt:

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

capacity:

25,000 kW

production:

35 million kWh

consumption per capita:

740 kWh (1990)

Industries:

tourism, construction, light industry, handicrafts

Agriculture:

coconuts, fruits, cattle, vegetables

Economic aid:

none

Currency:

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

US currency is used

Fiscal year:

1 October - 30 September

@Northern Mariana Islands, Communications

Railroads:

none

Highways:

total:

381.5 km

paved:

unpaved:

undifferentiated:

primary 134.5 km; secondary 55 km; local 192 km (1991)

Inland waterways:

none

Ports:

Saipan, Tinian

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM (1984), 1 TV, 2 cable TV stations; 2

Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

@Northern Mariana Islands, Defense Forces

Note:

defense is the responsibility of the US

@Norway, Geography

Location:

Nordic State, Northern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean,

west of Sweden

Map references:

Arctic Region, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

324,220 sq km

land area:

307,860 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than New Mexico

Land boundaries:

total 2,515 km, Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km

Coastline:

21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long

fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km)

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

10 nm

continental shelf:

to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

4 nm

International disputes:

territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land); dispute between

Denmark and Norway over maritime boundary in Arctic Ocean between

Greenland and Jan Mayen has been settled by the International Court of

Justice; maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents

Sea

Climate:

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder

interior; rainy year-round on west coast

Terrain:

glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile

valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords;

arctic tundra in north

Natural resources:

petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead,

fish, timber, hydropower

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

27%

other:

70%

Irrigated land:

950 sq km (1989)

Environment:

current issues:

water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting

lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions

natural hazards:

international agreements:

party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

Pollution-Sulphur, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,

Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands, Whaling;

signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea

Note:

about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented

coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in

North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world;

Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with Russia

@Norway, People