Names:_The 1994 CIA World Factbook

conventional long form:

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

conventional short form:

Jordan

local long form:

Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah

local short form:

Al Urdun

former:

Transjordan

Digraph:

Type:

constitutional monarchy

Capital:

Amman

Administrative divisions:

8 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Balqa', Al Karak,

Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Ma'an

Independence:

25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British

administration)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 25 May (1946)

Constitution:

8 January 1952

Legal system:

based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative

acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted

compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

20 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

King HUSSEIN Bin Talal Al Hashimi (since 11 August 1952)

head of government:

Prime Minister Abd al-Salam al-MAJALI (since May 1993)

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the monarch

Legislative branch:

bicameral National Assembly (Majlis al-'Umma)

House of Notables (Majlis al-A'ayan):

consists of a 40-member body appointed by the king from designated

categories of public figures

House of Representatives:

elections last held 8 November 1993 (next to be held NA November

1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (80 total)

Muslim Brotherhood (fundamentalist) 16, Independent Islamic bloc

(generally traditionalist) 6, Radical leftist 3, pro-government 55

note:

the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the

King several times since 1974 and in November 1989 the first

parliamentary elections in 22 years were held

Judicial branch:

Court of Cassation

Political parties and leaders:

NA; note - political parties were legalized in December 1992

Member of:

ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,

ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,

IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OIC, PCA,

UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UNRWA, UNPROFOR, UNTAC,

UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Fayiz A. TARAWNAH

chancery:

3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 966-2664

FAX:

(202) 966-3110

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Wesley EGAN, Jr.

embassy:

Jabel Amman, Amman

mailing address:

P. O. Box 354, Amman, or APO AE 09892-0200

telephone:

[962] (6) 820-101

Flag:

three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green with a

red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a small white

seven-pointed star; the seven points on the star represent the seven

fundamental laws of the Koran

@Jordan, Economy

Overview:

Jordan benefited from increased Arab aid during the oil boom of the

late 1970s and early 1980s, when its annual real GNP growth averaged

more than 10%. In the remainder of the 1980s, however, reductions in

both Arab aid and worker remittances slowed real economic growth to an

average of roughly 2% per year. Imports - mainly oil, capital goods,

consumer durables, and food - outstripped exports, with the difference

covered by aid, remittances, and borrowing. In mid-1989, the Jordanian

Government began debt-rescheduling negotiations and agreed to

implement an IMF-supported program designed to gradually reduce the

budget deficit and implement badly needed structural reforms. The

Persian Gulf crisis that began in August 1990, however, aggravated

Jordan's already serious economic problems, forcing the government to

shelve the IMF program, stop most debt payments, and suspend

rescheduling negotiations. Aid from Gulf Arab states, worker

remittances and trade contracted, and refugees flooded the country,

producing serious balance-of-payments problems, stunting GDP growth,

and straining government resources. The economy rebounded in 1992,

largely due to the influx of capital repatriated by workers returning

from the Gulf, but the recovery has been losing steam since mid-1993.

The government is implementing the reform program adopted in 1992 and

continues to secure rescheduling of its heavy foreign debt.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $11.5 billion (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate:

5% (1993 est.)

National product per capita:

$3,000 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

5% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate:

20% (1993 est.)

Budget:

revenues:

$1.7 billion

expenditures:

$1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $420 million (1993)

Exports:

$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)

commodities:

phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural products, manufactures

partners:

India, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, EC, Indonesia, UAE

Imports:

$3.2 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)

commodities:

crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live animals,

manufactured goods

partners:

EC, US, Iraq, Japan, Turkey

External debt:

$6.8 billion (December 1993 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 3% (1993 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP

Electricity:

capacity:

1,030,000 kW

production:

3.814 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

1,070 kWh (1992)

Industries:

phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light

manufacturing

Agriculture:

accounts for about 10% of GDP; principal products are wheat, barley,

citrus fruit, tomatoes, melons, olives; livestock - sheep, goats,

poultry; large net importer of food

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7 billion; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5

billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $9.5 billion; Communist

countries (1970-89), $44 million

Currency:

1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Exchange rates:

Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.7019 (February 1994), 0.6928

(1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Jordan, Communications

Railroads:

789 km 1.050-meter gauge, single track

Highways:

total:

7,500 km

paved:

asphalt 5,500 km

unpaved:

gravel, crushed stone 2,000 km

Pipelines:

crude oil 209 km

Ports:

Al 'Aqabah

Merchant marine:

3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,566 GRT/129,351 DWT, bulk 1,

cargo 1, oil tanker 1

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

adequate telephone system of microwave, cable, and radio links; 81,500

telephones; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 7 FM, 8 TV; satellite earth

stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1

ARABSAT, 1 domestic TV receive-only; coaxial cable and microwave to

Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; microwave link to Lebanon is inactive;

participant in MEDARABTEL, a microwave radio relay network linking

Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco

@Jordan, Defense Forces

Branches:

Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) includes Royal Jordanian Land Force,

Royal Jordanian Air Force, Royal Naval Force; Ministry of the

Interior's Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime or

crisis situations)

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 966,420; fit for military service 685,112; reach

military age (18) annually 42,776 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $435 million, 7.9% of GDP (1993)

@Juan de Nova Island

Header

Affiliation:

(possession of France)

@Juan de Nova Island, Geography

Location:

Southern Africa, in the central Mozambique Channel about one-third of

the way between Madagascar and Mozambique

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total area:

4.4 sq km

land area:

4.4 sq km

comparative area:

about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

24.1 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

12 nm

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

claimed by Madagascar

Climate:

tropical

Terrain:

Natural resources:

guano deposits and other fertilizers

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

90%

other:

10%

Irrigated land:

0 sq km

Environment:

current issues:

natural hazards:

subject to periodic cyclones

international agreements:

Note:

wildlife sanctuary

@Juan de Nova Island, People

Population:

uninhabited

@Juan de Nova Island, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Juan de Nova Island

local long form:

none

local short form:

Ile Juan de Nova

Digraph:

Type:

French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic,

resident in Reunion

Capital:

none; administered by France from Reunion

Independence:

none (possession of France)

@Juan de Nova Island, Economy

Overview:

no economic activity

@Juan de Nova Island, Communications

Railroads:

short line going to a jetty

Ports:

none; offshore anchorage only

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,439-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

@Juan de Nova Island, Defense Forces

Note:

defense is the responsibility of France

@Kazakhstan, Geography

Location:

Central Asia, between Russia and Uzbekistan, bordering on the Caspian

Sea and the Aral Sea

Map references:

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States,

Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

2,717,300 sq km

land area:

2,669,800 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than four times the size of Texas

Land boundaries:

total 12,012 km, China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km,

Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Coastline:

0 km

note:

Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea (1,894

km)

Maritime claims:

landlocked, but borders with Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan in

the Caspian Sea are under negotiation at present

International disputes:

Russia may dispute current de facto maritime border to midpoint of

Caspian Sea from shore

Climate:

continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid

Terrain:

extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in

western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia

Natural resources:

major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore,

nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium

Land use:

arable land:

15%

permanent crops:

NEGL %

meadows and pastures:

57%

forest and woodland:

other:

24%

Irrigated land:

23,080 sq km (1990)

Environment:

current issues:

radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense

industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose

health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in

some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral

Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving

behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these

substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust

storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of

agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigation

practices

natural hazards:

international agreements:

signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

Note:

landlocked

@Kazakhstan, People

Population:

17,267,554 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.64% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

19.4 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

7.93 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

-5.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

40.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

68.04 years

male:

63.39 years

female:

72.93 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.44 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Kazakhstani(s)

adjective:

Kazakhstani

Ethnic divisions:

Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%, German 4.7%, Uzbek

2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% (1991 official data)

Religions:

Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%

Languages:

Kazakh (Qazaqz) official language spoken by over 40% of population,

Russian (language of interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirds

of population and used in everyday business

Literacy:

age 9-49 can read and write (1970)

total population:

100%

male:

100%

female:

100%

Labor force:

7.356 million

by occupation:

industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43%

(1992)

@Kazakhstan, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Kazakhstan

conventional short form:

Kazakhstan

local long form:

Kazakhstan Respublikasy

local short form:

none

former:

Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Digraph:

Type:

republic

Capital:

Almaty

Administrative divisions:

19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 city (qalalar, singular - qala)*;

Almaty*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy,

Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy,

Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay

Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys

Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik

Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy,

Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy

note:

names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from

oblys name

Independence:

16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 16 December (1991)

Constitution:

adopted 28 January 1993

Legal system:

based on civil law system

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:

President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (since NA April 1990); Vice

President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991); election last held

1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1995); percent of vote by party

NA; Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed

head of government:

Prime Minister Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 October 1991); First

Deputy Prime Minister Arkezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since NA November 1993)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister

Legislative branch:

unicameral

Supreme Council:

elections last held 7 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results -

percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) Union Peoples' Unity

of Kazakhstan 33, Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of

Kazakhstan 11, People's Congress of Kazakhstan Party 9, Socialist

Party of Kazakhstan 8, Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan 4,

Social Movement "LAD" 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth of

Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee for Human Rights 1, Association of

Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, International Public Committee

"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1,

Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet 40, independents 62

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders:

Peoples Unity Movement (PUU), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; Peoples

Congress, Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Kazakhstan Socialist Party

(SPK; former Communist Party), Piotr SVOIK, co-chairman; Republican

Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress

(Russian) Party, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Union Peoples' Unity

of Kazakhstan (SNEK); Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of

Kazakhstan; Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan; Social Movement

LAD (Slavic Rebirth Society), V. MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union of Youth

of Kazakhstan; Democratic Committee for Human Rights; Association of

Lawyers of Kazakhstan; International Public Committee

"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan;

Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet

Other political or pressure groups:

Independent Trade Union Center (Birlesu; an association of independent

trade union and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president

Member of:

CCC, CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF,

INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOD, NACC, OIC (observer), UN,

UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Tuleutai SULEYMENOV

chancery:

3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:

(202) 333-4504/7

FAX:

(202) 333-4509

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador William H. COURTNEY

embassy:

99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 480012

mailing address:

American Embassy Almaty, c/o Department of State, Washington, DC,

20521-7030

telephone:

(7) (3272) 63-17-70, 63-24-26, 63-28-80, 63-34-05

FAX:

(7) (3272) 63-38-83

Flag:

sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with

32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the

hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow

@Kazakhstan, Economy

Overview:

Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states in

territory, possesses vast oil, coal, rare metals, and agricultural

resources. While the economy is gradually making the transition from a

Soviet command system to a market system, strong elements of state

control persist including government ownership of most economic assets

and a continued system of mandatory state procurement for the key

products such as grain and energy; likewise, agriculture remains

largely collectivized. On the other hand, new businesses are forming

rapidly, the economy is opening to foreign investment, and 12% of

state-owned commercial enterprises have been privatized. In 1993, a

three-year industrial privatization program was launched; an

independent currency was successfully introduced; and two large joint

ventures were established with western oil companies. These

far-reaching structural transformations have resulted in a cumulative

decline in national income of more than 30% since 1990. Loose monetary

policies have kept the inflation rate high, averaging 28% per month

for 1993 and accelerating at the end with the disruption caused by a

new currency. Since the introduction of its independent currency in

November 1993, the government has renewed its commitment to fiscal

discipline and accelerating economic reform. However, growing economic

hardship and rising ethnic tensions between Kazakhs and Russians over

the division of economic assets will likely lead to strong pressure to

backtrack.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $60.3 billion (1993 estimate from

the UN International Comparison Program, as extended to 1991 and

published in the World Bank's World Development Report 1993; and as

extrapolated to 1993 using official Kazakhstani statistics, which are

very uncertain because of major economic changes since 1990)

National product real growth rate:

-13% (1993 est.)

National product per capita:

$3,510 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

28% per month (1993)

Unemployment rate:

0.6% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large

numbers of underemployed workers

Budget:

revenues:

$NA

expenditures:

$NA, including capital expenditures of $1.76 billion (1991 est.)

Exports:

$1.3 billion to outside the FSU countries (1993)

commodities:

oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat

(1992)

partners:

Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Imports:

$358.3 million from outside the FSU countries (1993)

commodities:

machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas (1992)

partners:

Russia and other former Soviet republics, China

External debt:

$1.5 billion debt to Russia

Industrial production:

growth rate -16% (1993)

Electricity:

capacity:

19,135,000 kW

production:

81.3 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

4,739 kWh (1992)

Industries:

extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead,

zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur),

iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural

machinery, electric motors, construction materials

Agriculture:

accounts for almost 40% of net material product; employs about 26% of

the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool

Illicit drugs:

illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS

consumption; limited government eradication program; used as

transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North

America from Central and Southwest Asia

Economic aid:

recipient:

approximately $1 billion in foreign credits to become available in

1994

Currency:

national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November 1993

Exchange rates:

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Kazakhstan, Communications

Railroads:

14,460 km (all 1.520-meter gauge); does not include industrial lines

(1990)

Highways:

total:

189,000 km

paved and graveled:

108,100 km

unpaved:

earth 80,900 km (1990)

Inland waterways:

Syrdariya River, Ertis River

Pipelines:

crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km

(1992)

Ports:

inland - Atyrau (formerly Gur'yev; on Caspian Sea)

Airports:

total:

365

usable:

152

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

telephone service is poor, with only about 17 telephones for each 100

persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones per 100 persons in rural

areas; of the approximately 2.2 million telephones, Almaty has

184,000; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,750,000, radios 4,088,000, radio

receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion

6,082,000; international traffic with other former USSR republics and

China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by

satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at

the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations -

INTELSAT and Orbita (TV receive only); new satellite ground station

established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with

2500 channel band width

@Kazakhstan, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 4,432,716; fit for military service 3,554,209; reach

military age (18) annually 154,989 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

69,326 million rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note -

conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current

exchange rate could produce misleading results

@Kenya, Geography

Location:

Eastern Africa, bordering the northwestern India Ocean between

Tanzania and Somalia

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

582,650 sq km

land area:

569,250 sq km

comparative area:

slightly more than twice the size of Nevada

Land boundaries:

total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,

Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km

Coastline:

536 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with

international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification

of ethnic Somalis

Climate:

varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

Terrain:

low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley;

fertile plateau in west

Natural resources:

gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,

wildlife

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

85%

Irrigated land:

520 sq km (1989)

Environment:

current issues:

water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water

quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers;

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching

natural hazards:

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine

Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,

Climate Change

Note:

the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural

production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique

physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and

economic value

@Kenya, People

Population:

28,240,658 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.07% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

42.44 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

11.74 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

74.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

53.23 years

male:

51.48 years

female:

55.03 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.91 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Kenyan(s)

adjective:

Kenyan

Ethnic divisions:

Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,

Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant (including Anglican) 26%, indigenous

beliefs 18%, Muslim 6%

Languages:

English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languages

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

total population:

69%

male:

80%

female:

58%

Labor force:

9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1,370,000

(14.8% of the labor force)

by occupation:

agriculture 75-80% (1993 est.), non-agriculture 20-25% (1993 est.)

@Kenya, Government