Overview:_The 1994 CIA World Factbook

With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, prospects

seemed bright for a fairly rapid incorporation of East Germany into

the highly successful West German economy. The Federal Republic,

however, continues to experience difficulties in integrating and

modernizing eastern Germany, and the tremendous costs of unification

pushed western Germany into its deepest recession since World War II.

The western German economy shrank by 1.9% in 1993 as the Bundesbank

maintained high interest rates to offset the inflationary effects of

large government deficits and high wage settlements. Eastern Germany

grew by 7.1% in 1993 but this was from a shrunken base. Despite

government transfers to the east amounting to nearly $110 billion

annually, a self-sustaining economy in the region is still some years

away. The bright spots are eastern Germany's construction,

transportation, telecommunications, and service sectors, which have

experienced strong growth. Western Germany has an advanced market

economy and is a world leader in exports. It has a highly urbanized

and skilled population that enjoys excellent living standards,

abundant leisure time, and comprehensive social welfare benefits.

Western Germany is relatively poor in natural resources, coal being

the most important mineral. Western Germany's world-class companies

manufacture technologically advanced goods. The region's economy is

mature: services and manufacturing account for the dominant share of

economic activity, and raw materials and semimanufactured goods

constitute a large portion of imports. In recent years, manufacturing

has accounted for about 31% of GDP, with other sectors contributing

lesser amounts. Gross fixed investment in 1993 accounted for about

20.5% of GDP. GDP in the western region is now $19,400 per capita, or

78% of US per capita GDP. Eastern Germany's economy appears to be

changing from one anchored on manufacturing into a more

service-oriented economy. The German government, however, is intent on

maintaining a manufacturing base in the east and is considering a

policy for subsidizing industrial cores in the region. Eastern

Germany's share of all-German GDP is only 8% and eastern productivity

is just 30% that of the west even though eastern wages are at roughly

70% of western levels. The privatization agency for eastern Germany,

Treuhand, has privatized more than 90% of the 13,000 firms under its

control and will likely wind down operations in 1994. Private

investment in the region continues to be lackluster, resulting

primarily from the deepening recession in western Germany and

excessively high eastern wages. Eastern Germany has one of the world's

largest reserves of low-grade lignite coal but little else in the way

of mineral resources. The quality of statistics from eastern Germany

is improving, yet many gaps remain; the federal government began

producing all-German data for select economic statistics at the start

of 1992. The most challenging economic problem is promoting eastern

Germany's economic reconstruction - specifically, finding the right

mix of fiscal, monetary, regulatory, and tax policies that will spur

investment in eastern Germany - without destabilizing western

Germany's economy or damaging relations with West European partners.

The government hopes a "solidarity pact" among labor unions, business,

state governments, and the SPD opposition will provide the right mix

of wage restraints, investment incentives, and spending cuts to

stimulate eastern recovery. Finally, the homogeneity of the German

economic culture has been changed by the admission of large numbers of

immigrants.

National product:

Germany:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $1.331 trillion (1993)

western:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $1.218 trillion (1993)

eastern:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $112.7 billion (1993)

National product real growth rate:

Germany:

-1.2% (1993)

western:

-1.9% (1993)

eastern:

7.1% (1993)

National product per capita:

Germany:

$16,500 (1993)

western:

$19,400 (1993)

eastern:

$6,300 (1993)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

western:

4.2% (1993)

eastern:

8.9% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate:

western:

8.1% (December 1993)

eastern:

15.4% (December 1993)

Budget:

revenues:

$918 billion

expenditures:

$972 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)

Exports:

$392 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities:

manufactures 89.0% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals,

motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.4%,

raw materials 2.2%, fuels 1.3% (1922)

partners:

EC 51.3% (France 11.1%, Netherlands 8.3%, Italy 8.2%, UK 7.9%,

Belgium-Luxembourg 7.5%), EFTA 13.3%, US 6.8%, Eastern Europe 5.0%,

OPEC 3.3% (1993)

Imports:

$374.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities:

manufactures 74.9%, agricultural products 10.3%, fuels 7.4%, raw

materials 5.5% (1992)

partners:

EC 49.7 (France 11.0%, Netherlands 9.2%, Italy 8.8%, UK 6.6%,

Belgium-Luxembourg 6.7%), EFTA 12.7%, US 5.9%, Japan 5.2%, Eastern

Europe 4.8%, OPEC 2.6% (1993)

External debt:

$NA

Industrial production:

western:

growth rate -7% (1993)

eastern:

growth rate $NA

Electricity:

capacity:

134,000,000 kW

production:

580 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

7,160 kWh (1992)

Industries:

western:

among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement,

chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics; food and

beverages

eastern:

metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine

building, food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refining

Agriculture:

western:

accounts for about 2% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);

diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops and livestock

include potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage, cattle,

pigs, poultry; net importer of food

eastern:

accounts for about 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);

principal crops - wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit;

livestock products include pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides and skins;

net importer of food

Illicit drugs:

source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors;

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American

cocaine for West European markets

Economic aid:

western-donor:

ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.5 billion

eastern-donor:

bilateral to non-Communist less developed countries (1956-89) $4

billion

Currency:

1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige

Exchange rates:

deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.7431 (January 1994), 1.6533 (1993),

1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Germany, Communications

Railroads:

western:

31,443 km total; 27,421 km government owned, 1.435-meter standard

gauge (12,491 km double track, 11,501 km electrified); 4,022 km

nongovernment owned, including 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

(214 km electrified) and 424 km 1.000-meter gauge (186 km electrified)

eastern:

14,025 km total; 13,750 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 275 km

1.000-meter or other narrow gauge; 3,830 (est.) km 1.435-meter

standard gauge double-track; 3,475 km overhead electrified (1988)

Highways:

total:

625,600 km (1991 est.); western - 501,000 km (1990 est.); eastern -

124,600 km (1988 est.)

paved:

543,200 km, including 10,814 km of expressways; western - 495,900 km,

including 8,959 km of expressways; eastern - 47,300 km, including

1,855 km of expressways

unpaved:

82,400 km; western - 5,000 km earth; eastern - 77,400 km gravel and

earth

Inland waterways:

western:

5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-ton

capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel

Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea

eastern:

2,319 km (1988)

Pipelines:

crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564 km

(1988)

Ports:

coastal - Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Cuxhaven, Emden, Bremen, Hamburg,

Kiel, Lubeck, Wilhelmshaven, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz;

inland - 31 major on Rhine and Elbe rivers

Merchant marine:

485 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,541,441 GRT/5,835,511 DWT,

barge carrier 7, bulk 11, cargo 241, chemical tanker 20, combination

bulk 6, combination ore/oil 5, container 132, liquefied gas tanker 16,

oil tanker 7, passenger 3, railcar carrier 5, refrigerated cargo 7,

roll-on/roll-off cargo 20, short-sea passenger 5

note:

the German register includes ships of the former East and West Germany

Airports:

total:

590

usable:

583

with permanent-surface runways:

308

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

western:

highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the

country; fully adequate in all respects; 40,300,000 telephones;

intensively developed, highly redundant cable and microwave radio

relay networks, all completely automatic; broadcast stations - 80 AM,

470 FM, 225 (6,000 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine coaxial cables;

satellite earth stations - 12 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT antennas, 2

Indian Ocean INTELSAT antennas, EUTELSAT, and domestic systems; 2 HF

radiocommunication centers; tropospheric links

eastern:

badly needs modernization; 3,970,000 telephones; broadcast stations -

23 AM, 17 FM, 21 TV (15 Soviet TV repeaters); 6,181,860 TVs; 6,700,000

radios; 1 satellite earth station operating in INTELSAT and

Intersputnik systems

@Germany, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 20,253,482; fit for military service 17,506,468; reach

military age (18) annually 418,124 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $37.3 billion, 2% of GDP (1993)

@Ghana, Geography

Location:

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Cote

d'Ivoire and Togo

Map references:

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area:

total area:

238,540 sq km

land area:

230,020 sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Oregon

Land boundaries:

total 2,093 km, Burkina 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

Coastline:

539 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200 nm

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and

humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Terrain:

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

Natural resources:

gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

15%

forest and woodland:

37%

other:

36%

Irrigated land:

80 sq km (1989)

Environment:

current issues:

recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities;

deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat

destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; limited

supply of safe drinking water

natural hazards:

dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the

Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

Tropical Timber, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,

Climate Change, Marine Life Conservation

Note:

Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly

harmattan wind (January to March)

@Ghana, People

Population:

17,225,185 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.09% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

44.13 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

12.27 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

-0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

83.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

55.52 years

male:

53.58 years

female:

57.52 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

6.15 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Ghanaian(s)

adjective:

Ghanaian

Ethnic divisions:

black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe

13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2%

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%

Languages:

English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba,

Ewe, and Ga)

Literacy:

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

total population:

60%

male:

70%

female:

51%

Labor force:

3.7 million

by occupation:

agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical

15.2%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional

3.7%

note:

48% of population of working age (1983)

@Ghana, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:

Ghana

former:

Gold Coast

Digraph:

Type:

constitutional democracy

Capital:

Accra

Administrative divisions:

10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra,

Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western

Independence:

6 March 1957 (from UK)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 6 March (1957)

Constitution:

new constitution approved 28 April 1992

Legal system:

based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted

compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

universal at 18

Executive branch:

chief of state and head of government:

President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992) election last

held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA)

cabinet:

Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval by the

Parliament

Legislative branch:

unicameral

National Assembly:

elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders:

National Democratic Congress, Jerry John Rawlings; New Patriotic

Party, Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex Erskine;

various other smaller parties

Member of:

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,

ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,

IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,

WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH

chancery:

3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

(202) 686-4520

FAX:

(202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:

New York

US diplomatic representation:

chief of mission:

Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWN

embassy:

Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra

mailing address:

P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:

[233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775297 or 775298

FAX:

[233] (21) 776008

Flag:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a

large black five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the

popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of

Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

@Ghana, Economy

Overview:

Supported by substantial international assistance, Ghana has been

implementing a steady economic rebuilding program since 1983,

including moves toward privatization and relaxation of government

controls. The agriculture sector consists largely of small traditional

farm holdings, rain-fed for the most part. Heavily dependent on cocoa,

gold, and timber exports, economic growth so far has not spread

substantially to other areas of the economy. The costs of sending

peacekeeping forces to Liberia and preparing for the transition to a

democratic government have boosted government expenditures and

undercut structural adjustment reforms. Ghana opened a stock exchange

in 1990 and plans to float 5% of its stake in Ashanti Goldfields

Corporation, which would make the exchange the largest in sub-Saharan

Africa outside of South Africa.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $25 billion (1993 est.)

National product real growth rate:

3.9% (1992 est.)

National product per capita:

$1,500 (1993 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

10% (1992)

Unemployment rate:

10% (1991)

Budget:

revenues:

$1 billion

expenditures:

$905 million, including capital expenditures of $200 million (1991

est.)

Exports:

$1 billion (f.o.b., 1992)

commodities:

cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum

partners:

Germany 31%, US 12%, UK 11%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5% (1991)

Imports:

$1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992)

commodities:

petroleum 16%, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital

equipment

partners:

UK 22%, US 11%, Germany 9%, Japan 6%

External debt:

$4.6 billion (1992 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate in manufacturing (1992); accounts for almost 15% of GDP

Electricity:

capacity:

1,180,000 kW

production:

4.49 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

290 kWh (1991)

Industries:

mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing

Agriculture:

accounts for 43% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the major

cash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava,

peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in food

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit

hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and

Europe

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western

(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6

billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist

countries (1970-89) $106 million

Currency:

1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas

Exchange rates:

new cedis per US$1 - 713.00 (October 1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83

(1991), 326.33 (1990), 270.00 (1989)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

@Ghana, Communications

Railroads:

953 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 32 km double track; railroads

undergoing major renovation

Highways:

total:

32,250 km

paved:

concrete, bituminous 6,084 km

unpaved:

gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 26,166 km

Inland waterways:

Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation

for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial

and feeder waterways

Pipelines:

none

Ports:

Tema, Takoradi

Merchant marine:

5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 46,289 GRT/61,606 DWT, cargo 4,

refrigerated cargo 1

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent-surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

poor to fair system handled primarily by microwave radio relay links;

42,300 telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 1 FM, 4 (8 translators)

TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

@Ghana, Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Civil Defense

Manpower availability:

males age 15-49 3,867,183; fit for military service 2,159,769; reach

military age (18) annually 170,283 (1994 est.)

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $30 million, less than 1% of GDP (1989

est.)

@Gibraltar

Header

Affiliation:

(dependent territory of the UK)

@Gibraltar, Geography

Location:

Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links

the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern

coast of Spain

Map references:

Africa, Europe

Area:

total area:

6.5 sq km

land area:

6.5 sq km

comparative area:

about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

total 1.2 km, Spain 1.2 km

Coastline:

12 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive fishing zone:

3 nm

territorial sea:

3 nm

International disputes:

source of occasional friction between Spain and the UK

Climate:

Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

Terrain:

a narrow coastal lowland borders The Rock

Natural resources:

negligible

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

100%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

natural freshwater sources are meager, so large concrete or natural

rock water catchments collect rain water

natural hazards:

international agreements:

Note:

strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North

Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

@Gibraltar, People

Population:

31,684 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.58% (1994 est.)

Birth rate:

15.37 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate:

8.87 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Net migration rate:

-0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:

76.33 years

male:

73.44 years

female:

79.19 years (1994 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.33 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Nationality:

noun:

Gibraltarian(s)

adjective:

Gibraltar

Ethnic divisions:

Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish

Religions:

Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England 8%, other 3%),

Moslem 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)

Languages:

English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian,

Portuguese, Russian

Literacy:

total population:

NA%

male:

NA%

female:

NA%

Labor force:

14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

note:

UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of

the labor force

@Gibraltar, Government

Names:

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Gibraltar

Digraph:

Type:

dependent territory of the UK

Capital:

Gilbraltar

Administrative divisions:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

Independence:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

National holiday:

Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)

Constitution:

30 May 1969

Legal system:

English law

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects resident six months

or more

Executive branch:

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor

and Commander in Chief Gen. Sir John CHAPPLE (since NA March 1993)

head of government:

Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)

Gibraltar Council:

advises the governor

cabinet:

Council of Ministers; appointed from the elected members of the

Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister

Legislative branch:

unicameral

House of Assembly:

elections last held on 16 January 1992 (next to be held January 1996);

results - SL 73.3%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) number of seats by

party NA

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court, Court of Appeal

Political parties and leaders:

Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party (SL), Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor

Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR),

leader NA; Gibraltar Social Democrats, Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar

National Party, Joe GARCIA

Other political or pressure groups:

Housewives Association; Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives

Organization

Member of:

INTERPOL (subbureau)

Diplomatic representation in US:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

US diplomatic representation:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

Flag:

two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a

three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from

the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

@Gibraltar, Economy

Overview:

The British military presence has been severely reduced and now only

contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector

accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism and shipping services fees also

generate income. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public

sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the

level of employment. Construction workers are particularly affected

when government expenditures are cut.

National product:

GNP - exchange rate conversion - $182 million (FY87)

National product real growth rate:

5% (FY87)

National product per capita:

$4,600 (FY87)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

3.6% (1988)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues:

$136 million

expenditures:

$139 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY88)

Exports:

$82 million (f.o.b., 1988)

commodities:

(principally re-exports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other

partners:

UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG

Imports:

$258 million (c.i.f., 1988)

commodities:

fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs

partners:

UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands

External debt:

$318 million (1987)

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

capacity:

47,000 kW

production:

200 million kWh

consumption per capita:

6,740 kWh (1992)

Industries:

tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large

UK naval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port;

light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters,

candy, beer, and canned fish

Agriculture:

none

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $800,000; Western (non-US)

countries and ODA bilateral commitments (1992-93), $2.5 million

Currency:

1 Gibraltar pound (#G) = 100 pence

Exchange rates:

Gibraltar pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6699 (January 1994), 0.6658 (1993),

0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989); note - the

Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Fiscal year:

1 July - 30 June

@Gibraltar, Communications

Railroads:

1.000-meter-gauge system in dockyard area only

Highways:

total:

50 km

paved:

50 km

Pipelines:

none

Ports:

Gibraltar

Merchant marine:

29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 496,898 GRT/857,140 DWT, bulk 5,

cargo 4, chemical tanker 2, container 1, oil tanker 16, refrigerated

cargo 1

note:

a flag of convenience registry

Airports:

total:

usable:

with permanent surface runways:

with runways over 3,659 m:

with runways 2,440-3,659 m:

with runways 1,220-2,439 m:

Telecommunications:

adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international

radiocommunication and microwave facilities; 9,400 telephones;

broadcast stations - 1 AM, 6 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth

station

@Gibraltar, Defense Forces

Branches:

British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force

Note:

defense is the responsibility of the UK

@Glorioso Islands

Header

Affiliation:

(possession of France)

@Glorioso Islands, Geography