"Whither, 'midst falling dew,
While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue
Thy solitary way?"
Bryant.
The slumbers of Columbus were of short duration. While his sleep lasted
it was profound, like that of a man who has so much control over his
will as to have reduced the animal functions to its domination, for he
awoke regularly at short intervals, in order that his watchful eye might
take a survey of the state of the weather, and of the condition of his
vessels. On this occasion, the admiral was on deck again, a little after
one, where he found all things seemingly in that quiet and inspiring
calm that ordinarily marks, in fine weather, a middle watch at sea. The
men on deck mostly slumbered; the drowsy pilot, and the steersman, with
a look-out or two, alone remaining erect and awake. The wind had
freshened, and the caravel was ploughing her way ahead, with an untiring
industry, leaving Ferro and its dangers, at each instant, more and more
remote. The only noises that were audible, were the gentle sighing of
the wind among the cordage, the wash of the water, and the occasional
creaking of a yard, as the breeze forced it, with a firmer pressure, to
distend its tackle and to strain its fittings.
The night was dark, and it required a moment to accustom the eye to
objects by a light so feeble: when this was done, however, the admiral
discovered that the ship was not close by the wind, as he had ordered
that she should be kept. Walking to the helm, he perceived that it was
so far borne up, as to cause her head to fall off toward the north-east,
which was, in fact, in the direction to Spain.
"Art thou a seaman, and disregardest thy course, in this heedless
manner?" sternly demanded the admiral; "or art thou only a muleteer, who
fancieth he is merely winding his way along a path of the mountains. Thy
heart is in Spain, and thou thinkest that a vain wish to return may meet
with some relief in this idle artifice!"
"Alas, Senor Almirante! your Excellency hath judged rightly in believing
that my heart is in Spain, where it ought to be, moreover, as I have
left behind me at Moguer seven motherless children."
"Dost thou not know, fellow, that I, too, am a father, and that the
dearest objects of a father's hopes are left behind me, also? In what,
then, dost thou differ from me, my son being also without a mother's
care?"
"Excellency, he hath an admiral for a father, while my boys have only a
helmsman!"
"And what will it matter to Don Diego"--Columbus was fond of dwelling on
the honors he had received from the sovereigns, even though it were a
little irregularly--"what will it matter to Don Diego, my son, that his
parent perished an admiral, if he perish at all; and in what will he
profit more than your children, when he findeth himself altogether
without a parent?"
"Senor, it will profit him to be cherished by the king and queen, to be
honored as your child, and to be fostered and fed as the offspring of a
viceroy, instead of being cast aside as the issue of a nameless
mariner."
"Friend, thou hast some reason in this, and in-so-much I respect thy
feelings," answered Columbus, who, like our own Washington, appears to
have always submitted to a lofty and pure sense of justice; "but thou
wouldst do well to remember the influence that thy manly and successful
perseverance in this voyage may produce on the welfare of thy children,
instead of thus dwelling on weak forebodings of ills that are little
likely to come to pass. Neither of us hath much to expect, should we
fail of our discoveries, while both may hope every thing should we
succeed. Can I trust thee now, to keep the ship on her course, or must I
send for another mariner to relieve the helm?"
"It may be better, noble admiral, to do the last. I will bethink me of
thy counsel, and strive with my longings for home; but it would be safer
to seek another for this day, while we are so near to Spain."
"Dost thou know one Sancho Mundo, a common seaman of this crew?"
"Senor, we all know him; he hath the name of the most skilful of our
craft, of all in Moguer."
"Is he of thy watch, or sleepeth he with his fellows of the relief
below?"
"Senor, he is of our watch; and sleepeth not with his fellows below, for
the reason that he sleepeth on deck. No care, or danger, can unsettle
the confidence of Sancho! To him the sight of land is so far an evil,
that I doubt if he rejoice should we ever reach those distant countries
that your Excellency seemeth to expect we may."
"Go find this Sancho, and bid him come hither; I will discharge thy
office the while."
Columbus now took the helm with his own hands, and with a light play of
the tiller brought the ship immediately up as near the wind as she would
lie. The effect was felt in more quick and sudden plunges into the sea,
a deeper heel to leeward, and a fresh creaking aloft, that denoted a
renewed and increased strain on all the spars and their tackle. In the
course of a few minutes, however, Sancho appeared, rubbing his eyes, and
yawning.
"Take thou this duty," said the admiral, as soon as the man was near
him, "and discharge it faithfully. Those who have been here already,
have proved unfaithful, suffering the vessel to fall off, in the
direction of Spain; I expect better things of thee. I think, friend
Sancho, I may count on thee as a true and faithful follower, even in
extremity?"
"Senor Don Almirante," said Sancho, who took the helm, giving it a
little play to feel his command of it, as a skilful coachman brings his
team in subjection on first assuming the reins, "I am a servant of the
crown's, and your inferior and subordinate; such duty as becometh me, I
am ready to discharge."
"Thou hast no fear of this voyage--no childish forebodings of becoming
an endless wanderer in an unknown sea, without hope of ever seeing wife
or child again?"
"Senor, you seem to know our hearts as well as if your Excellency had
made them with your own hands, and then put them into our miserable
bodies!"
"Thou hast, then, none of these unsuitable and unseamanlike
apprehensions?"
"Not as much, Excellency, as would raise an ave in a parish priest, or a
sigh in an old woman. I may have my misgivings, for we all have
weaknesses, but none of them incline to any dread of sailing about the
ocean, since that is my happiness; nor to any concern about wife and
children, not having the first, and wishing not to think I have the
last."
"If thou hast misgivings, name them. I could wish to make one firm as
thou, wholly my friend."
"I doubt not, Senor, that we shall reach Cathay, or whatever country
your Excellency may choose to seek; I make no question of your ability
to beard the Great Khan, and, at need, to strip the very jewels from his
turban--as turban he must have, being an Infidel; nor do I feel any
misgivings about the magnitude and richness of our discoveries and
freights, since I believe, Senor Don Almirante, you are skilful enough
to take the caravels in at one end of the earth and out at the other;
or, even to load them with carbuncles, should diamonds be wanting."
"If thou hast this faith in thy leader, what other distrust can give
thee concern?"
"I distrust the value of the share, whether of honor or of jewels, that
will fall to the lot of one Sancho Mundo, a poor, unknown, almost
shirtless mariner, that hath more need of both than hath ever crossed
the mind of our gracious lady, Dona Isabella, or of her royal consort."
"Sancho, thou art a proof that no man is without his failings, and I
fear thou art mercenary. They say all men have their prices; thou
seemest clearly to have thine."
"Your Excellency hath not been sailing about the world for nothing, or
you could not tell every man his inclinations so easily. I have ever
suspected I was mercenary, and so have accepted all sorts of presents to
keep the feeling down. Nothing appeases a mercenary longing like gifts
and rewards; and as for price, I strive hard to keep mine as high as
possible, lest it should bring me into discredit for a mean and
grovelling spirit. Give me a high price, and plenty of gifts, and I can
be as disinterested as a mendicant friar."
"I understand thee, Sancho; thou art to be bought, but not to be
frightened. In thy opinion a single dobla is too little to be divided
between thee and thy friend, the Portuguese. I will make a league with
thee on thine own terms; here is another piece of gold; see that thou
remainest true to me throughout the voyage."
"Count on me, without scruple, Senor Don Almirante, and with scruples,
too, should they interfere. Your Excellency hath not a more
disinterested friend in the fleet. I only hope that when the share-list
shall be written out, the name of Sancho Mundo may have an honorable
place, as will become his fidelity. And now, your Excellency, go sleep
in peace; the Santa Maria shall lie as near to the route to Cathay, as
this south-westerly breeze will suffer."
Columbus complied, though he rose once or twice more, during the night,
to ascertain the state of the weather, and that the men did their
duties. So long as Sancho remained at the helm, he continued faithful to
his compact; but, as he went below with his watch, at the usual hour,
successors were put in his place, who betrayed the original treachery of
the other helmsman. When Luis left his hammock, Columbus was already at
work, ascertaining the distance that had been run in the course of the
night. Catching the inquiring glance of the young man, the admiral
observed, gravely, and not altogether without melancholy in his manner--
"We have had a good run, though it hath been more northerly than I could
have desired. I find that the vessels are thirty leagues further from
Ferro than when the sun set, and thou seest, here, that I have written
four-and-twenty in the reckoning, that is intended for the eyes of the
people. But there hath been great weakness at work this night among the
steersmen, if not treachery: they have kept the ship away in a manner to
cause her to run a part of the time in a direction nearly parallel to
the coast of Europe, so that they have been endeavoring to deceive me,
on the deck, while I have thought it necessary to attempt deceiving them
in the cabin. It is painful, Don Luis, to find such deceptions resorted
to, or such deceptions necessary, when one is engaged in an enterprise
that surpasseth all others ever yet attempted by man, and that, too,
with a view to the glory of God, the advantage of the human race, and
the especial interests of Spain."
"The holy churchmen, themselves, Don Christopher, are obliged to submit
to this evil," answered the careless Luis; "and it does not become us
laymen to repine at what they endure. I am told that half the miracles
they perform are, in truth, miracles of but a very indifferent quality;
the doubts and want of faith of us hardened sinners rendering such
little inventions necessary for the good of our souls."
"That there are false-minded and treacherous churchmen, as well as
false-minded and treacherous laymen, Luis, I little doubt," answered the
admiral; "but this cometh of the fall of man, and of his evil nature.
There are also righteous and true miracles, that come of the power of
God, and which are intended to uphold the faith, and to encourage those
who love and honor his holy name. I do not esteem any thing that hath
yet befallen us to belong very distinctly to this class; nor do I
venture to hope that we are to be favored in this manner by an especial
intervention in our behalf; but it exceedeth all the machinations of the
devils to persuade me that we shall be deserted while bent on so
glorious a design, or that we are not, indirectly and secretly, led, in
our voyage, by a spirit and knowledge that both come of Divine grace and
infinite wisdom."
"This may be so, Don Christopher, so far as you are concerned; though,
for myself, I claim no higher a guide than an angel. An angel's purity,
and, I hope I may add, an angel's love, lead me, in my blind path across
the ocean!"
"So it seemeth to thee, Luis; but thou canst not know that a higher
power doth not use the Dona Mercedes as an instrument in this matter.
Although no miracle rendereth it apparent to the vulgar, a spirit is
placed in my breast, in conducting this enterprise, that I should deem
it blasphemy to resist. God be praised, my boy, we are at last quit of
the Portuguese, and are fairly on our road! At present all our obstacles
must arise from the elements, or from our own fears. It gladdeneth my
heart to find that the two Pinzons remain true, and that they keep their
caravels close to the Santa Maria, like men bent on maintaining their
faith, and seeing an end of the adventure."
As Luis was now ready, he and the admiral left the cabin together. The
sun had risen, and the broad expanse of the ocean was glittering with
his rays. The wind had freshened, and was gradually getting further to
the south, so that the vessels headed up nearly to their course; and,
there being but little sea, the progress of the fleet was, in
proportion, considerable. Every thing appeared propitious; and the first
burst of grief, on losing sight of known land, having subsided, the
crews were more tranquil, though dread of the future was smothered, like
the latent fires of a volcano, rather than extinguished. The aspect of
the sea was favorable, offering nothing to view that was unusual to
mariners; and, as there is always something grateful in a lively breeze,
when unaccompanied with danger, the men were probably encouraged by a
state of things to which they were accustomed, and which brought with it
cheerfulness and hope. In the course of the day and night, the vessels
ran a hundred and eighty miles still further into the trackless waste of
the ocean, without awakening half the apprehensions in the bosoms of the
mariners that they had experienced on losing sight of land. Columbus,
however, acting on the cautious principle he had adopted, when he laid
before his people the result of the twenty-four hours' work, reduced the
distance to about one hundred and fifty.
Tuesday, the 10th of September, brought a still more favorable change of
wind. This day, for the first time since quitting the Canaries, the
heads of the vessels were laid fairly to the west; and, with the old
world directly behind them, and the unknown ocean in their front, the
adventurers proceeded onward with a breeze at south-east. The rate of
sailing was about five miles in the hour; compensating for the want of
speed, by the steadiness of their progress, and by the directness of
their course.
The observations that are usually made at sea, when the sun is in the
zenith, were over, and Columbus had just announced to his anxious
companions that the vessels were gradually setting south, owing to the
drift of some invisible current, when a cry from the mast-head announced
the proximity of a whale. As the appearance of one of these monsters of
the deep breaks the monotony of a sea life, every one was instantly on
the look-out, some leaping into the rigging and others upon the rails,
in order to catch a glimpse of his gambols.
"Dost thou see him, Sancho?" demanded the admiral of Mundo, the latter
being near him at the moment. "To me the water hath no appearance of any
such animals being at hand."
"Your Excellency's eye, Senor Don Almirante, is far truer than that of
the babbler's aloft. Sure as this is the Atlantic, and yonder is the
foam of the crests of the waves, there is no whale."
"The flukes!--the flukes!" shouted a dozen voices at once, pointing to a
spot where a dark object arose above the froth of the sea, showing a
pointed summit, with short arms extended on each side. "He playeth with
his head beneath the water, and the tail uppermost!"
"Alas!--alas!" exclaimed the practised Sancho, with the melancholy of a
true seaman, "what these inexperienced and hasty brawlers call the fluke
of a whale, is naught but the mast of some unhappy ship, that hath left
her bones, with her freight and her people, in the depths of the ocean!"
"Thou art right, Sancho," returned the admiral. "I now see that thou
meanest: it is truly a spar, and doubtless betokeneth a shipwreck."
This fact passed swiftly from mouth to mouth, and the sadness that ever
accompanies the evidences of such a disaster, settled on the faces of
all the beholders. The pilots alone showed indifference, and they
consulted on the expediency of endeavoring to secure the spar, as a
resource in time of need; but they abandoned the attempt on acccount of
the agitation of the water, and of the fairness of the wind, the latter
being an advantage a true mariner seldom likes to lose.
"There is a warning to us!" exclaimed one of the disaffected, as the
Santa Maria sailed past the waving summit of the spar; "God hath sent
this sign to warn us not to venture where he never intended navigators
to go!"
"Say, rather," put in Sancho, who, having taken the fee, had ever since
proved a willing advocate, "it is an omen of encouragement sent from
heaven. Dost thou not see that the part of the mast that is visible
resembleth a cross, which holy sign is intended to lead us on, filled
with hopes of success?"
"This is true, Sancho," interrupted Columbus. "A cross hath been reared
for our edification, as it might be, in the midst of the ocean, and we
are to regard it as a proof that Providence is with us, in our attempt
to carry its blessings to the aid and consolation of the heathen of
Asia."
As the resemblance to the holy symbol was far from fanciful, this happy
hit of Sancho's was not without its effect. The reader will understand
the likeness all the better, when he is told that the upper end of a
mast has much the appearance of a cross, by means of the trussel-trees;
and, as often happens, this particular spar was floating nearly
perpendicular, owing to some heavy object being fast to its heel,
leaving the summit raised some fifteen or twenty feet above the surface
of the sea. In a quarter of an hour this last relic of Europe and of
civilization disappeared in the wake of the vessels, gradually
diminishing in size and settling toward the water, until its faint
outlines vanished in threads, still wearing the well-known shape of the
revered symbol of Christianity.
After this little incident, the progress of the vessels was
uninterrupted by any event worthy of notice for two days and nights. All
this time the wind was favorable, and the adventurers proceeded due
west, by compass, which was, in fact, however, going a little north of
the real point--a truth that the knowledge of the period had not yet
mastered. Between the morning of the 10th September, and the evening of
the 13th, the fleet had passed over near ninety leagues of ocean,
holding its way in a line but a little deviating from a direct one
athwart the great waste of water, and having consequently reached a
point as far, if not further west than the position of the Azores, then
the most westerly land known to European navigators. On the 13th, the
currents proved to be adverse, and, having a south-easterly set, they
had a tendency to cause the ships to sheer southwardly, bringing them,
each hour, nearer to the northern margin of the trades.
The admiral and Luis were at their customary post, on the evening of the
13th--the day last mentioned--as Sancho left the helm, his tour of duty
having just ended. Instead of going forward, as usual, among the people,
the fellow hesitated, surveyed the poop with a longing eye, and, finding
it occupied only by the admiral and his constant companion, he ascended
the ladder, as if desirous of making some communication.
"Wouldst thou aught with me, Sancho?" demanded the admiral, waiting for
the man to make certain that no one else was on the narrow deck. "Speak
freely: thou hast my confidence."
"Senor Don Almirante, your Excellency well knoweth that I am no
fresh-water fish, to be frightened at the sight of a shark or a whale,
or one that is terrified because a ship headeth west, instead of east;
and yet I do come to say that this voyage is not altogether without
certain signs and marvels, that it may be well for a mariner to respect,
as unusual, if not ominous."
"As thou sayest, Sancho, thou art no driveller to be terrified by the
flight of a bird, or at the presage of a drifting spar, and thou
awakenest my curiosity to know more. The Senor de Munos is my
confidential secretary, and nothing need be hid from him. Speak freely,
then, and without further delay. If gold is thy aim, be certain thou
shalt have it."
"No, Senor, my news is not worth a maravedi, or it is far beyond the
price of gold; such as it is, your Excellency can take it, and think no
more of my reward. You know, Senor, that we old mariners will have our
thoughts as we stand at the helm, sometimes fancying the smiles and good
looks of some hussy ashore, sometimes remembering the flavor of rich
fruits and well-savored mutton; and then, again, for a wonder,
bethinking us of our sins."
"Fellow, all this I well know; but it is not matter for an admiral's
ear."
"I know not that, Senor; I have known admirals who have relished mutton
after a long cruise; ay, and who have bethought them, too, of smiling
faces and bright eyes, and who, if they did not, at times, bethink them
of their sins, have done what was much worse, help to add to the great
account that was heaping up against them. Now, there was"--
"Let me toss this vagabond into the sea, at once, Don Christopher,"
interrupted the impatient Luis, making a forward movement as if to
execute the threat, an act which the hand of Columbus arrested; "we
shall never hear a tale the right end first, as long as he remaineth in
the ship."
"I thank you, my young Lord of Llera," answered Sancho, with an ironical
smile; "if you are as ready at drowning seamen, as you are at unhorsing
Christian knights in the tourney, and Infidels in the fray, I would
rather that another should be master of my baths."
"Thou know'st me, knave? Thou hast seen me on some earlier voyage."
"A cat may look at a king, Senor Conde; and why not a mariner on his
passenger? But spare your threats, and your secret is in safe hands. If
we reach Cathay, no one will be ashamed of having made the voyage; and
if we miss it, it is little likely that any will go back to relate the
precise manner in which your Excellency was drowned, or starved to
death, or in what other manner you became a saint in Abraham's bosom."
"Enough of this!" said Columbus, sternly; "relate what thou hast to say,
and see that thou art discreet touching this young noble."
"Senor, your word is law. Well, Don Christopher, it is one of the tricks
of us mariners, at night, to be watching an old and constant friend, the
north star; and while thus occupied an hour since, I noted that this
faithful guide and the compass by which I was steering, told different
tales."
"Art certain of this?" demanded the admiral, with a quickness and
emphasis that betrayed the interest he felt in the communication.
"As certain, Senor, as fifty years' looking at the star, and forty
years' watching of the compass can make a man. But there is no occasion,
your Excellency, to depend on my ignorance, since the star is still
where God placed it; and there is your private compass at your
elbow--one may be compared with the other."
Columbus had already bethought him of making this comparison; and by the
time Sancho ceased speaking, he and Luis were examining the instrument
with eager curiosity. The first, and the most natural, impression, was a
belief that the needle of the instrument below was defective, or, at
least, influenced by some foreign cause; but an attentive observation
soon convinced the navigator that the remark of Sancho was true. He was
both astonished and concerned to find that the habitual care, and
professional eye of the fellow had been active, and quick to note a
change as unusual as this. It was, indeed, so common with mariners to
compare their compasses with the north star--a luminary that was
supposed never to vary its position in the heavens, as that position
related to man--that no experienced seaman, who happened to be at the
helm at nightfall, could well overlook the phenomenon.
After repeated observations with his own compasses, of which he kept
two--one on the poop, and another in the cabin; and having recourse also
to the two instruments in the binnacle, Columbus was compelled to admit
to himself that all four varied, alike, from their usual direction,
nearly six degrees. Instead of pointing due north, or, at least, in a
direct line toward a point on the horizon immediately beneath the star,
they pointed some five or six degrees to the westward of it. This was
both a novel and an astounding departure from the laws of nature, as
they were then understood, and threatened to render the desired results
of the voyage so much the more difficult of attainment, as it at once
deprived the adventurers of a sure reliance on the mariner's principal
guide, and would render it difficult to sail, with any feeling of
certainty as to the course, in cloudy weather, or dark nights. The first
thought of the admiral, on this occasion, however, was to prevent the
effect which such a discovery would be likely to produce on men already
disposed to anticipate the worst.
"Thou wilt say nothing of this, Sancho?" he observed to the man. "Here
is another dobla to add to thy store."
"Excellency, pardon a humble seaman's disobedience, if my hand refuse to
open to your gift. This matter toucheth of supernatural means; and, as
the devil may have an agency in the miracle, in order to prevent our
converting them heathen, of whom you so often speak, I prefer to keep my
soul as pure as may be, in the matter, since no one knoweth what weapons
we may be driven to use, should we come to real blows with the Father of
Sin."
"Thou wilt, at least, prove discreet?"
"Trust me for that, Senor Don Almirante; not a word shall pass my lips
about this matter, until I have your Excellency's permission to speak."
Columbus dismissed the man, and then he turned toward Luis, who had been
a silent but attentive listener to what had passed.
"You seem disturbed at this departure from the usual laws of the
compass, Don Christopher," observed the young man, gaily. "To me it
would seem better to rely altogether on Providence, which would scarcely
lead us out here, into the wide Atlantic, on its own errand, and desert
us when we most need its aid."
"God implants in the bosom of his servants a desire to advance his ends,
but human agents are compelled to employ natural means, and, in order to
use such means advantageously, it is necessary to understand them. I
look upon this phenomenon as a proof that our voyage is to result in
discoveries of unknown magnitude, among which, perhaps, are to be
numbered some clue to the mysteries of the needle. The mineral riches of
Spain differ, in certain particulars, from the mineral riches of France;
for, though some things are common to all lands, others are peculiar to
particular countries. We may find regions where the loadstone abounds,
or may, even now, be in the neighborhood of some island that hath an
influence on our compasses that we cannot explain."
"Is it known that islands have ever produced this effect on the needle?"
"It is not--nor do I deem such a circumstance very probable, though all
things are possible. We will wait patiently for further proofs that this
phenomenon is real and permanent, ere we reason further on a matter that
is so difficult to be understood."
The subject was now dropped, though the unusual incident gave the great
navigator an uneasy and thoughtful night. He slept little, and often was
his eye fastened on the compass that was suspended in his cabin as a
"tell-tale," for so seamen term the instrument by which the officer
overlooks the course that is steered by the helmsman, even when the
latter least suspects his supervision. Columbus arose sufficiently early
to get a view of the star before its brightness was dimmed by the return
of light, and made another deliberate comparison of the position of this
familiar heavenly body with the direction of the needles. The
examination proved a slight increase of the variation, and tended to
corroborate the observations of the previous night. The result of the
reckoning showed that the vessels had run nearly a hundred miles in the
course of the last twenty-four hours, and Columbus now believed himself
to be about six times that distance west of Ferro, though even the
pilots fancied themselves by no means as far.
As Sancho kept his secret, and no other eye among the helmsmen was as
vigilant, the important circumstance, as yet, escaped general attention.
It was only at night, indeed, that the variation could be observed by
means of the polar star, and it was yet so slight that no one but a very
experienced and quick-eyed mariner would be apt to note it. The whole of
the day and night of the 14th consequently passed without the crew's
taking the alarm, and this so much the more as the wind had fallen, and
the vessels were only some sixty miles further west than when they
commenced. Still, Columbus noted the difference, slight as was the
change, ascertaining, with the precision of an experienced and able
navigator, that the needle was gradually varying more and more to the
westward, though it was by steps that were nearly imperceptible.