reference to the work of printing-houses, the fact remains that the
principles that make for good printing make also for good composition in
general. The De Vinne system should be mastered by typewriters, and used
by them on all work that is left to their own judgment.
=81. Words Spelled Anew.= There has been considerable recent (September,
1906) discussion of the reformed spelling as recommended by the
Simplified Spelling Board, of New York City. The list has been
recommended by eminent scholars of both Europe and America, and many of
the words have been in general use for many years. In adopting the list
recently, President Roosevelt said: “It is not an attack on the language
of Shakespeare and Milton, because it is in some instances a going back
to the forms they used, and in others merely the extension of changes
which, as regards other words, have taken place since their time. It is
not an attempt to do anything far-reaching or sudden or violent, or,
indeed, anything very great at all. It is merely an attempt to cast what
slight weight can properly be cast on the side of the popular forces
which are endeavoring to make our spelling a little less foolish and
fantastic.”
82. THREE HUNDRED WORDS.
The complete list is as follows:
=Use= =Instead of=
abridgment abridgement
accouter accoutre
accurst accursed
acknowledgment acknowledgement
addrest addressed
adz adze
affixt affixed
altho although
anapest anapaest
anemia anaemia
anesthesia anaesthesia
anesthetic anaesthetic
antipyrin antipyrine
antitoxin antitoxine
apothem apothegm
apprize apprise
arbor arbour
archeology archaeology
ardor ardour
armor armour
artizan artisan
assize assise
ax axe
bans banns
bark barque
behavior behaviour
blest blessed
blusht blushed
brazen brasen
brazier brasier
bun bunn
bur burr
caliber calibre
caliper calliper
candor candour
carest caressed
catalog catalogue
catechize catechise
center centre
chapt chapped
check cheque
checker chequer
chimera chimaera
civilize civilise
clamor clamour
clangor clangour
clapt clapped
claspt clasped
clipt clipped
clue clew
coeval coaeval
color colour
colter coulter
commixt commixed
comprest compressed
comprize comprise
confest confessed
controller comptroller
coquet coquette
criticize criticise
cropt cropped
crost crossed
crusht crushed
cue queue
curst cursed
cutlas cutlass
cyclopedia cyclopaedia
dactyl dactyle
dasht dashed
decalog decalogue
defense defence
demagog demagogue
demeanor demeanour
deposit deposite
deprest depressed
develop develope
dieresis diaeresis
dike dyke
dipt dipped
discust discussed
dispatch despatch
distil distill
distrest distressed
dolor dolour
domicil domicile
draft draught
dram drachm
drest dressed
dript dripped
droopt drooped
dropt dropped
dulness dullness
ecumenical oecumenical
edile aedile
egis aegis
enamor enamour
encyclopedia encyclopaedia
endeavor endeavour
envelop envelope
Eolian Aeolian
eon aeon
epaulet epaulette
eponym eponyme
era aera
esophagus oesophagus
esthetic aesthetic
esthetics aesthetics
estivate aestivate
ether aether
etiology aetiology
exorcize exorcise
exprest expressed
fagot faggot
fantasm phantasm
fantasy phantasy
fantom phantom
favor favour
favorite favourite
fervor fervour
fiber fibre
fixt fixed
flavor flavour
fulfil fulfill
fulness fullness
gage gauge
gazel gazelle
gelatin gelatine
gloze glose
glycerin glycerine
good-by good-bye
gram gramme
gript gripped
harbor harbour
harken hearken
heapt heaped
hematin haematin
hiccup hiccough
hock hough
homeopathy homoeopathy
homonym homonyme
honor honour
humor humour
husht hushed
hypotenuse hypothenuse
idolize idolise
imprest impressed
instil instill
jail gaol
judgment judgement
kist kissed
labor labour
lacrimal lachrymal
lapt lapped
lasht lashed
leapt leaped
legalize legalise
license licence
licorice liquorice
liter litre
lodgment lodgement
lookt looked
lopt lopped
luster lustre
mama mamma
maneuver manoeuver
materialize materialise
meager meagre
medieval mediaeval
meter metre
mist missed
miter mitre
mixt mixed
mold mould
molder moulder
molding moulding
moldy mouldy
molt moult
mullen mullein
naturalize naturalise
neighbor neigh
nipt nipped
ocher ochre
odor odour
offense offence
omelet omelette
opprest oppressed
orthopedic orthopaedic
paleography palaeography
paleontology palaeontology
paleozoic palaeozoic
parlor parlour
partizan partisan
past passed
patronize patronise
pedagog pedagogue
pedobaptist paedobaptist
phenix phoenix
phenomenon phaenomenon
pigmy pygmy
plow plough
polyp polype
possest possessed
practise (v. and n.) practice
prefixt prefixed
prenomen praenomen
prest pressed
pretense pretence
preterit preterite
pretermit praetermit
primeval primaeval
profest professed
program programme
prolog prologue
propt propped
pur purr
quartet quartette
questor quaestor
quintet quintette
rancor rancour
rapt rapped
raze rase
recognize recognise
reconnoiter reconnoitre
rigor rigour
rime rhyme
ript ripped
rumor rumour
saber sabre
savior saviour
scepter sceptre
septet septette
sepulcher sepulchre
sextet sextette
silvan sylvan
simitar cimeter
sipt sipped
skilful skillful
skipt skipped
slipt slipped
smolder smoulder
snapt snapped
somber sombre
specter spectre
splendor splendour
stedfast steadfast
stept stepped
stopt stopped
strest stressed
stript stripped
subpena subpoena
succor succour
suffixt suffixed
sulfate sulphate
sulfur sulphur
sumac sumach
supprest suppressed
surprize surprise
synonym synonyme
tabor tabour
tapt tapped
teazel teasel
tenor tenour
theater theatre
tho though
thoro thorough
thorofare thoroughfare
thoroly thoroughly
thru through
thruout throughout
tipt tipped
topt topped
tost tossed
transgrest transgressed
trapt trapped
tript tripped
tumor tumour
valor valour
vapor vapour
vext vexed
vigor vigour
vizor visor
wagon waggon
washt washed
whipt whipped
whisky whiskey
wilful willful
winkt winked
wisht wished
wo woe
woful woeful
woolen woollen
wrapt wrapped
83. FORMS OF ADDRESS.
The following correct forms of address are believed to conform to the
recognized custom, as indorsed by official, social, and scholarly
sources of authority. Most of the examples are from Westlake’s “How to
Write Letters,” but some are from Harper’s Cyclopedia:
=Army Officers.= See Military, Colonel, etc.
=Associate Justice= of the Supreme Court of the United States, or of the
supreme court of any state. To Honorable John Brown, justice. Sir:
=Assistant Secretaries= of Federal departments, heads of bureaus, etc.
To John Brown, Esq., secretary of state. Sir:
=Bishop.= Except in the case of Methodists address a bishop as the Right
Reverend John Brown. Salutation--Right Reverend Sir: or Right Reverend
and Dear Sir:
=Board of Education, Board of Trade, etc.= To the President and Members
of the ----. Sirs: or Honorable Sirs: or May it Please Your Honorable
Body. Other organizations of similar character are addressed after this
style.
=Cabinet Members.= To the Honorable E. M. Stanton, secretary of war.
Another form is Honorable E. M. Stanton. The salutation is simply Sir:
=Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.= To the Honorable Joseph McKenna,
chief justice of the Supreme Court, or To the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court. Sir: or Mr. Chief Justice:
=College Presidents.= Either Dear Sir: or Reverend and Dear Sir: as the
case may be.
=Company, President of.= John Jones, president of the North German
Cracker Company. Sir: or Dear Sir:
=Court or Judge.= Honorable Thomas F. Graham, judge of the Superior
Court. Sir: Dear Sir: or Your Honor:
=Colonel.= Colonel John Brown, commanding the First Cavalry. Or Colonel
John Brown, U. S. A. Colonel:
=Doctors.= Women doctors may be addressed as Doctor Mary Walker, or as
Mary Walker, M. D. See physicians.
=Dentists.= Doctor John Brown. Sir: or Dear Sir:
=Excellency.= Excellency, Your Excellency, His Excellency, etc., were
formerly applied to the President, but now such use is wrong. Foreign
ministers and governors are addressed as Excellency.
=General.= General John Brown, commanding the armies of the U. S.
General: or Sir: The former is preferred.
=Governor of a State.= To His Excellency Governor George C. Pardee,
Governor of the State of California, or His Excellency Governor George
C. Pardee. Sir: or Your Excellency:
=Foreign Ministers.= To His Excellency Edward Everett, Envoy
Extraordinary at the Court of St. James. Your Excellency: or Sir:
=Heads of State Departments, Members of State Senates, etc.= Honorable
John Brown, Attorney General, etc. Sir:
=House of Representatives.= To the Honorable the Speaker of the House of
Representatives. Sir: or Mr. Speaker:
=Honorable.= This title is applicable to judges, mayors, senators,
representatives in Congress, the heads of government departments and
others of similar rank below that of governor or President. It is
improper to thus designate the chiefs of bureaus, and other
subordinates. In official communications the official designation only
should be employed.
=Judges in General.= Honorable John Brown. Sir: Dear Sir:
=Justice of the Peace.= John Brown, Esq. Dear Sir:
=Mayor.= Honorable John Brown, Mayor of ----. Sir: or Your Honor:
=Navy Officers.= Admiral Bowman McCalla, Commanding U. S. N. Sir:
Commodores and others are addressed similarly, changing title to suit
the office.
=Mr. and Esq.= These terms are somewhat interchangeable in America, but
an ignorant man should not be addressed as Esq. It is proper to confine
the title to persons of refinement.
=My Dear Sir.= This implies closer friendship than Dear Sir.
=Miss.= Miss Clara Barton. Dear Madam: or Dear Miss: or Miss Barton:
=Mrs.= May be used, contrary to views expressed elsewhere in this
volume, before such titles as Mrs. General Sheridan, Mrs. Admiral
Porter. This custom has the sanction of good usage at the National
Capital, though critics condemn it.
=Mrs.= Do not address a married woman as Mrs. Jane Smith. Address her as
Mrs. Erastus Smith if Erastus is her husband’s name.
=Mr.= Mr. is sometimes used before such titles as President, Chief
Justice, Attorney General, etc.
=Military and Naval.= Those who rank under captain in the Army, and
commodore in the Navy, are addressed as Mr., Sir, or Dr., with U. S. N.
or U. S. A. after their names.
=Physicians and Surgeons.= Doctor John Brown. Dear Sir: See Doctor for
women.
=President of a Board of Education, Directors, Commissions, etc.= To
John Brown, Esq., President of ----. Sir:
=President of the Senate.= To Honorable John Brown, President of the
Senate of the U. S. Sir: or Honorable Sir:
=President of the U. S.= To the President, Washington, D. C., or To the
President, Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C. Salutation is Sir: or
Mr. President: Omit all further ceremony.
=Professor.= This title is conferred by election or by courtesy to men
of just scholarship. The title should not be applied to barbers, horse
trainers, dancing teachers and like persons.
=Rector, Minister, Priest, Rabbi, or Reader.= The Reverend.
Salutation--Sir: Reverend Sir: Reverend and Dear Sir:
=Reverend.= Always write =the= before the title Reverend. Never use Rev.
immediately before the surname.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CLERGY.
=The Pope.= To Our Most Holy Father, Pope Pius IX:, or To His Holiness
Pope Pius IX. Most Holy Father:, or Your Holiness: Catholics write at
the end of the letter: Prostrate at the feet of Your Holiness, and
begging the Apostolic Benediction, I protest myself now and at all times
to be of Your Holiness the most obedient son, JOHN BROWN.
Those who are not Catholics should trust to good sense to conclude
respectfully.
=Cardinals.= To His Eminence Cardinal Brown, Bishop of ----: or To His
Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Brown. Most Eminent Sir: or Most
Eminent and Most Reverend Sir: Conclude thus: Of Your Eminence the most
obedient and most humble servant; or, I have the honor to remain, Most
Eminent Sir, with profound respect your obedient and humble servant.
=Archbishop.= Most Reverend Archbishop Riordan, or Most Reverend John
Brown, Archbishop of ----. Most Reverend and Respected Sir:, or Most
Reverend and Dear Sir: Conclude thus: Most Reverend Sir, or Most
Reverend Archbishop, or Most Reverend and Dear Sir, Your obedient
servant. Most Reverend and Dear Sir: should be used by a clergyman or a
friend only.
=Bishop.= Right Reverend John Brown, Bishop of ----. Right Reverend Sir:
Conclude: I have the honor to remain, Right Reverend Sir, Your obedient
servant.
=Women Superiors.= Mother Angelica, Superior of ----. (Sisters of
Charity.)
=Priests.= See Rector, etc.
=Legal Titles.= Members of the bar should always be addressed with Esq.
following their names.
=State Legislatures.= Same as the houses of Congress, except the name
and the phrase, in Congress assembled.
=Senate of the United States.= To the Honorable the Senate of the United
States in Congress assembled. Honorable Sirs: or May It Please Your
Honorable Body: or The Honorable Senate:
=Vice President.= To the Honorable Henry Wilson, Vice President of the
U. S., or (unofficial) Honorable Henry Wilson. Sir:
INDEX.
Unless otherwise designated the citations are to paragraphs.
Abbreviations in general, 13 to 26
Abbreviations of names of states, 29
Address, forms of, 83
Ages of persons, 19
A. M., and like references, 18
Anno Domini, 13
Apostrophes to be omitted, when, 15
Apostrophe in possessives, 16
Apostrophe wrong for plurals, 14
Arabic numerals, 17
Authors are supreme, 12
Authority, sources of, 1
Books, how cited, 22, 36, 52 and (12) under 27
Brick or bricks as plural, (h) 74
Cantos, how cited, 37
Capital letters, when needed, 33, 34
Chemical terms, 35
Co. and Company, 21
Company, singular verb, (d) 74
Collective nouns, 74
Compounds in detail, 10, 27, 41, 42, 43 to 47
Commas essential, (18) under 27
Copymaking is an art, 6
Credits, how printed, 52
Dashes, when omitted, 48
Dates, 23, 24
Dep’t and similar abbreviations, (2) under 27
De Vinne’s System, 1
De Vinne violated, 49
Dictionary of capital letters in detail, being alphabetically
arranged, 33
Dictionary should govern, 10
Division of words, 50
Edited MSS. save money, 3
Editorial observations, 51
Employee preferred to employe, (1) under 51
Er words rather than re, Page 54
Et al., Page 52
Etc., Page 52
Ethics and similar words, (g) under 74
Farther and further, 55
Figures, how used in dates, 24
Follows and as follow, Page 52
Following named, Page 53
Foreign words and phrases, 56
Headquarters is or are, Page 52
Hours, how written, 25
Interrupted compounds, 45
Last held meeting, Page 52
Law books, how cited, 36
Magazines, how named, 54
Medieval, etc., 63
Month, how written, 26
Money, ten dollars was paid, 74
MS. and MSS., (4) under 27
Names not abbreviated, 28
Names, plural of, 65
Newspapers and magazines, 54
Night of Horrors, 34
Numbers, spell out, 24
O, Oh, Oh!, 64
On yesterday or yesterday, Page 53
Operas and plays, 52 and 58
Pages, how cited, 38
Paper, size for printers, 8
Paragraphs, how cited, 37
Parentheses and punctuation, 62
Parentheses for states, (10) under 27
Pet names, how used, (11) under 27
Plays and operas, how cited, 52
Plurals, Page 53
Plurals of names, 65
Preferred words, Page 53
Printers blamed, 5
Printers to edit reprint, 11
PS., (17) under 27
Publications, how cited, 39
Punctuation, some forms of, 61, 62
Quarto, (12) under 27
Quote-marks in general, 66 and 68
Quote-marks, use of single, 68
Reverend, the, 69
Salutations, how written, 59, 60
Saviour and savior, 70
Scriptural citations, 40
Self-confessed, Page 54
Ships and vessels, 53
Simplified spelling, 82
Singulars and plurals, 74
Single quote-marks, 68
Singulars again, (c) under 74
Smaller type, 67
Specials, 71
Spellings preferred, 72
Spoonfuls, Page 53
States, names of abbreviated, 29
Stenographers need the code, 80
Streets, how printed, (13) under 27
Style-codes to be mastered, 9
Style-codes needed, 2
Sums-two and two is four, (a) under 74
Time references, (14) under 27
Titles, how written, (7) and (15) under 27
To wit, (8) under 27
Towns and cities, (6) under 27
Unfamiliar words, 57
United States is or are, 73
Verbs, singular or plural, 74
Wave-lines, 78
Welsh rabbit, Page 53
Whereabouts is, 75
Women and husband’s titles, 76
Words, division of, 50
Words in legal papers, (16) under 27
Years, 23
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Transcriber's Note:
Bold text is surrounded by =equals signs=, and small caps have been
changed to ALL CAPS.
Punctuation has been standardised. Variations in hyphenation and
obsolete or variant spelling have all been preserved.
The following changes have been made:
Page 20: twelvemo => 12mo: (12mo may be used)
Page 45: standstone => sandstone
Index: Abbreviations of names of states, 28 => 29
Index: States, names of abbreviated, 28 => 29
Index: Ethics and similar words, (9) under 74 => (g) under 74
Index: Headquarters is or are, 52 => Page 52
Index: Last held meeting, 52 => Page 52
End of Project Gutenberg's The Magazine Style-Code, by Leigh H. Irvine