The next morning a most superb breakfast was on my table when I
returned from a stroll in the woods--the finest milk, eggs, and
butter I ever saw in my life, and in profusion. My servant had
procured them at the adjoining farm, and so cheap, that he had
brought a large soup-plate full of eggs and an antique jug holding
more than two quarts of milk. During our whole stay at Strytem
there was never any difference in this respect--always abundance.
After breakfast, the usual watering order parade took place in the
grand avenue, under the shade of stately beeches. The contented
countenances of the men, the sleek coats and frolicksome spirit
of the horses, testified sufficiently that neither had fared
indifferently. I found, however, that the chateau farm was rather
crowded, and therefore detached the 1st division, officer and all,
to a small village, with a pretty chateau on the hill, about a mile
from us--Yseringen. This move made all hands completely comfortable,
and so we went on. Nothing could exceed the delicious tranquillity
I enjoyed in Strytem. For those who preferred more bustle and more
society Brussels was at hand, and thither they frequently repaired;
on the other side Ninove, the headquarters of Lord Uxbridge, who
commanded the cavalry, was only three or four miles distant, and all
the surrounding villages were full of cavalry or horse-artillery.
Every one breakfasted in his own apartment. At ten A.M. watering
order parade and inspection of horses, &c. Then, after visiting the
billets and getting through any casual business, I was at liberty,
and, mounting my horse, employed the remainder of the morning in
exploring the country. In the evening we all assembled to our social
meal. Those who had been to Brussels (or, as we used to say, “Up to
town”) usually brought some news, or at least some gossip, which
added zest to the excellent cheer almost always on our board. How
our table was furnished I do not exactly recollect, my notes on the
subject being silent,[6] but believe the meat was ration brought from
Ninove every day by our commissary (Mr Coates), so was the bread.
Poultry, vegetables, &c. &c., we procured in abundance amongst our
neighbours; our wine came from Brussels; candles, wood, &c., from
Ninove. After dinner some took a short ride previous to seeing their
horses done up for the night. For my part, I preferred enjoying the
calm beauties of evening with my cigar under the splendid avenue of
beech in rear of the chateau, and when night closed in, retired to
my antique saloon, which a blazing fire of fagots and a couple of
candles made tolerably comfortable. Here I busied myself in Madame de
Genlis’s ‘Life of Henri IV.,’ sometimes until midnight, tranquil and
happy. At times, as I occasionally looked up from my book and cast
my eyes round, no sound interrupting the solemn stillness save the
ticking of my watch as it lay on the table before me, the croaking
of the frogs, or the moaning of the wind as it eddied round the old
hall, I could almost fancy the deep-toned portraits of _ci-devant_
Van Voldens, in their sombre velvet suits and stiff ruffs, actually
embued with life, and frowning on my intrusion; or fixing them on
the door of the chapel, I would conjure up figures of warriors,
_bourgmestres_, or damsels clad all in white, raising the tapestry,
and----but then old Bal, getting up from his place before the fire
to scratch himself, or the voice of the sentry in the outer court
solemnly proclaiming “All’s well,” would suddenly recall me from my
reverie to a consciousness that it was bed-time; and so to bed I hied
me, to sleep as well as the eternal frog-concert would allow. Such
was the general tenor of our life at Strytem, varied a little at
times by circumstances to be related as they occurred, and sometimes
disturbed for a moment by reports of hostile movements, or the low
murmurs of a distant cannonade. This last, however, was heard so
frequently, without being followed by any consequences, that we got
accustomed to, and finally disregarded, it. Subsequently we found
that it proceeded from the practice and exercising of the Belgic
artillery at Mons, or somewhere in that direction. My rides, after a
time, brought me somewhat acquainted with the neighbouring country,
but only by slow degrees, for surely never was reconnaissance of any
country more difficult,--it was a perfect labyrinth.
In the immediate neighbourhood of Strytem the ground arose in a
succession of round-topped hills, of no very great height, and all
very much alike. Of these, the summits, and frequently the slopes,
were clothed with woods of oak, ash, beech, &c. &c., intermixed with
coppice of the finest hazel I ever saw, thus forming a number of
little valleys running into each other, but all, from the profusion
of wood and the overlapping (if I may use the term) of the flanks of
the hills, presenting an appearance of the most perfect seclusion.
Amongst these woods were scattered large tracts of cultivated ground,
laid out in fields of wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, hops, clover,
&c. &c., frequently here enclosed by thick and lofty hedges; quite
in the bottoms, and lying along a small stream of water, which ran
through almost every one of these little valleys, were meadows of the
liveliest verdure, whilst rows of magnificent elms fringed the banks
and overshadowed the rippling waters of the rivulets. Villages and
detached farms were of constant recurrence, and in all directions
one saw the modest spires of the village churches rising above the
massed and verdant foliage. Although these woods were, generally
speaking, of no great extent--perhaps only a few acres--yet were
there some of such extent as to entitle this to the appellation
of a woody, or even forest, country. The Bois de Liederkerke, for
instance, commenced near the village of Paemêle, and extended no less
than four miles in the direction of Assche; everywhere two or three
miles wide, including a great variety of ground, and in different
directions were several others nearly of the same extent. At first,
one is surprised at finding such vast tracts of woodland in a country
so populous and so assiduously cultivated; but the thing is easily
explained. In addition to the ordinary demands for small wood in
husbandry, there are large and numerous hop-grounds requiring a
continual supply of poles; but, above all, the enormous quantity of
fuel required, not only by the peasantry, but also by the inhabitants
of the towns,--wood being almost exclusively used for that purpose.
The kind of country I have been describing extended northward from
us as far as Assche--perhaps much further, but of that I know
not--and eastward to Brussels. Towards the south the round hills
gradually gave place to longer slopes and plateaux, and the woods
became less frequent, but the villages were numerous, with the same
careful cultivation everywhere. Toward the west, and only a few
miles distant, we were bounded by the Dender, holding its course
through extensive flat meadows covered with luxuriant crops of
hay, or affording pasturage to herds of fine cattle. Beyond the
river-valley the country assumed a different aspect: long and less
abrupt slopes; woods fewer and thinner; a total absence of hedges;
altogether presenting an aspect in many places bare and cheerless,
strongly contrasting with the lovely scenery about Strytem--if I may
call scenery lovely where we find neither rock, nor mountain, nor
precipice, nor torrent; but it is home scenery, and its character
simplicity, luxuriance, abundance, tranquillity, and repose. There
one saw the rustic dwellings of the peasantry situated in secluded
nooks, and embosomed in orchards and hop-grounds; the rural village
with its modest church low down in the rich bottom, surrounded by
smiling fields of grain or clover; a gentle rivulet slowly winding
its devious way amidst the rank luxuriance of vegetation clothing its
overhanging banks; the whole encased, as it were, by wavy heights,
crowned with thick and verdant woods. One thing, however, was wanting
to complete this picture of rural wealth and happiness--it wanted the
animating presence of domestic animals, of herds and flocks dotting
the fair surface of its fields. The farms in this country are not
large as with us; the farmer does not live in a splendid mansion,
still more splendidly furnished, nor does he idle away his time in
shooting or fox-hunting. The Flemish farmer is a plain honest rustic,
clad in homespun grey, a cotton night-cap on his head, wooden shoes
on his feet, and the everlasting short pipe in his mouth; he himself
holds the plough, guides his team, or assists in thrashing out his
grain. Ignorance of their language prevented my acquiring more
information concerning them and their affairs than what could be done
by observation of outward appearance; therefore I could neither learn
the extent of their farms, their ideas on agriculture, the amount
of rents, length of leases, nor the value of land, &c. Coarsely fed
and coarsely clad, still they are an industrious, hard-working, and
contented race; not very intelligent, I allow, but perhaps they are
the happier for it;--they are kind to their inferiors, affable and
communicative with their equals, and respectful, almost to servility,
to their superiors, or those they fancy such.[7]
Although many of the farming establishments in our neighbourhood
resembled in plan and construction those already described about
Dendermonde, yet were they not universally of this description. That
adjoining the chateau was really a very fine one--substantial brick
house, barns, out-houses of every kind, all on a great scale, and, as
usual, surrounded by a spacious court. But others were very different
from this; many were very humble abodes, constructed of wood or clay,
with thatched roofs and small casement windows, standing along the
edges of the fields, with their barn adjoining but not united, nor
any courtyard for manure, &c., the outbuildings all on a small scale,
as also, I suppose, were their farms. Others, standing likewise open
in the fields, were again of a different character. These had high
thatched roofs injecting several feet beyond the walls, and supported
by rough posts, forming a sort of verandah; this is filled up to the
eaves with firewood--some in logs, some in fagots--which gives to
the exterior a very rude appearance, and must make the interior very
dark, from the great depth of embrasure thus formed both to door and
window; but to balance this, it keeps the house cool in summer and
warm in winter. Although the actual village of Strytem consisted of
no more than the chateau, the farm, and the few mean houses clustered
round the church, yet the commune was extensive, comprising not
only many fine farms, but also other and more important villages.
The real _maire_ was M. le Baron Von Volden, son of the proprietress
of our chateau. He, however, seldom came nearer the place than
Brussels, leaving to his worthy _adjoint_, Jan Evenpoel, the care of
administering the government, and at the time of our arrival either
was in Paris, or had but just returned from it. Where the _maire_ is
thus vested in the person of the _châtelain_, the post seems to be
one of much importance--not confined to the police of the village
alone, but extending to a general superintendence over the welfare
of the commune, the state of the roads, &c. &c. Whether owing to
the baron being so much an absentee I know not, but the roads all
about Strytem were hardly passable after heavy rain (of which we
had a pretty good share), not only from their badness, having no
foundations, and receiving little or no repair, but also from the
unctuous and slippery soil, which makes riding absolutely dangerous
immediately after rain. Some of the worst sloughs, which otherwise
would be quite impassable, are repaired, as in Russia, Poland,
and America, by laying logs transversely, and covering them with
brushwood, and then earth; but these, after a little weathering and
wear and tear, become absolutely dangerous from horses slipping in
between the logs, sometimes up to the shoulder.
This was one of the drawbacks upon our enjoyment in this otherwise
pleasant country; and, having confessed as much, I may as well
admit that there were a few others which prevented us from living
in a state of absolute and unalloyed happiness. One grievance was
the cheapness of gin--a villanous kind of spirit manufactured in
the country, and on which a man could get “royal” for twopence; for
though our men were really fine fellows and generally very steady
soldiers, yet, like other Englishmen, they could not resist a social
glass nor avoid its consequences; and, indeed, if excuse it be,
they were in a measure driven to the use of this pernicious spirit
by the execrable quality of all the beer in the country, which more
resembled a mixture of cow-dung and water than anything else. The
sale of this poison took place in a small cabaret near the church,
which was usually thronged with our people every evening after
stable-hour; and, strange to say, where they mixed most sociably with
the boors, to my no small astonishment. It is a curious fact, that
upon inquiry at the sergeant-major how they could understand each
other, he replied that the Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Lincolnshire
men, who spoke very broad, could make themselves understood pretty
well, and in like manner could comprehend the Flemish of their boon
companions. Quarrels would sometimes arise in this _tabagie_, which
occasioned a temporary derangement of our tranquil life. But that
was a trifle to another grievance which stuck to us incessantly, and
was the most serious drawback we endured during our sojourn in the
valley of Strytem. I allude to the infernal and eternal frog-concert
that nightly disturbed our rest more or less, and kept us in a
constant state of irritability. For a few days we bore this curse
very philosophically, then began to war against the wretches by
pelting them with stones, firing at them with small-shot, beating
the water with poles, &c. &c., but all to no purpose, for though we
killed them by scores, yet did their numbers never appear to thin
nor their detestable “quoah, quoah” to lessen in intensity. Then we
made the wheeler construct a raft, and with this some one was always
cruising and slaying, yet still no alleviation to the evil. A council
was held, and it was determined that nothing short of draining the
moat would avail, and therefore drained it should be. Curiosity had
some hand in this decision, for we had heard that the moat contained
the largest carp ever seen--a fish several feet in length, and
weighing I know not what. The old gardener, when acquainted with our
resolve and ordered to make the necessary preparations, was perfectly
astounded, and (as did Mademoiselle and the sons) used every sort
of argument to turn us from it; amongst others, he assured us that
_l’année passée_ the Prussians had attempted to drain the moat merely
to kill all the fish--“les sacré vilains hommes!” but the stench
arising from it when low, quickly obliged them to desist. It would
not do--we were peremptory; and at length the old man opened the
voider, closed the feeder, and to our delight the work of destruction
began. Day after day the water gradually receded from the foot of
the old walls and from the opposite bank--already in many places the
oozy slime of the bottom began to appear--already we rejoiced at the
innumerable corpses of our enemies lying on it everywhere; the upper
part of the moat was already, not dry, but waterless; and we were
on the point of seeing the giant leviathan, when lo! the weather,
hitherto cool and showery, became superb, and the heat almost
insufferable. Decomposition, animal and vegetable, commenced with
alarming rapidity, and the mephitic vapours thus produced pervading
every creek and corner of the chateau, obliged us, _bongré malgré_,
to reclose the voider and reopen the feeder,--and thus terminated
_la guerre aux grenouilles_. But, alas! our punishment for having
resisted the entreaties and warnings of the old gardener was not to
close with the sluices. The same hot sun had dried up nearly all the
sources whence the moat had been fed, and many a long day of disgust
and repentance had we to endure ere the waters again covered the
odious slime sufficiently to relieve us from its nauseous stink, and
to enable the frogs to renew their song, which, when they did, was
to us a song of joy; and we had the further mortification of finding
that, with a little patience, we might have saved ourselves all the
trouble and suffering, for we had become so accustomed to it that it
fell on our ear innocuous.
But the charms of a country life have so occupied my brain as to
chase from it all recollection of being a soldier. To be sure,
professional occupations did not consume a very great portion of
our time, yet still there remain a few little items worthy of being
recorded--_imprimis_, drills. So completely is the whole of this
country (not occupied by wood) under tillage, that it was long after
our arrival at Strytem ere we discovered a spot on which we could
even draw out the troop, much less exercise it. At length, and I
cannot recollect how, we found a piece of scrubby common of some
acres in extent near the village of Denderhout, some miles off on the
other side of the Dender, and not far from Alost. Thither, then, we
repaired occasionally to practise ourselves, and prevent our people
forgetting entirely their drills. Thither also came occasionally
His Highness of Berri with his newly-formed corps of cavalry to
learn theirs. We frequently met, and as the ground was too confined
to admit of both corps working at the same time, the last comers
were obliged to dismount and wait until the others had done, for we
continued our operations when first on the ground, regardless of
the impatience of the royal drill-master, who, though he never said
anything to us, did not fail to betray, by a thousand little pettish
actions, the annoyance he felt at our want of due respect. One day
that they had got in possession and we were obliged to wait, I had a
good opportunity of seeing this curious corps and its savage leader.
The former presented a most grotesque appearance--cuirassiers,
hussars, grenadiers à cheval, and chasseurs, dragoons and lancers,
officers and privates, with a few of the new garde de corps, were
indiscriminately mingled in the ranks. One file were colonels, the
next privates, and so on, and all wearing their proper uniforms and
mounted on their proper horses, so that these were of all sizes and
colours. There might have been about two hundred men, divided into
two or three squadrons, the commanders of which were generals. The
Prince, as I have said, was drill-master. A more intemperate, brutal,
and (in his situation) impolitic one, can scarcely be conceived.
The slightest fault (frequently occasioned by his own blunders) was
visited by showers of low-life abuse--using on all occasions the most
odious language. One unfortunate squadron officer (_a general!_)
offended him, and was immediately charged with such violence that
I expected a catastrophe. Reining up his horse, however, close to
the unhappy man, his vociferation and villanous abuse were those of
a perfect madman; shaking his sabre at him, and even at one time
thrusting the pommel of it into his face, and, as far as I could see,
pushing it against his nose! Such a scene! Yet all the others sat
mute as mice, and witnessed all this humiliation of their comrade,
and the degradation of him for whom they had forsaken Napoleon.
Just at this moment one of our troop-dogs ran barking at the heels
of the Prince’s horse. Boiling with rage before, he now boiled over
in earnest, and, stooping, made a furious cut at the dog, which,
eluding the weapon, continued his annoyance. The Duke, quitting the
unfortunate _chêf d’escadron_, now turned seriously at the dog, but
he, accustomed to horses, kept circling about, yapping and snapping,
and always out of reach; and it was not until he had tired himself
with the fruitless pursuit that, foaming with rage, he returned
to his doomed squadrons, who had sat quietly looking on at this
exhibition. While all this took place, I had made acquaintance with
another general officer who appeared to be there in the capacity
of aide-de-camp--a gentlemanly sort of man, who, having been many
years in England with Louis XVIII., spoke English fluently. This man
pleased me much at the time; he was then in adversity. I met him
afterwards in prosperity--_nous verrons!_
Now that I have got on military affairs, it may be as well to record
the manner in which this country was occupied--at least as far as
my knowledge on the subject goes. First, then, headquarters of the
cavalry and horse-artillery at Ninove, where was also the principal
depôt of forage and provisions. The reason for assembling the cavalry
thus at some distance from the expected scene of operations was
the great fertility of this part of Brabant, and the facility of
communication with Alost, to which place, the Dender being navigable,
advantage could be taken of the rich Pays de Waes. The villages,
farms, &c., all round Ninove were full of troops.
Okegem.--Major M‘Donald’s troop horse-artillery.
Paemêle.--Sir Robert Gardiner’s do.
Strytem and Yseringen.--Captain Mercer’s do.
Lombeke, Notre Dame.--Captain Sinclair’s brigade of 9-pounders.
Lennik, St Martin.--Headquarters of Lieutenant-Colonel Hawker,
Royal Artillery, commanding two batteries somewhere in his
neighbourhood.
Beyond Ninove, westward, were the troops, horse-artillery, of
Majors Bull, Ramsay, and Webber Smyth--forget names of villages.
Liederkerke, Denderlue, and vicinage.--Life Guards and Blues.
Schendelbeke and Vicinage.--The three huzzar regiments, 10th,
15th, 18th.
Lebbeke, &c.--23d Light Dragoons.
Castre, &c.--16th do.
Meerbeke.--Headquarters Sir O. Vandeleur with 12th and 13th Light
Dragoons.
Grammont.--Foot Guards.
Enghien.--Foot Guards.
Schaepdale, &c.--Brunswick Infantry; all boys.
Brussels.--_The_ headquarters--92d Highlanders, Rifles,
Hanoverian infantry, and some Belgian dragoons and huzzars; grand
depôt of forage and provisions, and of artillery stores, &c. &c.
Mons.--English artillery and Dutch troops of different arms.
Assche.--Troop of Belgian horse-artillery.
Courtray, Atto, Tournay.--Believe huzzars of the K.G. Legion.
Visitors from England were at this time flocking over in great
numbers, and travelling about amongst the cantonments; but ours
was so secluded, being distant from every great road, that none of
them found us out, until Sir G. A. Wood (our Colonel commanding),
coming over to review the horse-artillery, brought with him the
Knight of Kerry and another Irish gentleman (name forgotten), who
passed a day with us in the old chateau, and were mightily pleased
with our snuggery. The inspection took place on the little common
at Denderhout. Six troops[8] were drawn out, and made a splendid
show--for finer, as to equipment, men, horses, &c. &c., could not
possibly be seen. Mine was generally allowed to be the finest (old
G), though there was some hesitation in deciding between it and
Webber Smyth’s.
The line was scarcely formed when his Royal Highness of Berri
arrived, and as usual got into a pet at finding himself forestalled.
Sir Augustus Frazer, however, with his excellent manners and as
excellent French, soothed him by expressions of regret, &c. &c.,
and stating that some of our people had come a long distance, and
unless soon despatched, would hardly be able to get home before
night. Roads bad, &c., otherwise, &c. &c. &c. The Duke cooled down,
and condescended to accompany Sir G. Wood through the ranks. We then
marched past, and off home.[9]
The French officers were all admiration and astonishment: they had
never seen anything so complete, nor any troop so mounted.
At Waterloo, on the 18th June, there were present eight troops of
British and two of Hanoverian horse-artillery. The British, as
far as I can recollect, were:--1. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hew D.
Ross’s; 2. Major Bull’s; 3. Major M‘Donald’s; 4. Major Ramsay’s; 5.
Lieutenant-Colonel Webber Smyth’s; 6. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Robert
Gardiner’s; 7. Major Beane’s; 8. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir A. Dickson,
_alias_ Captain Mercer’s; also Captain Whinyate’s rocket-troop.
These were armed as follows:--Major Bull’s, six heavy 5½-inch
howitzers; Lieutenant-Colonel Gardiner’s and W. Smith’s, five
light 6-pounders, and one light 5½-inch howitzer--these two being
attached to the hussar brigades; Captain Whinyate’s rockets and light
6-pounders; each of the others had five 9-pounders and one heavy
5½-inch howitzer; and these “heavy drags” (as we called them) were
destined, by Sir Augustus Frazer, who commanded the horse-artillery,
together with Bull’s howitzers, to form a grand battery in reserve,
to be applied as he might find occasion--a formidable reserve it
would have been. However, it never came into play in that manner;
for in the general orders of the army organising it, we were all
posted to different brigades of cavalry, consequently Frazer’s
_grande batterie_ vanished in smoke. In this allotment I fell to
the first division, Lord Edward Somerset, composed of the three
Household regiments--the Scots Greys, 1st Dragoon Guards, and 6th or
Inniskillings. We continued, however, at Strytem, neither reporting
to, nor receiving orders from, Lord Edward; nor did we ever join the
division until 21st June, near Mons, whence we marched with them to
Paris, and then again separated.
Of the field-artillery I know very little, but remember that, about
the beginning of June, Sir Augustus Frazer, who was Sir G. Wood’s
_right-hand man_, told me that, including the horse-artillery, there
were then twenty brigades of British artillery, or 120 pieces, ready
to take the field. More arrived, I believe, after this; I know
Beane’s troop of horse-artillery did. What number of Hanoverian,
Dutch, Belgic, &c., there might be, I never knew.
Whence it originated, I cannot conjecture, but, certes, much
indecision did exist about this time as to our armament. Shortly
after our arrival at Strytem, we were ordered to send our light
6-pounders to Ghent, there to be exchanged for _heavies_. These,
after a few days, were to be sent back and replaced by the
9-pounders, which eventually we kept.
These changes, whilst in progress, cost me considerable anxiety, from
the dread of a move taking place whilst my guns were absent--an
event the more to be dreaded, since the Duke never attended to any
justification if anything went wrong; nor would he have looked to my
superiors, but myself alone, and thus I should have borne the whole
weight of his anger.
At length, about the beginning of June we were complete, when my
troop establishment was as follows, viz.:--
5 guns, 9-pounders, and 1 heavy 5½-inch howitzer--8
horses each, 48
9 ammunition-waggons--viz., 1 to each piece,
and a spare one per division--6 horses each, 54
1 spare-wheel carriage--6 horses, 6
1 forge, 1 curricle-cart, 1 baggage-waggon--4
horses each, 12
---
Total in draught, 120
6 mounted detachments--8 horses each, 48
2 staff-sergeants, 2 farriers, 1 collar-maker, 5
6 officers’ horses, lent them by the Board of Ordnance, 6
6 officers’ mules, for carrying their baggage, 6
---
Total, 185
Additional horses unaccounted for above, spare, &c., 30
---
General total of animals, 215
Besides which, each officer had his own two
horses, and the surgeon one, making 11 more--so
that, including these, we had 226
===
The _personnel_ consisted of--Second Captain, Mercer, commanding;
Captain Pakenham (subsequently Newland) as Second Captain;
Lieutenants Bell, Hincks, Ingleby, and Leathes--the former acting
as adjutant to Sir A. Frazer, the latter as supernumerary; and
before we left Strytem, Ingleby exchanged with Lieutenant Breton,
and joined Sir Robert Gardiner’s troop; so that, finally, it stood:
Breton, Hincks, Leathes--surgeon, Hitchins; 2 staff-sergeants, 3
sergeants, 3 corporals, 6 bombardiers, 1 farrier, 3 shoeing smiths, 2
collar-makers, 1 wheeler, 1 trumpeter, and 1 acting do., 80 gunners,
84 drivers--the 1 acting trumpeter not included. The organisation was
in three divisions, of two subdivisions each--a subdivision being
one piece of ordnance, with its ammunition-waggon and detachment.
Each division had one spare ammunition-waggon and a proportion of
the other carriages, &c. The division was commanded by a lieutenant,
and the subdivisions, the right of the division by a sergeant, the
left by a corporal--a bombardier to each subdivision. On parade,
the 5½-inch howitzer was the right of the centre division. Perhaps
at this time a troop of horse-artillery was the completest thing in
the army; and whether broken up into half-brigades under the first
and second captains, or into divisions under their lieutenants, or
subdivisions under their sergeants and corporals, still each body was
a perfect whole.