He arrives off l'Isle Dieu. Proceeds off Rochefort 2
Reconnoitres the French ships of war under l'Isle d'Aix 3
Is joined by the Cephalus 4
Captain Maitland hears of the victory of Waterloo. On June 30 receives a communication, sent from Bourdeaux within a quill, respecting the probable flight of Buonaparte by sea 4, 5
Blockades Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and la Teste d'Arcasson 8
Destroys his prizes 9
A man and boy in a flat punt saved 10
(p. xvi)Captain Maitland watches the frigates at l'Isle d'Aix closely 11
Receives Sir Henry Hotham's instructions 12, 13, 14, 16
The Mouche schooner, with Savary and Las Cases with a flag of truce, approaches the Bellerophon 21
Secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham 21, 22, 24
Letter of Count Bertrand, announcing Napoleon's intention of sailing to North America 26
The captain's answer to Bertrand 29
Conversation with Savary and Las Cases 31
Receives private information by a row-boat 35
Captain Maitland guards the Mamusson passage 36
The white flag is hoisted at Rochelle 37, 38
The Bellerophon fires a royal salute 37
The French frigates appear ready to put to sea 38
English guard-boats continue to row near the frigates 38
British flag of truce, its colour 39
The Mouche schooner, with Las Cases and General Lallemand, returns to the Bellerophon 39, 40
Communication delivered from Napoleon 42
Captain Maitland's reply 42
Buonaparte stated to be at Rochefort, but is at l'Isle d'Aix 44
Design for effecting the escape of Buonaparte in a cask on board of a Danish vessel 45
Las Cases, with General Gourgaud, returns to the Bellerophon 46
They bring an important letter from Bertrand 47
List of Napoleon's suite 51
The Emperor's letter to H.R.H. the Prince Regent 54
Captain Maitland promises to receive Buonaparte 56
Captain Sartorius is despatched to England, with a letter from Captain Maitland, and with General Gourgaud 58
Advice of Buonaparte's wish to escape repeatedly given 62
(p. xvii)July 15, Napoleon reaches the Bellerophon, in the barge of that ship. He comes on board. His uniform described 67, 68
Napoleon cheered by the crew of l'Épervier 69
His address to Captain Maitland 69
The ship's officers are introduced to him 71
His small knowledge of English 72
He examines the Bellerophon 72
Conversations between Napoleon and Captain Maitland 73, 74, 75, 76, 90, 95, 106
Buonaparte's naval opinions 73, 74, 77
Breakfast on board the Bellerophon 78
Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham arrives off Rochefort. His conference with Captain Maitland 79, 80
The Admiral comes on board the Bellerophon 81
Conversation at dinner 83
Buonaparte's portable library and camp bed 82, 84
He breakfasts on board the Admiral's ship 85, 91
Attachment for him evinced by the officers of his suite 92, 228
The Bellerophon sets sail for Torbay 93, 96
Buonaparte speaks of Sir Sydney Smith 96
The passage to England described 98, 105, 107
Card-parties 99
The captain's despatch to Lord Keith 100
His conversation with Countess Bertrand relative to a portrait of Napoleon 103
Speaks with the Swiftsure, Captain Webley 104
Count Las Cases 107
English coast in sight 107
The Bellerophon anchors in Torbay 108
Buonaparte's exclamation on viewing the shore 108
Admiral Lord Keith's orders 109
English newspapers read by Napoleon 112
Observations of Madame Bertrand 114, 120
Persons refused admission on board the Bellerophon 115
(p. xviii)Lord Keith's approval of Captain Maitland's line of conduct 116, 117
Concourse of spectators in boats 115, 118
Remarks of Buonaparte respecting the fishermen 119
The ships sail for Plymouth 119
Observations on the breakwater 121
Communications of civility interchanged between Buonaparte and Lord Keith 117, 122
Lord Keith's precautions 123, 125
Buonaparte complains of the guard-ships 127
The Lords of the Admiralty approve of Captain Maitland's proceedings 128
Napoleon's letter to the Regent is forwarded 129
He is considered as a general officer 130
Orders received from the Admiralty 130
Sir Richard and Lady Strachan come alongside the ship 131
Napoleon's compliment on seeing Mrs Maitland 132
Admiral Lord Keith is introduced to Napoleon 134
Repugnance of the prisoners to their banishment to St Helena 129, 134
Crowd of boats round the ship 135
Buonaparte's habits on board ship 136
Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand fear proscription 137, 140, 142
Buonaparte informed that he was to be sent to St Helena 139
Sir Henry Bunbury visits him 140
He complains bitterly 141
He writes again to the Regent 142
Captain Maitland's letter favourable to Savary and Lallemand 145, 152
Buonaparte shows himself on deck 147
Countess Bertrand much agitated at the thoughts of her husband going to St Helena 149
Lallemand is reproved by Captain Maitland 150
(p. xix)Buonaparte's assertion that "he would not go to St Helena" 148, 151, 164
Extravagant conversation of the attendant generals 151
Mr O'Meara 153
Countess Bertrand attempts to cast herself into the sea 153
Her retrospect of Buonaparte's conduct 154, 156
Her impatience. She writes to Lord Keith 155
She is overheard by the generals 157
Buonaparte's inquiries as to St Helena 158
Report of an attempt to escape 159
Rumour of an intention of serving a Habeas Corpus to bring Buonaparte ashore 162
Ship prepared for sea 162
The Northumberland ordered to convey Buonaparte 162
The Bellerophon weighs anchor 164
Service of a subpœna on Buonaparte frustrated by keeping the lawyer at bay 165
Note respecting writs of Habeas Corpus and subpœnas 165
Buonaparte again writes to the Regent 168
He keeps entirely to the cabin; prepares a protest 169
Buonaparte's protest 170
He declares himself to be the guest of England, and no prisoner 171
Captain Maitland's observations thereon 174
Conversation on this subject with Count Las Cases 176
Buonaparte speaks of the Army of the Loire, and of his party 178
Mr O'Meara requested by Buonaparte to become his surgeon 179
The Northumberland in sight 180
Arms required to be delivered up 181
Lists of articles essential for the Trench officers and ladies forwarded to Plymouth 182
Sir George Cockburn is introduced to Buonaparte 182
Buonaparte permitted to wear his sword 183
(p. xx)He requests an interview with Captain Maitland 183
He expresses his wish of living on a small estate in England 185
He speaks in favour of Savary and Lallemand 185
Captain Maitland's letter to Count Bertrand 186
Lord Keith's order to the captain to deliver up General Buonaparte and others 187
General Gourgaud 190
Countess Bertrand's remonstrances 192
A misunderstanding and reconciliation 193
Napoleon returns thanks to Captain Maitland 194
He speaks with regard of Count Bertrand 195
Search of the baggage 196
The box of money temporarily taken charge of 197
Parting of Buonaparte with the captain 200
Buonaparte, accompanying Admiral Lord Keith, quits the Bellerophon 200
Count Montholon's polite intimation to Captain Maitland 201
The captain declines the present of a portrait 202
Savary and Lallemand; their affecting parting with Napoleon in the presence of Captain Maitland 203
The Northumberland sails for St Helena 204
Description of Napoleon Buonaparte 205
His manners and conversation 206
Anecdotes 207, 210, 215, 216
He speaks of his wife and his son 211
Their pictures 211, 212
Conversation respecting Kleber and Dessaix 213
Napoleon's resources in money 214
The midshipmen act plays 217
Buonaparte's observations on the British cavalry, and relative to the Duke of Wellington 218, 219
Character of Count Bertrand 222
Countess Bertrand, a daughter of General Dillon 222
Savary, Duke of Rovigo, described 224
(p. xxi)Savary, Lallemand, and Planat are sent to Malta, and allowed to go to Smyrna 225
Character of Lallemand 225
Count and Countess Montholon 226
Count Las Cases and his son 227
APPENDIX.
On what terms Captain Maitland received Buonaparte on board his ship; and documents relating thereto 231
ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
1. List of officers borne on the books of H.M.S. Bellerophon in July 1815 241
2. Letter from Ephraim Graebke, assistant-surgeon on board the Bellerophon, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's surrender, dated July 30, 1815 242
3. Extracts from Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of the Bellerophon [George Home] 246
(p. xxiii) ILLUSTRATIONS.
Portrait of Sir Frederick Maitland
Frontispiece From an engraving by Henry Meyer, after Samuel Woodford, R.A.
Portrait of Lady Maitland
lxviii From a miniature at Lindores.
Chart of the Basque Roads 1
Portrait of Napoleon
68 From a sketch taken on board the Bellerophon by Colonel Planat.
Napoleon on board the Bellerophon
108 From the picture by W. Q. Orchardson, R.A., in the Tate Gallery.
H.M.S. Bellerophon at Plymouth
132 From the picture by J. J. Chalon, R.A., in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.
Tumbler given to Captain Maitland by Napoleon
202 Photograph from the original at Lindores.
Facsimile of part of Sir Walter Scott's Notes on the "Narrative"
230 Photograph from the original at Lindores.
MILITARY CAREER OF NAPOLEON THE GREAT
By Montgomery B. Gibbs
CONTENTS
Chapter I.
Page
Boyhood Days and Early Career 9
Chapter II.
Bonaparte's Campaign in Italy, 1796-7 45
Chapter III.
Expedition to Egypt 107
Chapter IV.
Passage of the Alps and Battle of Marengo 141
Chapter V.
Ulm and Austerlitz 175
Chapter VI.
The Battle of Jena 211
Chapter VII.
The Battle of Eylau 230
Chapter VIII.
Friedland and Peace of Tilsit 241
Chapter IX.
War with Spain 253
[6]
Chapter X.
War with Austria. 1809 274
Chapter XI.
The Battle of Wagram 288
Chapter XII.
Campaign of Russia 305
Chapter XIII.
The Campaign of 1813 347
Chapter XIV.
The Invasion of France 373
Chapter XV.
Exile to Elba 409
Chapter XVI.
The Hundred Days. Waterloo 435
Chapter XVII.
Conclusion 489
Index 507
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
Napoleon Bonaparte "Snuff-Box" Portrait Frontispiece
Bonaparte at the Siege of Toulon 11
Bonaparte Escapes Capture at Lonato 27
Bonaparte at the Bridge of Arcola 43
Bonaparte at the Battle of Rivoli 59
Bonaparte and the Sleeping Sentinel 75
Bonaparte at the Battle of St. George 91
Siege of Mantua 107
Bonaparte as General-in-Chief of the Army of Italy 123
Battle of the Pyramids 139
Bonaparte at the Siege of Acre 155
Return of the French Army from Syria 171
Napoleon Crossing the Alps 187
French Troops Crossing the Great St. Bernard 203
Capitulation of General Mack at Ulm 219
Battle of Austerlitz 235
Meeting Between Napoleon and Francis II. of Austria 251
Napoleon at the Battle of Jena 267
Entry of Napoleon Into Berlin 283
Napoleon at the Battle of Eylau 299[8]
The 14th line at Eylau 315
Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland 331
Review of Troops in the Place du Carrousel, Paris 347
Insurrection in Madrid 363
Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram 379
Arrival of the Grand Army At Moscow 395
Retreat From Moscow, "1812" 411
Departure of Napoleon for Paris 427
Return of Napoleon from Elba 443
Napoleon on the Heights at Ligny 459
Preparations for the Advance of the Old Guard at Waterloo 475
Napoleon at Waterloo 491
THE OFFICER'S MANUAL
NAPOLEON'S MAXIMS OF WAR
CONTENTS
RECOMMENDATION.
PREFACE.
NAPOLEON'S
MAXIM I.
MAXIM II.
MAXIM III.
MAXIM IV.
MAXIM V.
MAXIM VI.
MAXIM VII.
MAXIM VIII.
MAXIM IX.
MAXIM X.
MAXIM XI.
MAXIM XII.
MAXIM XIII.
MAXIM XIV.
MAXIM XV.
MAXIM XVI.
MAXIM XVII.
MAXIM XVIII.
MAXIM XIX.
MAXIM XX.
MAXIM XXI.
MAXIM XXII.
MAXIM XXIII.
MAXIM XXIV.
MAXIM XXV.
MAXIM XXVI.
MAXIM XXVII.
MAXIM XXVIII.
MAXIM XXIX.
MAXIM XXX.
MAXIM XXXI.
MAXIM XXXII.
MAXIM XXXIII.
MAXIM XXXIV.
MAXIM XXXV.
MAXIM XXXVI.
MAXIM XXXVII.
MAXIM XXXVIII.
MAXIM XXXIX.
MAXIM XL.
MAXIM XLI.
MAXIM XLII.
MAXIM XLIII.
MAXIM XLIV.
MAXIM XLV.
MAXIM XLVI.
MAXIM XLVII.
MAXIM XLVIII.
MAXIM XLIX.
MAXIM L.
MAXIM LI.
MAXIM LII.
MAXIM LIII.
MAXIM LIV.
MAXIM LV.
MAXIM LVI.
MAXIM LVII.
MAXIM LVIII.
MAXIM LIX.
MAXIM LX.
MAXIM LXI.
MAXIM LXII.
MAXIM LXIII.
MAXIM LXIV.
MAXIM LXV.
MAXIM LXVI.
MAXIM LXVII.
MAXIM LXVIII.
MAXIM LXIX.
MAXIM LXX.
MAXIM LXXI.
MAXIM LXXII.
MAXIM LXXIII.
MAXIM LXXIV.
MAXIM LXXV.
MAXIM LXXVI.
MAXIM LXXVII.
MAXIM LXXVIII.
Transcriber's Notes
THE STORY OF NAPOLEON
By Harold F. B. Wheeler
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
I. Napoleon the Boy 15
II. The Schooldays of Napoleon 21
III. Napoleon as Officer and Author 29
IV. Napoleon and the Corsican Volunteers 41
V. The Eve of the Reign of Terror 47
VI. Napoleon's First Fight with the English 57
VII. Napoleon the Soldier of Fortune 65
VIII. "The Spark of Great Ambition" 74
IX. The Italian Campaign 82
X. The Expedition to Egypt 91
XI. From Cairo to Fréjus 99
XII. How Napoleon Seized the Reins of Government 106
XIII. The Passage of the Alps 111
XIV. Blessings of Peace 124
XV. The Dawn of the Empire 131
XVI. The Threatened Invasion of England and its Sequel 138
XVII. The War of the Third Coalition 146
XVIII. The Prussian Campaign 155
XIX. The Polish Campaign 168
XX. Friedland and Tilsit 174
12XXI. Napoleon's Commercial War with Great Britain 181
XXII. The Genesis of the Peninsular War 192
XXIII. Glory at Erfurt and Humiliation in Spain 206
XXIV. The Austrian Campaign 219
XXV. The Austrian Campaign—Continued 233
XXVI. The War in Poland and Tyrol 241
XXVII. A Broken Friendship and What it Brought 253
XXVIII. The Russian Campaign 265
XXIX. The Triumphal Entry into Moscow—and after 276
XXX. The March of Humiliation 284
XXXI. The Beginning of the End—The Leipzig Campaign 291
XXXII. The Conquest of the Conqueror 302
Index 315
ILLUSTRATIONS
Napoleon I., Emperor of the French J. L. David Frontispiece
PAGE
Napoleon at Brienne Réalier Dumas 24
"It is the Emperor!" H. de T. Glazebrook 86
Installation of Napoleon as First Consul L. Couder 108
The Death of General Desaix A. Le Dru 118
On the Sands at Boulogne A. C. Gow, R.A. 132
Napoleon giving the Eagles to his Army L. David 140
Napoleon Decorating his Soldiers at Boulogne F. G. Roussel 146
The Night before Austerlitz A. Dawant 152
The Battle of Friedland Horace Vernet 176
The Retreat from Moscow V. Werestchagin 266
After Moscow: "Advance or Retreat?" V. Werestchagin 280
Marshal Ney defending the Rear-Guard Adolphe Yvon 288
1814 J. L. E. Meissonier 302
The Flight from Waterloo A. C. Gow, R.A. 308
Napoleon on Board the Bellerophon Sir W. Q. Orchardson, R.A. 312
"1812" NAPOLEON I IN RUSSIA
By Vassili Verestchagin
Illustrated from Sketches and Paintings by the Author
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
On Progress in Art 16
Realism 24
I Napoleon 53
II The Burning of Moscow 180
III The Cossacks 220
IV The Grande Armée 227
V The Marshals 256
FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
Vassili Verestchagin Frontispiece
A Dispatch 72
Russian Grenadiers 78
At Borodino 92
Looking towards Moscow 108
Disillusion 128
On the Way Home 145
Bivouac 155
Despair 162
At a Council of War 176
Armed Peasant 186
In a Russian Church 197
Ney and the Staff 252
ENGLAND AND NAPOLEON
(1801-1815)
Compiled By S. E. Winbolt
CONTENTS
DATE TITLE PAGE
Introduction v
1801. Battle of the Baltic Campbell 1
1801. State of Ireland "Diary of Lord Colchester" 3
1801. Golf and Football Strutt 8
1802. Party Speeches of Sheridan and Canning Stanhope 9
1803-1815. Typical Vessels of the Royal Navy Clowes 13
1803. Desire for Pitt's Return to Office Stanhope 15
1803. Canning on Addington Stanhope 17
1803. Notes by Pitt on the War, Germany, and Napoleon Stanhope 18
1803. Gun-boats for Defence "Diaries of George Rose" 20
1804. The Poor in Manufacturing Towns "Gentleman's Magazine" 21
1804. Wheat, Flour, and Bread "Gentleman's Magazine" 24
1805. England and the Mediterranean (I.) Pitt 25
England and the Mediterranean (II.) Nelson 26
1805. The Blow that Killed Pitt (I.) Pitt 27
The Blow that Killed Pitt (II.) Canning 28
1805. Routine on a British Man-of-War Clowes 29
1805. Nelson's Plan for Trafalgar Clowes 32
1805. Trafalgar Southey{viii} 34
1806. The Younger Pitt Scott 43
1806. Ministry of All the Talents Earl of Malmesbury 44
1806. Military Plans Lord Colchester 46
1807. Catholic Emancipation (I.) Lord Colchester 47
Catholic Emancipation (II.) Malmesbury 50
1807. Party Politics Leigh Hunt 52
1807. Berlin Decrees Colchester 53
1809. Corunna (I.) Colchester 55
Corunna (II.) Charles Wolfe 55
1809. Public Economy "Diaries of George Rose" 57
1809. Resignation of Portland Colchester 58
1809. Duel of Canning and Castlereagh Colchester 59
1806-1809. Military Expenses Colchester 60
1809. Talavera: Protest by Lords Protests of the Lords 61
1810. Walcheren Expedition Colchester 62
1810. Wellington's Difficulties in Spain Wellington's Despatches 65
1811. The Regency Colchester 71
1811. Fête at Carlton House Colchester 73
1812. Weaving Machines Byron's Letters 76
1812. Badajoz Wellington's Despatches 79
1812. Murder of Perceval Colchester 84
1812. Sheridan's Last Utterances in the House Moore 85
1813. Sir Stapleton Cotton's Military Services Colchester 86
1813. Vittoria Wellington's Despatches 87
1814. Deposition of Napoleon Byron's Letters 95
1814. Capture of Toulouse Wellington's Despatches 96
1814. Duke of Wellington's Thanks Colchester 102
1814. Negotiations with Buonaparte Southey 105
1815. Interview with Napoleon in Elba Vivian 109
1815. Waterloo Wellington's Despatches 112
MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE, EXILE,
AND CONVERSATIONS, OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON
By The Count De Las Cases
ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME I.
PAGE.
Portrait of the Emperor Napoleon, to face the title.
Napoleon on board the Bellerophon 26
Portrait of Charles Bonaparte 66
Portrait of Letizia Bonaparte 69
Residence of the Emperor at Longwood 264
VOLUME II.
Portrait of the Empress Josephine, to face the title.
Portrait of Marshal Bertrand 33
Map of Saint Helena 39
Portrait of Prince Talleyrand 64
Eugene Beauharnois claiming his Father's Sword 186
VOLUME III.
Portrait of Sir Hudson Lowe, to face the title.
Ground Plan of Longwood 21
The House in which Napoleon was Born 113
The Burning of Moscow 164
Napoleon's Return from Elba 302
VOLUME IV.
Portrait of Count De Las Cases, to face the title.
Napoleon at Saint Helena 149
Death of Napoleon 386
Statue of Napoleon on the Place Vendome 388
Tomb of Napoleon 399
MEMOIRS OF GENERAL COUNT RAPP
FIRST AIDE-DE-CAMP TO NAPOLEON
Written By Himself, And Published By His Family
CONTENTS
Chapter I.-Commencement of the Author's military career.-His promotion.-Certificate from Desaix.-Good fortune in Egypt.-Introduction to, and character of, Napoleon.-Servile conduct of the old nobility. 1
Chap. II.-Napoleon's temper.-His flatterers.-His clemency. 8
Chap. III.-Napoleon's attachment to his family.-Lucien's opposition to the views of Napoleon.-Napoleon's bounty to Rapp.-Rapp's intercession for Requier and Damas.-Is unsuccessful.-Writes to Requier.-Letter intercepted and carried to Napoleon.-The Emperor greatly incensed at it.-Rapp apologizes.-Is restored to favour.-Marries.-Bernadotte's disgrace with the Emperor.-His restoration to favour. 12
Chap. IV.-Napoleon's courage.-Infernal machine.-The Emperor's escape. 19
Chap. V.-Napoleon's readiness to receive advice.-His contempt for ignorance.-His partiality to the game of vingt et un. 22
Chap. VI.-The third Austrian war.-The French victorious.-The Austrian army shut up in Ulm.-Summoned to surrender.-Negotiation conducted by M. de Segur.-The enemy surrender.-Napoleon's joy. 26
[Pg ii] Chap. VII.-The remainder of the Austrians pursued.-Defeated by Murat.-Werneck's capitulation; disregarded by Count Hohenzollern.-Correspondence.-Napoleon's proclamation. 40
Chap. VIII.-The French march towards Vienna.-The Russians defeated.-Napoleon's instructions to Murat on the occupation of Vienna. 50
Chap. IX.-Anecdote of the Emperor and Madame de Brunny.-The advance of the French troops.-Stratagem in crossing the Danube.-Austerlitz.-The advance-guard of the French repulsed by the Russians.-The Russians completely defeated.-Rapp wounded.-His promotion.-Napoleon's kindness to him.-His recovery.-The Emperor's instructions to Rapp.-Peace concluded. 54
Chap. X.-The conduct of Prussia.-Rapp's mission.-Its object.-His return.-The Grand Duchess of Darmstadt offends the Emperor.-Her punishment.-The French troops attacked by some Prussian detachments.-Rapp's appointment to the command of the military division at Strasburg.-He receives instructions.-The Emperor arrives at Mentz.-Rapp joins him at Wurtzburg.-His mission to the Grand Duke of Baden.-The impatience of the Prussian Generals to commence the war.-Character of Prince Louis.-Demand of Prussia.-Napoleon's proclamation.-Prussians defeated at Schleitz.-Rapp sent to the King of Prussia.-Recalled.-Mission of De Montesquiou.-His treatment. 66
Chap. XI.-The calculations of the Duke of Brunswick.-He is disconcerted at the movement of the French.-Manouvres.-Napoleon issues orders.-Battle of Auerstadt and Jena.-The French victorious.-Rapp instructed to pursue the Russians.-He enters Weimar.-The King of Prussia makes overtures.-Napoleon's conduct.-He sends Duroc to visit the wounded.-Head-quarters [Pg iii] established at Weimar.-Movements of the enemy.-Attacked and routed by Bernadotte at Halle.-Napoleon visits the field of battle.-Goes to Dessau.-His treatment of the old Duke. 79
Chap. XII.-The Prussians closely pursued by the French.-Surrender of a corps before Magdeburg.-Misfortunes of Prussia.-The French prepare to march on Berlin.-Napoleon's instructions to Davoust. 89
Chap. XIII.-The French set out for Potsdam.-Anecdote of the Emperor and a female native of Egypt.-State of Potsdam.-Flight of the Court.-Deputations to the Emperor.-Their reception.-Napoleon's observations to the Duke of Brunswick's envoy.-Head-quarters at Charlotteenburg-Napoleon's proclamation. 93
Chap. XIV.-Napoleon reviews the third corps.-Effect of the proclamation on the troops.-Surrender of 25,000 Prussians.-The Duke of Weimar abandons his command.-Blucher surrenders.-Napoleon's despatch to General Belliard.-Blucher allowed to retire to Hamburg. 101
Chap. XV.-Arrest of Prince Hatzfeld as a spy.-Napoleon's determination to have him executed.-Intercession for him.-The release of the Prince.-His letter to Count Rapp.-Embassies to the Emperor.-Rapp authorised to settle the affairs of the Court of Weimar.-The Duke permitted to return to his estates.-His letter of thanks to Rapp. 107
Chap. XVI.-Surrender of the Prussian fortresses.-Arrest of the Prince of Wurtemberg.-Head-quarters at Posen.-State of Poland.-Entry into Warsaw.-The Emperor's reception.-Anecdotes of the Poles and of the French soldiers.-Passage of the Vistula. 114
[Pg iv]Chap. XVII.-Affairs with the Russians.-Battle of Pultusk.-Rapp's wounds.-His appointment to the government of Thorn.-Blucher's letter to him.-He intercedes for Blucher.-Is made Governor of Dantzic.-Contributions levied.-Napoleon's dissatisfaction with Prussia. 124
Chap. XVIII.-Fourth Austrian war (1809.)-Battle of Esslingen.-Schill's insurrection.-Napoleon's feeling.-Battle of Wagram.-Rapp's accident.-Rapp obtains the pardon of some conspirators. 136
Chap. XIX.-Attempt of a young German to assassinate Napoleon.-Conversation and conduct of the assassin. 141
Chap. XX.-Execution of the young German.-Peace concluded.-Rapp's reception in Munich.-Situation of Bavaria.-Trait of the King of Wurtemberg.-Napoleon's return to Fontainebleau. 147
Chap. XXI.-Divorce of Josephine.-Marriage of Napoleon and Maria-Louisa.-Napoleon displeased with Rapp; sends him to Dantzic.-Rapp at Dantzic.-Character of his garrison.-He gives offence to the Russian Resident. 151
Chap. XXII.-Napoleon's dissatisfaction with Rapp, for evading the anti-commercial decrees.-Douane established at Dantzic.-Discontent in the North of Germany.-Rapp's representations.-Napoleon's ignorance of the German Character. 158
Chap. XXIII.-Napoleon repairs to Dantzic.-Conversation between the Emperor and Rapp. 164
Chap. XXIV.-Napoleon proceeds to Konigsberg.-His intentions.-The advance of the French troops. Their arrival at Wilna.-Commencement of the Russian war. 168
Chap. XXV.-Flight of the Russians.-Their rear-guard defeated by the King of Naples.-His report of the engagement.-Dispute [Pg v] between the King of Westphalia and Vandamme. 171
Chap. XXVI.-Rapp leaves Dantzic.-State of the roads.-Arrives at Wilna.-Opening of the Polish Diet.-Speech of the President.-Eloquence and negotiations of the Abbé de Pradt. 176
Chap. XXVII.-Activity of the Emperor.-His instructions to Hautpoult.-Distress of the army.-Hopes of Napoleon.-The Russian Patriarch's denunciation of the French. 186
Chap. XXVIII.-Battle of Smolensko.-Escape of the Russian army.-Junot's inactivity.-He is in disgrace with the Emperor.-Intercessions in his favour.-Rapp named for the command of the Westphalian corps, instead of Junot.-Character of Junot.-He is allowed to resume his command.-Irruption of Tormasoff.-Napoleon's instructions to the Duke de Belluno. 190
Chap. XXIX.-Kutusow takes the command of the Russian army.-His qualifications; his losses.-Rapp sent to reconnoitre.-Napoleon's conversation before the battle of Borodino.-Proclamation. 197
Chap. XXX.-Battle of Borodino.-Rapp's wounds. 204
Chap. XXXI.-Retreat of the Russians.-Occupation and burning of Moscow. 209
Chap. XXXII.-The Emperor's delay at Moscow; its motives and consequences.-His instructions to the Duke de Belluno.-Deplorable state of the French army.-Rapp's recovery.-The Emperor's anxiety about the wounded. 213
Chap. XXXIII.-Retreat of the French.-The Emperor's despatch to Mortier.-Battle at Malojaroslawitz.-Napoleon visits the field of battle.-Surprised by some Cossacks.-Rapp's conduct: the Emperor loads him with eulogiums.-General Winzengerode taken prisoner.-His treatment. 221
[Pg vi]Chap. XXXIV.-Deplorable condition of the French.-Mallet's conspiracy.-The Emperor's surprise.-The French cross the Borysthenes.-Attacked by the Russians.-Retreat of the French.-Marshal Ney's courage. 230
Chap. XXXV.-Continuation of the Retreat.-Capture of Witepsk.-Loss of the magazines.-State of the weather.-Disasters of the French.-Attacked by the Cossacks. 235
Chap. XXXVI.-The Emperor's solicitude for Ney.-Receives information of his escape from the Russians.-Embarrassment of the French.-Battle of the Beresina.-Surrender of Partonneau's division.-Retreat of the French upon Wilna.-Napoleon sets out for Paris.-His instructions.-Rapp proceeds to Dantzic. 242
Chap. XXXVII.-Description of the town and garrison of Dantzic.-Rapp's preparations.-His difficulties.-Losses of the garrison by disease.-Scarcity of provisions.-Breaking up of the ice. 254
Chap. XXXVIII.-Conduct of the Allies.-General Detrées sent to reconnoitre.-Skirmishes between the French and Allies.-The Russians defeated at Langfuhr, and Ohra. 262
Chap. XXXIX.-Destructive ravages of the epidemic.-Expedition against Quadendorf.-Defeat of the Russians.-Ignorance of the garrison of the progress of events.-The epidemic disappears.-The Russian signals set on fire.-Attempts to seduce the troops of the garrison.-Review of the garrison on the glacis. 271
Chap. XL.-The garrison's efforts to obtain provisions; its difficulties.-Rapp sends an expedition into the Nerhung.-Is successful.-He demands a loan from the Dantzickers.-Accusation against the senator Piegeleau.-Conduct of the Duke of Wurtemberg.-News of the victories of Lutzen [Pg vii] and Bautzen.-Its effect on the French troops.-The Russians defeated.-The Allies solicit an armistice.-Rapp receives the ribbon of the order of La Réunion.-Napoleon's despatch to Rapp. 282
Chap. XLI.-Conditions of the armistice.-Duke of Wurtemberg raises obstacles to the fulfilment of them.-His subterfuges.-Rapp's letter to the Prince de Neuchâtel.-Scarcity of provisions.-Recommencement of hostilities. 292
Chap. XLII.-Attempts of the besiegers.-Engagement between the garrison and the Russians at the advanced posts.-Details.-A second engagement.-The Russians take Langfuhr.-Their intentions.-Rapp's preparations.-Ohra put in a state of defence.-The Russians attack Kabrun.-Their fleet fire on the French batteries; but are repulsed.-Overflowing of the Vistula.-Combined attack by the land and sea forces of the besiegers. 303
Chap. XLIII.-Severity of the weather.-Scarcity of provisions.-Attack of the Russians.-Their defeat.-Situation, and plan of operations.-State of Dantzic, the magazines, and the surrounding fortresses.-Condition of the garrison.-Disaffection of the German troops.-Means used to decoy them.-Rapp capitulates.-The Emperor Alexander annuls the capitulation.-Rapp protests and surrenders. 323
Chap. XLIV.-The garrison taken prisoners to Kiow.-Their liberation.-The state of France in 1814.-Rapp's treatment at Court.-The return from Elba.-Conversation between Napoleon and Rapp.-Rapp's appointment to the command of the army of the Upper Rhine.-Napoleon's arrangements.-His letter to the allied Sovereigns.-Rapp sets out for Alsace.-State of public feeling.-Enthusiasm of the women at Mulhausen. 337
[Pg viii]Chap. XLV.-Preparations of the Allies.-Napoleon's letter to Rapp.-Rapp receives fresh funds.-The Emperor's despatch to Rapp. 352
Chap. XLVI.-Amount and division of the French troops.-Rapp receives news of the battle of Waterloo.-His determination.-Rapp's advanced posts attacked.-Movements of the Allies.-The success of the French.-Their retreat. 357
Chap. XLVII.-Effect of the news of the battle of Waterloo.-Disposition of Rapp's troops.-Battle of Lampertheim.-Designs of the Allies.-Rapp throws himself into Strasburg.-Prince of Wurtemberg's conduct.-Military convention signed. 364
Chap. XLVIII.-Mutiny of the garrison of Strasburg.-A description of their conduct.-Dissolution of the army.-Rapp's letter to the King.-Its effect.-Rapp's death.-Conclusion. 375
APPENDIX.
Letter from General Rapp to the Duke of Wurtemberg. 405
Answer 407
Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to his Excellency Count Rapp. 409
Answer 410
Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Count Rapp. 411
Answer 413
Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Rapp. 415
Capitulation of Dantzic. 417
Letter from the Duke of Wurtemberg to General Rapp. 424
Answer 426
Letter from Count Rapp to the Duke of Wurtemberg. 428
To the same. 430
NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812
By Edward Foord
Illustrated
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. The Preliminaries 1
II. Napoleon's Army and its Generals 20
III. The Russian Army and its Generals 41
IV. The First Stage of the Campaign. Operations from Kovno to Vitebsk 59
V. The Operations about Smolensk 108
VI. The Operations in Volhynia and on the Düna 159
VII. Smolensk to Borodino 183
VIII. The Occupation and Destruction of Moscow 220
IX. The French Sojourn in Moscow 241
X. The First Stages of the Retreat 263
XI. The Operations in Napoleon's Rear during September and October 286
XII. The French Retreat. Maloyaroslavetz to Orsha 307
XIII. Orsha to the Berezina 344
XIV. Conclusion of the Campaign. Losses and Results 374
Appendices A to E 392
Bibliography 405
Index 409
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Bad News from Paris
2. The Emperor Alexander I of Russia
3. Prince Eugène, Son of the ex-Empress Josephine
4. Details of the Uniforms of the Infantry of the French Army in 1812
5. Marshal Davout
6. Prince Joseph Anthony Poniatowski, Nephew of Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland
7. Field-Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly
8. Field-Marshal Prince Golénischev-Kutuzov
9. General Prince Bagration, Commander of the Second Russian Army in 1812
10. Joachim Murat, King of Naples
11. The Old Fortifications of Smolensk
12. Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio
13. The First Battle of Polotsk
14. General of Cavalry Count Platov
15. Marshal Ney
16. Moscow from the Sparrow Hills
17. Napoleon's First View of Moscow
18. Napoleon Watching the Burning of Moscow
19. The Kremlin, Moscow
20. Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno
21. The Church of Vasilii Blagorennyi at Moscow
22. The Council of War after the Battle of Maloyaroslavetz
23. Marshal Gouvion St. Cyr
24. Count Wittgenstein
25. Armed Russian Peasants in Ambush in the Woods waiting to cut off French Stragglers
26. The Retreat of the French from Moscow
27. Russian Grenadiers Pursuing the French Army
28. Napoleon, Berthier, Murat, and Rapp (in the order named) round camp fire
29. General Baron Eblé
30. Crossing the Berezina
31. Marshal Ney Supporting the Rear-guard during the Retreat from Moscow
32. Napoleon's Travelling Kitchen
MAPS AND PLANS
Plan of Battle of Saltanovka
" " Smolensk
" " Lubino
" " Gorodeczna
" " Borodino
" " Vinkovo
" " Maloyaroslavetz
" " Polotsk (2nd)
" Order of French Retreat, October 31
" Battle of Viasma
" " Krasnoï
" Passage of the Berezina
" Battle of Polotsk (1st)
Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at opening of campaign and movements on both sides up to occupation of Moscow (folding, at end of volume)
Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at the evacuation of Moscow and movements on both sides to the end of the campaign (folding, at end of volume)
THE N A P O L E O N GALLERY
Illustrations Of The Life And Times
Of The Emperor Of France
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
I. The Action at St. Roche's
II. Entering Milan
III. "What a Lesson for Man!"
IV. The Battle of Rivoli
V. Napoleon at Lonato
VI. Defending the Redoubt of Monte Legino
VII. Preliminaries of the Peace of Leoben
VIII. Crossing the Bridge at Arcola
IX. The Cisalpine Republic
X. The Battle of the Pyramids
XI. The Revolt of Cairo
XII. The Fight at Benouth
XIII. The Speech at the Pyramids
XIV. "All whom I command are my Children"
XV. Buonaparte pardoning the Rebels at Cairo
XVI. The Plague of Jaffa
XVII. "You are the Greatest of Men!"
XVIII. Napoleon inscribing his Name on Mount Sinai
XIX. Napoleon at Malmaison
XX. The Battle of Marengo
XXI. The Battle of Aboukir
XXII. The Review by the First Consul
XXIII. Buonaparte at Mount St. Bernard
XXIV. The Death of Desaix
XXV. The Coronation of Napoleon
XXVI. The First Corps crossing the Maine
XXVII. The Fourth Corps at Donawerth
XXVIII. The Emperor's Arrival at Augsburg
XXIX. Napoleon crowned King of Italy
XXX. Napoleon crossing the Rhine at Kehl
XXXI. The Fourth Corps entering Augsburg
XXXII. Napoleon addresses the Army
XXXIII. The Surrender of Ulm
XXXIV. Napoleon receiving the Keys of Vienna
XXXV. The Morning of Austerlitz
XXXVI. Presentation of Austrian Ensigns to the French Senate
XXXVII. The Seventy-sixth Regiment recovering its Colors
XXXVIII. The Night before the Battle of Austerlitz
XXXIX. The Battle of Austerlitz
XL. Napoleon's Interview with the Austrian Emperor
XLI. Statues on the Column of the Grand Army
XLII. The Duchess of Weimar and Napoleon
XLIII. Napoleon receiving the Deputies of the Senate
XLIV. The Sword of Frederick the Great
XLV. The Battle of Jena
XLVI. Marshal Ney at Elchingen
XLVII. Napoleon's Clemency
XLVIII. The Field of Battle at Eylau
XLIX. The Battle of Friedland
L. The Simplon Pass
LI. Battle of Essling
LII. Napoleon wounded at Ratisbon
LIII. "The Combat at Somo Sierra"
LIV. Napoleon's Interview with the Prussian Queen
LV. The Retreat from Moscow
LVI. The Death of the Duke of Montebello
LVII. Napoleon at the Tomb of Frederick the Great
LVIII. The Peasant of the Rhine
LIX. The Redoubt of Kabrunn
LX. "Is it True that Things are going so badly?"
LXI. The Battle of Moscow
LXII. The Skirmish
LXIII. "Every one to his own Calling"
LXIV. The Death of Poniatowski
LXV. Napoleon at Lutzen
LXVI. The Battle of Montmirail
LXVII. Napoleon at Montereau
LXVIII. Napoleon's Farewell at Fontainbleau
LXIX. The Battle of Hainau
LXX. Napoleon at Arcis-sur-Aube
LXXI. Filial Anxiety of a Conscript
LXXII. The Turnpike of Clichy
LXXIII. The Return from Elba
LXXIV. Napoleon at Charleroi
LXXV. Napoleon at Waterloo
LXXVI. Napoleon saluting Wounded Foes
LXXVII. Napoleon in 1815
LXXVIII. Taking the Oath of Allegiance
LXXIX. A Soldier's Farewell
LXXX. A Soldier at Waterloo
LXXXI. A Field Hospital
LXXXII. Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile
LXXXIII. Death-bed of Napoleon
LXXXIV. Napoleon as Lieutenant-Colonel
LXXXV. The Triumphal Column
LXXXVI. Statue of Napoleon by Chaudet
LXXXVII. Apotheosis
LXXXVIII. Napoleon, Emperor
LXXXIX. The Death-mask of Napoleon
XC. The Funeral Procession at the Arc de Triomphe
XCI. Esplanade of the Hotel des Invalides
XCII. The Catafalque, Dôme des Invalides
XCIII. The Funeral Car
XCIV. Opening the Casket
XCV. Royal Court of the Hotel des Invalides
A LIFE of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
With A Sketch Of Josephine,
Empress Of The French
By Ida M. Tarbell
CONTENTS
THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON:
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Youth and Early Surroundings.-School Days at Brienne 17
II. In Paris.-Lieutenant of Artillery.-Literary Work.-The Revolution 27
III. Robespierre.-Out of Work.-First Success 43
IV. Courtship and Marriage.-Devotion To Josephine 53
V. Italian Campaign.-Rules of War 61
VI. Return To Paris.-Egyptian Campaign.-The 18th Brumaire 89
VII. Statesman and Lawgiver.-The Finances.-The Industries.-The Public Works 105
VIII. Return of the Émigrés.-The Concordat.-Legion of Honor.-Code Napoleon 119
IX. Opposition to the Centralization of the Government.-Prosperity of France 133
X. Preparations for War with England.-Flotilla at Boulogne.-Sale of Louisiana 143
XI. Emperor of the French People.-King of Italy 151
XII. Campaigns of 1805, 1806, 1807.-Peace of Tilsit 163
XIII. Extension of Napoleon's Empire.-Family Affairs 179
XIV. Berlin Decree.-Peninsular War.-The Bonapartes on the Spanish Throne 191
XV. Disasters in Spain.-Erfurt Meeting.-Napoleon at Madrid 199
8XVI. Talleyrand's Treachery.-Campaign of 1809 211
XVII. Divorce of Josephine.-Marriage with Marie Louise.-Birth of the King of Rome. 221
XVIII. Trouble with the Pope.-The Conscription.-The Tilsit Agreement Broken 229
XIX. Russian Campaign.-Burning of Moscow.-A New Army 241
XX. Campaign of 1813.-Campaign of 1814.-Abdication 253
XXI. Elba.-The Hundred Days.-The Second Abdication 265
XXII. Surrender to English.-St. Helena.-Death 279
XXIII. The Second Funeral 295
SKETCH OF JOSEPHINE-EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH:
I. Family.-Early Surroundings.-Alexander de Beauharnais.-Marriage.-Separation from Husband 325
II. Josephine in the Revolution.-Imprisoned at Les Carmes.-Struggle for Existence.-Marriage with Bonaparte 334
III. Bonaparte Goes to Italy.-Josephine at Milan 1796-1797.-Triumphal Tour in Italy.-Bonaparte Leaves for Egypt 346
IV. Bonaparte is Made First Consul.-Josephine's Tact in Public Life.-Her Personal Charm.-Malmaison 360
V. The Question of Succession.-Marriage of Hortense.-Josephine Empress of the French People.-The Coronation 371
VI. Etiquette Regulating Josephine's Life.-Royal Journeys.-Extravagance in Dress 386
VII. Josephine not Allowed to Go to Poland.-Fear of Divorce.-The Reconciliation of 1807-1808.-The Campaign of 1809 and its Effect on Napoleon 399
9VIII. Napoleon Returns to France.-Josephine's Unhappiness.-Napoleon's View of a Divorce.-The Way in Which the Divorce was Effected 413
IX. After the Divorce.-Navarre.-Josephine's Suspicions of the Emperor.-Her Gradual Return to Happiness 423
X. Effect on Josephine of Disasters in Russia.-Anxiety During Campaign of 1813.-Flight from Paris.-Death in 1814 440
Handwriting of Napoleon at Different Periods 453
Table of the Bonaparte Family 464
Chronology of the Life of Napoleon Bonaparte 469
Index 477