---------------------+----------------------+----------------------
| Males | Females
Tribe or district +--------+-------------+--------+-------------
| Skulls |Brachycephals| Skulls |Brachycephals
|examined|in the group |examined|in the group
---------------------+--------+-------------+--------+-------------
Hurons of | | | |
southeastern Canada| 15 | 2 | 5 | —
Maine | 6 | — | 6 | —
New Hampshire | — | — | 1 | —
Massachusetts | 14 | — | 25 | —
Rhode Island | 7 | 1 | 6 | 1
Connecticut | 4 | — | 4 | —
New York | 19 | — | 18 | —
Manhattan island | 3 | 1 | — | —
Long Island | 7 | — | 5 | —
Staten Island | 6 | 2 | 3 | —
Munsee | 10 | — | 13 | 4
Other Lenape | 11 | 3 | 23 | 3
Maryland | 6 | 2 | 4 | —
Virginia | 30 | 4 | 32 | 4
+--------+-------------+--------+-------------
Total | 138 | [119]15 | 145 | [120]15
---------------------+--------+-------------+--------+-------------
[119] 10.9 per cent.
[120] 10.3 per cent.
In all these cases the brachycephaly, and frequently other features of
the skulls, were such that they could not possibly be attributable to a
mere fluctuation of the prevalent type.
The individuals whom such specimens represent were probably recent
accretions by the tribes through marriage or adoption. Other increments
of similar nature doubtless occurred in the past, and, blending more or
less thoroughly with the tribes, modified the physical types of these
to a greater or less extent. It is evidently due to this influence
that, as will be shown later, the more southerly tribes of the region
under consideration—those which were nearest the more westerly,
southwesterly, and southerly brachycephals—show a higher cranial index
than the more northerly and purer tribes.
The principal numerical results of the measurements derived from the
Eastern Indian crania are given at the end of this section. These
may be summarized briefly: The type is characterized by marked to
moderate dolichocephaly in the males, and by moderate dolichocephaly to
mesocephaly in the females; by medium to high vault, with occasionally
a low forehead; by good size of the skull as a whole, and lack of
unusual thickness of its bones; by moderately high to high face, the
latter especially frequent in the males; by moderate, seldom great,
breadth of face; by considerably varying orbital dimensions and index,
with a predominance of mesoseme forms, but reaching, even in the
averages, from microseme to megaseme; by the frequency of moderate
size in the nasal aperture; by variable nasal index, with a large
predominance, however, of the mesorhinic form; by a rather short palate
in many instances; and by a moderate degree of facial as well as of
alveolar prognathism.