LEGEND:
A = Infra-spinous height
B = Breadth
C = Scapular index
D = Infra-spinous index
------------------------+=------+------+-------+-----+--------+-----
| Spec- |Total | | | |
| imens |height| (A) | (B) | (C) | (D)
| | | | | |
------------------------+-------+------+-------+-----+--------+-----
MALES | | _cm._| _cm._ |_cm._| |
| | | | | |
Munsee | (4)| 15.2 | 11.2 |10.6 | 69.5 | 94.2
Southern Utah | | | | | |
cliff-dwellers | (18)| 15.1 | 11.6 |10.15| 67.4 | 87.7
Pima and Pueblo | (5)| 15.5 | 12 |11.05| 71 | 93
Various Mexican Indians | (9)| 15.8 | 12 |10.4 | 65.5 | 86.6
Indians, Peru | (55)| 15.83| 12 |10.17| 64.2 | 84.8
Indians, Peru (Livon)†† | (17)| 15.1 | 11.3 |10 | 63.8 | 85.6
United States whites | | | | | |
(various nationalities)| (70)| 16.4 | 12.25 |10.7 | 65.3 | 87.3
Whites (Livon)†† | (73)| 16.8 | 12.4 |10.6 | 63 | 85.5
United States negroes | (46)| 16.25| 11.6 |10.9 | 66.8 | 92.1
| | | | | |
FEMALES | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Munsee | (9)| 13.9 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 70.7 | 95.3
Southern Utah | | | | | |
cliff-dwellers | (10)| 13.7 | 10.25 | 9.7 | 70.6 | 94.2
Pima and Pueblo | (5)| 13.8 | 10.25 | 9.95| 72 | 97
Various Mexican Indians | (12)| 13.75| 10.25 | 9.75| 70.7 | 94.9
Mexican Indians[71] | | | | | |
(Livon)†† | (2)| 13.17| 10.16 |10.17| 77.2 |100
Indians, Peru | (39)| 13.78| 10.47 | 9.17| 66.5 | 87.5
Indians, Peru (Livon)†† | (6)| 13.5 | 10 | 9 | 67 | 88.4
United States whites | | | | | |
(various nationalities)| (44)| 14.4 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 66.7 | 88.4
Whites (Livon)†† |[72](51)|(13.5)|(10.25)|(9.1)| 67.5 | 88.8
United States negroes | (18)| 14.2 | 10.2 | 9.25| 65 | 90.7
------------------------+-------+------+-------+-----+--------+-----
†† M. Livon, _De l’omoplate_, etc., _Thèse_, Paris, 1879,
pp. 41-42.
[71] One subject.
[72] The averages of the measurements are exceptionally small in this
series.
The above data show that the Indian scapula is on the whole somewhat
smaller than that of either the whites or the American negroes, except
in the females, where the bone, while shorter, is slightly broader
than that in the other two races. The Munsee scapulæ compare fairly
well with those of other Indian tribes, the apparent differences being
doubtless due in a measure to the small number of specimens.
The scapular index in the Munsee is high, indicating that the shortness
of the bone is both absolute and relative. The different Indian tribes
offer considerable variation in this respect, but, as will be noted,
except in the Peruvians, the index in all is above that of the whites
and in the majority of cases even above that of the negroes. These high
scapular indexes in the Indian approximate those of the anthropoid
apes, but it remains to be determined if the phenomenon in the two
genera is homologous.
In the female Munsee the scapular index is perceptibly higher than
in the males, and this characteristic, owing to a relatively greater
breadth of this bone in the females, is common to all the other given
groups, excepting the negro.
The infraspinous index is also high in the Munsee as compared with
other Indians, the whites, and even the negroes. This is particularly
the case in the males, in whom the infraspinous height is exceptionally
low.
The female index again exceeds that of the males in the Munsee and
in all other Indian groups, as well as in the whites, owing to the
relatively greater breadth of the female scapula. The negroes show here
once more an exception to the rule, and it would be interesting to
trace how far this peculiarity may be prevalent in that race.
High indexes, such as those of the Indians, have been reported by
Livon, Broca, Ranke, and others,[73] among some of the African negroes,
the Melanesians, the Malays, the Guanches, and the Egyptians.