LEGEND:
A = Basion-prosthion line
B = Basion subnasal point[33]
C = Basion-nasion
D = Prosthion-nasion height
E = Prosthion subnasal point height
F = Facial angle (angle between _a_ and _d_)
G = Alveolar angle (angle between _a_ and _e_)
MALES
--------+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
Number | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) | (E) | (F) | (G)
| | | | | | |
| (_a_) |(_b_) | (_c_) |(_d_) | (_e_)| |
--------+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
| _cm._ | _cm._| _cm._ | _cm._| _cm._| ° | °
285,306 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 7 | 2.1 | 70 | 62
285,308 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 2.2 | 70 | 58
285,301 | 10 | 8.8 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 2.3 | 72 | 54
285,305 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 74 | 64
285,326 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 6.9 | 2.0 | 74 | 56
285,303 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 6.8 | 1.9 | 77 | 61
+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
| (6) | (6) |(6) | (6) | (6) | (6) | (6)
Averages| 9.9 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 7.15| 2.1 | 73 | 59
--------+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
FEMALES
--------+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
285,307 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 6.8 | 2.1 | 69 | 52
285,327 | 9.4 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 74 | 55
285,302 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 7.0 | 2.2 | 74 | 58
285,304 | 10 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 7.3 | 2.1 | 74 | 58
285,310 | 9.4 | 8.4 | 10.2 | 7 | 2.1 | 76 | 58
+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | (5)
Averages| 9.6 | 8.6 | 10 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 74 | 57
--------+-------+------+-------+------+------+-----+------
[32] Arrangement of cases based on Facial Angle.
[33] The “subnasal point” of the writer is the lowest point on the
inferior border of the nasal aperture on the left side: it is the point
from which the height of the nose is measured.
An extended and meritorious report on the naso-alveolo-basilar angle
such as here described was published in 1909 and 1910 by Dr. P.
Rivet,[34] who commenced its determination independently by the same
method as that of the present writer and almost simultaneously with
him; but no comparisons are as yet available in regard to the alveolar
angle. It appears from Rivet’s data that among modern white adults the
average of the facial angle, as herein defined, ranges in round numbers
from 70.5° to 73°;[35] among the negroes, the mean of Rivet’s series
gives 68.5°; among several groups of American Indians it was 68° to
71.5°. Rivet calculated his indexes mathematically and with the help
of an “abaque,” while the writer obtained his results by the direct
(graphic) method, which, for small series of calculations and used with
precision, seems to him preferable, although the results are probably
quite comparable. By this method the writer obtained on the Arkansas
and Louisiana crania, previously reported, averages ranging for the
facial index from 70° to 74° for the males, and 68° to 70° for the
females; while the alveolar angle gave the average of 55° to 60° in the
males, and 51° to 53° in the females. The Munsee crania give the rather
high average of 73° for the males and 74° for the females, with respect
to the facial angle, and 59° in the males with 57° in the females for
the alveolar angle. These figures indicate that both the facial and the
alveolar protrusion in the Munsee was exceedingly moderate for a group
of Indians, although in a measure the height of the indexes is due to
the shortness of the face.
[34] _L’Anthropologie_, xx, 1909, pp. 35 et seq., 175 et seq.; 1910,
pp. 505, 637.
[35] An exceptional group of Wends reached 76.5°.