The measurements chosen, as in the writer’s work previously cited, are
only the most essential. They include the total and upper length of
face, and the three breadth measurements—the smallest breadth of the
forehead, the greatest facial breadth in the plane of the zygomatic
arches, and the breadth at the angles of the lower jaw. As to the total
facial length (chin-nasion), wherever the teeth were worn due allowance
for the wear was made on the basis of measurements on well-preserved
teeth of the same sex and in the same group.
The results, presented in the next table, show that among the Munsee
the face was of only fair height and that its other dimensions were
rather subdued for Indians.
V. MUNSEE CRANIA: MEASUREMENTS RELATING TO SIZE
AND SHAPE OF THE FACE[25]
LEGEND:
A = Total length of face (chin-nasion)[26]
B = Upper length (prosthion-nasion)
C = Breadth of face (diam. bizyg. max.)
D = Facial index total (x × 100)/z
E = Facial index upper (y × 100)/z
F = Cephalic index of the skull (for comparison)
G = Diameter frontal minimum
H = Diameter bigonial
S.D. = Slightly Defeormed
DEF. = Deformed
MALES
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
Number | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) | (E) | (F) | (G) | (H)
| (x) | (y) | (z) | | | | |
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
| _cm._|_cm._ | _cm._| | | | _cm._ | _cm._
285,303 | 11.8 | 6.8 | 13.7 | 86.1 | 49.6 | 70.4 | 9.3 | 11
285,306 | 12.2 | 7.0 | 13.9 | 87.8 | 50.4 | 74.9 | 9.5 | 11.9
285,326 | 12.1 | 6.9 | 13.6 | 89.0 | 50.7 | S.D. | 8.7 | 10.6
285,313 | 12.0 | 7.2 | 14.0 | 85.7 | 51.4 | 76.6 | 9.0 | 9.5
285,308 | 12.6 | 7.4 | 14.2 | 88.7 | 52.2 | 73.7 | 10.1 | 11.1
285,305 | 12.1 | 7.2 | 13.6 | 89.0 | 52.9 | DEF. | 9.6 | 9.5
285,301 | 12.3 | 7.6 | 14.2 | 86.6 | 53.5 | DEF. | 9.5 | 9.3
+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------
| (7) | (7) | (7) | (7) | (7) | | (7) | (7)
Averages| 12.15| 7.15 | 13.9 | 87.6 | 51.5 | — | 9.4 | 10.4
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
FEMALES
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
285,310 | 11.9 | 7.0 | 13.6 | 87.5 | 51.5 | DEF. | 9.8 | 10.3
285,327 | 11.2 | 6.6 | 12.4 | 90.3 | 53.2 | 74.4 | 8.4 | 8.7
285,302 | 11.9 | 7.0 | 12.8 | 93.0 | 54.7 | DEF. | 9.3 | 9.8
285,307 | (?) | 6.8 | 12.4 | — | 54.8 | 76.9 | 8.5 | —
285,304 | 11.8 | 7.3 | 12.9 | 91.5 | 56.5 | DEF. | 9.4 | 9.6
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
| (4) | (5) | (5) | (4) | (5) | | |
Averages| 11.7 | 6.9 | 12.8 | 90.5 | 54.1 | — | 9.1 | 9.6
--------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+------
[25] Arranged on the basis of the Upper Facial Index.
[26] Where teeth were worn off, due allowance was made for the defect,
the normal enameled portion of median incisors in apposition being
taken as 19 mm. high, in the men.
The bizygomatic breadth, though not really small, is below the average
in many other tribes of Indians, while the frontal breadth and that of
the lower jaw are also somewhat below the medium. These results bear
out the statement made under “General Observations” (p. 20) relative
to the moderate proportions of the face of the Munsee. Comparative
data given in the second part of this report indicate that in some of
these respects, especially in the height of the face, the Munsee were
somewhat exceptional among the Eastern tribes.
The facial indexes indicate mild chamœprosopy to mild leptoprosopy.
Both the total and the upper indexes are perceptibly higher in the
females, which on analysis of the measurements is seen to be due to
the relatively greater narrowness of the face in the female, which,
in turn, is doubtless connected with a relatively smaller development
of the temporal muscles, the main muscles of mastication. The same
condition was noticeable in the crania from Arkansas and Louisiana
previously reported by the writer, and is probably quite general among
Indians. Some of the foreheads and some of the lower jaws among the
Munsee, as will be seen from the details, were relatively quite narrow.
[Illustration: BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 62 PLATE 8
MALE MUNSEE SKULL, NO. 285,303, U.S.N.M. (VIEW FROM ABOVE), SHOWING
TYPICAL FEATURES]