CHARLIE’S HOME LIFE AND EMPLOYMENTS.
Though every boy, almost, in America knows that baskets are made of
ash and oak, it was an entirely new thing to Charles. However, by
the instruction of Ben, and the practice of making his sail, he had
acquired a knowledge of its properties, and how to pound and prepare it
for making baskets. By pounding an ash or oak log the layers of wood
may be made to separate, and then the end being started with a knife,
they may be run into long, thin strips, suitable for the purpose.
In stormy days he pounded and prepared his material, and in the long
winter evenings that were now approaching, he wove it into baskets, as
he sat and chatted with the rest before the blazing fire. He made them
beautifully, too; some of them open, and others with covers.
“Well, Charlie,” said Joe, as he sat watching him, “you are a workman
at basket-making, any how.”
“I ought to be,” said he, “for I have worked enough at it; but in our
country they don’t make them of such stuff as this.”
“What do they make them of?”
“Sallies,” replied Charles.
“Sallys! they must be a barbarous people to cut women up to make
baskets of. What makes them take Sallys? why don’t they take Mollys and
Bettys, too; it ain’t fair to take all of one name.”
“It is not women,” said Charlie, laughing, “but a kind of wood.”
“Is it a tree?”
“It will grow into a small tree; but they cut it every year, and take
the sprouts. It grows in rows, just as you raise corn, and just as
straight and smooth as a bulrush, without any limbs, only leaves. They
peel it, and the leaves all come off with the bark, and leave a smooth,
white rod--some of them eight feet long. If they become ever so dry,
and you throw them into water, they will become tough as before. If I
only had sallies, I could make a basket that would hold water, and the
handsomest work-baskets for mother that ever was, and color them if I
could get the dye-stuffs. When we make farm-baskets and hampers, we
leave the bark on; but when we make nice baskets, we peel it off. We
call this whitening them.
“We also strip it into stuff as thin as a shaving, to wind round the
handles of nice baskets and fancy things, and call it skein work,
because this thin stuff is made up into skeins, for use like yarn.”
“What does it look like?” said Ben.
“It has a long, narrow leaf of bluish green; and in the spring, before
anything else starts, it has a white stuff on it like cotton-wool; we
call it palm; and on Palm Sunday the people carry it to church; and if
you put a piece of it on the ground, in a wet place, it will take root.”
“I know what it is. It’s what we call pussy-willow and dog-willow, but
I never thought it was tough enough to make baskets; besides, it grows
crooked and scrubby.”
“Perhaps it is not like ours; but ours would not grow straight except
they were cut off. A sprout is different from a branch. Does the
willow, as you call it, grow on the island?”
“Yes; down by the brook and the swamp.”
“Tell us something about the folks in the old country,” said Joe. “What
else did your father do besides make baskets? Did he own any land?”
“Nobody owns any land in England but the quality and the
rich esquires. Poor people don’t own anything; not even their
souls,--leastways, that is what my grandfather used to say,--for they
had to ask some great man what they ought to think. My father was a
tenant of the Earl of Bedford. My grandfather once lived by the coal
mines at Dudley, in Staffordshire. It was named after Lord Dudley Ward,
who owned extensive iron mines. Occasionally he came to visit his
property, with carriages, and servants, and livery, and a great parade.
On holidays he sometimes gave them beef and ale. These poor, simple
miners thought he was more than a man. One day when he was riding by,
the horses prancing, the people cheering, and the footmen in their red
suits, a little boy was looking on with amazement. At length he said
to his father, ‘Fayther, if God Almighty dies, who’ll be God Almighty
then?’ ‘Why, Lord Dudley Ward, you foo’.’”
“Jerusalem!” said Joe Griffin; “I did not think there were any people
in this world so ignorant as that. They don’t know so much as a yellow
dog. Were the people where you lived so ignorant?”
“No; they were Wesleyan Methodists, and their children were taught to
read and write. It is in the mines where the greatest ignorance is. We
lived in the fens.”
“What is the fens?”
“What we call the fens is the greater part of it low, flat land, which
has some time been under water; but the water has been drained off by
canals and ditches, and pumped out with windmills, and now the most of
it bears the greatest crops of any land in England. But there are some
places so low that they could not be drained.
“Such was the place where we lived, which was so wet that nothing could
grow but sallies and alders. No cattle could be kept; so the people
keep geese and ducks instead. The geese and ducks are their cattle.”
“But geese and ducks won’t give milk,” said Joe.
“Well, some of them make out to keep a cow, and others a goat or two;
and the others get their milk where they can, or go without.”
“What do these people do for a living?”
“They are basket-makers and coopers. Alders grow taller and straighter
there than they do here; and they make baskets of the sallies, and
hoops both of the sallies and alders.
“The fens are full of frogs, and bugs, and worms, and the fowl get
their living. We had hundreds of geese and ducks, and picked them
three or four times a year. But the folks are poor there--them that are
poor. We hardly ever saw any meat from year’s end to year’s end.”
“Couldn’t you eat your geese?”
“Eat our geese! No, indeed; they had to be sold to pay the rent.”
“Rent for living in a quagmire! I should think you ought to be paid for
living there.”
“Rent! yes; and high rent, too. Why, there’s tallow enough in that
candle on the table to last a fen cottager three weeks.”
“I don’t see why a candle shouldn’t burn out as fast in England as
here.”
“They would make that candle into ever so many rush-lights.”
“What’s a rush-light?”
“They take a bulrush, and take the skin off from each side down to the
white pith, leaving a little strip of skin on the edge to stiffen it,
and make it stand up,--that is for a wick; then they dip it a few times
in melted tallow, and make a light of it; but it’s a little, miserable
light.”
“I shouldn’t think they could see to read by it.”
“There’s but very few of them can read. They don’t have schools, as
they do here: and the poor people can’t send their children, for so
soon as a child is big enough to open a gate, or turn a wheel, or mind
another child, run of errands, hold a horse, or scare the rooks and the
birds from the grain, they are obliged to put that child to work, in
order to live and pay rent.
“Women in England spin twine and make lines with a large wheel, which a
little boy turns; and when the little boy gets tired, the woman sings
to him, to cheer him up,--
‘Twelve o’clock by the weaver’s watch,
The setting of the sun;
Heave away, my little boy,
And you’ll leave off when you’re done.’
And the little boy will brighten up, and make the wheel fly,
because he’s going to leave off when he’s done.“
“You are a little boy, Charlie,” said Sally, who was listening with
great attention, “to know so much about the affairs of older people.”
“Ah, mother, misery makes boys sharp to learn. If you was a little boy,
and your mother had but one cow, and she churned, and you asked her
for a little piece of butter, and she said, with the tear in her eye,
‘No, my child, it must go to pay the rent;’ if you brought in a whole
hat full of eggs, and had not eaten an egg for a year, and should long
for one, O, so much, and cry, and say, ‘O, mother, do give me just one
egg!’ and she said, ‘No, my child, they must all be sold, for we are
behindhand with the rent;’ you would know what paying rent means.”
“Well, Charlie, you shall have all the butter you want every time I
churn; and I’ll spread your bread both sides, and on the edges.”
“I shouldn’t think,” said Joe, “a man could get a living by
basket-making. It can’t be much of a trade. Anybody can make a basket
that has got any Indian suet. I can make as good a basket as anybody.”
“You can make a corn-basket or a clam-basket; but the basket-makers
make chairs, and cradles, and carriages, and fishing-creels, and
work-stands. It is as much of a trade as a joiner’s or a shoemaker’s.
There is more call for basket-work in England than here. Timber is very
scarce there. They would no more think of cutting down such a young,
thrifty ash as that I am making this basket of, than they would of
cutting a man’s head off; and, when they cut down a tree, they dig up
every bit of the root and use it for something, and then plant another
one. They don’t have boxes, and barrels, and troughs to keep and carry
things in, as they do here; but it is all crates, and hampers, and
baskets, and sacks. If a man should cut a tree as big as a hoe-handle
on the Earl of Bedford’s estates, he would be transported or hung.”
“It wouldn’t be a very safe place for me to go,” said Joe, “for I’ve
the blood of a great many trees on my conscience.”
“They raise trees there from the seed, and plant and set out thousands
of acres. O, I wish you could only be in the fens in picking-time, I
guess you would laugh.”
“Why so, Charlie?”
“You see the women and children take care of the fowl. When they want
to pick them, they put on the awfulest-looking old gowns, and tie
cloths round their heads, and shut the geese and ducks up in a room,
and then take ’em in their arms and go to pulling the feathers out.
The old ganders will bite, and thrash with their wings; they will be
plastered from head to foot with feathers.
“An old woman, with her black face all tanned up (for the women work in
the fields there), looks so funny peeping out of a great heap of white
feathers and down! and then such an awful squawking as so many fowl
make! Don’t you have any lords and dukes here, father?”
“No; we are all lords and dukes. We have presidents, and governors, and
folks to do our thinking for us; and if they don’t think and govern to
suit us, we pay them off, turn them out, and hire better ones.”
“Who is your landlord, father?”
“Mr. Welch, in Boston, till I pay him for this island.”
“Who is Uncle Isaac’s, and Captain Rhines’s, and the rest of the folks
round here?”
“They are their own landlords.” He then explained to the wondering boy
how it was that people in America got along, and governed themselves
without any nobility or landlords, and owned their land; that he was
now paying for his, that he might own it, and that was the reason he
came on to the island. He also told him, that in some parts of the
country land was given to people for settling on it.
“What! is it their ointy-dointy, forever and ever?”
“Yes; as long as they live; and then they can sell it or leave it to
their children, or give it to whom they have a mind to.”
“O,” cried Charlie, jumping up, and reddening with excitement, “how my
poor father and mother would have worked, if they could have thought
they could ever have come to own land for themselves! According to
that, all that the people here do on the land they do for themselves,
and they are their own landlords.”
“To be sure they are.”
“Only think, to own your land, and have no rent to pay! I should think
it was just the country for poor people to live in.”
“We think it is.”
“I’m glad you told me all these things, father. I mean to do all I can
to help you and mother pay for the land, and by and by, perhaps, when I
get to be a man, I can have a piece of land.”
“I’ll tell you what you can do, Charles. Make baskets in the evenings
and rainy days, and sell them. I will let you have all you get for
them.”
“I thank you, father. I could make the house full before spring.”
“I,” said Joe, “when I am not too tired, will pound some of the
basket-stuff for you. It is hard work for a boy like you.”
“So will I,” said Ben. “I can pound enough in one evening to last you a
month.”
“Yes,” said Joe; “you and John might form a company, and go into the
basket business--Rhines & Bell. No; the Rhines Brothers; John and you
are brothers. John could pound the basket-stuff at home, and bring it
over here; you could make them, and he could sell them to the fishermen
in the summer. They use lots of baskets. If you sell them to the store
you won’t get any money, only goods; but the fishermen will pay the
cash.”
“Won’t that be nice! I tell you the very first thing I mean to have;
I’ll swap some baskets at the store, and get some cloth to make a sail
for my boat.”
“I’ll cut it for you,” said Joe.
“I’ll sew it,” said Sally.
“And I,” said Ben, “will rope it for you (sew a piece of rope around
the edge), and show you how to make the grummet-holes.”
“Then the next thing I’ll do, will be to get some powder, and, when the
birds come in the spring, I will learn to shoot and kill them, and have
feathers to sell, to help pay for the island.”
“If,” said Joe, “you don’t learn to shoot till the birds come, by the
time you get learned the thickest of them will all be gone. You ought
to fire at a mark this winter, and practise, and then when the birds
come you will not have so much to do.”
“I can’t get any powder till I sell my baskets; powder and shot cost a
good deal.”
“I’ll advance you the money, so that you can get a little powder and
shot. You can use peas and little stones part of the time: they will
go wild, but it will help you to get used to hearing a gun go off, and
learning to take sight, and hold her steady. Our folks will want some
baskets in the spring, and when I get through I will take them; but I
will let you have the money now.”
“Thank you a thousand times! What a good country this is, and how good
everybody is!” said the happy boy. “Everybody seems to want to help me;
it ain’t so in England.”
“That is because you are a good boy, and try to help yourself and
others.”
“There’s one other thing I must have, because I want it to make
baskets--that is a knife.”
“To be sure; a boy without a knife is no boy at all; he’s like a woman
without a tongue.”
“Then I’ll have some bits, and a bit-stock, and a fine-toothed saw. O,
if I only had the tools, wouldn’t I make things for mother! I’d make
a front door, and ceil up the kitchen, and cover up the chimney, and
make a closet, and a mantelpiece, and finish off a bedroom for father
and mother, and shingle the roof.”
At this they all burst into peals of laughter.
“Well, Charlie,” said Ben, “you’ve laid out work enough for five or six
years. You had better go to bed now, and all the rest of us, for it is
past ten o’clock. I am sure I don’t know where this evening has gone
to.”