in bend arg.," was used as a coat-of-arms by the ancient
Earls of Warwick, and it shows, as well as a bear, in the
representations of the town of Warwick held in the hands of
figures in the "Rows Roll," written and illuminated by John
Rows of Warwick in the fifteenth century. The bear seems to
have been assumed as a cognizance by Earl Arthgallus, and may
either have been taken from the Warwick bear or as an allusion
to his name "Arth," in British meaning "Bear." The successive
Earls of Warwick used the bear and the ragged staff as a badge,
and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose father, among other
honours, was nineteenth Earl of Warwick, used it as a crest.
Lord Leicester used a chained bear as his dexter supporter, and
the ragged staff shows on one of his many quarterings.
[Illustration]
EDWARD VI., KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).
This coat-of-arms is upon a binding made for Edward VI. by Thomas
Berthelet, who had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. It has been,
however, transferred to a volume which belonged to Queen Elizabeth.
[_Public Acts._ London, 1559.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Quarterly, France and England as used by Henry VIII.
(q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
_Initials._--E. R. (Edvardus Rex).
[ANDREASI. _De Amplitudine misericordiae Dei oratio._
Basileae, 1550.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A daisy ppr., crowned or.
The daisy was used as a badge by Edward VI., in memory of his
great-grandmother, Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII.
[_Belief in Christ._ London, 1550.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--The triple ostrich plume arg., of the Prince of Wales, within
a princely coronet or.
_Motto._--IHC (_sic_) DIEN.
_Initials._--E. P. (Edward, Prince.)
[_List of Cities, etc., named in Trogus Pompeius and in the
epistles of Cicero; addressed by Peter Olivarius to
Edward, Prince of Wales._ 1546, MS.]
Prince Edward (born 12th October 1537, died 6th July 1553)
was the son of Henry VIII. and Queen Jane Seymour, his third
wife. He succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1547,
and left the crown by will to his cousin Lady Jane Grey, the
result of which was that her relatives endeavoured to place her
upon the throne and she was beheaded in 1554 by order of Queen
Mary. Although the Prince of Wales's plumes were used on the
bindings made for Prince Edward, he never was Prince of Wales.
The majority of his bindings were made by Thomas Berthelet, and
they came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal
Library in 1757.
The supporters used by Edward VI. were the golden lion and the
red dragon, as they were used by Henry VIII. after 1528, but
they do not show on any of his bindings as far as is at present
known.
EDWARD VII., KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,
AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH;
EMPEROR OF INDIA.
_Arms._--Within the Garter, and surrounded by the Collar of the Order
of the Garter, dependent from which is the Great George.
Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., 2 lions passant guardant in pale or, langued
and unguled az. _England._
2nd; or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory
counterflory gu. _Scotland._
3rd; az., a harp or, stringed arg. _Ireland._
_Crown._--Royal.
[For illustration see the Frontispiece.]
[Illustration]
EGERTON, FRANCIS HENRY, EIGHTH EARL OF BRIDGWATER
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters; arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3
pheons sa. _Egerton._
2nd grand quarter; quarterly, France and England. _Mary,
daughter of Henry VII._
3rd grand quarter; barry of six, arg. and az. _Grey._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Dexter, a horse; sinister, a griffin; each gorged with a
ducal coronet.
_Motto._--SIC DONEC.
[_Rabani Mauri Tractatus super Librum Regum._
Eg. MS. 1783.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--The shield alone.
[BEZA. _Nov. Test._ London,
1582.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A lion rampant gu., supporting an arrow erect or, headed and
feathered arg.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[TAYLOR. _An arrant Thiefe._
London, 1625.]
Francis Henry Egerton (born 11th November 1756, died 11th
February 1829) was a son of John Egerton, Bishop of Durham.
He was educated at Eton and All Souls' College, Oxford, and
was for a long time Rector of Middle, Shropshire. He was a
Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries.
Mr. Egerton was a scholar and a book lover, and wrote several
books, mostly genealogical, a subject of which he was very fond.
In 1823, on the death of his brother, Mr. Egerton became Earl
of Bridgwater, but he remained in Paris, where he had lived
for some time. With the Peerage Lord Bridgwater inherited
a large fortune, and he bequeathed a large portion of this
in the endowment of Literature, one result of which was the
"Bridgwater Treatises." He also left a very large collection of
manuscripts and other treasures to the Trustees of the British
Museum, with property to allow of accessions.
[Illustration]
ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, first and fourth, France; second
and third, England, as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
[GRANT. _Graecae Linguae Spicilegium._ London, 1577.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Within the Garter.
[GUICCIARDINI. _Historie._ London, 1599.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--Upon a mound or, a falcon arg., royally crowned or, and
holding in his dexter claw a Royal sceptre or; growing on the dexter
side of the mound a rose-tree ppr., with red and white roses.
Queen Elizabeth used this badge in memory of her mother, Queen Anne, at
whose coronation it was shown in a pageant. A falcon was the crest of
the Ormond family, and it is shown sculptured on the tomb of the Earl
of Wiltshire, father of Anne Bullen.
[_Trogi Pompeii historiarum Philippicarum Epitoma._
Paris, 1581.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A Tudor rose, arg. and gu., seeded or, and leaved vert.
Ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[CAIUS. _De Antiquitate Cantebrigiensis Academiae libri
duo._ Londini, 1574.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A Tudor rose bearing a scroll upon which is the name
"ELIZABETH."
[_New Testament._ London, 1532.]
The Princess Elizabeth (born 7th September 1533, died 24th
March 1603) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his second wife
Anne Bullen.
In 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister Mary as Queen of
England. Queen Elizabeth loved magnificence of all kinds, and
the bindings made for her show a considerable range of style;
several were sumptuously bound in velvet with rich embroideries
and pearls, some of these being made by the workmen of
Archbishop Parker; other velvet bindings were stamped in gold,
and had overlays of coloured satin. As Princess, Elizabeth is
supposed to have embroidered a few bindings; two of these are
now in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and another is in the
British Museum. Others were in carved, engraved, or repoussé
gold finely enamelled, and numbers were in leather, both gold
tooled and blind tooled; some of the former were very likely
bound for the Queen by the printer John Day, who was the first
English binder to use inlays of leather coloured differently to
the main part of the binding.
Small series of triple dots and small corner-pieces show for
the first time on small books bound for Queen Elizabeth towards
the end of her reign.
The supporters used by Queen Elizabeth were the golden lion
and the red dragon; they show on some of the beautiful painted
bindings done for the Queen, but not on any of the stamps. The
Queen's portrait is sometimes found stamped on her books.
[Illustration]
FINCH, HENEAGE, EARL OF AYLESFORD
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., a chevron between 3 griffins passant.
_Finch._
2nd and 3rd; per pale, az. and gu., 3 lions rampant arg.
_Herbert._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Motto._--NEC ELATA NEC DEIECTA.
[SACCHI. _Platinae hystoria de vitis potificum._
Venetiis, 1511.]
Heneage Finch (born c. 1647, died 22nd July 1719) was the
second son of the first Earl of Nottingham. Mr. Finch was an
eminent lawyer, and in 1678 he became Solicitor-General. He was
Member of Parliament for Oxford, and in 1702, shortly after the
accession of Queen Anne, he was chosen to receive Her Majesty
when she visited that city. On this occasion he was created
Baron of Guernsey. On the accession of George I. Lord Guernsey
was created Earl of Aylesford, and also made a Member of the
Privy Council and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
[Illustration]
FITZ-ALAN, HENRY, EIGHTEENTH EARL OF ARUNDEL
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a lion rampant or. _Fitz-Alan._
2nd and 3rd; sa., a fret or. _Maltravers._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet gu., a demi eagle, wings displayed
or.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Motto._--VIRTVTIS LAVS ACTIO.
_Note._--Coloured. The earliest heraldic book-stamp of an English
subject as yet known.
[ARISTOTLE. Venetiis, 1513.]
[Illustration]
_Badge._--A horse courant arg., bearing in his mouth a sprig of oak
ppr.
[_Biblia._ Venice, 1544.]
Henry Fitz-Alan (born c. 1511, died c. 1580) was the son of
William, Earl of Arundel, and succeeded his father in 1544.
Lord Arundel was a soldier of repute, and took part in the
siege of Boulogne in 1545. He gave political offence to the
Earl of Warwick in the reign of Edward VI. and was committed
to the Tower. He acted as Constable at the coronation of Queen
Mary, and as Lord High Steward at that of Queen Elizabeth. He
was a Knight of the Garter. Fond of books, Lord Arundel made
a large collection of them, and profited by the dissolution
of the monasteries in the early sixteenth century to add
to his library at Nonsuch. Many of his books had belonged
to Archbishop Cranmer. He bequeathed his library to his
son-in-law, Lord Lumley, and they were nearly all purchased
eventually by Henry, Prince of Wales.
[Illustration]
FREDERICK, ELECTOR PALATINE OF THE RHINE, AFTERWARDS KING OF BOHEMIA.
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., a lion rampant or, crowned gu.
_Pfalz-am-Rhein._
2nd and 3rd; lozengy, az. and arg. _Bavaria._
Over all an escutcheon of pretence bearing a Royal orb as an
emblem of dominion.
Sinister: The Royal arms of James I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--Out of a princely coronet, a lion sejant or, crowned gu.,
between 2 buffalo horns lozengy, az. and arg.
_Supporters._--2 lions rampant or, crowned gu.
[LEGRAIN. _Decade contenant la vie et gestes de Henry le
Grand Roy de France._ Paris, 1614.]
Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, married the
Princess Elizabeth (born 15th August 1596, died 13th February
1662), daughter of James VI. of Scotland, in 1613. In 1618,
Frederick was elected King of Bohemia; his acceptance of
this dignity is said to have been largely due to his wife's
ambition. As Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth's life was not easy,
and she was never popular at Prague, and in 1622 the Palatinate
was taken by the Duke of Bavaria. Her father, now James I. of
England, does not appear to have taken much interest in the
Queen of Bohemia; neither in turn did Charles I. In 1632 the
King of Bohemia died, and the Queen passed the latter part of
her life in England.
Queen Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia, Electress of
Hanover, was the mother of George I., King of England.
[Illustration]
FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.
2nd; _France_.
3rd; _Ireland_.
4th; the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany.
As used by George I. (q.v.); over all the label arg. of the eldest son
of the King; and the whole ensigned with a Princely coronet.
_Crest._--A Princely coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
coroneted with a princely coronet ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn of England, differenced with a
label of three points arg., and the lion wearing a Prince's coronet.
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[_Papers relating to Cuba._ London, 1744.]
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hanover, and afterwards Prince of
Wales (born 6th January 1707, died 20th March 1751), was the
eldest son of George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards
George II., King of England. In 1729 Prince Frederick was
created Prince of Wales, but all his life there were incessant
quarrels between himself and his parents. In 1736 he married
the Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; it proved an unhappy
marriage.
The Prince of Wales died in 1751, from the after-effects of
an accidental blow from a tennis ball, and nobody appears to
have regretted him. He left nine children, the eldest of whom,
George, succeeded to the throne of England on the death of his
grandfather in 1760. The Prince of Wales' books were generally
bound in red morocco, with one or other of his armorial stamps,
some of which bear the label of the eldest son, and others do
not. But they all have the motto "ICH DIEN," and occasionally
the initials "F. P." at the top on each side of the crest.
[Illustration]
GARRICK, DAVID
_Arms._--Per pale, or and az., in the dexter compartment a tower gu.,
and in the sinister, on a mount vert, a sea-horse arg., mane, fins, and
tail of the first; on a chief or, 3 mullets of the second.
_Crest._--A mullet or.
[ETHEREGE. _The Comical Revenge._ London, 1690.]
David Garrick (born 19th February 1716, died 20th January 1779)
was the son of an officer in the army, and of Huguenot descent
from the family of La Garrique of Bordeaux. Garrick took to
the stage at an early age, and after having unsuccessfully
tried other means of making a livelihood he eventually took to
acting as a profession. He acted as an amateur at St. John's
Gate, Clerkenwell, and he wrote several plays. His family did
not approve of his becoming an actor, but his rapid success
ultimately reconciled them to it. His life-history is one of
unvarying triumphs, which, however, naturally made him many
enemies; he left the stage practically in 1762.
Garrick was a collector of treasures of all sorts, but
particularly copies of Early English plays, of which he made
a very large and valuable collection. These he bequeathed to
the British Museum. He left a large fortune, and was buried in
Westminster Abbey.
[Illustration]
GEORGE I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st grand quarter; _England_ }
and _Scotland_ impaled. } As used by Queen
2nd grand quarter; _France_. } Anne.
3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_. }
4th grand quarter; the arms of the Royal
Dominions in Germany. Impaled.
Dexter: Gules, 2 lions passant guardant or. _Brunswick._
Sinister: Or, semée of hearts ppr., a lion rampant az.
_Lunenburg._
In the base point gu., a horse current arg. _Saxony._
Over all an escutcheon gu., charged with the Crown of
Charlemagne or, as a badge of the office of _High Treasurer
of the Holy Roman Empire_. The Crown of Charlemagne is one
of the finest Byzantine Crowns in the world, and it is
one of the very few heraldic bearings that are in actual
existence. It is of gold and richly ornamented with jewels
and enamels, and is kept in the Royal Treasury at Vienna.
_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
crowned ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Initials._--G. R. (Georgius Rex).
_Badges._--A Tudor rose and a thistle.
[_The many advantages of a good Language._ 1724.]
George Lewis, Electoral Prince of Hanover (born 28th May 1660,
died 11th June 1727), was the eldest son of Sophia, youngest
daughter of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., and
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg. In 1714 Prince
George succeeded his cousin, Queen Anne, on the throne of
England. He was then fifty-four years of age, and firmly
fixed in his German ideas; he never spoke English well, and
took every possible opportunity of revisiting his electoral
dominions, where he died in 1727.
George I. made an important change in the English coat-of-arms,
by including the quartered coat containing the Arms of the
Royal Dominions in Germany, Brunswick, Lunenburg, and Saxony.
These arms were used in the fourth quarter by George I.,
George II., and George III. until 1801. After that date they
were shown on an escutcheon of pretence by George III., George
IV., and William IV., at whose death they were discontinued
altogether.
[Illustration]
GEORGE II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st grand quarter; _England_ and _Scotland_ impaled.
2nd grand quarter; _France_.
3rd grand quarter; _Ireland_.
4th grand quarter; Brunswick impaling Lunenburg, Saxony in the
base point, and the Crown of Charlemagne on an escutcheon
of pretence; all as used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Badges._--Roses and a Thistle.
[BOERHAVE. _Methodus Studii Medici._ Amst., 1751.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales.
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Impaled.
Dexter: The Royal Arms of England, quarterly; first, England
and Scotland impaled; second, France; third, Ireland;
fourth, the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany;
over all the label, with three points arg., of an elder son.
Sinister: The arms of Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach.
Quartered.
1. Per fess, gu. and arg. _Magdeburg._
2. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Brandenburg._
3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Jägerndorff._
4. Or, a griffin segreant gu. _Herz. Wenden._
5. Or, a griffin segreant sa. _Fürst Wenden._
6. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Pommern._
7. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _Crossen._
8. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. _Kassuben._
9. Arg., an eagle displayed gu. _Prussia._
10. Per pale, arg. and gu. _Halberstadt._
11. Or, a lion rampant sa., crowned or, within a bordure
gobony, arg. and gu. _Nüremberg._
12. Gu., 2 keys in saltire or. _Minden._
13. Quarterly, arg. and sa. _Hohenzollern._
14. Gu., a cross ar. _Ratzeburg._
15. Gu. For right of Regalia.
_Crest._--A Prince's coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
coroneted ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--The lion and unicorn, the Royal Supporters of England,
each charged with a Prince of Wales' label. The lion is coroneted with
the coronet of a Royal Prince.
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[PLAYFORD. _Wit and Mirth._ London, 1714.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used as Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales' plumes,
within a princely coronet, and flanked by the initials "G. P." for
"Georgius Princeps."
_Motto._--ICH DIEN.
[MUSGRAVE. _Antiquitates Britanno-Belgicae._
Exeter, 1719.]
George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Prince of Wales
(born 30th October 1683, died 25th October 1760), was the only
son of George I., and succeeded his father on the throne of
England in 1727.
In 1753 an Act was passed "For the purchase of the Museum or
Collection of Sir Hans Sloane and of the Harleian Collection of
MSS.; and for providing one General Repository for the better
reception and more convenient use of the said Collections,
and of the Cottonian Library." In 1757 King George II. added
to these "Foundation Libraries" of the British Museum, the
old Royal Library of England, which had been largely brought
together by Henry, Prince of Wales. The old Royal Library
underwent several vicissitudes after the death of Prince Henry.
It was kept at St. James's Palace. When it was at length
incorporated with the Sloane and Cotton collections it numbered
altogether about fifteen thousand volumes, manuscripts, and
printed books.
On 2nd September 1705, Prince George, then Electoral Prince of
Hanover, married Wilhelmina Caroline (born 1st March 1683, died
20th November 1737), the eldest daughter of John Frederick,
Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. Queen Caroline made herself
as important in Court and political affairs as she had already
done as Princess, and allied herself strongly with Sir Robert
Walpole, then Minister of State, and her power became very
great, as the King gave way to her wishes almost invariably.
Both George II. and Queen Caroline disliked their eldest son
Frederick. During the King's several absences in Hanover, Queen
Caroline acted as Regent, to the great annoyance of the Prince
of Wales.
[Illustration]
GEORGE III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS
KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st, England and Scotland impaled. 2nd, France. 3rd, Ireland.
4th, The arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany; all as
used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
crowned ppr.
_Supporters._--The lion and the unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEU ET MON DROIT.
_Badges._--A rose for England and a thistle for Scotland.
_Note._--Used from 24th October 1760 until 1st January 1801.
[VITRUVIUS POLLIO. _Architecture._ London, 1791.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--With supporters bearing the standards of St. George and St.
Andrew. Probably a foreign design.
[SECONDAT. _Le Temple de Guide_. Parisiis, 1772.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Within the Garter, with the "George" jewel, and the badges
and collars of the Orders of the Thistle and the Bath (Civil), with
their respective mottoes, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT and TRIA JUNCTA IN
UNO.
[PETAVIUS. _De Nithardo breve Syntagma._ Parisiis,
1613.]
[Illustration]
_First Coat-of-Arms_
_Variety._--Used without supporters.
[MONRO. _Works._ Edinburgh, 1781.]
[Illustration]
_Second Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th, England. 2nd, Scotland. 3rd, Ireland.
Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of the Royal Dominions
in Germany ensigned with an electoral bonnet gu., turned up with
miniver. Used from 1st January 1801 until 8th June 1816. Colours as
used by George I. (q.v.).
_Crest, Supporters, and Motto_ as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Badges._--Roses and thistles.
[S. AUGUSTINUS. _De Civitate Dei, etc._ 1467.]
[Illustration]
_Third Coat-of-Arms_
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly, as in the preceding case, but
with the Royal Hanoverian Crown, instead of the electoral bonnet, over
the escutcheon of pretence. Used from 8th June 1816 until 29th January
1820.
_Crest, Supporters, Badges, and Motto._--As before, with a Royal
helmet, but the shield is additionally enclosed within the collar of
the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the badge of the Great
George.
[_Inventories of plate belonging to the Crown, etc._]
[Illustration]
The Royal Initials ensigned with a Royal Crown.
[ALLIONIUS. _Tractatio de Miliarium origine et
curatione._ Aug. Taurinorum, 1758.]
[Illustration]
The Irish Harp, crowned.
[_Lord's Journals of Ireland._ Dublin, 1780.]
George III. (born 4th June 1738, died 29th January 1820) was
the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of
George II. He succeeded to the throne in 1760.