Some idea of the general course of my father's health may have been
gathered from the letters given in the preceding pages. The subject of
health appears more prominently than is often necessary in a Biography,
because it was, unfortunately, so real an element in determining the
outward form of his life.
During the last ten years of his life the condition of his health was a
cause of satisfaction and hope to his family. His condition showed
signs of amendment in several particulars. He suffered less distress
and discomfort, and was able to work more steadily. Something has
been already said of Dr. Bence Jones's treatment, from which my father
certainly derived benefit. In later years he became a patient of Sir
Andrew Clark, under whose care he improved greatly in general health. It
was not only for his generously rendered service that my father felt
a debt of gratitude towards Sir Andrew Clark. He owed to his cheering
personal influence an ofte-repeated encouragement, which laterally added
something real to his happiness, and he found sincere pleasure in Sir
Andrew's friendship and kindness towards himself and his children.
Scattered through the past pages are one or two references to pain or
uneasiness felt in the region of the heart. How far these indicate that
the heart was affected early in life, I cannot pretend to say; in any
case it is certain that he had no serious or permanent trouble of
this nature until shortly before his death. In spite of the general
improvement in his health, which has been above alluded to, there was
a certain loss of physical vigour occasionally apparent during the last
few years of his life. This is illustrated by a sentence in a letter
to his old friend Sir James Sulivan, written on January 10, 1879: "My
scientific work tires me more than it used to do, but I have nothing
else to do, and whether one is worn out a year or two sooner or later
signifies but little."
A similar feeling is shown in a letter to Sir J.D. Hooker of June 15,
1881. My father was staying at Patterdale, and wrote: "I am rather
despondent about myself... I have not the heart or strength to begin any
investigation lasting years, which is the only thing which I enjoy, and
I have no little jobs which I can do."
In July, 1881, he wrote to Mr. Wallace, "We have just returned home
after spending five weeks on Ullswater; the scenery is quite charming,
but I cannot walk, and everything tires me, even seeing scenery... What
I shall do with my few remaining years of life I can hardly tell. I
have everything to make me happy and contented, but life has become very
wearisome to me." He was, however, able to do a good deal of work, and
that of a trying sort (On the action of carbonate of ammonia on roots
and leaves.), during the autumn of 1881, but towards the end of the year
he was clearly in need of rest; and during the winter was in a lower
condition than was usual with him.
On December 13 he went for a week to his daughter's house in Bryanston
Street. During his stay in London he went to call on Mr. Romanes, and
was seized when on the door-step with an attack apparently of the same
kind as those which afterwards became so frequent. The rest of the
incident, which I give in Mr. Romanes' words, is interesting too from a
different point of view, as giving one more illustration of my father's
scrupulous consideration for others:--
"I happened to be out, but my butler, observing that Mr. Darwin was ill,
asked him to come in, he said he would prefer going home, and although
the butler urged him to wait at least until a cab could be fetched, he
said he would rather not give so much trouble. For the same reason he
refused to allow the butler to accompany him. Accordingly he watched him
walking with difficulty towards the direction in which cabs were to be
met with, and saw that, when he had got about three hundred yards from
the house, he staggered and caught hold of the park-railings as if
to prevent himself from falling. The butler therefore hastened to his
assistance, but after a few seconds saw him turn round with the evident
purpose of retracing his steps to my house. However, after he had
returned part of the way he seems to have felt better, for he again
changed his mind, and proceeded to find a cab."
During the last week of February and in the beginning of March, attacks
of pain in the region of the heart, with irregularity of the pulse,
became frequent, coming on indeed nearly every afternoon. A seizure of
this sort occurred about March 7, when he was walking alone at a short
distance from the house; he got home with difficulty, and this was the
last time that he was able to reach his favourite 'Sand-walk.' Shortly
after this, his illness became obviously more serious and alarming, and
he was seen by Sir Andrew Clark, whose treatment was continued by Dr.
Norman Moore, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and Mr. Alfrey, of St.
Mary Cray. He suffered from distressing sensations of exhaustion and
faintness, and seemed to recognise with deep depression the fact that
his working days were over. He gradually recovered from this condition,
and became more cheerful and hopeful, as is shown in the following
letter to Mr. Huxley, who was anxious that my father should have closer
medical supervision than the existing arrangements allowed:
Down, March 27, 1882.
My dear Huxley,
Your most kind letter has been a real cordial to me. I have felt better
to-day than for three weeks, and have felt as yet no pain. Your plan
seems an excellent one, and I will probably act upon it, unless I get
very much better. Dr. Clark's kindness is unbounded to me, but he is
too busy to come here. Once again, accept my cordial thanks, my dear old
friend. I wish to God there were more automata (The allusion is to Mr.
Huxley's address 'On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its
History,' given at the Belfast meeting of the British Association in
1874, and republished in 'Science and Culture.') in the world like you.
Ever yours, CH. DARWIN."
The allusion to Sir Andrew Clark requires a word of explanation. Sir
Andrew Clark himself was ever ready to devote himself to my father, who,
however, could not endure the thought of sending for him, knowing how
severely his great practice taxed his strength.
No especial change occurred during the beginning of April, but on
Saturday 15th he was seized with giddiness while sitting at dinner in
the evening, and fainted in an attempt to reach his sofa. On the 17th
he was again better, and in my temporary absence recorded for me the
progress of an experiment in which I was engaged. During the night of
April 18th, about a quarter to twelve, he had a severe attack and passed
into a faint, from which he was brought back to consciousness with great
difficulty. He seemed to recognise the approach of death, and said, "I
am not the least afraid to die." All the next morning he suffered from
terrible nausea and faintness, and hardly rallied before the end came.
He died at about four o'clock on Wednesday, April 19th, 1882, in the
seventy-fourth year of his age.
I close the record of my father's life with a few words of retrospect
added to the manuscript of his 'Autobiography' in 1879:--
"As for myself, I believe that I have acted rightly in steadily
following, and devoting my life to Science. I feel no remorse from
having committed any great sin, but have often and often regretted that
I have not done more direct good to my fellow creatures."
APPENDIX I.
THE FUNERAL IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
On the Friday succeeding my father's death, the following letter, signed
by twenty members of Parliament, was addressed to Dr. Bradley, Dean of
Westminster:--
HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 21, 1882.
Very Rev. Sir,
We hope you will not think we are taking a liberty if we venture to
suggest that it would be acceptable to a very large number of our
fellow-countrymen of all classes and opinions that our illustrious
countryman, Mr. Darwin, should be buried in Westminster Abbey.
We remain, your obedient servants,
JOHN LUBBOCK, NEVIL STOREY MASKELYNE, A.J. MUNDELLA, G.O. TREVELYAN,
LYON PLAYFAIR, CHARLES W. DILKE, DAVID WEDDERBURN, ARTHUR RUSSEL, HORACE
DAVEY, BENJAMIN ARMITAGE, RICHARD B. MARTIN, FRANCIS W. BUXTON, E.L.
STANLEY, HENRY BROADHURST, JOHN BARRAN, F.J. CHEETHAM, H.S. HOLLAND, H.
CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN, CHARLES BRUCE, RICHARD FORT.
The Dean was abroad at the time, and telegraphed his cordial
acquiescence.
The family had desired that my father should be buried at Down: with
regard to their wishes, Sir John Lubbock wrote:--
HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 25, 1882.
My dear Darwin,
I quite sympathise with your feeling, and personally I should greatly
have preferred that your father should have rested in Down amongst us
all. It is, I am sure, quite understood that the initiative was not
taken by you. Still, from a national point of view, it is clearly right
that he should be buried in the Abbey. I esteem it a great privilege to
be allowed to accompany my dear master to the grave.
Believe me, yours most sincerely,
JOHN LUBBOCK.
W.E. DARWIN, ESQ.
The family gave up their first-formed plans, and the funeral took place
in Westminster Abbey on April 26th. The pall-bearers were:--
SIR JOHN LUBBOCK,
MR. HUXLEY,
MR. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (American Minister),
MR. A.R. WALLACE,
THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE,
CANON FARRAR,
SIR J.D. HOOKER,
MR. WM. SPOTTISWOODE (President of the Royal Society),
THE EARL OF DERBY,
THE DUKE OF ARGYLL.
The funeral was attended by the representatives of France, Germany,
Italy, Spain, Russia, and by those of the Universities, and learned
Societies, as well as by large numbers of personal friends and
distinguished men.
The grave is in the North aisle of the Nave close to the angle of the
choir-screen, and a few feet from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. The
stone bears the inscription--
CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN. Born 12 February, 1809. Died 19 April, 1882.
APPENDIX II.
I.--LIST OF WORKS BY CHARLES DARWIN.
Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of Her Majesty's Ships 'Adventure'
and 'Beagle' between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their
examination of the Southern shores of South America, and the 'Beagle's'
circumnavigation of the globe. Volume iii. Journal and Remarks,
1832-1836. By Charles Darwin. 8vo. London, 1839.
Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the
countries visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle' round the world,
under the command of Captain Fitz-Roy, R.N. 2nd edition, corrected, with
additions. 8vo. London, 1845. (Colonial and Home Library.)
A Naturalist's Voyage. Journal of Researches, etc., 8vo. London, 1860.
[Contains a postscript dated February 1, 1860.]
Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle.' Edited and superintended
by Charles Darwin. Part I. Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen. With a
Geological Introduction, by Charles Darwin. 4to. London, 1840.
--Part II. Mammalia, by George R. Waterhouse. With a notice of their
habits and ranges, by Charles Darwin. 4to. London, 1839.
--Part III. Birds, by John Gould. An "Advertisement" (2 pages) states
that in consequence of Mr. Gould's having left England for Australia,
many descriptions were supplied by Mr. G.R. Gray of the British Museum.
4to. London, 1841.
--Part IV. Fish, by Rev. Leonard Jenyns. 4to. London, 1842.
--Part V. Reptiles, by Thomas Bell. 4to. London, 1843.
The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs. Being the First Part of
the Geology of the Voyage of the 'Beagle.' 8vo. London, 1842.
The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs. 2nd edition. 8vo. London,
1874.
Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the
Voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle.' Being the Second Part of the Geology of the
Voyage of the 'Beagle.' 8vo. London, 1844.
Geological Observations on South America. Being the Third Part of the
Geology of the Voyage of the 'Beagle.' 8vo. London, 1846.
Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands and parts of South
America visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle.' 2nd edition. 8vo.
London, 1876.
A Monograph of the Fossil Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of
Great Britain. 4to. London, 1851. (Palaeontographical Society.)
A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the
Species. The Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes. 8vo. London, 1851.
(Ray Society.)
--The Balanidae (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidae, etc. 8vo.
London, 1854. (Ray Society.)
A Monograph of the Fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great Britain.
4to. London, 1854. (Palaeontographical Society.)
On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the
Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. 8vo. London,
1859. (Dated October 1st, 1859, published November 24, 1859.)
--Fifth thousand. 8vo. London, 1860.
--Third edition, with additions and corrections. (Seventh thousand.)
8vo. London, 1861. (Dated March, 1861.)
--Fourth edition with additions and corrections. (Eighth thousand.) 8vo.
London, 1866. (Dated June, 1866.)
--Fifth edition, with additions and corrections. (Tenth thousand.) 8vo.
London, 1869. (Dated May, 1869.)
--Sixth edition, with additions and corrections to 1872. (Twenty-fourth
thousand.) 8vo. London, 1882. (Dated January, 1872.)
On the various contrivances by which Orchids are fertilised by Insects.
8vo. London, 1862.
--Second edition. 8vo. London, 1877. [In the second edition the word
"On" is omitted from the title.]
The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants. Second edition. 8vo.
London, 1875. [First appeared in the ninth volume of the 'Journal of the
Linnean Society.']
The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. 2 volumes. 8vo.
London, 1868.
--Second edition, revised. 2 volumes. 8vo. London, 1875.
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. 2 volumes. 8vo.
London, 1871.
--Second edition. 8vo. London, 1874. (In 1 volume.)
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. 8vo. London, 1872.
Insectivorous Plants. 8vo. London, 1875.
The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom.
8vo. London, 1876.
--Second edition. 8vo. London, 1878.
The different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the same Species. 8vo.
London, 1877.
--Second edition. 8vo. London, 1880.
The Power of Movement in Plants. By Charles Darwin, assisted by Francis
Darwin. 8vo. London, 1880.
The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms, with
Observations on their Habits. 8vo. London, 1881.
II.--LIST OF BOOKS CONTAINING CONTRIBUTIONS BY CHARLES DARWIN.
A Manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's
Navy: and adapted for travellers in general. Edited by Sir John F.W.
Herschel, Bart. 8vo. London, 1849. (Section VI. Geology. By Charles
Darwin.)
Memoir of the Rev. John Stevens Henslow. By the Rev. Leonard Jenyns.
8vo. London, 1862. [In Chapter III., Recollections by Charles Darwin.]
A letter (1876) on the 'Drift' near Southampton published in Prof. J.
Geikie's 'Prehistoric Europe.'
Flowers and their unbidden guests. By A. Kerner. With a Prefatory Letter
by Charles Darwin. The translation revised and edited by W. Ogle. 8vo.
London, 1878.
Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W.S.
Dallas. With a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. 8vo. London, 1879.
Studies in the Theory of Descent. By August Weismann. Translated and
edited by Raphael Meldola. With a Prefatory Notice by Charles Darwin.
8vo. London, 1880--.
The Fertilisation of Flowers. By Hermann Muller. Translated and edited
by D'Arcy W. Thompson. With a Preface by Charles Darwin. 8vo. London,
1883.
Mental Evolution in Animals. By G.J. Romanes. With a posthumous essay on
instinct by Charles Darwin, 1883. [Also published in the Journal of the
Linnean Society.]
Some Notes on a curious habit of male humble bees were sent to Prof.
Hermann Muller, of Lippstadt, who had permission from Mr. Darwin to make
what use he pleased of them. After Muller's death the Notes were given
by his son to Dr. E. Krause, who published them under the title,
"Ueber die Wege der Hummel-Mannchen" in his book, 'Gesammelte kleinere
Schriften von Charles Darwin.' (1886).
III.--LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, INCLUDING A SELECTION OF LETTERS AND
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS TO SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS.
Letters to Professor Henslow, read by him at the meeting of the
Cambridge Philosophical Society, held November 16, 1835. 31 pages. 8vo.
Privately printed for distribution among the members of the Society.
Geological Notes made during a survey of the East and West Coasts of
South America in the years 1832, 1833, 1834, and 1835; with an account
of a transverse section of the Cordilleras of the Andes between
Valparaiso and Mendoza. [Read November 18, 1835.] Geology Society Proc.
ii. 1838, pages 210-212. [This Paper is incorrectly described in Geology
Society Proc. ii., page 210 as follows:--"Geological notes, etc., by F.
Darwin, Esq., of St. John's College, Cambridge: communicated by Prof.
Sedgwick." It is Indexed under C. Darwin.]
Notes upon the Rhea Americana. Zoology Society Proc., Part v. 1837.
pages 35-36.
Observations of proofs of recent elevation on the coast of Chili, made
during the survey of H.M.S. "Beagle," commanded by Captain Fitz-Roy.
[1837.] Geological Society Proc. ii.1838, pages 446-449.
A sketch of the deposits containing extinct Mammalia in the
neighbourhood of the Plata. [1837.] Geological Society Proc. ii. 1838,
pages 542-544.
On certain areas of elevation and subsidence in the Pacific and
Indian oceans, as deduced from the study of coral formations. [1837.]
Geological Society Proc. ii. 1838, pages 552-554.
On the Formation of Mould. [Read November 1, 1837.] Geological Society
Proc. ii. 1838, pages 574-576; Geological Society Transactions v. 1840,
pages 505-510.
On the Connexion of certain Volcanic Phenomena and on the formation of
mountain-chains and the effects of continental elevations. [Read March
7, 1838.] Geological Society Proc. ii. 1838, pages 654-660; Geological
Society Transactions v. 1840, pages 601-632. [In the Society's
Transactions the wording of the title is slightly different.]
Origin of saliferous deposits. Salt Lakes of Patagonia and La Plata.
Geological Society Journal ii. (Part ii.), 1838, pages 127-128.
Note on a Rock seen on an Iceberg in 16 deg South Latitude. Geographical
Society Journal ix. 1839, pages 528-529.
Observations on the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of
Lochaber in Scotland, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine
origin. Phil. Trans. 1839, pages 39-82.
On a remarkable Bar of Sandstone off Pernambuco, on the Coast of Brazil.
Phil. Mag. xix. 1841, pages 257-260.
On the Distribution of the Erratic Boulders and on the Contemporaneous
Unstratified Deposits of South America. [1841.] Geological Society Proc.
iii. 1842, pages 425-430; Geological Society Transactions vi. 1842,
pages 415-432.
Notes on the Effects produced by the Ancient Glaciers of
Caernarvonshire, and on the Boulders transported by Floating Ice. London
Philosophical Magazine volume xxi. page 180. 1842.
Remarks on the preceding paper, in a Letter from Charles Darwin, Esq.,
to Mr. Maclaren. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal xxxiv. 1843,
pages 47- 50. [The "preceding" paper is: "On Coral Islands and Reefs as
described by Mr. Darwin. By Charles Maclaren, Esq., F.R.S.E."]
Observations on the Structure and Propagation of the genus Sagitta.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History xiii. 1844, pages 1-6.
Brief descriptions of several Terrestrial Planariae, and of some
remarkable Marine Species, with an Account of their Habits. Annals and
Magazine of Natural History xiv. 1844, pages 241-251.
An account of the Fine Dust which often falls on Vessels in the Atlantic
Ocean. Geological Society Journal ii. 1846, pages 26-30.
On the Geology of the Falkland Islands. Geological Society Journal ii.
1846, pages 267-274.
A review of Waterhouse's 'Natural History of the Mammalia.' [Not
signed.] Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1847. Volume xix. page
53.
On the Transportal of Erratic Boulders from a lower to a higher level.
Geological Society Journal iv. 1848, pages 315-323.
On British fossil Lepadidae. Geological Society Journal vi. 1850, pages
439-440. [The G.S.J. says "This paper was withdrawn by the author with
the permission of the Council."]
Analogy of the Structure of some Volcanic Rocks with that of Glaciers.
Edinburgh Royal Society Proc. ii. 1851, pages 17-18.
On the power of Icebergs to make rectilinear, uniformly-directed Grooves
across a Submarine Undulatory Surface. Philosophical Magazine x. 1855,
pages 96-98.
Vitality of Seeds. "Gardeners' Chronicle", November 17, 1855, page 758.
On the action of Sea-water on the Germination of Seeds. [1856.] Linnean
Society Journal i. 1857 ("Botany"), pages 130-140.
On the Agency of Bees in the Fertilisation of Papilionaceous Flowers.
"Gardeners' Chronicle", page 725, 1857.
On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of
Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. By Charles Darwin,
Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., and F.G.S., and Alfred Wallace, Esq. [Read
July 1st, 1858.] Journal of the Linnean Society 1859, volume iii.
("Zoology"), page 45.
Special titles of Charles Darwin's contributions to the foregoing:--
i. Extract from an unpublished work on Species by Charles Darwin Esq.,
consisting of a portion of a chapter entitled, "On the Variation of
Organic Beings in a State of Nature; on the Natural Means of Selection;
on the Comparison of Domestic Races and true Species."
ii. Abstract of a Letter from C. Darwin, Esq., to Professor Asa Gray, of
Boston U.S., dated September 5, 1857.
On the Agency of Bees in the Fertilisation of Papilionaceous Flowers,
and on the Crossing of Kidney Beans. "Gardeners' Chronicle", 1858, page
828 and Annals of Natural History 3rd series ii. 1858, pages 459-465.
Do the Tineina or other small Moths suck Flowers, and if so what
Flowers? "Entomological Weekly Intelligencer" volume viii. 1860, page
103.
Note on the achenia of Pumilio Argyrolepis. "Gardeners' Chronicle",
January 5, 1861, page 4.
Fertilisation of Vincas. "Gardeners' Chronicle", pages 552, 831, 832.
1861.
On the Two Forms, or Dimorphic Condition, in the species of Primula, and
on their remarkable Sexual Relations. Linnean Society Journal vi. 1862
("Botany"), pages 77-96.
On the Three remarkable Sexual Forms of Catasetum tridentatum, an Orchid
in the possession of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society Journal vi.
1862 ("Botany"), pages 151-157.
Yellow Rain. "Gardeners' Chronicle", July 18, 1863, page 675.
On the thickness of the Pampean formation near Buenos Ayres. Geological
Society Journal xix. 1863, pages 68-71.
On the so-called "Auditory-sac" of Cirripedes. Natural History Review,
1863, pages 115-116.
A review of Mr. Bates' paper on 'Mimetic Butterflies.' Natural History
Review, 1863, page 221-. [Not signed.]
On the existence of two forms, and on their reciprocal sexual relation,
in several species of the genus Linum. Linnean Society Journal vii. 1864
("Botany"), pages 69-83.
On the Sexual Relations of the Three Forms of Lythrum salicaria. [1864.]
Linnean Society Journal viii. 1865 ("Botany"), pages 169-196.
On the Movement and Habits of Climbing Plants. [1865.] Linnean Society
Journal ix. 1867 ("Botany"), pages 1-118.
Note on the Common Broom (Cytisus scoparius). [1866.] Linnean Society
Journal ix. 1867 ("Botany"), page 358.
Notes on the Fertilization of Orchids. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 4th series, iv. 1869, pages 141-159.
On the Character and Hybrid-like Nature of the Offspring from the
Illegitimate Unions of Dimorphic and Trimorphic Plants. [1868.] Linnean
Society Journal x. 1869 ("Botany"), pages 393-437.
On the Specific Difference between Primula veris, British Fl. (var.
officinalis, of Linn.), P. vulgaris, British Fl. (var. acaulis, Linn.),
and P. elatior, Jacq.; and on the Hybrid Nature of the common Oxlip.
With Supplementary Remarks on naturally produced Hybrids in the genus
Verbascum. [1868.] Linnean Society Journal x. 1869 ("Botany"), pages
437-454.
Note on the Habits of the Pampas Woodpecker (Colaptes campestris).
Zoological Society Proceedings November 1, 1870, pages 705-706.
Fertilisation of Leschenaultia. "Gardeners' Chronicle", page 1166, 1871.
The Fertilisation of Winter-flowering Plants. 'Nature,' November 18,
1869, volume i. page 85.
Pangenesis. 'Nature,' April 27, 1871, volume iii. page 502.
A new view of Darwinism. 'Nature,' July 6, 1871, volume iv. page 180.
Bree on Darwinism. 'Nature,' August 8, 1872, volume vi. page 279.
Inherited Instinct. 'Nature,' February 13, 1873, volume vii. page 281.
Perception in the Lower Animals. 'Nature,' March 13, 1873, volume vii.
page 360.
Origin of certain instincts. 'Nature,' April 3, 1873, volume vii. page
417.
Habits of Ants. 'Nature,' July 24, 1873, volume viii. page 244.
On the Males and Complemental Males of Certain Cirripedes, and on
Rudimentary Structures. 'Nature,' September 25, 1873, volume viii. page
431.
Recent researches on Termites and Honey-bees. 'Nature,' February 19,
1874, volume ix. page 308.
Fertilisation of the Fumariaceae. 'Nature,' April 16, 1874, volume ix.
page 460.
Flowers of the Primrose destroyed by Birds. 'Nature,' April 23, 1874,
volume ix. page 482; May 14, 1874, volume x. page 24.
Cherry Blossoms. 'Nature,' May 11, 1876, volume xiv. page 28.
Sexual Selection in relation to Monkeys. 'Nature,' November 2, 1876,
volume xv. page 18. Reprinted as a supplement to the 'Descent of Man,'
18..
Fritz Muller on Flowers and Insects. 'Nature,' November 29, 1877, volume
xvii. page 78.
The Scarcity of Holly Berries and Bees. "Gardeners' Chronicle", January
20, 1877, page 83.
Note on Fertilization of Plants. "Gardeners' Chronicle", volume vii.
page 246, 1877.
A biographical sketch of an infant. 'Mind,' No.7, July, 1877.
Transplantation of Shells. 'Nature,' May 30, 1878, volume xviii. page
120.
Fritz Muller on a Frog having Eggs on its back--on the abortion of the
hairs on the legs of certain Caddis-Flies, etc. 'Nature,' March 20,
1879, volume xix. page 462.
Rats and Water-Casks. 'Nature,' March 27, 1879, volume xix. page 481.
Fertility of Hybrids from the common and Chinese Goose. 'Nature,'
January 1, 1880, volume xxi. page 207.
The Sexual Colours of certain Butterflies. 'Nature,' January 8, 1880,
volume xxi. page 237.
The Omori Shell Mounds. 'Nature,' April 15, 1880, volume xxi. page 561.
Sir Wyville Thomson and Natural Selection. 'Nature,' November 11, 1880,
volume xxiii. page 32.
Black Sheep. 'Nature,' December 30, 1880, volume xxiii. page 193.
Movements of Plants. 'Nature,' March 3, 1881, volume xxiii. page 409.
The Movements of Leaves. 'Nature,' April 28, 1881, volume xxiii. page
603.
Inheritance. 'Nature,' July 21, 1881, volume xxiv. page 257.
Leaves injured at Night by Free Radiation. 'Nature,' September 15, 1881,
volume xxiv. page 459.
The Parasitic Habits of Molothrus. 'Nature,' November 17, 1881, volume
xxv. page 51.
On the Dispersal of Freshwater Bivalves. 'Nature,' April 6, 1882, volume
xxv. page 529.
The Action of Carbonate of Ammonia on the Roots of certain Plants. [Read
March 16, 1882.] Linnean Society Journal ("Botany"), volume xix. 1882,
pages 239-261.
The Action of Carbonate of Ammonia on Chlorophyll-bodies. [Read March 6,
1882.] Linnean Society Journal ("Botany"), volume xix. 1882, pages 262-
284.
On the modification of a Race of Syrian Street-Dogs by means of Sexual
Selection. By W. Van Dyck. With a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin.
[Read April 18, 1882.] Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1882, pages
367-370.
APPENDIX III.
PORTRAITS.
1838: Water-colour by G. Richmond in the possession of The Family.
1851: Lithograph by Ipswich British Association Series.
1853: Chalk Drawing by Samuel Lawrence in the possession of The Family.
1853?: Chalk Drawing (Probably a sketch made at one of the sittings
for the last mentioned.) by Samuel Lawrence in the possession of Prof.
Hughes, Cambridge.
1869: Bust, marble, by T. Woolner, R.A. in the possession of The Family.
1875: Oil Painting (A replica by the artist is in the possession of
Christ's College, Cambridge.) by W. Ouless, R.A., etched by P. Rajon, in
the possession of The Family.
1879: Oil Painting by W.B. Richmond in the possession of The University
of Cambridge.
1881: Oil Painting (A replica by the artist is in the possession of W.E.
Darwin, Esq., Southampton.) by the Hon. John Collier, in the possession
of The Linnaean Society, etched by Leopold Flameng.
CHIEF PORTRAITS AND MEMORIALS NOT TAKEN FROM LIFE.
Statue by Joseph Boehm, R.A., in the possession of Museum, South
Kensington.
Bust by Chr. Lehr, Junr.
Plaque by T. Woolner, R.A., and Josiah Wedgwood and Sons in the
possession of Christ's College, in Charles Darwin's Room.
Deep Medallion by J. Boehm, R.A. to be placed in Westminster Abbey.
CHIEF ENGRAVINGS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS.
1854?: By Messrs. Maull and Fox, engraved on wood for 'Harper's
Magazine' (October 1884).
1870?: By O.J. Rejlander, engraved on steel by C.H. Jeens for 'Nature'
(June 4, 1874).
1874?: By Captain Darwin, R.E., engraved on wood for the 'Century
Magazine' (January 1883). Frontispiece, volume i.
(The dates of these photographs must, from various causes, remain
uncertain. Owing to a loss of books by fire, Messrs. Maull and Fox can
give only an approximate date. Mr. Rejlander died some years ago, and
his business was broken up. My brother, captain Darwin, has no record of
the date at which his photograph was taken.)
1881: By Messrs. Elliott and Fry, engraved on wood by G. Kruells, for
the present work.
APPENDIX IV.
HONOURS, DEGREES, SOCIETIES, ETC.
(The list has been compiled from the diplomas and letters in my father's
possession, and is no doubt incomplete, as he seems to have lost or
mislaid some of the papers received from foreign Societies. Where the
name of a foreign Society (excluding those in the United States) is
given in English, it is a translation of the Latin (or in one case
Russian) of the original Diploma.)
ORDER.--Prussian Order, 'Pour le Merite.' 1867.
OFFICE.--County Magistrate. 1857.
DEGREES.
Cambridge: B.A. 1831 [1832]. See volume i. M.A. 1837. Hon. LL.D. 1877.
Breslau: Hon. Doctor in Medicine and Surgery. 1862.
Bonn: Hon. Doctor in Medicine and Surgery. 1868.
Leyden: Hon. M.D. 1875.
SOCIETIES.--London:
Zoological. Corresponding Member. 1831. (He afterwards became a Fellow
of the Society.) Entomological. 1833, Original Member. Geological. 1836.
Wollaston Medal, 1859. Royal Geographical. 1838. Royal. 1839. Royal
Medal, 1853. Copley Medal, 1864. Linnean. 1854. Ethnological. 1861.
Medico-Chirurgical. Hon. Member. 1868. Baly Medal of the Royal College
of Physicians, 1879.
SOCIETIES.--PROVINCIAL, COLONIAL, AND INDIAN.
Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1865. Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh,
1826. Hon. Member, 1861. Royal Irish Academy. Hon. Member, 1866.
Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Hon. Member, 1868.
Watford Natural History Society. Hon. Member, 1877. Asiatic Society
of Bengal. Hon. Member, 1871. Royal Society of New South Wales. Hon.
Member, 1879. Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand. Hon.
Member, 1863. New Zealand Institute. Hon. Member, 1872.
FOREIGN SOCIETIES.--AMERICA.
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Hon. Member, 1877. Academia Nacional
de Ciencias, Argentine Republic. Hon. Member, 1878. Sociedad Zoologica
Arjentina. Hon. Member, 1874. Boston Society of Natural History. Hon.
Member, 1873. American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston). Foreign
Hon. Member, 1874. California Academy of Sciences. Hon. Member, 1872.
California State Geological Society. Corresponding Member, 1877.
Franklin Literary Society, Indiana. Hon. Member, 1878. Sociedad de
Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos. Hon. Member, 1860. New York Academy
of Sciences. Hon. Member, 1879. Gabinete Portuguez de Leitura em
Pernambuco. Corresponding Member, 1879. Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. Correspondent, 1860. American Philosophical Society,
Philadelphia. Member, 1869.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. Foreign Corresponding Member,
1871; Hon. Foreign Member, 1875. Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien.
Hon. Member, 1872. K. k. Zoologisch-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien.
Member, 1867. Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Pest, 1872.
BELGIUM.
Societe Royale des Sciences Medicales et Naturelles de Bruxelles.
Hon. Member, 1878. Societie Royale de Botanique de Belgique. 'Membre
Associe,' 1881. Academie Royale des Sciences, etc., de Belgique.
'Associe de la Classe des Sciences.' 1870.
DENMARK.
Royal Society of Copenhagen. Fellow, 1879.
FRANCE.
Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris. Foreign Member, 1871. Societe
Entomologique de France. Hon. Member, 1874. Societe Geologique de France
(Life Member), 1837. Institut de France. 'Correspondant' Section of
Botany, 1878.
GERMANY.
Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin). Corresponding Member,
1863; Fellow, 1878. Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, etc.
Corresponding Member, 1877. Schlesische Gesellschaft fur Vaterlandische
Cultur (Breslau). Hon. Member 1878. Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina
Academia Naturae Curiosorum (Dresden). 1857. (The diploma contains the
words "accipe... ex antiqua nostra consuetudine cognomen Forster." It was
formerly the custom in the "Caesarea Leopoldin-Carolina Academia", that
each new member should receive as a 'cognomen,' a name celebrated in
that branch of science to which he belonged. Thus a physician might be
christened Boerhave, or an astronomer, Kepler. My father seems to have
been named after the traveller John Reinhold Forster.) Senkenbergische
Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt am Main. Corresponding
Member, 1873. Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle. Member 1879.
Siebenburgische Verein fur Naturwissenschaften (Hermannstadt). Hon.
Member, 1877. Medicinisch-naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena.
Hon. Member, 1878. Royal Bavarian Academy of Literature and Science
(Munich). Foreign Member, 1878.
HOLLAND.
Koninklijke Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie (Batavia).
Corresponding Member, 1880. Societe Hollandaise des Sciences a Harlem.
Foreign Member, 1877. Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen te
Middelburg. Foreign Member, 1877.
ITALY.
Societa Geografica Italiana (Florence). 1870. Societa Italiana di
Antropologia e di Etnologia (Florence). Hon. Member, 1872. Societa dei
Naturalisti in Modena. Hon. Member, 1875. Academia de' Lincei di Roma.
Foreign Member, 1875. La Scuola Italica, Academia Pitagorica, Reale ed
Imp. Societa (Rome). "Presidente Onoraria degli Anziani Pitagorici,"
1880. Royal Academy of Turin. 1873. "Bressa" Prize, 1879.
PORTUGAL.
Sociedade de Geographia de Lisboa (Lisbon). Corresponding Member, 1877.
RUSSIA.
Society of Naturalists of the Imperial Kazan University. Hon. Member,
1875. Societas Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum (Moscow). Hon. Member, 1870.
Imperial Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Corresponding Member,
1867.
SPAIN.
Institucion Libre de Ensenanza (Madrid). Hon. Professor, 1877.
SWEDEN.
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Stockholm). Foreign Member, 1865.
Royal Society of Sciences (Upsala). Fellow, 1860.
SWITZERLAND.
Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel. Corresponding Member,
1863.
INDEX.
ABBOT, F.E., letter to.
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES (Philadelphia) elects Darwin a member.
AGASSIZ, Alexander, letter to.
AGASSIZ, Louis, Darwin's estimate of.
Letters to.
His attitude toward the 'Origin of Species.'
Reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
AGGREGATION, studied by Darwin.
'ALMANACK, THE NATURALISTS' POCKET,' mentioned.
ANDES, Darwin crosses the.
'ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,' mentioned.
ANTICIPATION of Darwin's views.
ANTS, observations on.
APPLETON, D., & CO., publish 'Origin of Species' in America.
ARGYLL, Duke of, criticises the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin's comments on his criticisms.
Darwin on his 'Reign of Law.'
Reviews the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
ARISTOTLE, Darwin's estimate of.
ARRANGEMENT of leaves on the stems of plants.
'ATHENAEUM,' Darwin on its review of the 'Origin of Species.'
Reports British Association discussion.
Darwin's letters to, in his own defence.
Criticises Darwin.
AUSTRALIA, development of animals in.
AUSTRALIAN flora.
AUSTRIAN expedition.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, extracts from.
AVELING, Dr., on Darwin's religious views.
Note.
BAIN, Alexander, letter to.
BALFOUR, Francis M., Darwin's estimate of.
BALY medal presented to Darwin.
BAER, K.E. von, agrees with Darwin.
BASTIAN, H.C., Darwin on his 'Beginnings of Life.'
BATES, H.W., Darwin on his insect fauna of the Amazon valley.
Letters to.
Darwin on his mimetic variations of butterflies.
BATS.
"BEAGLE", voyage of.
Darwin offered an appointment to the.
Her equipments.
Object of her voyage.
Her crew.
BEETLES, collecting.
BEHRENS, W., letter to.
BELL, T., describes Darwin's reptiles.
BELL-STONE of Shrewsbury mentioned.
BELT, Thomas, Darwin on his 'Naturalist in Nicaragua.'
BEMMELEN, A. van, letter to.
BENTHAM, George, his silence on natural selection.
Letter to Francis Darwin on his adoption of Darwin's views.
His view of natural selection.
Letters to.
BERKELEY, Rev. M.J., reviews the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
BERLIN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES elects Darwin corresponding member.
BET made by Darwin.
BLOMEFIELD (JENYNS), Rev. Leonard, Darwin becomes acquainted with.
Letters to.
Darwin on his 'Observations in Natural History.'
BLOOM on leaves and fruit, Darwin's work on.
BLYTH, Edward, mentioned.
BOOLE, Mrs., her letter on natural selection and religion.
Letter to.
BOOTT, Francis, mentioned.
BOTANY, Darwin's work on, and its relation to natural selection.
BOWEN, Francis, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
BRACE, C.L., and wife, Darwin on their philanthropic work.
BRAZIL, Emperor of, wishes to meet Darwin.
BREE, C.R., his work 'Species not Transmutable.'
Accuses Wallace of blundering, and is answered by Darwin.
BREEDING, sources of information on.
BRESSA prize presented to Darwin.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION discusses the 'Origin of Species.'
Oxford meeting of, allegorized.
Belfast meeting.
BRONN, H.G., edits the 'Origin of Species' in German.
Letters to.
Criticisms on the 'Origin of Species.'
BROWN, Robert, mentioned.
BRUNTON, T. Lauder, letter to.
BUCKLE, his system of collecting facts.
Darwin on his 'History of Civilisation.'
BUCKLEY, Miss A.B., letters to.
BUFFON, Darwin on.
BUNBURY, Sir C., mentioned.
BUTLER, Samuel, charges Darwin of falsehood.
BUTLER, Dr., his school at Shrewsbury.
BUTTON, Jemmy, a visit to.
CAIRNS, J.E., his lecture on 'The Slave Power.'
CAM BRIDGE, University of, makes Darwin LL.D.
Obtains memorial portrait of him.
CAMERON, Mrs., makes a photograph of Darwin.
CANARY ISLANDS, projected trip to.
CANDOLLE, Alphonse de, letters to.
His view of the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin on his 'Histoire des Sciences et des Savants.'
CARLYLE, Thomas, on Erasmus A. Darwin.
His interesting talk.
CARPENTER, W.B., letters to.
Reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
His work on 'Foraminifera.'
CARUS, J. Victor, letters to.
CATON, John D., letter to.
CHAMBERS, R., Darwin on his geological views.
CHANCE, not implied in evolution.
CHIMNEY-SWEEPS, Darwin's efforts for.
CIRRIPEDIA, monograph of the.
Nomenclature of.
Work on.
The so-called auditory sac of.
CIVIL WAR in the United States.
Darwin on.
CLARK, William, mentioned.
CLARK, Sir Andrew, is Darwin's physician.
CLIMATE and migration.
'CLIMBING PLANTS,' written and published.
Work on.
Republished in book-form.
COAL, discussion on submarine.
COHN, Prof., describes a visit to Darwin.
COLENSO, Bishop, his 'Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua.'
COLLECTING, Darwin on.
Butterflies.
COLLIER, John, paints Darwin's portrait.
COLOURS OF INSECTS.
CONTINENTAL EXTENSION, Darwin's reasons against.
CONTINENTS, permanence of.
COPE, E.D., Darwin on his theory of acceleration.
COPLEY MEDAL presented to Darwin.
'CORAL REEFS,' at work upon.
Opinions on.
Criticised by Semper.
Darwin's answer to Semper.
Darwin on Murray's criticisms of.
Second edition.
CRAWFORD, John, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
CREATIVE POWER.
'CREED OF SCIENCE,' read by Darwin.
CRESY, E., letter to.
CRICK, W.D., communicates to Darwin a mode of dispersal of bivalve shells.
CUTTING EDGES OF BOOKS, Darwin on.
DANA, Prof., sends Darwin 'Geology of U.S. Expedition.'
DARESTE, Camille, letter to.
DARWIN FAMILY.
DARWIN, Annie, Darwin's account of.
Death of.
DARWIN, Miss C., letter to.
DARWIN, Catherine, letters to.
DARWIN, Charles, studies medicine at Edinburgh.
Young man of great promise.
DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809-1882).
Table of relationship.
Ancestors.
Personal characteristics as traced from his forefathers.
Love and respect for his father's memory.
His affection for his brother Erasmus.
Autobiography.
Mother dies.
Taste for natural history.
School-boy experiences.
Humane disposition toward animals.
Goes to Dr. Butler's school at Shrewsbury.
Taste for long, solitary walks.
Inability to master a language.
Leaves school with strong and diversified tastes.
Fondness for poetry in early life.
A wish to travel first roused by reading 'Wonders of the World.'
Fondness for shooting.
Collects minerals and becomes interested in insects and birds.
Studies chemistry.
Goes to Edinburgh University.
And attends medical lectures.
Collects and dissects marine animals.
Attends meetings of the Plinian Royal Medical and Wernerian societies.
Attends lectures on geology and zoology.
Meets Sir J. Mackintosh.
Spends three years at Cambridge studying for the ministry.
Phrenological characteristics.
Reads Paley with delight.
Attends Henslow's lectures on botany.
His taste for pictures and music.
His interest in entomology.
Friendship of Prof. Henslow and its influence upon his career.
Meets Dr. Whewell.
Reads Humboldt's 'Personal Narrative' and Herschel's 'Introduction to the
Study of Natural History.'
Begins the study of geology.
Field-work in North Wales.
Voyage of the "Beagle".
Receives a proposal to sail in the "Beagle".
Starts for Cambridge and thence to London.
'Voyage of the "Beagle" the most important event in my life.'
Sails in the "Beagle".
His letters read before the Philosophical Society of Cambridge.
Returns to England.
Begins his 'Journal of Travels.'
Takes lodgings in London.
Begins preparing MS. for his 'Geological Observations.'
Arranges for publication of 'Zoology of the Voyage of the "Beagle".
Opens first note-book of 'Origin of Species.'
Meets Lyell and Robert Brown.
Marries.
Works on his 'Coral Reefs.'
Reads papers before Geological Society.
Acts as secretary of the Geological Society.
Residence at Down.
His absorption in science.
His publications.
'Geological Observations' published.
Success of the 'Journal of Researches.'
Begins work on 'Cirripedia.'
visits to water-cure establishments.
Work on the 'Origin of Species.'
Reads 'Malthus on Population.'
Begins notes on 'Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.'
Becomes interested in cross-fertilisation of flowers.
Publishes papers on dimorphic and trimorphic plants.
Publishes 'Descent of Man.'
First child born.
Publishes translation and sketch of 'Life of Erasmus Darwin.'
Methods of work.
Mental qualities.
Fond of novel reading.
A good observer.
Habits and personal appearance.
Ill health.
Fondness for dogs.
Correspondence.
Business habits.
Scientific reading.
Wide interest in science.
Journals of daily events.
Holidays.
Relation to his family and friends.
His account of his little daughter Annie.
How he brought up his children.
Manner towards servants.
As a host.
Modesty.
Not quick at argument.
Intercourse with strangers.
Use of simple methods and few instruments.
Perseverance.
Theorizing power.
Books used only as tools.
Use of note-books and portfolios.
Courteous tone toward his reader.
Illustration of his books.
Consideration for other authors.
His wife's tender care.
Cambridge life.
His character.
Intention of going into the church.
Appointment to the "Beagle".
The voyage.
Life at sea.
Views on slavery.
Excursion across the Andes.
Meets Sir J. Herschel.
Reaches home.
Life at London and Cambridge.
Residence at Cambridge.
Works on his 'Journal of Researches.'
Appointed secretary of Geological Society.
Visits Glen Roy.
Admiration for Lyell's 'Elements.'
Increasing ill-health.
At work on 'Coral Reefs.'
His religious views.
Life at Down, 1842-1854.
Reasons for leaving London.
Early impressions of Down.
Theory of coral islands.
Time spent on geological books.
Purchases farm in Lincolnshire.
Dines with Lord Mahon.
Daughter Annie dies.
His children.
Growth of views on 'Origin of Species.'
Plan for publishing 'Sketch of 1844,' in case of his sudden death.
Pigeon fancying enterprise.
Collecting plants.
General acceptance of his work.
Publishes 'Origin of Species.'
Elected correspondent of the Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia).
His views on the civil war in the United States.
At Bournemouth.
His view of Lyell's 'Antiquity of Man.'
Receives the Copley medal.
Elected to Royal Society of Edinburgh.
His conscientiousness in argument.
His intercourse with horticulturists and stock-raisers.
Elected to the Royal Society of Holland.
Made a knight of the Prussian order Pour le Merite.
Sits for a bust.
Declines a nomination for the degree of D.C.L. because of ill-health.
His connection with the South American Missionary Society.
His answers to Galton's questions on nature and nurture.
Sits for portrait to W. Ouless.
Elected to Physiological Society.
Replies to Miss Cobbe on vivisection in the "Times".
Publishes the 'Life of Erasmus Darwin.'
Sits for memorial portraits.
Receives various honours.
Makes a present to the Naples Zoological Station.
His answers to Galton's questions on the faculty of visualising.
Offers aid to Fritz Muller.
Replies to Sir W. Thomson on abyssal fauna.
His botanical work.
Builds a greenhouse.
Publishes work on the fertilisation of orchids.
Studies the bloom on leaves and fruit.
Studies the causes of variability.
Studies the production of galls.
Studies aggregation.
Encourages Torbitt's work on the potato disease.
Aids the preparation of the Kew 'Index of Plant-names.'
Death.
Burial in Westminster Abbey.
List of works.
DARWIN & Wallace's joint paper on variation.
DARWIN, Edward, author of 'Gamekeeper's Manual.'
DARWIN, Mrs. Emma (Wedgwood), letter to.
DARWIN, Erasmus (born 1731), poet and philosopher.
Character of.
Life published in English.
DARWIN, Erasmus (born 1759).
DARWIN, Erasmus Alvey (1804-1881), educated as a physician.
Character of.
Carlyle's sketch of his character.
Miss Wedgwood's letter on his character.
Letter from.
His death.
DARWIN, Robert, of Elston Hall.
Charles Darwin's estimate of.
DARWIN, Robert Waring, (born 1724), publishes 'Principia Botanica.'
DARWIN, Robert Waring, (born 1767), studies medicine at Leyden.
Settles in Shrewsbury.
Marries Susannah Wedgwood.
His son Charles's description of him.
His six children.
Letters to.
DARWIN, Susan, letters to.
DARWIN, William, of Marton, first known ancestor of Charles.
DARWIN, William, son of Richard, appointed yeoman of the Royal Armoury.
DARWIN, William (1655).
DARWYN, Richard, of Marton, mentioned.
DAVIDSON, Thomas, letter to, asking him to investigate brachiopods.
Letter to.
On British brachiopoda.
DE CANDOLLE, A., see Candolle, A. De.
DESCENT, doctrine of.
DESCENT OF ANIMALS.
'DESCENT OF MAN,' published.
Work on.
Reviews of.
Reception in Germany.
Wallace's views on.
Second edition.
Connected with socialism.
DESIGN IN NATURE, doctrine of.
DIAGRAMS OF DESCENT OF MAMMALS.
'DIFFERENT FORMS OF FLOWERS,' published.
Reviewed in 'Nature.'
DIGESTION OF PLANTS, Darwin's work on.
DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
DIVERGENCE OF CHARACTER, principle of.
DOGS, multiple origin of.
DOHRN, Anton, letter to.
DONDERS, F.C., letters to.
DOWN, description of.
DRIFT near Southampton, stones standing on end in.
DU BOIS-REYMOND agrees with Darwin.
DYCK, W.T. van, letter to.
DYER, W. Thiselton, on Darwin's botanical work.
Letters to.
EAR, human, infolded point of.
Earthquakes, paper read on.
EATON, J., extract from his book on 'Pigeons.'
'EDINBURGH REVIEW,' Darwin's criticisms on.
EDUCATION, Darwin on.
'EFFECTS OF CROSS And SELF-FERTILISATION,' published.
Work on.
ELECTRICAL ORGANS in fish.
ERRATIC BOULDERS of South America, paper on, read.
EVOLUTION, doctrine of, objections to, answered.
Not a doctrine of chance.
And teleology.
Neither anti-theistic nor theistic.
Mental.
EXPRESSION, facial, origin of.
'EXPRESSION OF The EMOTIONS,' published.
Work on.
Reviews of.
EYRE, Gov., Darwin's views on the prosecution of.
FABRE, J.H., letter to.
FALCONER, Hugh, letters to.
Mentioned.
Letter to Darwin.
Views on the origin of elephants.
Reclamation from Lyell's 'Antiquity of Man.'
FARRER, F.W., letter to.
FARRER, Sir Thomas H., aids Darwin's researches on earthworms.
Letters to.
FAWCETT, Henry, defends Darwin's reasoning.
'FERTILISATION OF ORCHIDS,' published.
FISKE, John, letter to.
FISHER, Mrs., letters to.
FITTON, W.H., mentioned.
FITZ-ROY, R.,captain of the "Beagle".
His character.
Meets Darwin.
Letters to.
His intention of resigning.
FLINT instruments.
FLOURENS, P.,on the 'Origin of Species.'
FLOWERS, fertilisation of.
FORBES, David, praises Darwin's work on Chile.
FORBES, Edward, his theory of change of level.
FORDYCE, J.,letter to.
FOREL, Aug., letter to.
'FORMATION OF VEGETABLE MOULD,' paper read on.
Published.
Work on.
Its reception.
FOX, William Darwin, Darwin's friendship with.
Letters to.
FRANCE, Institute of, elects Darwin corresponding member.
FRAUDS, scientific.
FREE-WILL, doctrine of.
FREKE, Dr., his 'Origin of Species by Means of Organic Affinity.'
FEUGIANS, Darwin's impressions of.
GALAPAGOS animals and plants.
GALLS, production of, studied by Darwin.
GALTON, Francis, mentioned.
His questions on nature and nurture, and Darwin's answers.
His questions on the faculty of visualising, and Darwin's answers.
'GARDENERS' CHRONICLE,' Darwin answers Mr. Westwood in.
GAUDRY, A., letter to.
GEIKIE, Archibald, his opinion of Darwin's geological works.
GEIKIE, James, letter to.
GENERA, varying of large.
GENERATION, spontaneous.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
'GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,' MS. begun.
'GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VOLCANIC ISLANDS' published.
Opinions on.
Second edition.
'GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOUTH AMERICA,' opinions on.
GEOLOGICAL RECORD, imperfection of.
Succession in.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Darwin wishes to become a member.
Papers contributed to.
GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS secured during voyage.
Disposed of.
GEOLOGICAL, importance of.
Of St. Jago.
Article on, in 'Admiralty Manual.'
Darwin on the progress of.
GERMANY, progress of natural selection in.
GERMINATION, experiments in.
GILBERT, J.H., letter to.
GLACIAL period, its effect on species.
Phenomena at Cwm Idwal.
GLACIERS, paper on ancient, in Wales.
GLEN ROY, Darwin visits.
'Observations' on, published.
Work criticised by D. Milne.
GOURMET CLUB and its members.
GOVERNMENT AID in publication of 'Zoology of Voyage of "Beagle".'
GRAHAM, W., letter to.
GRAY, Asa, his papers on natural selection and natural theology.
Letters to.
Letter to Hooker on the 'Origin of Species.'
On the 'Origin of Species.'
Reviews the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
Reviews the 'Variation of Animals and Plants.'
GRAY, J.E., mentioned.
GUNTHER, A., letters to.
GURNEY, E., letter to.
HAAST, Sir Julius von, letter to.
HAECKEL, E., his views on the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin's friendship with.
His work for natural selection in Germany.
Letters to.
HALIBURTON, Mrs., letters to.
HARVEY, W.H., criticises the 'Origin of Species.'
HAUGHTON, Rev. S., criticises Darwin and Wallace's joint paper.
HENSLOW, J.S., his friendship with Darwin.
His character.
Letter from.
Letters to.
Presides at the Oxford discussion on the 'Origin of Species.'
His views on natural selection.
His death.
HERBERT, John Maurice, Darwin's friendship with.
Letters to.
HERSCHEL, Sir J., Darwin's opinion of.
Meets Darwin.
HETEROGENY, Darwin on.
HIGGINSON, T.W., letter to.
HILDEBRAND, F., letters to.
HIPPOCRATES anticipates Darwin on pangenesis.
HOLMGREN, Frithiof, letter to.
HOLLAND, Royal Society of, elects Darwin a member.
HOLLAND, Sir Henry, his view of the 'Origin of Species.'
HOMOEOPATHY, Darwin's estimate of.
HONOURS conferred on Darwin, list of.
HOOKER, Sir Joseph D., Darwin's friendship for.
Letters to.
Letter from.
His reminiscences of Darwin.
On the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin on his 'Australian Flora.'
Answers Harvey.
Memorial on his treatment by the First Commissioner of Works.
Reviews the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
HOOKER, Sir William, mentioned.
HOPKINS, William, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
HUDSON, Darwin's reply to.
HUMBOLDT, Darwin's estimate of.
HUTTON, F.W., reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry, mentioned.
His opinion of Darwin's work on 'Cirripedes.'
On the 'Vestiges of Creation.'
On the 'Philosophie Zoologique.'
On the 'Principles of Geology.'
On the reception of the 'Origin of Species.'
Letters to.
On the 'Origin of Species.'
Reviews the 'Origin of Species' in 'Westminster Review.'
Defends Darwin before the British Association.
Contradicts R. Owen.
Letter from.
Lectures to workingmen on natural selection.
Asked by Darwin to write a text-book on zoology.
Replies to the 'Quarterly' reviewer on the 'Descent of Man.'
HYATT, Alpheus, letter to, on his theory of acceleration.
HYBRID GEESE, fertility of.
HYBRIDISM.
IMMORTALITY, Darwin's views upon.
'INFANT, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF AN.'
INFERIORITY inherited by the forms which are beaten.
INNES, Rev. J. Brodie, on Darwin's interest in village affairs.
On the 'Origin of Species' and the Bible.
On Darwin's conscientiousness.
Letter to.
'INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS,' published.
Work on.
INSECTS, instinct of.
As carriers of pollen.
INSTINCT, Darwin on.
ISLANDS, animals of.
ISOLATION, effect of, on the origin of species.
JARDINE, Sir W., mentioned.
JEFFREYS, Gwyn, mentioned.
JENKINS, Fleeming, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin on his criticisms.
JENYNS (BLOMEFIELD), Rev. Leonard, mentioned.
Letters to.
Letter from.
His 'Observations in Natural History.'
JONES, Dr. Bence, is Darwin's physician.
'JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES,' work on.
Lyell's opinion of.
The German translation and its reception.
Second edition published.
Dedication of.
Condemned in manuscript.
JUDD, Prof., his paper on 'Volcanoes of the Hebrides.'
On Darwin's desire to promote the progress of science.
JUKES, Joseph B., mentioned.
KEW, 'Index of Plant Names.'
KINGSLEY, Rev C., letter from, on the 'Origin of Species.'
KOCH'S RESEARCHES on splenic fever.
Darwin on.
KOLLIKER, Prof., is reviewed by Huxley.
KRAUSE, Ernst, criticises Bronn's German edition of the 'Origin of
Species.'
His essay on Erasmus Darwin published.
KROHN, Aug., finds mistakes in the 'Origin of Species.'
LAMARCK's discussion of the species question, its insufficiency.
Darwin on.
LANE, Dr., his recollections of Darwin.
LANGEL reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
LANKESTER, E. Ray, letter to.
LANSDOWNE, Marquis of, anecdote of.
LEE, Samuel, mentioned.
LESQUEREUX, Leo, accepts the doctrine of natural selection.
LEWES, G.H., reviews the 'Variation of Animals and Plants.'
LINDLEY, John, mentioned.
LINNEAN SOCIETY obtains memorial portrait of Darwin.
LITCHFIELD, Mrs., on Darwin's style.
Letter to.
LIZARDS.
LONSDALE, William, mentioned.
LOWELL, J.A., reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
LUBBOCK, Sir John, letters to.
On the burial of Darwin.
LYELL, Sir Charles, estimate of his character as a geologist.
Letters to.
Letters from.
Opinion of 'Coral Reefs.'
His views of the 'Origin of Species.'
On the origin of species by natural causes.
Admission of the doctrine of natural selection.
Darwin on his 'Antiquity of Man.'
Falconer's reclamation from his 'Antiquity of Man.'
Darwin on his 'Elements of Geology.'
His death.
Darwin's opinion of.
MACAULAY and his memory.
MCDONNELL, R., his study of electrical organs in fish.
MACKINTOSH, D., his work on erratic blocks.
MACLEAY, W.S., mentioned.
MADEIRA AND BERMUDA birds not peculiar.
MALAY ARCHIPELAGO,' Wallace's 'Zoological Geography of.
MAMMALS, descent of, from a single type.
MAN, all races of, descended from one type.
Antiquity of.
Origin of.
Relationship to apes.
MARRIAGES, consanguineous.
MARSH, O.C., letter to.
MASTERS, Maxwell, letter to.
MATTHEW, Patrick, anticipates the doctrine of natural selection.
MAW, George, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
MEDAL of Royal Society awarded to Darwin.
MEGATHERIUM sent down from heaven.
MESMERISM, Darwin's estimate of.
MILNE, D., criticises Glen Roy paper.
MIMETIC MODIFICATIONS in plants.
MIVART, St. G., Darwin on his 'Genesis of Species.'
His 'Genesis of Species' reviewed by Chauncey Wright.
Criticised by Huxley.
His 'Lessons from Nature' reviewed in the 'Academy.'
MODIFICATION.
MODIFICATIONS, absence of.
MOGGRIDGE, J.T., letter to.
MOJSISOVIC, E. von, Darwin on 'Dolomit Riffe.'
MONADS, persistence of.
MONSTERS.
MONSTROSITIES are sterile.
MORSE, E.S., letter to.
MOSELEY, H.N., letters to.
MULLER, Fritz, letters to.
His 'Fur Darwin' translated.
Receives offer of aid from Darwin.
MULLER, Hermann, letters to.
MULLER, Max, his 'Lectures on the Science of Language.'
MURRAY, Andrew, quoted on the 'Origin of Species.'
MURRAY, John, letters to.
MUSIC OF INSECTS.
MUTABILITY OF SPECIES.
NAGELI, C., his 'Entstehung und Begriff der Naturhistorischen Art.'
Letter to.
NAPLES Zoological Station receives a present from Darwin.
NATURAL HISTORY, Darwin's passion for.
NATURAL SELECTION, see Selection, natural.
NAUDIN, Darwin on.
NEUMAYR, Melchior, letter to.
NEVILL, Lady Dorothy, letter to.
NEWTON, A., letter to.
Reviews the 'Variation of Animals and Plants.'
NEW ZEALAND, animals of.
Plants of.
NOBILITY, natural selection among.
NOMENCLATURE of species, discussion on.
NORMAN, E., Darwin's secretary.
NOVARA expedition.
'OBSERVATIONS ON PARALLEL ROADS OF GLEN ROY,' published.
Extract from.
OGLE, William, letter to.
'ORCHIDS, FERTILISATION OF,' work on.
Published.
Reviews of.
Second edition published.
'ORCHIS BANK' described.
ORGANS, rudimentary.
'ORIGIN OF SPECIES,' first note-book of, opened.
Growth of the.
Published.
Its success.
Second edition.
Darwin's change of views upon.
Description of sketch of 1844.
Huxley's view of sketch of 1844.
Prof. Newton's view of same.
The writing of.
Abstract book.
Unorthodoxy of.
Faults of style.
Lyell on.
Huxley on.
Bishop Wilberforce on.
Huxley's summary of reviews of.
Answer to Lyell on.
H.C. Watson on.
Jos. D. Hooker on.
French translation proposed.
First German edition.
Reviewed in the "Times".
First American edition.
Asa Gray on.
Kingsley on.
And the Bible.
Rev. J. Brodie Innes on.
Reviewed in the 'Edinburgh Review.'
Reviewed in the 'North American Review.'
Reviewed in the 'Revue des deux Mondes.'
Reviewed in the "New York Times".
Reviewed in the "Christian Examiner".
Discussed by the British Association.
Reviewed in 'Quarterly Review.'
Reviewed in the 'London Review.'
Reviewed in the 'American Journal of Science and Arts.
Bronn's criticisms of.
Reviewed in the 'Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.'
Answers to criticisms on.
Third edition.
'Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the.'
Dutch edition.
First French edition.
Reviewed in the 'Geologist.'
Reviewed in the 'Dublin Hospital Gazette.'
Reviewed in the 'Zoologist.'
De Candolle's view of.
Haeckel's view of.
Gen. Sabine on.
Flourens on.
Second French edition.
Criticised by the Duke of Argyll.
Fourth edition.
Third German edition.
Russian editions of.
Fifth edition.
Reviewed in the 'North British Review.'
Reviewed in the 'Athenaeum.'
Third and fourth French editions.
Sixth edition.
Criticised by Pusey.
'Coming of age of.'
OSTRICH, Darwin discovers a new species of.
OULESS, W., paints Darwin's portrait.
OWEN, Sir R., criticises Darwin's theory.
Contradicted by Huxley.
His views on variation by descent.
PALEY's argument of design in nature no longer good.
His 'Natural Theology' mentioned.
PAMPAEAN FORMATION, Darwin on.
PANGENESIS, hypothesis of.
Opinions on.
Anticipated by Hippocrates.
PARKER, Henry, defends the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
PARSONS, Theophilus, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
PEACOCK, George, letter on appointment of naturalist to "Beagle".
Letter from, appointing Darwin to "Beagle".
PENGELLY, William, mentioned.
PERTHES, Boucher de, Darwin on.
PETRELS as agents of distribution.
PHILLIPS, John, mentioned.
PHILOSOPHICAL CLUB, its nature.
'PHILOSOPHIE ZOOLOGIQUE,' Huxley on.
PHOTOGRAPHS, albums of, presented to Darwin by German and Dutch scientists.
PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY elects Darwin an honorary member.
PICTET, Francois Jules, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
PIGEONS, Darwin's interest in.
PLANTS, fossil.
sexuality of.
A recent discovery.
PLATYSMA, contraction of, from shuddering.
PORTRAITS OF DARWIN, list of.
POTATO DISEASE, Torbitt's experiments on.
POUR LE MERITE, Darwin admitted to order.
POUTER PIGEON, variation in.
'POWER OF MOVEMENT IN PLANTS,' published.
Work on.
PRESTWICH, J., letter to.
PREYER, W., letter to.
PRIMOGENITURE, law of, Darwin on.
'PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY,' Huxley on.
PRIORITY, nomenclature of species by.
PROGRESSION, necessary.
PROTECTION, modification for.
PUSEY's criticisms of the 'Origin of Species.'
'QUARTERLY REVIEW,' recognises merits of 'Journal of Researches.'
QUATREFAGES, J.L.A. de, letters to.
RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF DARWIN, difficulties not created by science.
REMINISCENCES OF DARWIN by Hooker.
REVELATION, Darwin's disbelief in.
REVERSION, Darwin on.
REYMOND, Du Bois-, letter to.
RICHMOND, W.B., paints Darwin's portrait.
RIDLEY, C., letter to.
RIVERS, T., letter to.
ROBERTSON, G. Croom, letter to.
ROBERTSON, John, reviews the 'Origin of Species.'
RODWELL, Rev. J.M., letter to.
ROLLESTON, George, his 'Canons.'
ROMAN CATHOLIC church on evolution.
ROMANES, G.J., on Darwin's conscientiousness.
Letters to.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS presents the Baly medal to Darwin.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH elects Darwin honorary member.
ROYER, Mlle. Clemence, translates the 'Origin of Species.'
Publishes third French edition.
RUDIMENTARY organs.
SABINE, Gen., on the 'Origin of Species.'
SALTER, J.W., his diagram of spirifers.
'Sand-walk' described.
SANDERSON, J. Burdon, letter to.
SAPORTA, Marquis de, letter to.
SCHAAFFHAUSEN, H., claims to anticipate Darwin.
SCOTT, John, Darwin's estimate of.
SEDGWICK, Rev. Adam, mentioned.
On the 'Origin of Species.'
His review of the 'Origin of Species.'
Criticises the 'Origin of Species.'
On the imperfection of the geological record.
SEEDS, vitality of.
SELECTION, NATURAL, doctrine of, clearly conceived by Darwin about 1839.
Opposed to doctrine of design.
Effect of, on the scientific mind.
And religion.
Small effects of, in changing species.
Among the nobility.
Huxley's lectures to workingmen on.
Progress of.
Darwin anticipated on.
Use of the term.
Effect on sterility.
Progress among the clergy.
Progress of, in Germany.
Progress of, in France.
SELECTION, SEXUAL, instance of, in the dogs of Beyrout.
SEMPER, K., letters to.
SHELBURNE, Lord, anecdote of.
SLAVERY, Darwin's opinion of.
In the United States.
SMITH, Sydney, inexplicably amusing.
SOCIALISM and the descent of man.
SOCIETIES, learned, Darwin's membership in.
SOUTH AMERICAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, Darwin's connection with.
SPECIES, mutability of.
Origin of, effect of isolation on.
Specific centres.
SPENCER, Herbert, letters to.
Prof. Huxley's friendship with.
Darwin on.
Originates the term 'survival of the fittest.'
His impression of 'Pangenesis.'
SPIRITISM, Darwin on.
SPONTANEITY, Bain's theory of.
SPRENGEL, C.C., his work on the fertilisation of flowers.
STANHOPE, Lord, his parties of historians.
STEBBING, Rev. T.R.R., letter to.
STENDEL'S 'Nomenclator.'
STERILITY, effect of natural selection on.
Of moths.
STOKES, Admiral, Lord, extract from letter of.
STONES standing on end in the Southampton drift.
STRICKLAND, Hugh, letters to.
Letter from.
STRIPED HORSES.
STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.
STYLE of Darwin.
SUBLIMITY, where felt most by Darwin.
SULIVAN, B.J., letter to.
SULIVAN, Admiral Sir James, extract from letter of.
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, use of the term.
TEGETMEIER, W.B., extract from letter to.
TELEOLOGY, evolution and.
Darwin's revival of.
TENERIFFE, projected trip to.
THIEL, H., letter to.
THOMSON, Thomas, mentioned.
THOMSON, Sir Wyville, on abyssal fauna.
THORLEY, Miss, botanical work with.
THWAITES, G.J.K., mentioned.
TIERRA DEL FUEGO MISSION, Darwin's connection with.
"TIMES", its review of the 'Origin of Species.'
Darwin on.
TORBITT, James, his work on the potato disease.
TURIN, Royal Academy of, presents Darwin the Bressa prize.
TYLOR, E.B., letter to.
TYNDALL, John, praises the 'Origin of Species.'
USBORNE, A.B., extract from a letter of.
VAN DYCK, W.T., letter to.
VARIATIONS IN SPECIES, Wallace's essay on.
Darwin and Wallace's joint paper on.
Sudden.
Governed by design.
Cause of.
Mimetic, of butterflies.
Governed by design.
Mimetic, of plants.
In colours of insects.
Transmission of.
Analogical.
Darwin studies the causes of.
'VARIATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION,' work on.
Publication of.
Reviewed in the "Nation".
Russian edition.
Second edition.
Reviewed in the "Pall Mall Gazette".
Reviewed in the "Gardeners' Chronicle".
Reviewed in the "Athenaeum".
Reviewed in the 'Zoological Record.'
American edition.
VARIETIES, production of.
And species, collecting facts about.
'VESTIGES OF CREATION' read by Darwin.
Huxley on.
VINES, S.H., letter to.
VIRCHOW connects the descent of man with socialism.
VISUALISING, questions and answers on the faculty of.
VIVISECTION.
WAGNER, Moritz, criticised by A. Weismann.
Letters to.
WAGNER, R., mentioned.
WALLACE, A.R., sends essay to Darwin.
Letters to.
Essay on variation.
His 'Zoological Geography.'
Reviews the 'Descent of Man.'
Reviews Mivart's 'Lessons from Nature.'
Pension granted to.
Defends the 'Fertilisation of Orchids.'
WATKINS, Archdeacon, reminiscence of Darwin.
Letter to.
WATSON, H.C., mentioned.
On the 'Origin of Species.'
WEDGWOOD, Josiah, his character.
Mentioned.
Letter from.
WEDGWOOD, Miss Julia, on Erasmus Darwin, in "Spectator".
Letter to.
WEISMANN, August, letters to.
WELLS, Dr., anticipates Darwin on natural selection.
WESTMINSTER ABBEY, Darwin buried in.
WHEWELL, Dr., mentioned.
On the succession of species.
WHITLEY, C., letter to.
WIESNER, Julius, letter to.
WILBERFORCE, Bishop, criticises the 'Origin of Species.'
WILLIAM IV, coronation of.
WOODPECKER, Pampas, Darwin on.
WOOLNER, T., makes a bust of Darwin.
Discovers infolded point of the human ear.
WOLLASTON MEDAL.
WOLLASTON's 'Insecta Maderensia.'
His 'Variation of Species' referred to.
WORKS BY DARWIN, list of.
WRIGHT, Chauncey, letter from.
Letters to.
On his visit to Darwin at Down.
YARRELL, William, mentioned.
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Darwin visits.
Reads a paper at.
'ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. "BEAGLE",' arrangement for publication.