Natural History
章节目录
共 490 题- A Natural History for Young People
- Our Animal Friends
- IN THEIR Native Homes
- INCLUDING
- MAMMALS, BIRDS and FISHES
- BY
- MRS. PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS
- Copyright 1900
- By PHEBE WESTCOTT HUMPHREYS
- PREFACE.
- CONTENTS.
- PREFACE 5
- OUR ANIMAL FRIENDS 13
- QUADRUMANA—FOUR-HANDED MAMMALS.
- THE TAILLESS APES 17
- THE APE MONKEYS 23
- THE AMERICAN MONKEYS 27
- THE LEMURS 31
- CARNIVORA—FLESH-EATING QUADRUPEDS.
- PLANTIGRADE CARNIVORA—THE BEAR FAMILY. 33
- DIGITIGRADE CARNIVORA—THE HYENA FAMILY. 42
- THE CAT FAMILY 44
- THE DOG FAMILY 63
- THE WEASEL FAMILY 75
- THE CIVET FAMILY 80
- AMPHIBIOUS CARNIVORA—THE SEAL FAMILY. 81
- CHEIROPTERA—ANIMALS WITH WINGED HANDS. 86
- INSECTIVORA—INSECT-EATERS. 91
- EDENTATA—TOOTHLESS QUADRUPEDS.
- THE SLOTH FAMILY 94
- RODENTIA—GNAWING QUADRUPEDS 99
- MARSUPIALIA—POUCHED QUADRUPEDS. 111
- PACHYDERMATA—THICK-SKINNED QUADRUPEDS.
- THE ELEPHANT FAMILY 114
- THE TAPIR FAMILY 117
- THE RHINOCEROS FAMILY 118
- THE HOG FAMILY 120
- THE HORSE FAMILY 123
- RUMINANTIA—ANIMALS THAT CHEW THE CUD.
- THE CAMEL FAMILY 129
- THE MUSK DEER 133
- RUMINANTS WITH HAIRY HORNS.
- The Giraffe. 134
- RUMINANTS WITH HOLLOW HORNS.
- THE ANTELOPE FAMILY 134
- THE OX FAMILY 141
- RUMINANTS THAT SHED THEIR HORNS. 145
- CETACEA—THE WHALE FAMILY.
- BLOWING OR SPOUTING WHALES. 152
- HERBIVOROUS CETACEA 159
- BIRDS.
- BIRDS OF PREY 166
- THE OWL FAMILY 167
- HORNLESS OWLS 169
- THE FALCON FAMILY 169
- THE VULTURE FAMILY 173
- THE NATATORES—SWIMMING BIRDS.
- THE FAMILY OF DIVERS 176
- DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS 182
- THE PELICAN FAMILY 183
- LONG-WINGED SWIMMING BIRDS. 190
- GRALLATORES—WADING BIRDS.
- WADERS WITH UNITED TOES 195
- WADING-BIRDS WITH LONG BILLS 197
- WADING-BIRDS WITH KNIFE-SHAPED BILLS 199
- WADING-BIRDS WITH COMPRESSED BILLS 203
- THE SHORT-WINGED BIRDS 206
- SCRANSORES—CLIMBING BIRDS.
- THE PARROT FAMILY 209
- THE COCKATOO FAMILY 214
- THE CUCKOO FAMILY 214
- THE WOODPECKER FAMILY 217
- GALLINACEAE—DOMESTIC BIRDS.
- THE PARTRIDGE FAMILY 220
- THE GROUSE FAMILY 222
- THE PIGEON FAMILY 224
- THE PHEASANT FAMILY 225
- PASSERINES—THE SPARROW FAMILY.
- HUMMING BIRDS 229
- KING FISHERS 229
- CROWS 233
- RAVENS 233
- DIPPERS OR WATER WRENS 235
- FISHES.
- CARTILAGINOUS FISHES.
- THE LAMPREYS AND EELS 239
- THE FAMILY OF RAIAS OR FLAT-FISH 243
- THE SHARK FAMILY 249
- THE STURGEON FAMILY 252
- OSSEOUS, OR BONY FISHES 255
- FAMILY OF GLOBE FISH AND COFFERS 257
- PIPE-FISH AND SEA-HORSES 258
- THE SOFT-FINNED FISHES 259
- FLAT-FISH WITH SOFT FINS 260
- THIRD GROUP OF SOFT-FINNED FISHES 261
- THE SPINY-FINNED FISHES 267
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
- Brown Bear Colored Plate Frontispiece
- A Family of Tigers 6
- A Battle between the Lion and Tiger 12
- Flying Squirrels 16
- Gorillas 17
- Orang-Outang 20
- Chimpanzee 22
- Baboons or Dog Headed Monkeys 24
- Mandrill 26
- Bonnet Monkeys 28
- Weeping Monkeys 30
- Lemur or Fox Headed Monkeys 31
- Sloth Bear 32
- Grizzly Bear and Buffalos 35
- Panther Surprised by a Tree Snake 36
- Polar Bear 39
- Striped Hyena 42
- Wild Cats 45
- Angora Cat 46
- Pumas Fighting over Vultures 53
- Caracal Defending His Booty from Jackals 54
- Jaguar 57
- Lynx Attacking Fawn 59
- Esquimaux Dogs 62
- Newfoundland Dog 63
- Hyena Dogs 66
- Wolf 67
- Jackal 70
- Foxes at Home 72
- Weasels and Ermines 75
- Marten 76
- Otter Fishing for His Dinner 78
- Mangousts 79
- Genets 80
- Common Seal 82
- Sea Elephants 83
- Walrus 84
- Long-nosed Bats 85
- Sea Lions in Battle 87
- Whale Attacking Bloodheads 88
- Long-eared Bats 89
- The Elephant Shrew 92
- Hedgehogs 93
- Sloths 95
- Armadillos 96
- Ant-Eater or Ant Bear 97
- Beavers 100
- Porcupines 103
- Goat Defending His Family from a Lynx 105
- Bisons in Battle 106
- Village of Prairie Dogs 107
- Rabbits 108
- Giant Kangaroos 112
- Elephant in the Jungle 115
- Hippopotamus 116
- Indian Tapir 118
- One-horned Rhinoceros 119
- Wild Boars 121
- Wart Hogs 122
- Shetland Ponies 124
- Domestic Donkey 125
- Zebras 126
- Dromedary 128
- Camel 130
- Llama 131
- Paca 132
- Giraffe 135
- Gnu 136
- Gazelles 137
- Mountain Sheep 140
- American Buffalo 142
- Yak 144
- American Deer 146
- Reindeer 148
- Elk or Moose 149
- Pot Whale 155
- Dolphin 157
- Narwhal 158
- Manatee 160
- Eagle, Colored Plate 164
- Tailor Bird 165
- Owls 167
- Harpy or Crested Eagle 170
- Buzzards 172
- Eagle Picking up an Ice Fox 177
- Falcons Fighting 178
- Penguin 179
- Black Necked Swans 184
- Pelicans 186
- Vulture and Griffin Fighting over Prey 187
- Condor Capturing Llama 188
- Albatros 191
- King Fishers 192
- Reed Hen 193
- Ostrich on Her Nest 194
- Woodcock 198
- Broad-billed Stork of Africa 200
- Jabiru 201
- Spoonbill 203
- Amazonian Parrot 210
- Ivory Billed Woodpeckers 211
- Heathcocks Fighting 212
- Cockatoos 213
- Toucan 216
- Spotted and Downy Woodpeckers 218
- Common Gray Partridge 221
- Crowned Pigeon 223
- Golden Pheasants 225
- Sword Bill Humming Bird 230
- Crested Humming Birds 231
- Crows and Ravens 232
- Dippers or Water Wrens 234
- Flying Fish. Colored Plate 238
- Sea Eel 242
- White Ray 244
- Lump Fish 245
- Herring Attacked by Whales 247
- Diver Battling with a Shark 248
- Dog Fish 251
- Sturgeon 253
- Chimaera 255
- Coffer or Ostracion 256
- Diodon 258
- Pipe Fish 259
- Chaetodon 262
- Red Gurnard 267
- Flying Gurnard 268
- Sword Fish Spearing His Prey 269
- Archer Fish 271
- THE GORILLA—THE STRONGEST APE.
- THE ORANG-OUTANG—THE WILD MAN OF THE WOODS.
- THE CHIMPANZEE—THE MAN-LIKE APE.
- THE BABOONS—THE DOG-HEADED MONKEYS.
- THE MANDRILLS—THE BRILLIANT MONKEYS.
- CURIOUS MONKEYS OF THE MACAQUES FAMILY.
- THE WANDEROO.
- THE BARBARY APE.
- THE BONNET MACAQUES.
- THE AMERICAN MONKEYS.
- THE HOWLING MONKEYS.
- THE SPIDER MONKEYS.
- THE WEEPING MONKEYS.
- THE LEMURS, OR FOX-HEADED MONKEYS.
- PLANTIGRADE CARNIVORA—THE BEAR FAMILY.
- THE BROWN OR ALPINE BEAR.
- THE COLLARED AND THE AMERICAN BEAR.
- THE GRIZZLY, OR “FEROCIOUS BEAR.”
- THE WHITE, OR POLAR BEAR.
- THE LABIATED, OR SLOTH BEAR.
- DIGITIGRADE CARNIVORA—THE HYENA FAMILY.
- THE STRIPED HYENA.
- THE SPOTTED HYENA.
- THE HUNTING HYENAS.
- THE CAT FAMILY.
- WILD AND DOMESTIC CATS.
- THE LION—THE KING OF BEASTS.
- THE TIGER.
- THE LEOPARD.
- THE PANTHER.
- THE JAGUAR.
- THE PUMA OR COUGAR.
- THE OCELOT.
- THE LYNXES.
- THE EUROPEAN LYNX.
- THE CANADA LYNX.
- THE CARACAL.
- THE OUNCE AND SERVAL.
- THE CHEETAH.
- THE DOG FAMILY.
- THE HYENA DOG.
- THE DESTRUCTIVE WOLF.
- THE JACKAL.
- THE FOXES.
- THE FENNEC FOX.
- THE COMMON FOX.
- THE WEASEL FAMILY.
- THE ERMINE.
- THE MARTENS.
- THE OTTERS.
- THE CIVET FAMILY.
- THE MANGOUSTS.
- THE GENETS.
- AMPHIBIOUS CARNIVORA.
- THE COMMON SEAL.
- THE SEA-LIONS.
- THE SEA-ELEPHANTS.
- THE WALRUS OR MORSE.
- CHIEROPTERA—ANIMALS WITH WINGED-HANDS.
- THE LONG-EARED BATS.
- THE LONG-NOSED BATS.
- THE VAMPIRES.
- INSECTIVORA—INSECT-EATERS.
- THE SHREWS.
- THE WATER-SHREWS.
- THE ELEPHANT SHREW.
- THE HEDGEHOGS.
- EDENTATA—TOOTHLESS QUADRUPEDS.
- THE SLOTH FAMILY.
- THE ARMADILLOS.
- THE ANT-EATERS.
- THE PANGOLINS.
- RODENTIA—GNAWING QUADRUPEDS.
- THE BEAVERS.
- THE PORCUPINE FAMILY.
- COMMON PORCUPINES.
- THE BRUSH-TAILED PORCUPINE.
- THE CANADIAN PORCUPINE.
- PREHENSILE-TAILED PORCUPINES.
- THE SQUIRREL FAMILY.
- GREY SQUIRRELS.
- THE FLYING SQUIRRELS.
- MARMOTS AND PRAIRIE DOGS.
- HARES AND RABBITS.
- THE PICAS AND THE CALLING HARES.
- MARSUPIALIA—POUCHED QUADRUPEDS.
- THE KANGAROO FAMILY.
- THE OPOSSUMS.
- PACHYDERMATA—THICK-SKINNED QUADRUPEDS.
- THE ELEPHANT FAMILY.
- THE HIPPOPOTAMUS.
- THE TAPIRS.
- THE RHINOCEROS FAMILY.
- THE ONE-HORNED RHINOCEROS.
- THE TWO-HORNED RHINOCEROS.
- THE BOAR FAMILY.
- THE WILD BOAR.
- THE WART HOGS.
- THE PECCARIES.
- THE HORSE FAMILY.
- THE WILD AND DOMESTIC DONKEY.
- THE ZEBRA.
- THE HEMIONUS OR DSHIKKETEE.
- THE QUAGGA.
- THE DAUW.
- QUADRUPEDS THAT CHEW THE CUD.
- THE CAMEL FAMILY.
- THE DROMEDARY.
- THE LLAMAS.
- THE PACA.
- THE VICUNA.
- THE MUSK DEER.
- THE HORNED RUMINANTS.
- RUMINANTS WITH HAIRY AND PERMANENT HORNS.
- RUMINANTS WITH HOLLOW HORNS.
- THE CHAMOIS.
- THE GAZELLES.
- THE GNU.
- THE GOATS.
- THE COMMON GOAT.
- THE IBEX.
- THE BEZOARGOAT.
- THE SHEEP.
- THE OX FAMILY.
- THE AMERICAN BUFFALO.
- THE MUSK OX.
- THE EUROPEAN BUFFALO.
- THE CAPE BUFFALO.
- THE YAK.
- THE JUNGLE OX.
- THE COMMON BUFFALO.
- RUMINANTS WHICH SHED THEIR HORNS.
- THE REINDEER.
- THE ELKS.
- THE DEER PROPER.
- THE RED DEER.
- THE CANADIAN STAG.
- THE VIRGINIAN DEER.
- THE SAMBOO, AXIS AND PORCINE DEER.
- THE FALLOW DEER.
- THE COMMON ROE.
- CETACEA—THE WHALES.
- THE WHALE, AND ITS ENEMIES.
- THE CACHALOTS.
- THE WHALEBONE WHALES.
- THE DOLPHINS.
- THE PORPOISES.
- THE NARWHALS.
- HERBIVOROUS CETACEANS.
- THE MANATEES.
- THE SOUTH AMERICAN MANATEE.
- THE DUGONGS.
- BIRDS OF PREY.
- THE OWL FAMILY.
- THE HORNED OWLS.
- THE LONG-EARED OWL.
- HORNLESS OWLS.
- THE FALCON FAMILY.
- THE EAGLES.
- THE STONE EAGLE.
- THE SEA EAGLE.
- THE BUZZARDS.
- THE VULTURE FAMILY.
- THE BEARDED GRIFFON.
- THE CONDOR.
- THE NATATORES, OR SWIMMING BIRDS.
- THE BLACK-THROATED DIVER.
- THE FAMILY OF DIVERS.
- THE GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.
- THE PENGUINS.
- THE AUK.
- THE GREBES.
- DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS.
- DUCKS.
- GEESE.
- SWANS.
- THE PELICAN FAMILY.
- THE CRESTED PELICAN.
- THE WHITE PELICAN.
- THE BROWN PELICAN.
- THE SPECTACLED PELICAN.
- THE LONG-WINGED SWIMMING BIRDS.
- THE GRALLATORES, OR WADING BIRDS.
- THE WADERS WITH UNITED TOES.
- THE AVOCET.
- THE STILT BIRDS.
- LONG-TOED WADERS.
- WADING BIRDS WITH LONG BILLS.
- THE WOODCOCK.
- THE SNIPES.
- WADING BIRDS WITH KNIFE-SHAPED BILLS.
- THE STORKS.
- THE SPOONBILL.
- THE WADING BIRDS WITH COMPRESSED BILLS.
- THE FRIGATE BIRD AND FLAMINGOES.
- THE FRIGATE BIRD.
- THE SHORT-WINGED BIRDS.
- THE OSTRICH.
- THE SCANSORES, OR CLIMBING BIRDS.
- THE PARROTS.
- THE COCKATOOS.
- THE CUCKOOS.
- HONEY-GUIDES OR INDICATORS.
- ANIS AND BARBETS.
- TROGONS AND TURACOS.
- THE TOUCANS.
- THE WOODPECKERS.
- THE JACAMARS.
- THE GALLINACEAE, OR DOMESTIC BIRDS.
- THE PARTRIDGES.
- THE GROUSE AND THE HEATHCOCK.
- THE PIGEONS.
- THE PHEASANTS.
- THE PASSERINES, OR THE SPARROW FAMILY.
- THE PERCHING BIRDS WITH UNITED TOES.
- THE HORNBILLS.
- THE FLY-CATCHERS.
- THE KING-FISHERS.
- THE BEE-EATERS.
- THE MOTMOTS.
- PERCHING BIRDS WITH LONG BEAKS.
- THE HUMMING-BIRDS.
- THE CROWS.
- THE DIPPERS.
- CARTILAGINOUS FISHES.
- THE LAMPREYS AND THE EELS.
- THE EELS.
- ELECTRICAL EELS.
- SEA EELS.
- SAND EELS.
- COMMON EELS.
- CONGER EELS.
- THE FAMILY OF RAIAS, OR FLAT-FISH.
- THE WHITE RAY.
- THE LUMP-FISH.
- THE TORPEDO, OR CRAMP FISH.
- THE SHARK FAMILY.
- THE DOG-FISH.
- THE HAMMERHEAD.
- THE SAW-FISH.
- THE STURGEON FAMILY.
- THE CHIMERA.
- THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FISHES.
- THE FAMILY OF GLOBE FISH AND COFFERS.
- THE DIODONS.
- THE COFFERS.
- THE FILE-FISH.
- THE PIPE-FISH AND SEA-HORSES.
- THE SEA-HORSE.
- THE FAMILY OF SOFT-FINNED FISHES.
- SOME STRANGE SPECIMENS.
- THE FLAT-FISHES OF THE SOFT-FINNED FAMILY.
- THE SOLES.
- THE TURBOT.
- THE FLOUNDERS AND PLAICE.
- THE HALIBUT AND THE DAB.
- THE THIRD GROUP OF SOFT-FINNED FISHES.
- THE CHEATODONS.
- FLYING-FISH.
- THE HERRING.
- THE FAMILY OF SPINY-FINNED FISHES.
- THE GURNARDS.
- THE SWORD-FISH.
- THE ARCHER FISH.