from the Gentlemen you sent to us, your loyal and unanimous resolutions
for the advancement of our service, and for your sending to our standard
two hundred armed soldiers, and moneys for their conduct and maintenance,
for which soe considerable assistance as we return you hereby our royall
thanks, soe we must desire you to speede the sending hither of those
soldiers unto our standard, all that may be. And least any disaffected
to us and our service should presume to oppose you in this work, we
authorise and command you to use your utmost power and endeavour to
apprehend and bring in safe custodie to us any one or more that shall
appear in opposition or disturbance of you herein. As alsoe for your
more effectual proceeding in this service, and for the security of our
good subjects in that our countie from intestine tumults and danger, to
make use of the magazin now remaining there, and of such further power of
the countie as to you shall seem meete upon all occasions, for which
these our letters shall be your sufficient warrant. Given at our Court
at Shrowsbury, the 28th day of September, in the eighteenth year of our
raigne, 1642.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _of the countie of Carnarvon_
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and well-beloved, having great assurance of your constant and well
affections unto us in this time of iminent danger, when our owne and our
whole kingdom safety is concerned, and being informed and satisfied how
much you have expressed your devotions to our service, We shall at all
times bee ready to remember your cheerefulness thereof, and not doubting
of your continuance to doe all things that may conduce to the furtherance
of our safety, we do hereby give you direction, that for such moneys as
you have or shall raise voluntarily within your countie for our
assistance this time, over and above what is for the conducting of our
owne trayned bands, you do paye the same unto John Owen, of Cleneney, in
our countie of Carnarvon, Esq. one of our Colonells, who is thereby to be
enabled to rayse a regiment to bring his several companies to our
standard. And for so doing this shall be to you and every of you a
sufficient warrant.—Given at our Court at Chester, the five and twentieth
day of September, 1642.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _in the countie of Carnarvon_
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and well beloved, we greete you well. Whereas we have by our
commission under our great seal, authorized and intrusted our trustie and
well-beloved Colonell John Owen to raise in these parts, command, and
unto our royal standard to conduct one regiment of foote, for our special
service, our will and pleasure is, that you issue unto the said Colonell
all such moneys as by you have been for our use received out of the free
subscription or contribution of our good subjects of that our countie,
which money we have assigned him upon the account of the said regiment,
and for your soe doing this, together with his acquittance acknowledging
the receit thereof shall be your sufficient warrant and discharge. Given
under our sign manuel at our Court at Shrewsbury this 28th day of
September, 1642.
_To our trustie and well-beloved Sir Wm. Williams_, _Bart. and Humphrey
Jones_, _Esq. of the countie of Carnarvon_
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trustie and well-beloved, we greete you well. Whereas Rebellion is
raysed against us and forces are marching towards us, which hath already
wrought a general distraction throughout this our Realme, to the great
disturbance and grievance of all our good and well-affected subjects of
whose wealth we are as tender as of our owne; we are necessitated for the
defence of own person and of this kingdom and the religion and lawe
established, to use all expedient means for our assistance at this time.
And whereas we have received good testimony of the good affections and
forward zeale of our loving subjects in the Principality of Wales,
particularly in our countie of Carnarvon, and of their readiness to serve
us for the preservation of the kingdom in this extremity, which we looke
upon as an expression of their great fidelity, and shall remember it to
their satisfaction, we shall not doubt of your willingness to give
obedience to our present directions thus sent to each of you for what is
in your power to perform for the furtherance of the publique safety. We
in confidence thereof doe hereby will and require you, and every of you,
that such publique moneys as have been raysed or ought to have been payed
for the safetie and defence of the kingdome within our sayd countie of
Carnarvon, and do remayne in one or any of your hands, that you pay the
same unto the hands of John Owen of Cleneney, in our sayd countie, Esq.
one of the Colonells who is to bring a regiment of volunteers, That
thereby he may be enabled to raise his companies, and to bring them unto
our standard. And this our warrant shall be his discharge unto you and
every of you for soe doing. And we further require that you do
immediately upon receit hereof, return severally answers in writing unto
us, when you and every of you shall be moved thereto, by the said
Colonell Owen or any on his behalf. Given at Wrexham, the 27th of
September, 1642.
_To our trustie and wel beloved Sir W. Williams_, _Bart. Wm. Glynn_,
_Owen Wynn_, _T. Madryn_, — _Hookes_, _Arthur Williams_, — _Griffith_,
_Esq. and Commissioners of the Peace for the countie of Carnarvon_, _&c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trustie and well-beloved, we greete you well. Whereas we have lately
signified our pleasure unto you that the following contribution money of
our countie of Carnarvon should be payed to Collonell John Owen towards
the charge of that Regiment, which he was appointed by us to rayse. And
we likewise directed our letters to severall persons who had collected
the publique moneys of the same countie, which were collected for the
defence of the kingdome, that they should pave them towards the same
charge as beinge for the common defence of the whole kingdome.
Notwithstanding we understande noe parte of these moneys is payd as we
directed. And that Regiment which by our special appointment is to march
immediately is in danger to disband for want of present supplie which as
it is much contrarie to our expectation, who have always hitherto found
the forwardness and good affections of the countie toward our service,
soe may tend much to our deservice especially at this time, when we have
occasion to make tryall of the Loyalty and forwardness of all our
subjects, and the payment of those moneyes to the said Colonell beinge
more acceptable and of more service unto us, than if they had been payd
unto our owne hands, who must otherwise have sent them towards the
supplyinge of that Regiment. We doe desire to have cause still to
continue our gracious opinion of our gracious opinion of our subjects of
that countie. And we are confident if we have not satisfaction herein,
it is through the coldness or disaffection of some particular persons who
prefer private ends before the publique. And therefore our will is, that
you use all possible diligence that we may have satisfaction herein by
speedy advance of the contribution moneyes, and calling upon those who
keepe the publique moneyes in their hands, that they forthwith pay them
to Colonell Owen, or otherwise that you certifie unto us with all speed,
by whose meanes our service is so much disturbed, that we may knowe and
recompence such persons according to their desert. And for that it much
concerns our service that the forces raysed in that countie should all
march in one body, our will is, that those 500 armed men, which are by
that countie to be sett forth for our service, be joyned with the sayde
Regiment and speedily march with them towards us according to such
directions as we have given to the sayd Collonell Owen. Given at our
Court at Woodstock the 29th day of October, in the eighteenth year of our
Reigne.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _&c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and well-beloved we greet you well. Whereas we have constituted
and appointed our deerest sonne the Prince to be our Lieutenant Generall
in our counties of Worcester, Salop, Chester and North Wales, and have
appointed our right trusty and well-beloved Arthur Lord Capell cheefe
Commander of the same under him, and whereas we have resolved to rayse in
our said counties a Regiment of fifteen hundred foote to be the liefe
guard of our said deerest Sonne. These are to will and require you to
make the same known to our good subjects of that countie, and to take
speedy and effectual order for the leavying and arming of the said
Regiment, according to our Commission in that behalf granted to our
trustie and welbeloved Serjeant Major Woodhouse whom we have appointed to
levy and command them. Soe not doubting of your ready assistance herein,
we bid you heartily farewell. Given at our Court att Oxford, the 18th
day of March, 1642.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _and Sheriff of Carnarvon_
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trustye and well-beloved, we greet you well.—Whereas we are informed,
that you have diverse peeces of Artillery, which may be of use and avayle
to our citty of Worcester and towne of Shrowsbury, if they shall be
removed thither respectively, and there mounted for the defence of those
places. And being further assured of your good affections to our person,
and the advancement of our service, we pray you (all private
communications being layd aside) to lend unto us your sayd severall
peeces of Artillery, with all their Appurtenances, to be conveyed
foorthwith unto, and employed in our sayd cittye and towne, at the proper
costs and charges of them respectively, as alsoe, att their like charges,
for the returne of the sayd peeces of Artillery and their appurtenances
home againe, att the end of the service, unless in the interim it shall
be agreed betweene you and the sayd townes, to buy and sell the sayd
peeces, for such price and consideration as they can respectively accord
for them, or any of them. Of this service we desire you not to fayle,
being of much consequence to our affayres, and in performance whereof,
you shall do us a good pleasure, for which these our letters shall be
your warrant. Given under our signett, at our Court at Oxford, the 31st
December, 1642.
_To John Griffith_, _Esq. &c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and welbeloved, we greete you well.—Whereas we have entrusted and
authorised our right trusty and welbeloved Arthur Lord Capell to be our
Lieutenant General of that and other of our counties, and to provide for
the security and preservation thereof by the best ways and means he can
devise. And whereas it hath been thought requisite and necessary for the
purpose aforesaid to levy a competent number of foote and Dragoons in our
said countie. Our will and pleasure is that in order to our said service
you shall receive and assist any warrants of Commissioners as are or
shall be issued from the said Lord Capell, with the same care and respect
as if they were our owne, since what he hath done or shall doe herein is
done by our command, direction, commission and authority, and for soe
doing this shall be your warrant. Given at our Court att Oxford, the
15th day of June, 1643.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _&c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and welbeloved, we greete you well.—Whereas we are informed that
Sir Thos. Middleton, Knt. is made Lieutenant General of North Wales by
Commission from one or both of our Houses of Parliament, and whereas
Edward Vaughan, Gent. hath withdrawn himself from our allegiance,
contrary to our express command, for the prevention of all danger and
mischief that may proceed from either of them to our countie or any part
of North Wales, our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby require you
and every of you to use your utmost power and industrie to apprehend or
seize the persons of the said Sir Thos. Middleton and Edward Vaughan, and
having seized them to keep them in safe custody, until you shall receive
our further order on that behalf. And for so doing this shall be your
sufficient warrant. Given at our Court at Oxford, the 16th of June,
1643.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _&c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trusty and well beloved, we greet you well. We are very sensible of your
free and reall expressions of your loyalty and affection to us upon all
occasions, for the advance of our service:—And though we might well
conceive it needlesse to stir you up to the performance of these duties,
whereunto you are already very forward, yet we thought good hereby to put
you in mind of the great necessity of providing moneys for the
maintenance of our forces, for the defence of those parts against the
rebells, and to propose unto you, as that which we think a very fit
course, that you follow the good example of our good subjects of our
countie of Salop, and join with our trusty and well-beloved Arthur, Lord
Capell, in advising upon, and raysing some competent monthly contribution
in that our county, proportionable to what they have levyed, and also in
advancing such considerable sums of money as you can provide, according
as divers of our well-affected subjects of the gentry of Salop have
already done. We also think it very requisite, and have signified so
much to the Lord Capell, that the High Sheriff of that our countie,
should attend him about this affair, and that some person well affected,
may be chosen out of our said countie to be always resident with him,
that may receive advertisement of your proceedings in this business, and
may signifie from time to time to that our countie, the condition of our
affairs there, soe not donating of your ready compliance herein, wee bid
you heartily farewell. Given at our Court at Oxford, the 23rd June,
1643.
_To the Commissioners of Array_, _of the County of Carnarvon_, _&c._
* * * * *
CHARLES REX.
Trustie and well beloved, we greete you well. It cannot but be
displeasing to us that any of our subjects, especially such as you, who
should be good examples to others, should neglect our service, and the
authorities of such to whom we have given power to call you hereunto,
such hath been your wilful declining, as we hear, of the Lord Capell’s
summons to you by his Letters, to appear and join with the rest of the
countyes under his command, that we do assure you, if we hear not shortly
of your better complyance with him, we shall have much cause to suspect
your disaffection, for the urgency of our affairs now admits not of
procrastinations, nor our reall service of coldness. Given at our Court
at Oxford, the last day of July, 1643.
_To the Sheriff and Commissioners of Array_, _of the countie of
Carnarvon_
A
CATALOGUE
OF
Some of the Rarer Plants
WHICH GROW
_IN CAERNARVONSHIRE_,
WITH THE HABITATS OF THE MOST RARE.
_BY MR. J. ROBERTS_, _SURGEON_, _CAERNARVON_.
Veronica Spicata, _a_ {xxi}
Salvia verbenaca
Iris fætidissima
Schænus albus
Lycopus europæus
Poa alpina
Festuca rubra
— vivipara
Rotbollia incurvata
Galium cruciatum, _a_
— boreale, _b_
Centunculus minimus
Rubia peregrina
Alchemilla alpina, _c_
Pulmonaria maritima
Hottonia palustris
Convolvulus soldanella
Campanula hederacea
Lobelia dortmanna
Samolus valerandi
Euonymus europæus
Viola lutea, _d_
Beta maritima
Salsola kali
Crithmum maritimum
Œnanthe pimpinelloides
Scandix odorata
Sambucus ebulus
Parnassia palustris, _e_
Drosera longifolia
Viburnum opulus
Scilla verna
Anthericum serotinum, _f_
Juncus acutus
— triglumis, _g_
Rumex digynus
Triglochin maritimum
Alisma natans, _h_
Vaccinium vitis idæa
Saxifraga stellaris
— nivalis, _i_
— oppositifolia, _i_
— cœspitosa, _i_
— palmata, _i_
— hypnoides, _i_
— platypetala, _i_
Silene nutans, _k_
— acaulis
Arenaria verna
— peploides
Sedum rupestre, _c_
Cerastium alpinum, _c_
— latifolium, _l_
Euphorbia portlandica
Spiræa filipendula
Pyrus aria, _m_
Rubus saxatalis, _n_
— chamæmorus
Potentilla verna, _a_
Geum rivale
Papaver cambricum
Nymphæa lutea
—alba
Cistus marifolius, _a_
Thalictrum minus
— alpinum, _c_
Trollius europæus
Ajuga alpina
Galeopsis grandiflora, _o_
Galeobdolon luteum, _p_
Scutellaria minor
Antirrhinum orontium
Scrophularia vernalis, _a_
Lamium album
Crambe maritima
Subularia aquatica, _q_
Draba incana
Arabia hispida, _l_
— thaliana
Cheiranthus sinuatus
Erodium cicutarium
— maritimum
Geranium sanguineum
Malva moschata
Lavatera arborea
Fumaria claviculata
Genista tinctoria
Anthyllis vulneraria
Orobus sylvaticus
Lathyrus sylvestris, _r_
Vicia sylvatica
Medicago sativa, _s_
Hypericum androsæmum
— dubium
Tragopogon pratensis
Hedypnois taraxaci
Hieracium alpinum
Cichorium intybus
Serratula alpina, _b_
Gnaphalium dioicum, _b_
Orchis pyramidalis, _a_
Orchis conopsea
Satyrium viride
— albidum
Ophrys ovata
— cordata, _u_
Serapias ensifolia, _v_
Malaxis paludosa, _w_
Sparganium natans, _x_
Carex dioica
— atrata
— fulva, _c_
— rigida
— vesicaria
Salix herbacea, _c_
Empetrum nigrum
Juniperus communis
Rhodiola rosea
Myrica gale
Ophioglossum vulgatum
Osmunda regalis
— lunaria
Lycopodium clavatum
— selaginoides
— selago
— annotimum, _g_
— alpinum
Polypodium arvonicum, _y_
Aspiduim lonchitis
— Thelypteris
— oreopteris
— aculeatum
Asplenium marinum
— viride
— Septentrionale
Scolopendruim ceterach
Pteris crispa
Cyathea fragile
— regia
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense
Isoetes lacustris, _q_
_The following are recommended as good Guides_:
Thomas Williams, of Glan y Bala, or the Cottage between the Lakes,
Llanberis.
Thomas Phillips, Thomas Griffith, and all the Boatmen at Cwm y glo,
Llanrug.
FEET.
Height of SNOWDON, according to the Trigonometrical 3561
observations for the General Survey of England and Wales
Do. By Mr. Wollaston’s Thermometrical Barometer from 3546,25
Carnarvon Quay
Trigonometrically, according to General Roy 3555,4
Barometrically, according to Do. 3548,9
MOEL ÆLIA, do. do. 2350,55
— do. do. 2371
— do. do. 2391,8
Highest point of the RIVALS 1866
CADAIR IDRIS 2914
GARN FADRYN 1233
Footnotes
{12} It is in this manner, (observes Mr. PENNANT, speaking of Tommen y
Rhodwydd in Yale) that we must account for the total disappearance of
many Welsh Castles, whose names are preserved in History, and whose
vestiges we have sought for in vain.—They were made of wood, as was very
customary with several ancient nations, and with others of later date.
The _Persians_, on the approach of the _Spartans_, secured themselves
within their wooden walls, and Cæsar found great resistance from a Tower,
in the Alpine Castle of Larignum, made of the timber of the Larix, or the
Larch, which was found to be incombustible. In later times, the Castle
of Bamborough was built originally by Ida, with wood; the Burg of Murray
was fortified by the Danes, with the same material.—The people of the
same country, in 1228, had Castles of wood; and a century after these,
more recent instances: William de Melton, Archbishop of York, in 1317,
fortified the Mount in that City, called the _Old Bale_, with planks,
eighteen inches thick.
{17} The Court of King’s Bench has very lately determined, that stage
Coach passengers cannot legally be required to pay _any demand whatever_,
for being conveyed over the ferry at Conway, and for carriage of their
luggage, over and above the amount of their respective fares in such
Coach.
{30} Probably at Braich y Bedd, near Hafod Gelyn. There is a Tradition
that in former times there was a Church near that place, and a spot is
still shewn distinguished by the name of Hên Fonwent, (old Church-yard);
and it is not unlikely but the Walsh Princes might nave had their Summer
residence here, if we may be allowed to judge from the name; for Garth
Celyn must have been near this spot. There is also a Tradition, that the
village was set on fire, by Oliver Cromwell’s men, from the Bridge to the
Church-yard, and that they lighted a fire under the Bell rope, in the
Church, which they made use of as a Stable.
{38} Some idea of the magnitude of this concern may be formed, from the
Proprietor having shipped off, from Port Penrhyn, in the year 1819,
Slates to the amount of Fifty-eight Thousand Pounds.
{43} The Precentor, though at present unendowed, will in a few years
have a Salary annexed to his Office, in consequence of a Decree lately
made by the Lord Chancellor in his favour.
{53} This Ferry, probably, took its name from the Hundred or Division of
the Island in which it to situated, viz. Tindaethwy.
{55} Near this Ferry, on the Anglesey shore, is a Rock known by the name
of _Carreg Iago_, or rather _Carreg yr Iacon_, or _Arch-Iacon_; (the
Archdeacon’s stone) rendered memorable on account of Archbishop Baldwin
having stood up to preach the crusade upon it, at the time of his
peregrinations for that purpose through Wales, 1188; and Alexander,
Archdeacon of Bangor, is said to have interpreted to the people.
{56} Ceris, appears to be derived either from _Cawr-rys_ (or _rhys_) the
mighty rushing, or _Gyr-rhys_, which conveys nearly the same
meaning;—_Ymryson_, to contend, is compounded, of _ym_ and _rhys_; and
the English word _race_, or course, is probably derived from this word.
{60} The shore near Porthamel, (_Perth Amelius_, according to Rowlands;
_Porth ym moel_, as others conjecture,) is famed for being the place
where Suetonius landed; his infantry were conveyed over in boats,
probably near a spot still called _Pont yr Ysgraffiau_, and his horse
crossed, partly by swimming and partly fording.—Ready to receive them,
appeared on the shore, a motley army, (as Tacitus informs us) and women,
running wildly about, in black attire, with dishevelled hair, and like
furies, brandishing their torches; and the Druids surrounding them, and
lifting up their hands to Heaven, and pouring forth the most dreadful
imprecations. The Roman soldiers stood astonished with the sight—at
length, animated by their leader, and encouraging each other, being
ashamed to be intimidated by a womanly, and fanatic band, they advanced
with their ensigns, and overthrew all who opposed them, destroying them
in their own fires. After the battle, they placed garrisons in the
towns, and cut down the groves consecrated to their horrid superstitions;
for these people, considered it lawful to offer in sacrifice, the
captives taken in war, and, to consult human entrails.—How thankful ought
we to be for the benign influence of the Gospel of peace, by which we
were delivered from the yoke of superstition, and the abominations of
Heathenism!
{61a} The meaning of the word is _Resting-place_, a name given it by
Lord Lucan, being descriptive of the purpose for which it was erected;
his Lordship usually spending a few days here, on his why to and from
Ireland. The house stands on a bold eminence, and commands a full view
of the Bridge and Ferry; and the inmates of this sweet retreat, have the
pleasure of beholding the busy bustling scene, without being annoyed or
discommoded, either by the noise of the passengers or the dust of the
highway, as is frequently the case with houses situated near a public
road.
{61b} _Y Faenol_, is derived from _Maenol_, or _Maenawr_, (from which
probably comes the English word _Manor_, and the vulgar Latin _Manerium_)
meaning as explained in Howel Dda’s laws, either a lowland or upland
district, bounded or marked out by large stones, (singular _maen_, plural
_meini_) the former containing four Vills, and the latter thirteen. The
new house erected by the present proprietor, is at some distance from the
old one, the latter is very ancient, and has a very curious Gothic Family
Chapel nearly adjoining it, dedicated to St. Mary.
{63} Near the same spot, as it is conjectured, where Agricola pasted
over into the Island.
{66} This melancholy event took place on the night of the 5th of
December, being the Carnarvon Fair day, and the Boatmen probably in
liquor: the cries of distress were heard from both shores. One
remarkable circumstance deserves to be recorded, that only one person
(out of 69) survived in this instance, as well as the other, and both
their names Hugh Williams.