Full cloth.
Edges untrimmed.
4. Rebind Sets of Books.
Case bindings in full cloth, each pupil making a number of covers at one
time.
Where several books are to be uniformly bound, a spacer is used to
locate the positions of the boards on the cloth, instead of repeating
the measurements on each cover. The spacer, Fig. 43, may be made of
press board, tin, celluloid, or other material. By placing the spacer at
the middle of the cloth at the head, the angles are located for the
corners of the boards.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 43._
]
5. Envelope File.
A number of envelopes are made according to the plan indicated by Fig.
39 A, page 55. With two pieces of cloth folded back and forth, the ends
of the envelopes are bound together as shown in Fig. 44.
A case binding in half cloth is made similar to the Literature
Illustration Book, Fig. 39, making plenty of allowance at the back for
the thickness of the envelopes. When the cover is completed, the bottom
envelope is pasted firmly to one of the boards, as shown at Fig. 45.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 44._
_Envelope File_
]
[Illustration:
_Fig. 45._
]
[Illustration:
_Desk Pad_
_Fig. 46._
]
6. Desk Pad.
Made of one piece of heavy cloth board. A piece of cover paper one and
one-half inches longer and wider than the board, is pasted to one side
and the edges turned over. Thin leather corners or end strips are now
put on as indicated at Fig. 46, with only the turnovers pasted. Then the
under side of the board is covered with a piece of cover paper about
one-half inch shorter and narrower than the board.
The leather may be decorated by tooling, cutting, or coloring.
7. Note Book Cover.
Stiff boards with cloth back and corners, and paper sides. Corners are
put on the same as the leather corners in the Extra Binding, Fig. 31.
Two strips of board are cut three-quarters of an inch wide, and one inch
shorter than the cover. A piece of cloth is cut as long as the strips of
board and four inches wider than the back of the cover. One of these
strips of board is now pasted one-half inch from each long edge of the
cloth. The other sides of the strips of board are covered with paste and
the cloth is folded over upon them.
Fig. 47 shows the end of this part which is pasted inside of the back of
the cover, the one-half inch projections of the cloth being attached
firmly to the boards. End papers are put in and holes for the cord are
now punched through these three-quarter inch strips, and the leaves are
tied in place. Finished cover shown at Fig. 48.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 47._
]
[Illustration:
_Fig. 48._
]
SEVENTH GRADE.
1. Decorative Binding.
Blank book or magazines sewed on colored tapes, ribbons or strips of
leather with coarse silk thread in decorative stitches, Fig. 49.
Boards are bound separately in fancy cover papers.
Tapes are laced through the boards and tied at foredge. Colored
endpapers pasted to covers.
Tapes and stitches left exposed at back.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 49._
]
2. Portfolio.
Three rectangular pieces of tar or cloth board are cut, two larger ones
for the body of the portfolio and one smaller one for the lid or flap.
The large pieces are lined with paper on the sides which are to go
inside. This prevents warping when the outside covering is put on. A
strip of book cloth or buckram is cut about two inches wide and long
enough to reach around one side and the two ends of the body of the
portfolio. This strip is folded lengthwise in the middle with the wrong
side out. Then each half is folded lengthwise in the middle, turning the
wrong side in.
Thus folded, the strip is pasted around the ends and bottom edges of the
two large boards, mitering all the corners. Fig. 50. Then the flap is
attached by means of two strips of cloth, one above and one below, and
the edges are bound to correspond with the body. Then cover paper is
pasted on all the uncovered surfaces of the boards, lapping one-eighth
of an inch over the edges of the cloth wherever the paper and cloth come
together. Scores of modifications may be made of this style of
portfolio.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 50._
Showing only the cloth on the edges.
]
3. Limp Leather Binding.
Pupil’s blank or printed book.
Sewed all along or on tapes. Colored endpapers sewed in. Bound in one
piece of sheep or calf. Cover is used for dyeing and tooling in
decoration. Book put into cover by pasting book and fitting leather
closely about it and then pressing.
EIGHTH GRADE.
1. Book for Mounting Drawings and Pictures.
Heavy cover paper is used for this book and is cut into large folios.
Then strips of the same paper about one and one-half inches wide and as
long as the book is high, are folded lengthwise in the middle. One of
these folded strips is fitted over the back and one inside of each
folio, Fig. 51, except the first and last. This provides for the pasting
of a mount on each page of the book without making the body of the book
thicker than the back. Sewed on tapes. Cover treated exactly as that of
the Library Binding, page 27.
[Illustration:
Fig. 51
]
It is much easier to handle this problem by making the book of regular
sections instead of using the one and one-half inch strips, and then
cutting out every 3rd or 4th leaf after it is completed. These leaves
are not wasted. They may be used for smaller books.
2. Typical Library Binding. See page 22.
Half leather.
Sewed on tapes.
Double boards.
French joint.
Backed and rounded.
Head cut and colored.
Cord inserted instead of headband.
3. Portfolio.
Bound in leather and paper or cloth. Three boards are cut the same size.
The joints between the boards are treated exactly like the back of a
case binding, except that leather is used and that the inside of the
joints are also lined up with leather. Small boards for the flaps are
joined in the same manner to the ends of the middle board. Fig. 52 shows
the portfolio with only the leather pasted on. The cover paper or cloth
is cut and pasted exactly like that of the Library or Extra Binding.
[Illustration:
_Fig. 52. Showing part of portfolio with only the leather pasted on._
]
List of Bookbinders Terms.
BACK.—The back of a book is the part where the leaves are fastened
together, and does not include the sides of the cover.
BACKING.—The process of hammering the back in order to drive the extra
thickness due to sewing, over the edge of backing boards making
the joint. Fig. 22.
BACKING BOARDS.—Steel faced boards between which the book is placed
while backing. b, Fig. 22.
BAND, OR RUBBING STICKS.—Sticks used in rubbing the leather down over
the cords, or bands, in the Extra Binding. 7, Plate I.
BEATING OUT JOINT.—Hammering the back of the section of an old book in
order to straighten out the part turned over in the process of
backing when first bound. No. 3, page 40.
BLIND TOOLING.—Putting a design upon the leather with hot tools
without using gold leaf.
BOARDS.—The stiff sides of the cover.
BONE FOLDER.—A bone tool for folding paper and cloth. No. 3, Plate I.
BUFFING.—Thin cowhide used in binding.
CASE BINDING, OR CASING.—Where the book and the cover are made
separately and then pasted together. Pages 11 and 14.
COLLATING.—Gathering together the sections of a book in the proper
order.
COVER PAPER.—Heavy paper used on the covers of books.
CROWFOOT STITCH.—The stitch used at the tapes in Library Binding. a
and b, Fig. 21.
DOUBLE BOARDS.—Two boards glued together to make one side of the cover
in Library Binding. Fig. 23.
END PAPERS.—The blank leaves at the first and last of the book.
EXTRA BINDING.—Book sewed on cords and bound in full or three-quarters
leather. Page 31.
FINISHING.—The part of bookbinding that has to do with the decoration,
tooling, lettering, etc. Page 9.
FINISHING, OR LYING PRESS.—A press for holding the book while the
“finishing” is in progress. No. 1, Plate I.
FLEXIBLE.—In Extra Binding where leather is attached directly to the
back of the book.
FOLIO.—A sheet folded once, making two leaves.
FOOT, OR TAIL.—The bottom of the book as it is held upright.
FOREDGE, OR FORE-EDGE.—The edge of the book opposite the back.
FORWARDING.—All the work of binding a book until it is ready for the
finishing. Page 9.
FRENCH JOINT.—Wide space left between the edges of the boards and the
back of the book in the Library Binding.
GOLD TOOLING.—The use of gold leaf to cover the lettering or
ornaments.
GUARD.—A strip of paper used to mend a torn folio or to fasten in a
plate. No. 4, page 40.
HALF LEATHER.—A book bound with a strip of leather at the back and the
boards covered from the leather to foredge with paper or cloth.
HEAD.—The top of the book as it stands upright.
HEADBAND.—A piece of cloth or cord at head of book to strengthen back.
Fig. 29.
HEAD KNIFE, OR SKIVING KNIFE.—A knife used for paring the edges of the
leather. No. 5, Plate I.
HINGE.—The part of the cover at the joint where the cover bends on
opening. It usually refers to a separate piece of cloth or leather
used to strengthen cover at this point.
HOLLOW BACK.—Where the cover is not pasted directly to the back of the
book. Fig. 33.
JOINT.—The narrow space between the board and the back, and also the
projection of the back formed by the process of backing.
JOINT RODS.—Small rods used to press down the leather or cloth at the
joint. No. 10, Plate I.
KETTLESTITCH.—A stitch used in all types of sewing but especially in
sewing all along. b, Fig. 14.
LAYING ON.—Attaching the casing to the book.
LIMP COVER.—Cover without boards.
LIBRARY BINDING.—The type of book which is sewed on tapes, has a
French Joint and double boards. Page 22.
OVERCASTING.—Method of sewing books which are badly torn and cannot be
dealt with in sections.
PLATE.—Picture or other special matter on a separate leaf which is
fastened into the book.
PLOW AND PRESS.—The plow is for cutting the edges of books. The press
holds the book while the cutting is in progress. Plate II, P. 28.
PRESSING TINS AND BOARDS.—Small pieces of tin and board to protect the
book while in press. Nos. 11 and 12, Plate I.
PUNCTURES.—Holes sawed or punched in the book for sewing or tying.
ROUNDING.—Process of making the back of a book curved.
SECTION.—Part of book made from one folded sheet of paper.
SEWING ALL ALONG.—Method of sewing a book with kettlestitches and
without tapes or cords. Fig. 14.
SEWING FRAME.—Frame on which the books are sewed. No. 6, Plate I.
SIGNATURE.—Small figure or letter at the bottom of the first page of a
section to indicate the order of the sections.
SLIPS.—The tapes, super, and endpaper pasted together to insert in the
double boards of a Library Binding. a, Fig. 23.
SPACER.—A device for determining the position of boards in
casebinding, instead of measuring. This is used only where a
number of the same kind of books are being bound uniformly.
SPLIT BOARDS.—In the Library Binding, Split Boards are sometimes used
instead of double boards. These are simply single boards split at
one edge for the insertion of the slips.
SQUARES.—The distance the boards project beyond the edge of the book.
STAB SEWING.—Where books are sewed from side to side through holes
punched with an awl. Fig. 40.
SUNKEN CORDS.—Where book is sewed on cords sunken into large
depressions sawed across the back. Fig. 32.
SUPER.—Thin cloth put on back of book to strengthen the attachment to
the cover.
TAIL.—Same as foot. Part of Book at bottom of page.
TAPES.—Pieces of tape to which book is sewed in Library Binding. Fig.
21.
THREE-QUARTERS LEATHER.—Cover with leather on back and corners.
TIP.—To attach a sheet of paper by a narrow strip of paste.
TURN-IN.—The ¾″ parts of leather, cloth and paper turned over board,
etc.
WEAVER’S KNOT.—A knot used to attach a new thread to an old one. It is
made as follows: Hold old thread between thumb and finger, place
the end of the new thread under the end of the old thread. Then
loop the new thread around its own end. Draw the end of the old
thread down over the new thread into the loop. This forms the
knot; now draw the threads tight. Fig. 15.
ZIGZAG.—A kind of fold made in the end folios of Library and Extra
Bindings. Fig. 20, page 23.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in
spelling.
2. Renumbered the Bookbinding section by adding 100 to all of its page
numbers.
3. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.