length. If we are not wedded to the high-road we may return to Monmouth
by another route--composed almost entirely of byways and in some cases
very hilly ones--and so visit Grosmont and Skenfrith Castles. The red
towers of Grosmont stand, as the name implies, on a hill that is not
climbed without an effort, and the ruin overlooks a village that was
once a town, and indeed is technically a town still. It still possesses
a charter, I believe, and a Mayor’s staff; but in the matter of size
and prosperity it has been no more than a village since the day when
Henry V., then Prince of Wales, wrote to his “most redoubted and most
sovereign lord and father” in his “most humble manner” to this effect:
“On Wednesday the eleventh day of this present month of March (1405)
your rebels of the parts of Glamorgan, Morgannoc, Usk, Netherwent, and
Overwent, were assembled to the number of eight thousand men, according
to their own account; and they went on the said Wednesday in the
morning, and burnt part of your town of Grosmont ... and I immediately
sent off my very dear cousin, the Lord Talbot, and the small body of my
own household ... who were but a very small force in all.... And there,
by the aid of the Blessed Trinity, your people gained the field and
vanquished all the said rebels, and slew of them by fair account on
the field on their return from the chase, some say eight hundred, and
some say a thousand, being questioned on pain of death. Nevertheless,
whether it were one or the other, on such an account I would not
contend.”
That was a sad day for poor Alice Scudamore, who lived hard by at
Kentchurch Court beyond the river Monnow; for Alice Scudamore, or
Skydmore, was the daughter of Owen Glyndwr, and the dead men whom
Prince Henry left upon the field of Grosmont were Owen’s followers.
This defeat was Owen’s first serious disaster, and was for him the
beginning of the end. It is said that years later, after the end had
come, he lived for a time with his daughter in the castellated tower
that still stands below the hill of Grosmont; and, indeed, Kentchurch
sometimes claims to be his burial-place. But the claims of Monnington,
where another of his daughters lived, are generally thought to be more
authentic.
By making a very short detour from the direct road we may see the
ruins of Skenfrith Castle on our way back to Monmouth. Even in the
seventeenth century this castle was described as having been “decayed
time out of the memory of man,” and its remains are now naturally
scanty and not especially picturesque. Far more interesting than
the castle is the church, with its pretty timbered tower and fine
sixteenth-century tombs. At the vicarage is carefully preserved the
rarest treasure of this church: a cope that dates from the days before
the Reformation.
On the other side of Monmouth, beyond the Wye, is the Forest of Dean,
where one may drive for miles through country nearly as grand and quite
as thickly wooded as the Black Forest. In most cases the trees are not
nearly so fine as those of our own New Forest, for the greater part
of this Forest of Dean was cut down to build our victorious fleets of
the eighteenth century; but the width of view and the succession of
tree-clad hills rising one beyond another, are compensations for the
lack of magnificent individual trees. Of these, however, there are a
few, such as the Newland Oak and the High Beeches. But on the whole the
beauty of Dean Forest lies in its distant views, its great expanses
of foliage stretching away from one’s feet to the blue horizon, as at
the Speech House and above Parkend, and at many another place; though
unfortunately many of these views are partly, if not entirely, spoilt
by the black scars and smoking chimneys of the collieries. The Speech
House is now a hotel, but it was originally built in Charles II.’s day
as a kind of Court House in which to settle disputes connected with
the Forest. St. Briavel’s Castle, a few miles further south than this,
and nearer the Wye, is a far older relic, for it is said that it once
sheltered King John. Be that as it may, the little that is left of this
castle is peculiarly attractive. To reach it, or the Speech House, or
indeed to drive in the Forest of Dean at all, one must be prepared to
encounter long hills with gradients in some places not less than 1 in
7, and roads that have suffered a good deal from the heavy traffic
connected with the mines.
There is one expedition from Monmouth that we cannot possibly undertake
in a car, yet should by no means omit. The famous Symond’s Yat, with
its perfect river scenery, cannot be approached by road, but it is
easy to reach it by train, and very delightful to return to Monmouth
by water, past the great limestone crags known as the Seven Sisters.
At the hotel, where the train deposits one, the attraction is simply
the view of the river and its wooded banks, but for the energetic this
view may be much enlarged by half an hour’s climb to the summit of the
Yat itself, where those who enjoy scenery in proportion to the number
of counties visible, may have the satisfaction of seeing seven. It was
near Symond’s Yat, at a defile significantly called The Slaughter to
this day, that the Danes, under Eric of the Bloody Axe, were defeated
by King Alfred’s son Edward the Elder, named also the Unconquered, whom
Matthew of Westminster declares to have been “even more glorious than
his father for power and dignity.”
The last fifteen miles of the Wye Valley, from Monmouth to Chepstow,
where the Wye falls into the estuary of the Severn, are probably as
beautiful as any fifteen miles of English road. It is late in May or
early in October that we should drive along this road to see it at its
best, for the whole landscape is filled with trees. The quiet river,
with the road close beside it, winds between two wooded heights from
Redbrook to the Severn. A gentle rise takes us out of Redbrook, which
has spoilt its beauty by manufacturing tin-plate; then we run down to
Bigsweir Bridge, and cross it, with a lovely view downstream; pass
Llandogo, where the Wye becomes tidal; pass Brockweir with its ferry;
and driving through Tintern Parva come within sight of the unsurpassed
beauty of Tintern Abbey.
Go to Tintern again and again, for it never palls. See it when
the trees are first breaking into leaf, and all the leaves are of
different colours; and see it again against the heavy foliage of the
summer woods; and again when the hills behind it are red and gold in
autumn. For the Cistercians, though they denied art, were surely
admirable artists; and being forbidden by their stern rule to adorn
their churches with coloured glass or superfluous carving, they raised
for themselves buildings of perfect form in the loveliest places in
all England, where in spring and autumn the cold grey stone of their
exquisite windows was the frame of fairer colours than were ever
stained on glass.
It was of this abbey that the incomparable Gilpin wrote quite gravely:
“A number of gable-ends hurt the eye with their regularity and disgust
it by the vulgarity of their shape.” A mallet, judiciously used,
he suggested, might make improvements. Unfortunately time and long
neglect have done only too much towards the ruin of Tintern, without
any help from the judicious mallet of Gilpin. For many years the
place was utterly uncared for; the stones were used by any one who
wished to build a cottage, and an old beggar-woman made her dwelling
in the library of the monks. This was long ago: every care is given
to Tintern now. The floor of the nave is covered with well-kept turf,
the fallen fragments of masonry are gathered together, the weak
places of the building are strengthened wherever it is possible. But
the alarming curves of the arches bear witness to past neglect, and the
timid tourist is appalled by the ominous warning on the notice-board:
“Persons who visit this Abbey do so at their own risk.” This is
discouraging.
[Illustration: TINTERN ABBEY.]
[Illustration: CHEPSTOW CASTLE.]
From Tintern the road rises for about three miles towards the splendid
scenery of the Wyndcliff. The river winds below, and beyond it among
the trees a discerning eye may detect the straight ridge of Offa’s
Dyke. The view from the road as it passes beneath the famous cliff
is wonderfully beautiful--a view of tortuous river and height beyond
height of woodland, and gleaming in the distance the waters of the
Severn estuary: and those who climb the Wyndcliff come down again well
contented, having seen nine counties.
As we pass the little village at St. Arvan’s the river is completely
hidden by the walls and trees of Piercefield Park. A gentle descent of
about two miles brings us to the steep hill that winds downwards into
Chepstow above the castle, passing under one of the old town-gates.
“The towne of Chepstow hath bene very strongly waulled,” says Leland.
“The waulles began at the ende of the great bridge over Wy, and so
cam to the castel, the which yet standeth fayr and strong.” To all
appearances, as seen from the further side of Wye, it is strong still,
and fair it certainly is, standing high upon the red cliffs that add
so much to the beauty of this last bend of the river. It covers three
acres of ground, but as it is built in a succession of courts, sloping
upwards one above the other, the whole of its great length may be seen
at once and the effect is very fine. This castle, since it was built
by William FitzOsborne, Earl of Hereford, soon after the Conquest, has
seen a good deal of life, and even more of death. Its second owner
forfeited it, being of too independent a temperament to please the
King. William, having safely imprisoned this rebellious Roger, sent him
as an Easter gift his own royal robes--an attention that was meant
well, but was not very tactful. Earl Roger “forthwith caused a great
fire to be made, and the mantle, the inner surcoat of silk, and the
upper garment, lined with precious furs, to be suddenly burnt.” This
was his last act of rebellion. “By the brightness of God,” exclaimed
the flouted King, “he shall never come out of prison as long as I live!”
Later on the castle passed to the great house of Clare.
“From Chepstow’s towers, ere dawn of morn,
Was heard afar the bugle-horn;
And forth in banded pomp and pride
Stout Clare and fiery Neville ride.”[13]
The greatest of the Clares, Richard Strongbow, sometimes called the
Conqueror of Ireland, was born at Chepstow; “a man tall in stature,” we
are told, “and of great generosity, and courteous manner.... In time
of peace he was more disposed to be led by others than to command,”
but “the post he occupied in battle was a sure rallying-point for his
troops.”
The castle passed from hand to hand through the stirring centuries that
followed Strongbow’s day. In the Civil War it had many adventures. It
held for the King at first, was taken by the army of the Parliament,
and was recaptured by a handful of Royalists under Sir Nicholas Kemys,
by guile rather than by force. “On the whole,” says Carlyle, “Cromwell
will have to go.... Let him march swiftly!” He marched swiftly and took
the town of Chepstow, but besieged the castle in vain. Carlyle tells
the tale in few words: “Castle will not surrender,--he leaves Colonel
Ewer to do the Castle; who, after four weeks, does it.” It was not
easily, however, that Colonel Ewer “did it.” The garrison, reduced to
nineteen, held out till they were starving, and even then determined,
not on surrender, but on flight. Their boat lay ready beneath the
walls, waiting for the darkness. But when night came no boat was there,
for a soldier of the Parliament, a man of keen eyes, had detected both
the boat and her object, and, with a knife between his teeth, had swum
across the Wye and cut the rope that moored her to the river-bank. The
next day the nineteen Royalists surrendered. Thus Colonel Ewer “did the
castle.”
During the Commonwealth Jeremy Taylor, the author of “Holy Living and
Holy Dying”--according to Coleridge the most eloquent of divines--was
imprisoned in Chepstow Castle as a follower of Archbishop Laud:
and here, too, when Cromwell’s day was over, Sir Henry Marten, the
regicide, suffered a mild form of imprisonment for twenty years. He
was allowed not only to receive his friends but to visit them, and he
was not deprived of the companionship of his wife. From what I read,
however, I cannot assure myself that he appreciated the last of these
privileges. He was buried in Chepstow Church, under an epitaph that he
composed himself--a rhyming epitaph of a high moral tone. Yet neither
poetry nor morality was Marten’s strong point. At a later date a
loyalist vicar removed from the chancel to the nave the bones of the
man who had signed Charles I.’s death-warrant.
Chepstow Church once formed part of a Benedictine Priory connected
with the Norman Abbey of Cormeilles, and was originally the nave of a
larger building. It dates from early in the twelfth century; and even
if one has not time to enter the church it is well worth while to drive
past the beautiful Early Norman entrance. There are some interesting
tombs within, notably that of the second Earl of Worcester, who was
present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.
Two miles south of Chepstow is Mathern, where Tewdric of Glamorganshire,
saint and king, was buried. He was killed in a battle fought at
Tintern, and in the year 600 a chapel was built here as a shrine for
him.
“Wye also,” says Leland, “a very great and famose river, passeth
through Ventland, and at S. Tereudake’s Chapel entereth ynto Severn.”
INDEX
Abbeydore, 236
Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury, 24
Aber, 101
Aberaeron, 222
Aberavon, 180
Aberconwy, 82, 88
Aberdaron, 112, 115-117
Aberdovy, 152-155, 157
Abergavenny, 247, 249, 252-254
Abergele, 84, 85
Aberglaslyn, Pass of, 94, 95, 110
Abergwili, 190
Aberteifi, 219
Aberystwith, 141, 142-145, 148, 149, 222, 225
Agincourt, 152
Alaw, River, 121
Albright Hussey, 46, 47
Alla Wen, 97
Anglesey, 100-102
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 239
Arthur, King, 115, 167, 168, 240
Arthur, Prince, 6, 9, 14
Atcham, 25
Bala, 152, 159-161
Bala, Lake of, 159, 162
Baldwin, Archbishop, 102, 118, 119, 172
Bangor, 98
Bardsey, 112, 115
Baring-Gould, Rev. S., 147
Barlow, Bishop, 199, 213, 214
Barmouth, 123, 125, 128, 222
Barmouth Estuary, 125, 126, 152, 155, 156, 158
Baron Hill, 101
Bassetts, 174
Battlefield, 34
Baxter, Richard, 27, 43, 44
Bayston Hill, 12
Beaupré, 62, 165, 173-175
Beaumaris, 99, 100-102
Bedd Gelert, 95, 110
Belesme, Robert de, 43
Benbow, Admiral, 45
Bendigeid Vran, 120, 121
Berkeley Castle, 170
Berwyn, 77
Bethesda, 98
Bettws-y-Coed, 81, 82, 85, 91, 92, 94, 95, 108
Borth, 113, 149
Boscobel, 29, 31-33, 44
Bigsweir Bridge, 265
Birmingham Waterworks, 229
Bishop’s Castle, 52, 55, 56
Black Mountains, 232, 255
Bolingbroke, 85
Borrow, George, 69, 79, 107, 109, 141, 187, 222
Boteler of Dunraven, 177, 178
Brampton Brian, 58, 59
Branwen, 120, 121
Braose, Matilda de, 186, 187
Braose, William de, 185, 186, 253, 254
Brecon, 151, 183, 185-187
Brecon Beacons, 184, 185, 187
Breidden Hills, 62, 134
Bridgend, 177, 178, 180
Bridge Sollars, 234, 236
Bridgnorth, 42-45
Bridstow, 240
Briton Ferry, 180, 181
Brockweir, 265
Bromfield, 10
Broseley, 45
Browning, Robert, 71
Brychan, 185
Brydges, Charles, 24
Buildwas, 26-28, 44
Builth, 222, 230, 231
Butler, Lady Eleanor, 71
Bwlch Oerdrws, 132, 133
Cadell, Prince of South Wales, 146
Cader Idris, 125, 126, 132, 157, 158
Caerleon, 115, 166-169, 216
Caerphilly, 166, 169, 170
Caersws, 138
Caldey Island, 198
Camden, 89, 98, 233, 235, 249
Cann Office, 133
Capel Curig, 96, 108
Caradoc, 12, 25
Caradoc of Llancarvan, 87, 194
Cardiff, 166, 170, 171, 173
Cardiff Waterworks, 184
Cardigan, 219-221
Carew Castle, 205-208
Carew, Celtic Cross, 205
Carlyle, Thomas, 203, 270
Carmarthen, 187, 190-195, 222
Carnarvon, 85, 99, 103-105
Carningley, 218
Castell Crogen, 68
Caus Castle, 54
Cawdor, Lord, 218
Cefn-y-Bedd, 231
Ceiriog, River, 64, 67, 68
Ceiriog, Valley of the, 67
Ceirw, River, 79
Cernioge, 79, 80
Cerrig Cennen, 189, 190
Cerrig-y-Druidion, 78, 79
Charles I., 15, 17, 20, 43, 91, 122, 242, 250, 251, 271
Charles II., 29, 31-33, 69
Chastillon, Battle of, 48
Chepstow, 225, 247, 265, 268-272
Chester, Hugh, Earl of, 98
Chirbury, 52-54
Chirbury, Lord Herbert of, 52-54
Chirk, 64, 67-69
Churchstoke, 55
Cilgerran, 187, 220, 221
Clare, Gilbert de, 169
Clifford Castle, 234
Clifford, Jane de, 234
Clun, 56-58
Clungunford, 60
Clwyd, River, 84
Clynnogfawr, 112, 117, 118
Cochwillan Woods, 98
Coity, 179-180
Coleridge, 22, 271
Colwyn Bay, 85
Comus, 8
Concenn, 76
Conway, 82, 85, 86, 88-90
Conway, River, 80, 83
Corbet, Captain, 54
Corbet, Sir Vincent, 51
Cormeilles, Abbey of, 272
Corris, 152, 155, 157
Corwen, 68, 77, 78, 161
Cothercott Hill, 55
Cothi, River, 222
Cound, 38
Cowbridge, 173
Cox, David, 82
Craven Arms, 60
Cressage, 38, 39
Criccieth, 112-114
Crogen, Battle of, 68
Cromwell, Oliver, 43, 85, 120, 144, 157, 203, 243, 270, 271
Cross Foxes, 158
Cross Houses, 38
Cwm Bychan, 123, 130
Cwm Hir Abbey, 139
Cwmyoy, 255
Cymmer Abbey, 126
Dafydd ap Gwilym, 147
Dale, 202
Darby, Abraham, 28
Darwin, Charles, 18, 22, 61
Davy Gam, 151, 152
Dean, Forest of, 143, 247, 262, 263
Dee, River, 49, 69, 70, 74, 76, 77, 85, 161, 162
Deganwy, 86-88, 106
Derwydd Station, 190
Despensers, 170
Devereux, Penelope, 200
Devil’s Bridge, 141
Dinan, de, 9
Dinas Bran, 70, 71
Dinas Mawddy, 132, 133
Dinmore Hill, 236
Dolbadarn, 92, 105
Doldowlod Woods, 230
Dolgelley, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 152, 155, 158, 159
Dolwyddelan, 82, 92, 93, 94
Dore, River, 235
Dryslwyn Castle, 190
Dubritius, 115, 240
Dulas, River, 157
Dunraven, 177
Dwryd, River, 118, 119
Dyfi (Dovey), River, 131, 149, 152-155, 157
Dynevor, 187, 188, 189, 190
Eaton Constantine, 26, 27, 44
Edeyrnion, Vale of, 77
Edmund, Prince, 6
Edward the Black Prince, 113
Edward the Elder, 264
Edward I., 21, 42, 82, 84, 86, 92, 102, 114, 120, 144, 194, 212, 236,
237
Edward II., 42, 104, 170, 182
Edward IV., 5, 6, 120, 122, 209
Edward V., 6, 7
Egerton, Lady Alice, 8
Eglwyseg Rocks, 70
Elan Valley, 227-230
Eleanor, Queen, 104, 212
Elfreton, Henry de, 88, 120, 169
Eliseg’s Pillar, 76
Elizabeth, Queen, 89, 91, 244
Ellesmere, 45, 50
Erbistock, 45, 49, 50
Eric of the Bloody Axe, 264
Erwood, 232
Essex, Earl of, 14, 200
Ethelbert, King, 238, 239
Ethelfleda, 15, 53, 185
Ewenny, 173, 178, 179, 195
Ewer, Colonel, 270, 271
Ewyas, Vale of, 247, 255-259
Exmoor, 173, 177
Fairbourne, 155
Fairfax, General, 203, 252
Fair Rosamund, 234
Feathers Hotel, Ludlow, 4, 5
Fishguard, 217, 218
Fitz-Osborne, Roger, 268, 269
Fitz-Osborne, William, 268
Fitz-Warines, 64
Flemings, 140, 208, 209, 219, 226
Flint, 85
Fuller, Thomas, 48
Ganllwyd, Vale of, 129, 130
Geirionydd, Lake, 91, 149
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 249
George IV., 243
Gildas, 175
Gilpin, 242, 266
Giraldus Cambrensis, 100, 102, 118, 119, 198, 209, 215, 253, 254, 258
Glamorganshire, 173
Glan Dovey, 150
Glasbury, 232
Glaslyn, River, 109, 110, 118
Gloucester, 259
Glydyrs, 97
Glyn Ceiriog, 68
Glyndwr, Owen, 57, 61, 74, 77, 88, 98, 104, 106, 116, 120, 122, 127,
128, 131, 140, 143, 144, 148, 150-152, 191, 192, 208, 226, 233, 234,
261
Glyndyffws, Pass of, 78
Glyndyfrdwy, 77, 78
Glyn-Neath, 183
Gobowen, 64
Godiva, 41
Godstow, 234
Golden Valley, 235
Goodrich, 244, 245, 246
Goodrich, Vicar of, 251
Goodwick, 217
Gower, 192
Gower, Bishop, 199, 212, 213
Grey, Lord, of Ruthin, 106
Griffith ap Cynan, 155
Griffith Gryg, 147
Griffith ap Llewelyn, 113
Griffith ap Nicholas, 187
Griffith, Prince of Gwynedd, 87
Griffith, Prince of South Wales, 219
Grosmont, 260, 261
Guinevere, 166
Gwaelod, Plain of, 123
Gwenllian, daughter of the Lord Rhys, 194, 195
Gwenllian, mother of the Lord Rhys, 195, 214, 219
Gwyddno Longshanks, 124
Gwydir, 91
Gwynedd, 91, 92, 100, 112, 118, 154, 220
Gwynne, Nell, 69
Hanmer, 49
Harlech, 85, 88, 116, 119-122, 128, 129
Harley, Lady, 58, 59
Harold, King, 98, 237
Haughmond Abbey, 36-38
Haughmond Hill, 34
Haverfordwest, 205, 208-210
Hawkestone, 35
Hay, 62, 232-234, 235, 246
Hazlitt, William, 22
Heber, Bishop, 36
Henllan Woods, 221
Henry I., 42, 209
Henry II., 37, 42, 50, 68, 189, 212
Henry III., 37, 233
Henry IV., 20, 34, 42, 85, 101, 120, 122, 131, 148, 192, 245, 260
Henry V., 34, 78, 143, 144, 152, 245, 247, 248, 260, 261
Henry VII., 13, 14, 61, 157, 193, 202, 206
Henry VIII., 37, 172, 182, 213-14
Herbert, George, 53
Herbert, Lord, of Chirbury, 52-54
Hereford, 143, 225, 226, 235, 236-239, 243, 246
Hereford, Archdeacon of, 192
Herefordshire, 232, 235
Hirwain, 183
Hodnet, 35, 36
Holyhead Road, 60, 77, 95, 161
Holy Mountain, 247, 252, 255
Honddu, River, 255, 257
Hookagate, 55
Hope Valley, 56
Hotspur, Harry, 34, 89
Howel y Fwyall, 113
Howel Sele, 127, 128
Huntsham Ferry, 245
Inigo Jones, 82, 83
Iolo Goch, 74
Iorwerth, 93
Ireland, 121, 215
Ironbridge, 28, 44, 45
Isabella, Queen, 237
Ivetsey Bank, 33
James I., 247
James II., 17
Jeffreys, Judge, 27, 47
Jeremy Taylor, 271
Joan, Queen, 50, 90, 101
John, King, 42, 50, 86, 87, 90, 98, 106, 186, 237, 263
John of Gaunt, 212, 237, 247
Johnson, Dr., 22, 27, 98
Katherine of Arragon, 6
Kenfig, 180
Kemys, Sir Nicholas, 270
Kentchurch, 261
Kidwelly, 174, 194, 195
Kilgerran, 187, 220, 221
Kingsley, Charles, 109
Knighton, 56, 58, 137
Kymin, The, 245
Kyrle, John, 240-242
Lacy, Roger de, 9
Lacy, William de, 256-259
Lampeter, 221, 222
Lamphey Palace, 199, 200, 213
Landor, Walter Savage, 259
Laud, Archbishop, 271
Ledbury, 235
Leicester, Earl of, 14, 91
Leighton-under-the-Wrekin, 27
Leintwardine, 56, 58, 59
Leland, 50, 56, 70, 105, 117, 130, 133, 146, 169, 177, 181, 192, 198,
202, 211, 232, 237, 268, 272
Leofric of Mercia, 41
Leominster, 235
Letton, 234, 236
Lewis, Rev. Edward, 53, 54
Little Doward, 245
Little Stretton, 12
Liverpool Reservoir, 161
Llanaellraiarn, 112, 117
Llanbadarn Fawr, 148
Llanbedr, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125
Llanberis, Pass of, 94, 95, 105, 107, 109
Llanberis, Town, 105
Llandaff, 171-173
Llandeilo, 188, 190
Llandinam, 139
Llandogo, 265
Llandovery, 187, 222
Llandrindod Wells, 231
Llandysilio, 102
Llandyssil, 221
Llanelltyd, 126
Llanfaes, 101
Llanfair Caereinion, 133
Llanfair P. G., 100
Llanfihangel Crucorney, 255
Llanfrother, 240
Llanfyllin, 161
Llangadfan, 133
Llangadoch, 188
Llangollen, 60, 67, 70-73
Llangollen, Ladies of, 71-73
Llangurig, 139, 140, 226, 227
Llanidloes, 139
Llanrhaiadr, 159, 162
Llanrhychwyn, 90
Llanrwst, 82, 83
Llanthony, 247, 249, 255-259
Llanthony, Second Priory of, 259
Llantwit Major, 166, 173, 175, 176, 216
Llanwrtyd Wells, 222, 231
Llechryd, 221
Lledr Valley, 80, 92, 94
Llewelyn, the Great, 37, 50, 57, 82, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 101, 110, 113,
127, 233
Llewelyn III., 102, 106, 231
Lleyn Peninsula, 111-118
Llugwy, 82, 95
Llyfnant Valley, 150
Llyn Dinas, 110
Llyn Gwynant, 109
Llyn Mymbyr, 108
Llyn Padarn, 105
Llyn Peris, 105
Llyn Tegid (Bala), 162
Llyswen, 232
Lockhart, 72, 73, 108
Londres, Maurice de, 179, 194, 219
Longden, 55
Lucy Waters, 211
Ludford, 4
Ludlow, 4-10
Lydstep, 198
Mabinogion, 120, 167
Machynlleth, 148, 150-152, 155, 157
Maddox, Mr., 111
Madeley, 28, 29
Madoc, Prince of Powys, 70, 73, 74
Maelgwyn, 86, 106, 107, 154, 155
Maentwrog, 93, 94, 128, 129, 130
Mallwyd, 133
Malvern Hills, 245
Manorbier Castle, 197-199
Marches, Court of the, 5, 96
Margam, 180
Market Drayton, 36
Marrington Dingle, 55
Marrington Hall, 54
Marshbrook, 12, 55
Marteg, River, 227
Marten, Sir Henry, 271
Marton, 52
Mary, Queen, 6, 15, 244
Mathern, 272
Matholwch, King of Ireland, 120, 121
Matilda, Queen, 37, 257
Matthew of Westminster, 239, 264
Mawddach, River, 125, 126, 129, 152, 157, 158
Maxen Wledig, 168
Mellte, River, 183
Menai Bridge, 99
Menai Straits, 99, 102, 103
Menevia, 216
Meredyth ap Conan, 119
Merlin, 192, 216
Milburga, Princess, 39-41
Milford Haven, 200, 205, 208
Milton, 8, 138, 162
Minsterley, 56
Mochras, Point of, 124
Moel Offrwm, 127, 129
Mona, 100-102, 121
Monmouth, 243, 246-249
Monmouth, Duke of, 211
Monnington, 234, 261
Monnow, River, 261
Montfort Bridge, 61
Montfort, Simon de, 236, 237
Montgomery, 53, 54
Montgomery, Arnulph de, 201
Montgomery, Roger de, 13, 20, 23, 40, 41
Morfa Nevin, 114
Morfa Rhuddlan, 84
Mortimer, Edmund, 116, 122
Much Birch, 240
Much Wenlock, 39-42
Mumbles, The, 180
Murchard, Prince of Leinster, 215
Myddleton, Sir Thomas, 69
Myfanwy, Princess, 71, 74
Mynach, River, 141, 142
Mytton, General, 89
Nannau, 127, 128
Nant Ffrancon, 94, 95, 97
Nantgarw, 170
Nant Gwynant, 94, 95, 109
Naseby, Battle of, 250
Neath, 173, 181, 182
Neath, River, 181, 182
Neath, Vale of, 182, 183
Nelson, Lord, 193
Nennius, 191
Nest, Princess, 202
Neuf-Marché, Bernard de, 185-187
Nevern, 218
Nevin, 112, 114, 115
Newbridge, 230
Newcastle Emlyn, 221
Newgale, 211
Newport, Mon., 166, 168, 169
Newport, Pembroke, 218