AMONG THE BASHILELE
Upon quitting Kenge we left the country of the Bakongo, leaving behind
us all serious difficulties in our journey from the Loange to the Kasai.
The Bashilele of Makasu were remarkably friendly; they were dignified
in their manner towards us, and although, when we showed them the
clockwork elephant, they were evidently much impressed by it, we could
clearly see that the natives were by no means afraid of us. They had
expressed their willingness to receive us and to treat us well, and so
long as we refrained from any sort of aggression towards them, it was
evidently their intention to let us pass freely through their country.
While staying in this village we gathered a certain amount of information
about the Bashilele and the Bakongo. These peoples are in reality two
divisions of the same tribe, both of them owing allegiance to the same
great chief, Goman Vula. From various unmistakable pieces of evidence to
be found in their culture, Torday has been able to definitely establish
the fact that the inhabitants of the country between the Loange and the
Kasai are an offshoot of the great Bushongo nation, as he had so strongly
suspected after his researches at the Mushenge. He found that many of the
mythical heroes of the Bushongo were well known to the Bashilele, and
the use of a divining instrument in the shape of a crocodile, exactly
similar to that in use among the Bushongo, as well as similarity in the
shape of their houses, are examples of some of the points which indicate
the close relationship between these peoples. With regard to Goman Vula,
we learned that his village lies two days’ march to the north of Makasu.
It is, of course, difficult to estimate how many miles this represents,
for the only means that the native possesses of indicating the length of
a journey is to show the point in the heavens at which the sun would be
when the traveller arrived at his destination were he to start at dawn.
We roughly calculated the probable distance from Makasu to Goman Vula’s
capital at about fifty miles by the track, but as the crow flies the
distance would most likely be considerably shorter. In displaying our
elephant at Makasu we were careful to explain that by nature our “fetish”
was peaceful, and that only when any violence was offered to us or to
our followers would it cause harm to befall the natives through whose
country we were travelling, and this explanation seemed to set the minds
of the natives completely at rest with regard to the peaceful nature of
our visit. During the two or three days that we spent in this village
resting after the excitements of Kenge, we were several times taken out
in search of guinea-fowl by the Bashilele, who seemed quite ready to do
anything that we asked them, and who were very much astonished at seeing
birds shot on the wing. We discovered that the rumours we had heard of
the presence of the Badjok traders in the district had been quite true,
for we found outside Makasu a group of the temporary grass shelters
which these people erect when travelling, for it appears that they do
not as a rule reside in the villages which they visit. This encampment
had been only recently deserted, and we learned that its inhabitants
had been engaged solely in collecting rubber, to be subsequently sold
to the white traders on the Kasai, so that our fears for the safety of
our porters had in reality been quite unfounded. We could not learn much
from the Bashilele of Makasu with regard to the number of stages which we
should have to march before reaching the Kasai, but they agreed to carry
our loads to another village, also called Makasu, about ten miles to the
south-east, where they said we should be able to obtain more precise
information. Our way lay beside the course of a brook named the Miloa, a
tributary of the Lumbunji, in the swamps around the course of which we
found many fresh tracks of elephants.
[Illustration: A BADJOK CAMP AT MAKASU.]
[Illustration: BASHILELE HUNTERS.]
Our reception at the second village of Makasu was as friendly as at the
first. Torday explained to the natives that our only desire was to reach
our homes, and in order to do this it was necessary for us to proceed
to one of the factories of the Kasai Company upon the shores of the
Kasai, of the existence of which the people of this village had heard.
But the chief of the second village of Makasu appeared by no means
anxious for us to leave at once, so we willingly settled down to spend
a few days in his village, where we could enjoy a splendid opportunity
of studying the daily life of a people among whom European influence
has not yet begun to be felt. Every village between the Loange and the
Kasai appears to be entirely self-supporting; every man manufactures
his own garments, weaving the cloth from palm fibre in the same way as
do the Bushongo; accompanied by his dogs, he participates in hunting
expeditions, supplying his family with meat from his share of the game,
and the Bashilele as hunters are far superior to their kinsmen around
the Mushenge; he makes his own bows, bow-strings, and the shafts of his
arrows, while he forms and decorates with carving the wooden cups from
which he drinks his palm wine; his wives cultivate sufficient land to
supply the family needs with cassava; his children tend his chickens and
goats. In fact, the only things which a man must buy, being unable to
make them for himself, are iron objects, such as arrow and spear-heads,
knives, and bracelets, all of which are the work of the village
blacksmith, who is paid for them in meat, fowls, food stuffs, or palm
cloth.
When not engaged in hunting, clearing the ground for plantations, or
in the manufacture of cloth, the Bashilele men lead a life of complete
idleness, smoking green tobacco in carved wooden pipes in the sheds or
beneath the shade of the palm-trees outside the village walls. Early in
the morning a little cassava dough is eaten, and the women go forth to
work in the fields, returning in the evening to pound the cassava root
into flour, and to cook the evening meal. Such is the daily life of a
people upon whom European civilisation has as yet made not the slightest
impression. So little do the Bashilele wander beyond the immediate
surroundings of their own homes, that very few of the inhabitants of
any village are acquainted with the track even to the next settlement
of their own tribe; and we found in travelling through their country
that often, even when carrying our loads to another Bashilele village,
the men would arm as if for war—that is to say, they would take with
them from twenty to thirty arrows with their bows, instead of the two or
three habitually carried. The Bashilele, like the Bakongo, are a fine,
stalwart race of men. They use a good deal of tukula in the ornamentation
of their persons, and their hair is usually carefully dressed in a high
topknot—a point in which they differ from the Bakongo, who usually plait
their hair closely upon their heads. By nature they are peaceful, and by
no means live up to the terrible reputation with which they have been
endowed by white men who have never visited their country; but at the
same time the Bashilele are born warriors, and any act of aggression on
the part of the traveller would be instantly and energetically resented.
During our stay at the second village of Makasu, an incident occurred
which showed us that the Bashilele are always ready to defend their
homes. We were sitting one afternoon in a shed amusing ourselves, and
considerably astonishing the natives, with the intellectual pastime of
blowing soap bubbles through a straw, when a woman ran up from the fields
to the village, shouting and gesticulating wildly as she ran. In a moment
the men, who had been occupied at their looms, or sitting smoking in
the shade of the palm-trees, had sprung to their feet and rushed inside
the stockade, to reappear in a moment or two armed to the teeth, some
thrusting bundles of arrows into their girdles, others twisting spare
bow-strings round their heads, and all shouting at the top of their
voices, many of them giving utterance to the Bashilele war-cry. All the
women then began to hurry in from their work in the plantations and
sought shelter within the walls, at the same time shouting to the men,
and evidently inciting them to attack some enemy whom we had not yet
seen. One of our men then came and informed us that a party of Badjok
traders were approaching the village, and that the Bashilele had decided
to attack them. Hearing an increased commotion upon the farther side
of the village, Torday and I hurried round to see what was going on,
and, upon turning the corner of the stockade, a truly remarkable sight
presented itself. The Bashilele, yelling at the tops of their voices and
dancing up and down in a frenzy of excitement, were surrounding three or
four of the Badjok, stretching their bows at them, and threatening them
with instant death. The Badjok, who consisted of one man, armed with a
flintlock gun, and two or three small boys carrying baskets, stood in
the midst of their enemies without making the smallest attempt to defend
themselves, and without displaying the slightest trace of fear; they did
not even appear to be in the very least excited, but stood there, while
the Bashilele aimed at them at a distance of only a few feet, as calmly
as if they had been in their own village. One small boy had already
been seized by the Bashilele and carried off as a prisoner within the
stockade. Torday began to inquire what was the cause of this sudden
outburst on the part of the people of Makasu, but all that the Bashilele
would reply was, “They will set fire to the grass and frighten away the
game from our country, so we are going to shoot the whole lot of them.”
Torday thereupon attempted to calm down the excitement, and one or two
of the older Bashilele who were present cried out to their friends to
listen to what he had to say. He remarked that we were very averse to
bloodshed, and that he hoped, out of friendship for us, the Bashilele
would refrain from any breach of the peace; he told the villagers that
should the Badjok attempt to set fire to the grass we ourselves would
punish them; and finally, he chaffed the Bashilele warriors for turning
out in such force to attack the few small children whom we saw before us.
While he was speaking, the Bashilele assumed a less threatening attitude
towards the intruders, and when he had finished they accompanied us and
the Badjok to our shed to discuss what should be done; but the arrival of
another party of Badjok gave rise to a further demonstration on the part
of the villagers, and it seemed probable that all our efforts to prevent
a massacre would be of no avail. During the whole of these proceedings
the Bashilele women never ceased to scream from inside the stockade, and
cry out to their warriors to immediately commence hostilities, while one
or two of the older women came out of the gates armed with large knives,
with the evident intention of despatching any of the Badjok who might
not be killed outright. When matters seemed at their worst the chief of
Makasu appeared upon the scene for the first time, and, remarking that
he alone was chief and intended to be obeyed, he requested his subjects
to keep quiet, and to listen to what Torday had to say. Then began a
long discussion. The chief pointed out that the Badjok had come into
the country uninvited, and would in all probability completely ruin the
hunting of the district by carelessly or intentionally setting fire to
the grass in the plains, and that this would mean a serious loss of
meat to the Bashilele. The leader of the Badjok party (most of which
consisted of small boys accompanied by some half-dozen men armed with
flintlock guns) then informed us that they came from far away to the
southward from Angola, and were engaged in collecting rubber and ivory
for sale at the white man’s factories on the upper Kasai, and that,
having made their fortunes at this occupation, they would return to their
homes. He pointed out that the Bashilele themselves had no use for the
rubber (they never sold it to the white man), and that he and his party
invariably paid liberal prices for any food-stuffs which they obtained
from the local natives; he assured us that all the Badjok were friends
of the white man, and that they had no intention of causing any harm to
any one. After a good deal of talk on both sides it was finally agreed
that the Badjok should be allowed to depart peacefully upon payment of
tribute to the chief, and the Bashilele warriors thereupon dispersed to
their various occupations as if nothing at all unusual had occurred.
Torday remained in the village to make sure that no attempt to follow the
strangers should be made, while I escorted the Badjok off the premises,
impressing upon them the necessity for extreme care in avoiding an
accidental conflagration in the plains, and telling them that should the
Bashilele again decide to attack them, we should be powerless to prevent
it. Torday expressed his thanks to the Bashilele chief and people for
the courteous way in which they had deferred to his wishes when he asked
them to abstain from an attack, and he handed them over a sack of salt
to be distributed among the people as a present to mark his appreciation
of their behaviour. During the whole of that night the Bashilele held
a dance of triumph, yelling and singing at the top of their voices, and
a couple of hours after sunrise on the following morning this dance was
still in progress, although many of the dancers could hardly lift their
feet and were streaming with perspiration. Several of our acquaintances
in the village completely lost their voices for some days as a result
of their singing in celebration of the bloodless victory. And so the
incident ended satisfactorily for all concerned—the Badjok had had
a very lucky escape; the Bashilele had been prevented from bringing
down upon themselves an invasion in such force as would certainly have
overwhelmed them had they murdered this small party of Badjok; and we
had been able to witness a real war scare among the Bashilele, and to
observe how courteous these primitive people are to guests for whom
they have conceived a liking. At the first alarm all the male members
of the population of over six or seven years old had taken arms, quite
small children of about eight being as eager for battle as the grown-up
warriors; the women, except for a few who came out to kill the wounded,
had all remained behind the stockade, and in their hurried flight from
the plantations had hastily concealed in the bush their hoes, baskets,
and other belongings which might hinder them in their retreat. As usual
our own men behaved with exemplary coolness, and took neither one side
nor the other in the dispute when any interference on their part might
easily have caused the Bashilele to turn their attentions from the Badjok
to ourselves. We had been very much impressed by the coolness of the
Badjok during the incident related above, but we were scarcely prepared
for the display of audacity which a few of them gave us next morning by
calmly turning up at the village of Makasu merely, as they expressed it,
to wish us good-day. They absolutely disregarded the presence of the
Bashilele, and the latter took no notice of them.
After leaving the second village of Makasu, which we did a few days after
the incident alluded to above, no event of any importance occurred during
our passage to the Kasai. Up to Makasu we had been able to find very few
natives who had ever been so far eastwards as the Black River (as the
Bashilele term the Kasai), but now that we were about half-way from the
Loange we came across quite a number of people who had been there, and we
began to hear of the whereabouts of the Kasai Company’s factories, one
of which we hoped to reach when we got to the river bank. As is often
the case in the Congo, these factories possessed one name by which the
white men and their employees call them, and a totally different one
by which they are known to the local natives. It was very difficult,
therefore, to ascertain which post it would be best for us to make for
of the three which existed. We eventually decided to try to reach Bena
Luidi, which lies upon the left bank of the Kasai at its confluence with
the Lulua. From Makasu we proceeded to a village named Kitambi, where
we met with the same friendly reception that had been accorded us at
both the Bashilele villages in which we had stayed. We were particularly
struck with the gentlemanly bearing of all the Bashilele chiefs with
whom we came in contact. They were just as dignified as their kinsmen
the Bushongo, but they appeared to be more manly and lack the _blasé_
swaggering manner of such men as Isambula N’Genga, the chief of Misumba.
The old chief of Kitambi showed us every possible consideration. One
evening Torday and I had been out to shoot some guinea-fowl, and upon
returning to the village we were met by the chief, who inquired if we
had heard any shouting in the village during our absence, and said
that he would like to assure us that the disturbances which had arisen
were entirely between his own subjects, and did not in any way concern
our men. He told us this that we might not imagine that our people had
disobeyed our instructions to behave peacefully in the village, and also
that we, his guests, should not be in any way put out by the trouble,
which was of a purely domestic nature (in fact, divorce proceedings of a
somewhat stormy character).
[Illustration: OUR PORTERS FROM THE KWILU.]
[Illustration: INTERIOR OF A BASHILELE VILLAGE.]
We spent several days in Kitambi, and by dint of dosing the natives for
various minor complaints we contrived to make ourselves so popular that
they were quite unwilling to let us proceed upon our way, and it was not
until Torday had resorted to the device of playing upon the feelings of
the women, saying that he was most anxious to reach his home in order to
see his family, from whom he had been separated for many years, that we
were able to persuade the people to carry our loads, and thus permit us
to depart from their midst. Just before leaving Kitambi a small party of
Badjok appeared in the village, having been sent to visit us by their
chief, who lived some two days’ journey to the south, to request us to
stay in his village, and to say that if we decided to pass that way his
people would convey our loads to the Kasai. We therefore started off
to the village of this chief Mayila, passing one night in a Bashilele
hamlet on the way. Upon arriving at Mayila’s village we discovered
that it was more or less of a temporary one, being the most northerly
settlement of the Badjok, who have in considerable numbers moved out of
Angola into Congo territory, in order to collect rubber in districts
like the Bashilele country, where the local natives do not trade in that
commodity, and hunt elephants and sell the ivory and rubber thus obtained
to the neighbouring factories of the Kasai Company. Having spent a few
years in thus amassing a fortune, the Badjok return to Angola where
spirituous liquors are permitted to be sold to the natives, and waste
their substance in riotous living. So keen are these people to trade with
the white man that I do not believe they possess one single article which
they would not sell, but the prices they demand are so extremely high
that during our stay with them we were not able to make very extensive
purchases for the Museum. As an instance of their enthusiasm to trade, I
may mention that one of these people suggested to us in all seriousness
that he should accompany us to Europe, bringing with him his rubber
and ivory, and thus save the middleman’s profit, which he was astute
enough to know must be made by the trading companies in Africa. The
Badjok are a truly remarkable people. Under-sized and dirty, there is
nothing picturesque about them, but being born warriors and possessing
absolutely no sense of fear, they have in the past migrated from the
south, conquering tribe after tribe with which they came in contact; in
fact, only one race of the south-western Congo, the Babunda, has fairly
defeated them on the field of battle. Nowadays the presence of European
authority had stemmed the tide of the Badjok invasion, and although these
people, had they decided to take up arms against the white man, could
have rendered the occupation of the upper Kasai extremely difficult,
their enthusiasm for trade has led them to realise that fortunes were
to be made in commerce with the white man, and they accordingly became
his friends. They are the only tribe with whom we came into contact who
habitually hunt elephants for their ivory. Their method for doing so is
as follows: Armed with flintlock guns (it is curious that although they
are wealthy the Badjok prefer to use the cheapest variety of “gaspipe”
that is sold in the Kasai), a party of half-a-dozen hunters proceed
to the various swamps in search of elephants. Upon finding an animal
carrying a good pair of tusks, two of the Badjok fire together at his
head, usually bringing him to his knees. These two then run away and
hastily reload their guns, while two more shoot simultaneously at the
animal’s head and also retire to reload, leaving the remaining two to
take their shots and then run away. By the time the third pair of Badjok
have discharged their guns the first pair have reloaded and are ready to
shoot again, and in this way a continuous fusillade is kept up until the
unfortunate elephant is dead. Although the Badjok were very friendly to
us, our stay in their village was not particularly comfortable. We were
neither of us in very good health, Torday having suffered from toothache
for some weeks, and I having broken a bone in my hand some months before
at the Mushenge, which I had never been able to have set, and which was
a constant cause of worry to me. We were therefore in need of as much
rest as the conditions of our life would allow, but in the Badjok village
sleep was almost out of the question, for all through the night the
people would keep up an animated conversation at the top of their voices,
each one remaining in his house and shouting to his friends at the other
side of the village. Dances, too, with their inevitable accompaniment of
tom-toms, were very frequently held, and always appeared to take place
as near as possible to our tents just as we were hoping to get to sleep.
Old Mayila, their chief, must have been nearly eighty years of age; in
his younger days he had travelled (possibly as a slave raider) very
extensively, and knew practically the whole of the country between Lake
Tanganyika and St. Paul de Loanda on the west coast. Torday was able to
check his veracity when he told us this, for he himself knows the country
about Tanganyika, and also round the Portuguese frontier by the upper
waters of the Kwilu, and he told me that the old chief knew the name
of every stream and village which he mentioned to him. The old man was
quite an amusing character. He induced his warriors to hold a dance in
our honour, in the course of which a good deal of powder was squibbed off
from the old flintlock guns, and at the conclusion of the dance Torday
produced a present of gunpowder and requested the chief to distribute it
among the performers. “I will keep it for them,” replied the old fellow,
hastily carrying it off to his hut, and, despite the angry protestations
of those for whom the present was intended, not one of them got so much
as a single load from those canisters. Old Mayila was extremely fond
of liquid refreshment, and he would always contrive to be present when
I took my daily drink of whisky before supper. He did not hesitate to
ask for some, and at last grew so importunate that I was compelled to
take my grog in the privacy of my tent, pretending that our supply was
finished. Although Mayila had promised that his people should carry our
loads to the Kasai, we soon discovered that he had in reality induced us
to visit him in the hope of being able to sell us rubber, and when he
found that we would not purchase any of that commodity he declined to
use his influence to persuade his subjects to carry for us. No one was
in the least anxious to act as a carrier, for the Badjok told us plainly
that they could make a better profit by spending their time in collecting
rubber and in hunting elephants than in accompanying us to the Kasai.
Although this delayed us some days it did not seriously inconvenience us,
for we persuaded a native to convey a letter to the white man’s factory
of Bena Luidi, and the Kasai Company’s agent there sent his own workmen
to bring on our loads to his post. Two very long days’ marching sufficed
to take us to the river after spending about two months in the unknown
country.
Although the distance, as the crow flies, from the Loange to the Kasai is
only about eighty miles, we were pleased at having performed a journey
which we had been assured was quite impossible. By discovering that
the country consists, for the most part, of grassy uplands and not of
impenetrable forest, we had cleared up the doubts which had existed as
to its nature; Torday had been able to confirm his theories as to the
relationship between its inhabitants and the Bushongo, thus adding very
considerably to the value of his researches among the latter people, and
we had shown that, with careful handling, the Bakongo and Bashilele are
by no means so hostile to the white man as we had been led to believe. We
were particularly pleased that, contrary to the predictions of Europeans,
we had been able to carry out our project without employing an armed
force and without having to fire a single shot in anger. It is true that
we have never been able to see the great chief Goman Vula, but, as I have
shown, the means at our disposal were not sufficient to enable us to
bribe the Bakongo into leading us to his village. As an instance of how
false reports gain credence in this part of Africa, I may mention that
our safe arrival on the banks of the Kasai occasioned no little surprise
among the traders and the captains of the steamers which plied upon that
river, for a rumour had been circulated that the whole of our party had
been massacred, and we ourselves had been eaten by the Bakongo!
I do not know how this story originated, especially as the Bakongo are
not, and never have been, cannibals, but I imagine that the white men who
considered that we were running a great risk in going into the unexplored
country must, in the absence of news from us, have begun to fear that
we had been murdered, and no doubt each time these fears were expressed
something was added to them, and in this way what was considered a
possibility rapidly grew into a fact. However it may have arisen, we
found that the rumour had actually reached the coast, and furthermore,
that a Belgian trader, on his way home to Europe, had informed Messrs.
Hatton and Cookson’s agent at Boma that he should proceed to England
to break the news of my death to my parents! It was fortunate that he
did not do so, for I have no doubt that by the time he had reached my
home he would have imagined that he himself had been an eyewitness of
the massacre which he might have described, together with details of
the cannibal feast which followed. With our arrival at Bena Luidi our
wanderings in the Kasai came practically to an end, for we descended the
river to Dima as soon as a steamer arrived on its way down stream from
Luebo, and thence hastened on to the coast to catch a vessel which should
bear us homeward after an absence of two years.
Although we had experienced some few hardships, and the climate of the
forest has probably left its mark permanently upon our constitutions, we
were not displeased with our work, for we had been able to amass a great
number of objects for the British Museum, and we had tried our best to
turn to good advantage the opportunities we had enjoyed of studying the
primitive African negro before he has been materially changed by contact
with the European—opportunities which, as the white man’s influence
spreads over the heart of the Dark Continent, must become rarer and more
rare until the not far distant day arrives when the African native in his
savage state exists no more.
[Illustration: BELGIAN CONGO
Part of the KASAI BASIN
_Published by permission of the Royal Geographical Society._]
INDEX
Akela tribe, 126, 160, 161
Aspect, clothing, dental and other customs, dwellings, &c., 179-81
Albinos, negro, at Lusambo, 80
Alcohol, sale of, restrictions on, 5, 6
Alela, _see_ Athenes
Animal Sacrifices, Bushongo, 101-2
Arab influence on Batetela tribes, 160, 161
Arrows, poisoned, of the Batwa, 83
Athenes (Alela) factory, 260, 264, 274
Country round, stay and work at and near, 265 _et seq._
Tribes near, 235
Babunda tribe—
Aspect of, 265
Bowmanship of, 273
Characteristics of, 267, 272, 280
Death and burial customs, 264, 273
Dress and ornaments of, 266
Dwellings, 262
Location of, 235
Rubber trade of, 266
Singing of, 35, 263
Baboma tribe, 26
Baby as war-trap, 146
Badinga tribe, Kasai river, hostility of, 276
Badjok tribe—
Characteristics of, 337-8, 340-1
Chief, visit to, 339
Dances of, 342
Elephant-hunting by, 341
Grass shelters of, 330
Slave raids by, 78, 306-7, 324
Trade and methods of, 340
Traders, 232, 330-1
near Makasu, 334 _et seq._
Sheep bred by, 289
Bangendi sub-tribe, rising of, 221-2
Visited by Torday, 111
Bakongo (_see also_ Bashilele) tribe—
Bad repute of, 227
Bombeecke on, 278-9
Cannibalism ascribed to, 287,
falsely, 344
Characteristics, 304, 306, 308-9 _et seq._
Chief of, 294
Cups made by, 282, 309
Dress and ornaments, 308
Head-dress, 330
Dwellings (at Insashi), 292-3
Fetish of, 313
Hunting methods of, 300-1
Porters, 298,
difficulties with, 301 _et seq._
Women as, 297, 302-3
Subdivision of the Bushongo, 329
Village and stockade (Insashi), 293
Bakuba (_see also_ Bushongo) tribe, 80
“Baluba,” so-called, origin of, and problem of, 72 _et seq._, 233, 281
Baluba tribe (true)—
Birth customs of, 79
Dress of women of, 79
Location of, 74
Bambala tribe—
Bowmanship of, 273
Cannibalism of, 252
Characteristics of, 76, 254-6
Dwellings of, 254
Singing of (Kwilu river), 35, 263
Slavery among, 76, 256
Tournaments of, 255-6
Northern, Agriculture of, 252
Southern, Porters from, 253, 259 _et seq._,
excellence of, 304-5
Torday’s acquaintance with, 235
Banana Point, 2
Bangongo, sub-tribe, of Bushongo, 90
Dwellings of, 190
Head-dresses of, 188
Bankutu tribe—
Appearance and physique of, 133, 134
Cannibalism among, 75, 125, 138, 148-9, 252
Characteristics of, 133-7, 142 _et seq._
Dwellings, 133
“Country houses” of, 138-9
Keloids used by, 134
Location of, 125
Problem of, 149-50
Slavery among, 75
Slaves eaten by, on death, 75, 148-9
Warfare of, 144-7
Women of, 134
Bapende tribe, 278
Dance of, 279
Dress and ornaments of, &c., 280
Dwellings, 283
Non-cannibal, 258
Dog-eaters, 258-9
Bapindji tribe—
Characteristics, 271-2
Location of, 235, 269
Bashilele (_see also_ Bakongo) tribe—
Arts and crafts, 330-1
Aspect and physique, 333
Bad repute of, 227
Cannibalism of, 287
Chief of, 279,
bearing of, 338-9
Courtesy of, to guests, 337, 339
Daily life of, 331-2
Head-dress of, 330
Hostility of, 29
Location of, 29
at Makasu, 323, 325 _et seq._
Origin of, 226
Subdivision of the Bushongo, 329
Warlike qualities of, 333 _et seq._
Basonge tribe—
Arts and crafts of, 35-7
Cannibalism of, 37, 61
Dance and music of, 35-6
Weapons of, 37
Basongo, post at, 28, 29
Basongo-Meno tribe, unfriendliness of, 86-7, 115-6, 130
Bateke tribe, village of, Kinshasa, 11-12
Batempa, journey to, 27, 28 _et seq._
Christmas Day at, 33
View from, 32, 33
_Yuka_ (animal) at, 33-5.
Batetela country, journey in, 33 _et seq._
Sleeping-sickness in, 64-5
Batetela tribe, 27
Agriculture of, 58-9, 62
Arts and crafts of, 52, 55, 65
Cannibalism among, 61
Dress of, 42, 43-4, 54
Dwellings of, 43
Rubber collectors’ huts, 131
European and Arab influence manifest among, 56, 94, 160, 161
Fetish customs of, 58
Foods of, 79
Friendliness of, to Europeans, 150, 160-1, 169, 174, 175
Head-ornaments, male, 45
History of, Okitu on, 60-1
Local politics of, 49, 67
Marriage customs of, 56
Physique, 42, 43-4
Signalling gong of, and its uses, 67-8
Sub-tribes—
Forest dwelling, 156, 160 _et seq._
Tobacco grown and smoked by, 51-2
Batetela-Bankutu tribes, internecine border warfare of, 131
Batwa dwarfs, Bushongo region, clothing and hunting skill of, 82-4,
89, 96-7, 134
Origin of, legend of, 84
Vocabulary of, secured, 96-7
Bayanzi tribe, 243
Cannibalism of, 258-9
Courage of, 234
Location of, 242, 244
Bembe, _see_ _Yuka_
Bena Dibele, post, 123-4, 186
Animal life near, 127
Climate at, 126-7
Rubber plantations near, 124-5
Bena Luidi, factory, 338, 343, 345
Bena Lulua tribe, courage of, 233
Benga, a Bapende “boy,” 258-9
Bienge factory, location of, 260
Bilumbu, the, at Misumba, 103 _et seq._
Birds seen at Gandu, 121
Birth customs, Baluba tribe, 79
Bishwambura, 301, 304
Bolombo, journey to, 185
Boma, 2
Bombeecke, M., of Dumba, 277, 278 _et seq._
Bompe, 301, 305
Bomu Island, Congo river, 15
Bondo, Kwilu cataracts at, 269-70
Boo, a boy chief, 164, 165
_Bos coffer simpsoni_, n.sp., discovered by the expedition, 178, 248
Bow _versus_ muzzle-loader, 69
Bows and arrows of Batwa dwarf hunters, 83
“Boys,” hints on handling, 38 _et seq._
Bridges, Native, &c.—
Creeper, 65
Log, 89, 326
Pole, 275
British Museum, 345;
uses of explained to the Nyimi, 193-4
British West Africa, natives of, at Dima, 23
Buffalo-hunting, Dima, 26
Buffaloes, love of salt of, 12
Where found, 191, 242 _et seq._, 278
Bush-buck, 63
Bushongo district—
Volcanic crevices in, 88
Iron from, 112
Legend of that near Misumba, 88-9
Bushongo people, 27, 80
Appearance and physique of, 133
Arts and crafts of (_see also_ Carvings), 93-4, 207, 309
Batwa huntsmen of, 82 _et seq._
Carvings by, 27, 36, 102, 109
Portrait statues, 186-7, 207-10
Characteristics, 93-4, 219
Children (girls), ornaments of, 81
Dances of, 102, 110-111, 201 _et seq._
Disunion among, 198-9, 221-2
Divination among, 211-2, 329-30
Dress of, ceremonial, at dances, 111, 201
Dwellings of, 95-6, 133, 190, 195-6, 330
Fishing methods of, 185-6
Folk-tales of, 106
of the _Yuka_, 106
Foods of, 213
Funeral customs of, 211-2
History of, compiled by Torday, 205 _et seq._
Hunting of, 82 _et seq._, 101, 225
Origin of, 205
Punishments among, 219-20
Religious ideas of, 217
Rising of (1904), 199-200, 213-4
Ruler of, and Viceroys, 90-1
Sacred objects of, 208
Secret society among, strength of, 114
Slaves of, position of, 76
Sub-tribes of, 90
Tobacco grown by, 215
Trading keenness of, 110
Tukula dye used by, 81
Weapons, 93
Buya, Bayanzi “boy,” a child, 257-8
Bwabwa village, visit to, 298-9
Bwao, 301
Cam-wood, _see_ Tukula
Cannibalism, past and present, 37, 61, 75, 138, 142 _et seq._, 176,
227, 258-9
Carvings of the Bushongo, 27, 36, 93, 109, 207-10
_Cephalophos simpsoni_, n.sp. of Duiker, found near Kole, 150-1
Chaltin, Colonel, 223, 230-1, 237
Charms of the Bapende, 280, 284
at Entrances to villages, 190-1, 299
Chenjo, 140
Chiefs, appointment of, errors in, 90-1, 117, 127-8
Chikongo dialect, where used, 6
Chituba language, 192
Clay applications, Southern Bambala, 253
Climate and health, 1, 2, 7, 9-10 _et passim_
Cloth, remarkable, made by the Bushongo, 210
Cloth-weaving, Bushongo, 93
Congo Railway, 5 _et seq._
Congo Region, Fetishes worn throughout, 58
Sleeping-sickness in, 17, _see_ _that head_
Southern, slavery in, classes of, 78
Congo River, cataracts on, 8, 13, 85
Estuary of, ports at, 2
Scenery on, 2, 4-5, 9, 15 _et seq._
Upper, vessels on, 8
Crocodiles, where found, 17, 21, 241
Carved, in Bushongo divination, 211-2, 329-30
Cuckoo, Emerald, 132
Dance space, Bakongo village, 293
Dances, various tribes—
Badjok, 342
Bapende tribe, 279
Basonge, 35-6
Batetela tribes, forest-dwelling, 17
Bushongo, 102, 110-111, 201-2, 203-4, 211-12
Death and Burial Customs—
Akela tribe, 181
Babunda, 264, 273
Bankutu (slaves), 75, 148-9
Bushongo tribe, 201-3, 211-2
Kasai region, 75
Okale tribe, 176
Olemba tribe, 162
Decoy-duck, use of, 119-20
Dilonda, Bapende chief, 283,
dealings with, 284 _et seq._
Dima, 10, 345
Animal life near, 26
Importance of, 21 _et seq._
Improvements at, 229-30
Journey from, to the Sankuru, 27 _et seq._
Natives at, 23-5
Religion of, 24
Divining instruments, Bushongo, 210-211, 329-30
Divorce case, at Misumba, 108-9
Dogs, Cannibal horror of eating, 258-9
European, able to live in Congo-land, 183
Hunting, of Native tribes, 300-1, 332
_Domaine privée_, Congo district, 123, 124
Domestic animals, Kasai region, 274
Door-posts, carved, at the Mushenge, 197
Dover Cliffs, Congo, 16
Drawings, coloured, of the Batetela, 52
Dress of various tribes—
Akela, 179-80
Bakongo, 308
Baluba, 79
Bambala, Southern, 253
Bapende (boys’, for initiation), 282-3
Batetela, 43-4
Batwa dwarf hunters, 83
Bushongo, ceremonial, at dances, in, 201-4
King’s, 192
Okale, 175
Vungi, 173
Drums—
Friction, 255
Signalling (or gong), 67-8, 132, 175-6
Duiker, 63-4,
n.sp., Kole, 150-1
Dumba factory, 29, 236, 260
Journey to and beyond, 275 _et seq._
River at, country round, and amenities of, 275 _et seq._
Dutch House, trading firm, 2
Dwellings of various tribes—
Akela, 181
Babunda, 262-3
Bakongo (of Insashi), 292-3
Bambala, 254
Bangongo (at Misumba), 190
Bankutu, 133
Bapende, 283
Bateke, 12
Batetela, 43
Bushongo, 330,
(at Misumba) 95-6, 133,
(near the Mushenge) 190, 195-6
Lusambo, 80
Vungi, 173
Earthquakes, Misumba, legend on, 88-9
Egg-blowing, native surprise at, 313, 315
Elephant-hunting of the Badjok, 341
Elephants, where found, 21, 224, 331
Elephants, clockwork, effect of, on natives, 228-9, 261-2, 270-1,
286, 300, 311-2, 313, 320-2, 324, 327, 329
Elephant’s tusk, as royal chair-back, 190, 202
Embroidery, Bushongo, 93-4
Emin Pasha, 64
Eolo factory, Kasai river, 28, 29
Escorts, pros and cons of, 233-4
Eyelash extraction, of Bakongo women, 308
Female line, succession to Bushongo kingship, 205
_Fermes chapelles_ of Jesuit missions, 238 _et seq._
Fetish-man, Oyumba, skill of, 163-4
Fetishes of the Bakongo, 313
Bushongo, Hunting, at Misumba, 101
Sacrifices to, 101-2
Kasai natives, how considered, 58
Fire, native carelessness as to, 188
Fishing, primitive methods, 120
Flute, played by the Nose, 254-5
Folk-tales of the Bushongo, 106
Food of the Batetela, 79
Vungi, 174
Forest life, depression caused by, 186
Forest marching, 170-3, 177-8, 214
Forest region, Animal life in, wealth of, 150-1, 178-9
Forest tribes, 138 _et seq._
Warfare of, 144-7
Forests—
near Kole, mists and other drawbacks in, 147-8
along the Kwilu, 240
Friction Drum, 255
Fuchs, M., 3
Fuel for Kwilu steamers, 241
_Fumu N’Tangu_, s.w.s., journey on, 14
Gamba, incident at, 136-7
Gandu—
Animal and bird life at, 120-3
Mosquitoes at, 118-9
Tsetse-fly at, 118
Gandu, of Kanenenke, 312 _et seq._
Gentil, M., 232, 236
Ghost dance, of the Bushongo, 203-4
Ghosts, Bankutu precaution against, 148
Girl-dancers of the Basonge, 36
Goman Vula, chief, 279, 294, 298, 344
Decree of against European goods, 310
Tribes ruled by, 329
Village of, 313, 330
Gong or Drum, Signalling, Batetela tribes, 67-8, 133, 175-6
Great Lakes Railway Co., 13
Greeting, nasal, Olemba tribe, 162
Gustin, Commandant, 31, 67, 70, 84, 85
Hair and head-dressing of various tribes—
Babunda, 266
Bangongo, 188
Bankutu, 134
Southern Bambala, 253
Bashilele, 330
Hardy, N., sketches by, 21 _et alibi_
Harnessed bush-buck, 26
Hatton & Cookson, Messrs., 4, 12, 345
Hemp-smoking of the Batetela, 256
Hippopotami—
Kasai river, 17, 19, 20
Kasai and Sankuru rivers, epidemic among, 29
Kwilu river, 241
Sankuru river, hunt, with Zappo, 122-3
Wissman Pool, 20
Human Sacrifice, 75, _and see_ 148-9
Hunting methods, various tribes—
Bakongo, 300-1
Batwa, 82-4, 89, 96-7, 134
Bushongo, 93, 96, 99-100
Hyrax, _see_ _Yuka_
Ibanshe, American mission at, 218
Idanga factory, 164, 184
Mosquitoes and Tsetse at, 185
Stay at, and excursions round, 185 _et seq._
Ikoka factory, 31
Journey from, to Batempa, 32, 33
Ikwembe, buffaloes near, 224-6
Initiation ceremonies, Bapende, appurtenances of, 282-3
Inkongu, English missionary at, 31, 77
Insashi, Bakongo villages, 286,
visit to, 290-1, 297
Inzia river, 235
Affluent of the Kwilu, 240
Factories on, 242
Iron, Bakongo liking for, 286-7, 298 _et seq._, 309 _et seq._, 316
from Volcanic crevices, 112
Iron-working, of the Bushongo, 93
Isaka, post, disused, 83
Isambula N’Genga, chief, 90,
and dandy, 91-2, 128
Jadi, chief, Mokunji, 59, 68, 69
Difficulties, official, concerning, 49
Dwelling of, 58
Fetishes of, 58
Intercourse with, 53 _et seq._
Jesuit missions, Kwango river region, 237-9
Jokes, practical, native love of, 271-2
“Jones,” Loango “boy,” 6 _et alibi_
Joyce, T. A., 205
Kancha river, 29
Factory near, 260
Kanda Kanda, Buffaloes near, 249
Lions near, 187
Kandale factory, 232
Country and natives near, 232
Kandolo and his village, 166-70
Kanenenke, 307-9
Kangala village, and its chief, 282 _et seq._
Kasai Company, factories of, names of, difficulty concerning, 338
Headquarters of, 21 _et seq._
Kasai district (_see also_ Lualaba-Kasai), 345
Coin introduced into, 25
Domestic slavery in, 75 _et seq._
Kasai river, Bashilele name for, 338
Affluents of, 21, 28-9, 275, 281, 325, 338
Animal life on, 17-21
Hippopotami of, disease among, 29
Journey up, 17 _et seq._, 27 _et seq._
Native chief’s knowledge of, 285
Natives of, Fetish-notions of, 58
Fishing and bargaining of, 18, 19
Scenery along, 28, 30
Storms on, 18
Upper, journey to, 227
Kasongo-Batetela village, 44,
and its chief, 45-6,
music at, 45
Keloids, tribes using, 54, 55, 134
Kenge village, 312-3
Chief at, 314 _et seq._
Difficulties at, 316 _et seq._
Route to, and country near, 315
Kikwit, post, Kwilu river, 25
Bambala tribe around, 253 _et seq._
Journey to, 231 _et seq._
Kinshasa, 10-12
Bateke village at, 14
Kisantu, Jesuit mission headquarters, 239
Kitambi, stay at, 338-9
Kole, Bankutu cannibals near, 125
Visit to, and meeting with Bankutu at, 141 _et seq._
Kwamouth, 16-17
Kwango river, 21
Affluent of, 239
Journey up, scenery on, 237 _et seq._
Trade on, 239-40
Kwete Peshanga Kena, Nyimi or King of the Bushongo, 227
Appearance of, 192
Attitude of to R.C. missionaries, 216-18
Children of, 222-3
Councillors of, 198, 199
Dress of, 192
Ceremonial, 202, 203
Dwelling of, 196-7
Friendliness of, 196, 216
Household of, 212
Justice of, 219-20
Progressiveness of, 198, 216
Torday’s interview with, 193-4
Viceroys of, 90-1
Welcome from, 188
Kwilu Buffalo, discovered by the expedition, 178, 248
Kwilu country, alleged dangers of, 234
Kwilu river, affluents of, 235, 240
Cataracts on, 269-70
Journey up, 229 _et seq._, 240 _et seq._
Outfall of, 239
Scenery along, 240 _et seq._, 269
Tribes beside, 269
Torday’s popularity with, 233
Variant names of, 240
Kwilu river basin, produce from, 22, 26
Lac Leopold II., 28
Lardot, M., 125
Le Grand, Lieutenant, 29
Leaf-cups, of the Bakongo, 309
Leopards, man-eating, near Mokunji, 64
Leopoldville, 12, 13
Anthropological work at, 13, 14
Journey to, 6-12
Loange region, Natives of, name used by, 227
Loange river, 29, 281
Crossing of, in canoes, 295 _et seq._
Loange and Kasai rivers, country between, 315, 343-4,
mapped, 298
Tribes between, origin of, 329
Lodja, station, 164
Forest north of, dense population of, 173
Journey to, 152-6
Life at, 157 _et seq._
Sports at, 157-60
Lohinde Jofu, sub-tribe of Batetela, 161
Lomela, tribes near, 126
Louis, catechist and sportsman, 243, 244 _et seq._
Lualaba-Kasai district, 3
Administrative centre of, 31
Luana stream, course and outfall of, 281
Luano factory, Natives near known to Torday, 235
Porters from, 252, 253
Lubefu river, features of, 65
Journey up, 27
Primitive Batetela tribes north of, 125
Lubefu station, 65
Lubue river, 22, 29
Affluent of, 281
at Dumba, 275-6
Factories on, 280
Hills near, 265
Hospital on, 29
Luchima, cook, 257 _et alibi_
Luchwadi river (Lotjadi), 189
Lagoons of, 191
Luebo, 24, 25, 345;
slavery at, 78
Lukenye river, posts on, 124
Navigation and scenery of, 153 _et seq._
Outfall of, 28
Rafts on, 156
Shores of, dangers of, 151
Whirlpool on, 153
Lulua river, affluent of the Kasai, 338
Lumbuli, village of, 165
Lumbunji river, 325-6
Affluent of, 331
Lusambo administrative centre, 24, 25, 27, 31
Lusambo, “Baluba” of, problem of, 72 _et seq._
Batwa dwarfs met at, 82-4
Bushongo of, 80, 81
Horses at, 71
Market at, features of, 79-80
Slavery at, 78
Visit to, and excursions around, 70 _et seq._
Mabruki, cook, 257
Magyar, Ladislaus, explorer, 235-6, 260
Makasu villages, visit to, 322 _et seq._, 331, 332 _et seq._
Mangay, Rubber plantations at, 29
Marriage customs of various tribes—
Batetela, 56
Olemba, 162-3
Mask-charms of the Bapende, 280
Masks, initiation, of Bapende boys, 282-3
Masolo, an interpreter, 105, 106
Matadi, described, 5;
journey to, 1-5
Mayila, Badjok chief, visit to, 339-40
Information from, 342-3
Mayuyu (Bambala), gun-bearer, 259, 312-3, 323-4
M’Bei, village, game at, 239,
journey to, 235, 240
Mikope, 223
Miloa river, Elephant spoor near, 331
Mingi Bengela, 223
Misumba, Animal life near, 112
Batwa dwarfs near, 84
Country round, 86-9
Local government at, 90 _et seq._
Native dwellings at, 94-6, 190, 195-6
Native life and work at, 92 _et seq._
Stay at, and excursions around, 89 _et seq._
Volcanic crevices near, 88, 112
Missionary methods, a suggestion on, 217-9
Moamba, Bambala porter, 252-3
Adventure of, 327-8
Mokenye (Bambala), gun-bearer, 259
Mokulu, Babunda village, and its chief, 267-9
Mokunji, Animal life near, 63-4
Building changes in, 56
Chief of, welcome by, 53
Visit to, 27 _et seq._
Morretti, Lieutenant, 186
Mosquitoes, where prevalent, 11, 19, 23, 26, 118-9, 148, 185
Murderers, Olemba, punishment of, 162
Mushenge, the, capital of the Bushongo, 90
Animal life near, 224-6
Arrival at, and stay at, 191 _et seq._
Country near, 189
Cultivation near, 197-8
Dwellings at, 195
Kwete’s palace, 196-7
Gilded youth of, 200
Journey to, 187 _et seq._
Life at, 200 _et seq._
Musical instruments of various tribes—
Bambala, 254-5
Basonge, 35-6
Bushongo, 87, 202
Mustard, a liking for! 288
Mutton, craving for, 289-90
Native characteristics (_see also under_ Names of Tribes), 46, 328
Troops, at Lusambo, 71-2
Natives, Clothing of, at Dima, 23-4
Hints on handling, 38 _et seq._, 46 _et seq._, 136, 191, 231,
234-5, 282, 344
Negroes, Albino, at Lusambo, 80
Arithmetical limitations of, 97
Facial aspects, European ideas on, 133-4
Noki, post, 2, 4, 5
Okale, Batetela sub-tribe, Dress, customs, &c., of, 175 _et seq._
Okitu, ex-chief of Mokunji, 49, 59,
friendliness of, 60 _et seq._
Okitulonga, Batetela village, 43
Olemba (Batetela) tribe—
Forest dwellers, 161
Customs of, 162-4
Osodu village, hospitable natives at, 48 _et seq._
Osodu, chief of, recalcitrance of, 49;
hospitality of his children, 50-1;
release of, 67
Oyumba village, 161-2
Pakoba, Basongo-Meno village, Sankuru river, 129-30
Palm wine, a mighty drinker of, 288-9
Bakongo customs connected with, 308-9
Pana, Jesuit _ferme chapelle_, animal life at, 239-40, 245 _et seq._,
278
Described, 243-4
Pangu, hospital at, 22, 216
Peffer, Lieutenant, at Kole, 141, 142, 152
Pères de Scheut, mission house of, at the Mushenge, 191
_Petrodomus_, n.sp. found near Misumba, 112
Poison ordeal, Bushongo tribe, 50, 211
Polygamy, tribes practising, 56, 202
Pongo-Pongo, chief of Misumba, 90, 128;
information from, 91;
sporting trip with, 97-101
Population statistics, problems of, 56, 57, 58
Porters (_see also_ Natives), hints on managing, 136
Women as, 297, 302-3
Punishments, Bushongo, 219, 220
Rafts, native, Lukenye river, 156
Railways, 5 _et seq._
Rattles—
Funeral, 273
Hunting, 99, 100, 300
Musical, 45
Reckitt’s blue, native use of, 304, 318
Red river hog, near Mokunji, 64
Religion of the Bushongo, 217-8
Roman Catholic missionaries to the Bushongo, 216-18
Rubber as currency, 266
Rubber-collecting, Badjok tribe, 331
Rubber plantations—
Bena Dibele, 124-5
Mangay, 29
Rubber trade of the Babunda, 266-7
Sacrifices, _see_ Animal, _and_ Human
_St. Antoine_ s.s., journey by, 237, 252 _et seq._
Salt as currency, 42, 195, 263, 297, 308, 310, 326
Salt-tasting plant beloved of Buffaloes, 121
“Sam,” an honest “boy,” 39, 41, 77-8, 81, 236, 257, 278
San Salvador, Angola, 4
Sankuru river, country near, 86
Hippopotami of, disease among, 29
Journey to, 113, 115 _et seq._
Journey up, 33
Natives from, 24
Scenery along, 30, 32, 33
Tribes near, 86
Saut, Commandant, 31, 70
_Schlagerstrom_, launch, journey on, 84 _et seq._;
its captain and his fate, 85-6
Shamba Bolongongo, King of the Bushongo, history of, 206-7
Carved portrait of, 186-7, 207-10
Sheep, where found, 33, 274, 289
Shields of the Akela tribe, 181
Signalling Drum or Gong, 67-8, 132, 175-6
Sitatunga antelope, 151
Skulls, collection of, 65-6
Slave-raids still carried on, 78
Slave trade and Domestic Slavery, 73, 75 _et seq._, 78, 256, 306-7
Slaves, Buried alive at funerals of the great, 75
Bushongo, position of, 75-6, 212
Eaten by Bankutu, 75, 148-9
“Freed,” _see_ “Baluba”
Sleeping-sickness, 11, 17, 155
Early symptoms of, 82
Isolation methods, Batetela, 65
Smoking of the
Bakongo, 309, 311-2
Bashilele, 332
Bushongo, legend of its introduction, 215-6
Sneezing, Batetela custom as to, 55
Soap, Batetela make of, 52
Stanley Pool, Railway to, 5 _et seq._
Sticks of office of Bushongo elders, 91-2
Stomach-ache, odd cure for, 141
Teeth, Akela custom of destroying, 180
Thesiger, Capt. the Hon. W. G., information from, 186-7, 207-10
Thysville, 9, 10
Tobacco, tribes growing and using, 51-2, 59, 215, 309, 311-2, 332
Tofoke people, Facial Keloids of, 55
Tono people, near Kole, Cannibalism and other habits of, 142 _et
seq._, 152
Tournaments, of the Bambala, 255-6
Toys, _see_ Elephants
Trade goods for the Loange district, 286-7
Traps—
Hunting, 145
War, Bankutu, 145-6
Tsetse-fly, 12, 118, 148, 154, 155, 185
“Tukongo,” branch of the Bakongo, 226-7
Tukula wood, 81-2
Carved, as mourning gifts, 211
Dye from, uses of, 81-2, 188, 280
Twipolo, Bankutu village, 130, 132, 135
Umbi Enungu, information gathered from, 62 _et seq._
Underwood, Mr. and Mrs., 4
Van Tilborg, Father, S.J., 238-9
_Velde_, s., journeys in, 27 _et seq._, 69, 122
_Ville de Bruxelles_, fate of wrecked passengers of, 151-2
Volcanic crevices, 88
Iron from, 112
Vungi, Batetela sub-tribe, Dress, customs, &c., of, 173-5
Wahis, Baron, 3
Wall decorations, of the Bushongo, 52, 196-7
Warfare of various tribes—
Babunda, 263-4
Bankutu, 144-7
Bashilele, 133 _et seq._
Watch “towers” of Batetela rubber collectors, 131-2
Weapons of various tribes—
Akela, 181
Babunda, 273
Basonge, 37
Batetela, Bow _versus_ muzzle-loader, 69
Batwa, 83
Bushongo, 93
Vungi, 173
Westcott, Mr., 31, 77
White man, Native notion on, 307-8
White “residents,” suggestions on, 164-5, 219, 220
Wigs of the Bapende, 280
Wissman Pool, Kasai river, animal life at, 20
“Witchcraft” (_see also_ Divining) at Oyumba, 163-4
Initiation ceremonies, Bankutu, 141
Wombali, Jesuit mission at, 237
Women of various tribes—
Bakongo, as Porters, 297, 302-3
Bankutu, 134
Batetela tribe, Keloids of, 54
Yongo’s practical joke, 272
_Yuka_, the, mysterious animal, 33-5
Specimen secured, 64-5
Story about, 107
Zappo, “chief,” at Zappo-Lubumba, 115-7, 128
Sport with, 122-3
Zappo-Lubumba village, 86
Difficulties at, 115-7
Zappo Zap, warlike tribe, 233
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