MORWENSTOW
There is a fine stretch of sands protecting the Bude shores, but the
background of these sands is cliff. It was this sand that made one of
the chief uses of the canal from Bude to Holsworthy, now superseded by
the railway; containing a large proportion of lime, it is valuable for
agricultural purposes. The sands have a further use now as a
playground for visitors; very few watering-places become really
popular without such a beach for the children and the bathers. But the
true coast is, of course, the background of cliff, and this continues
grandly rugged and broken to the Devon borders, and beyond. Little
more than a mile north of Bude is Poughill, pronounced Puffill. The
church, dedicated to St. Olaf, is one of the few Teutonic foundations
in Cornwall; but, indeed, this northern corner of the neighbouring
counties, with its "weeks" and "hams" and "worthies," must have been
largely held by settlements of Saxons. The value of place-names in
such matters is very great, though it must never be pressed too far.
Poughill Church, with a good Perpendicular tower, is chiefly notable
for its frescoes, somewhat glaringly restored; they resemble those of
St. Breage, in the Helston district. Both figures represent St.
Christopher bearing his sacred burden across the tide, and the details
are in an advanced stage of symbolism. Far more pleasing,
artistically, are the beautiful bench-ends of the early sixteenth
century, with their various emblems of the Crucifixion, their armorial
insignia, their symbols and initials. This church is peculiarly
attractive, and its situation is delightful. From thence the road runs
to Kilkhampton, whither recollections of the Grenvilles have already
carried us. We are now getting into the heart of the Hawker district,
but other associations are so numerous here that it seems impossible
to deal with them all in anything like an adequate manner. The
Perpendicular church of Kilkhampton chiefly dates from the Elizabethan
days when one of the Grenvilles was rector here; but it embodies the
beautiful Norman doorway from the church supposed to have been built
in the eleventh century by another Grenville. Some other Norman traces
are preserved--Rector Grenville was a judicious restorer. Of his date
are the oak bench-ends, which are as good as Poughill's, and there is
an elaborate screen. The monument of Sir Beville Grenville, erected
long after his death by his grandson, is perhaps not quite what it
ought to be--it is too dismal and conventional. It is very much in the
spirit of the Calvinistic clergyman, James Hervey, who, when curate at
Bideford, was so much impressed by Kilkhampton Church that it prompted
his once famous _Meditations among the Tombs_. The work and others of
its author's, such as _Theron and Aspasio_, may still be met with
occasionally on old-fashioned bookshelves, or on the second-hand
stalls; and they forcibly remind us of the style of second-rate
reflection which, in a different dress, is still dear to the average
sober-minded individual. But Hervey is not at all bad, of his sort,
and our great-grandfathers thought him profound. Probably, however, he
was dearer to their wives; it is chiefly women who support this kind
of moralising. To Hervey Kilkhampton Church was "an ancient Pile,
reared by Hands that ages ago moulded into Dust--the Body spacious,
the Structure lofty, the whole magnificently plain." He was at
Bideford in 1740. Much more lively in its nature was the connection
with this parish of the notorious Cruel Coppinger, smuggler, wrecker,
and desperado.
"Will you hear of Cruel Coppinger?
He came from a foreign land;
He was brought to us by the salt water,
He was carried away by the wind."
Coppinger has become almost mythical, by reason of older traditions of
pirate-smugglers being attributed to him. The Rev. S. Baring-Gould
himself, in his book on the _Vicar of Morwenstow_, has located
Coppinger in the Kilkhampton district; but his novel, _In the Roar of
the Sea_, places its hero, somewhat humanised, at St. Enodoc. The
truth is, there are similar traditions in several parts of the Cornish
coast, and elsewhere. There was a floating mass of legend ready to be
appropriated by any character that might seem to deserve it; and we
may take Coppinger as a kind of generic title, the clustering of
varying Cornish traditions of wrecking and piracy round one name. Such
being the case, he may as well be placed at Kilkhampton as anywhere
else. He is reported sometimes as a Dane, sometimes as an Irishman,
who was thrown on the coast in a tempest, who leaped upon her horse's
back behind a girl who had come to witness the wreck, and who
ultimately married her. He proved to be one of the blackest villains
Cornwall had ever known, but as he had a powerful gang of followers
who aided him in all his misdoings, there must have been plenty as bad
as he, though they might lack his gift of leadership and initiative.
He is said to have chopped off a gauger's hand on the gunwale of a
boat--rumour reported even worse things than this; and he once soundly
horsewhipped the parson of Kilkhampton, who had offended him. There is
also a story of his carrying a terrified tailor to "mend the devil's
breeches." He departed as mysteriously as he came, after many years of
vile outrage; he "who came with the water went with the wind." It is
clear that a great deal of old-time folk-lore has gathered round this
name, and probably no single man must be held answerable for all the
wild doings related of Cruel Coppinger. In all such traditions Hawker
is a most unsafe guide; he did not consciously "falsify the books,"
but he had misled many who came after, particularly the popular
guide-books, by his looseness and his play of fancy. But he came to
this district at a period when smuggling, if not actual wrecking and
piracy, was at its height--not only in Cornwall, be it remembered, but
in many other parts of the coast, such as Sussex and Kent. It was a
time when the Cornish used to thank God for wrecks; and if they did
not actually lure vessels to destruction on their cruel coasts, which
it may be feared they did sometimes, they at least did nothing to
avert the disasters which, to their mind, were sent by a merciful
providence. There was even a proverb that it was unlucky to rescue a
drowning man--widespread, for Scott mentions it in the "Pirate"; the
bad luck which these coast-folk had in view being the fact that a
rescued personage could claim his property that the sea had cast up.
[Illustration: MORWENSTOW.
_Photo by Gibson & Sons._]
Hawker was born in Norley Street, Plymouth, December 29, 1803; his
grandfather and uncle were both clergy in Plymouth at the time. Thus,
though he has won a world-wide fame as the Cornish poet, Hawker was
really Devonian; in this borderland of the two counties there is
practically no difference. In the same manner the Grenvilles were of
Devonshire, yet Cornwall treasures their memories with justifiable
pride. In after years Hawker used to say that, could his mother have
foreseen how sorrowful his life would be, she would have given a
gentle pressure to his throat in his first hour, and so have averted
all his earthly trials. He grew to be a mischievous and daring lad.
One of his pranks was to swim out to the crags at the mouth of Bude
haven, and there pose as a mermaid; which he did to the prolonged
bewilderment of the countryfolk. He was educated at Liskeard,
Cheltenham, and Oxford; coming to Morwenstow in 1834 after having held
the curacy of North Tamerton. He had already married a lady who was
twenty years older than himself--a marriage of the deepest lasting
affection. His second marriage, in his old age, was to a lady forty
years his junior; but by this time the poet's spirit had been broken
by solitude, grief, failure to win literary success, and by the
terrible scenes of shipwreck and death that often distracted him. He
died in 1875, having been received into the Romish Church a few hours
before his death; and the remains were laid in Plymouth Cemetery. On
his tombstone is a line from his own beautiful poem, "The Quest of the
Sangraal"--
"I would not be forgotten in this land."
There is now an elaborate memorial window in Morwenstow Church,
unveiled in 1904. The poet has not been forgotten in this land, nor is
he likely to be. He has impressed himself so vividly on the district
that was long his home, that we may now as justly speak of the Hawker
country as we do of the Scott or the Wordsworth country. The work was
accomplished even more by the man's personality than by his writings.
If only these writings had been preserved he would not pass to
posterity quite as fully as he merited; only a portion of the man
would survive. But there was the tradition of the man himself,
assisted by some inadequate memoirs; and now we have one of the most
charming biographies of recent times to bring him before us. He was
not only poet and essayist; he was cleric and mystic, preacher,
prophet, symbolist, philanthropist--some may add reactionary. His life
was permeated with Catholic doctrine and colour. When he passed, in
his closing hours, to a sister communion, the step was a natural and
easy one, however unnecessary some of us may think it to have been. He
loved the Church of England devotedly and unfailingly; but he always
looked upon her as the Old Church, rather than as a reformed body; and
to his unquestioning mind a few extra dogmas would never have
presented any difficulty. It was disbelief, doubt, that he abhorred.
Like Sir Thomas Browne, he was greedy for more mysteries, more
marvels, more sublimities for unhesitating acceptance. He was always
in sympathy both with the Roman and the early Greek Churches, and
sometimes in his own ritual he borrowed from both; yet he could
fulminate hotly enough at times against the excesses of either. He
loved deeply and hated strongly; but the love was permanent and real,
the hatred transient and superficial.
He had a lifelong bitterness against Dissenters, and lived on the
tenderest terms with many. His bark was very much worse than his bite.
"I understand, Mr. Hawker," once said a Nonconformist lady to him,
"that you have an objection to burying Dissenters?" "Madam," he
replied, "I should be only too delighted to bury you all." But there
was no real sting behind the words, and some of his dearest and
kindest parishioners were not Churchmen. He spent his days in doing
good deeds to man and beast, saving strangers from the devouring sea,
or giving their bodies Christian burial; tutoring the rugged hearts of
his people; and living himself, in spite of much sorrow,
disappointment, loss, in a world of holy dream and vision, conversing
in spirit with saints and angels. Hawker believed that his dear
country was given over to doubt and laxity; and every affliction of
war, misfortune, bad weather, he interpreted as the chastening hand of
God. He would have had his world coloured entirely by faith and
religious observance; stained as it were, like the glass of church
windows, by sacred image and story. But practicalities pressed heavily
upon him and almost broke his heart; his poetic impulse failed under
sore discouragement; he did not proceed with his finest poem; those of
his poems that became popular did so without the attachment of his
name. Very much of this was due to his own procedure; yet the man had
much hardship, neglect, and suffering, for which he could in no sense
be held responsible. He was a true descendant of the early Cornish
saints, born perhaps several centuries too late, and thrust upon a
world where he had to turn to sea and wind and woodland for the mystic
symbolism which was his life-breath, finding too little of it in the
ways and words of Victorian England.
The present vicarage at Morwenstow was built by Hawker himself, there
having been no vicar in residence for long years before his coming. It
was here, in 1848, that Tennyson visited him, coming over from Bude,
where he was staying at the Falcon Hotel. In stepping hastily from the
garden to reach the sea, when he first arrived, the poet had fallen;
there was no protecting rail there at that time. The injury proved so
serious that he had to see a surgeon; and this surgeon happened to be
Mr. John Dinham, Hawker's brother-in-law. Two days after the accident
Tennyson drove over to Morwenstow with Dinham to see Hawker. His own
note on the visit is brief and unsatisfying: "In a gig to Rev. S.
Hawker, at Morwenstow, passing Comb Valley, fine view over sea,
coldest manner of vicar till I told my name, then all heartiness. Walk
on cliff with him; told of shipwreck." This is very meagre. Happily
Hawker himself wrote down a more detailed account, and this was
discovered among his brother's papers. It was headed with a cross,
signifying that it recorded what Hawker deemed a mark of divine
favour. "It was in the month of June, 1848, that my brother-in-law,
John Dinham, arrived at Morwenstow with a very fine-looking man whom
he had been called in to attend professionally at Bude for an injury
in the knee from a fall.... I found my guest at his entrance a tall,
swarthy, Spanish-looking man, with an eye like a sword. He sate down,
and we conversed. I at once found myself with no common mind. All
poetry in particular he seemed to use like household words.... Before
we left the room he said, 'Do you know my name?' I said, 'No, I have
not even a guess.' 'Do you wish to know it?' 'I don't much care--that
which we call a rose, &c.' 'Well then,' said he, 'my name is
_Tennyson_!' 'What!' said I, '_the_ Tennyson?' 'What do you mean by
_the_ Tennyson? I am Alfred Tennyson who wrote Locksley Hall, which
you seem to know by heart.' So we grasped hands, and the Shepherd's
heart was glad.... Then, seated on the brow of the cliff, with
Dundagel full in view, he revealed to me the purpose of his journey to
the West. He is about to conceive a poem--the hero King Arthur--the
scenery in part the vanished Land of Lyonesse, between the mainland
and the Scilly Isles.... Then evening fell. He arose to go; and I
agreed to drive him on his way. He demanded a pipe, and produced a
package of very common shag. By great good luck my sexton had about
him his own short black dudheen, which accordingly the Minstrel filled
and fired. Wild language occupied the way, until we shook farewell at
Combe. 'This,' said Tennyson, 'has indeed been a day to be
remembered.'" Hawker had a presentiment that they would never meet
again, and they never did, though Tennyson visited Cornwall in later
years. There was some slight correspondence, and an interchange of
books; but the two drifted apart in spirit--perhaps they had never
been very near. Tennyson's theology was that of Maurice, whom Hawker
came to regard as an arch-enemy of Catholic truth. On one ground they
both met in later life--when they chose the subject of the Holy Grail
for poetic treatment; and on this ground the lesser poet beat the
greater, as Tennyson himself frankly acknowledged. Yet both in their
different ways lived near to the spirit that is typified by the Grail;
but the one abode in solitude on his wild Cornish cliffs and the other
lived in the blaze of popular fame, visited and loved by the greatest
in the land. Who shall say that Hawker's life, after all, was not the
nearest to his best ideals? Morwenstow vicarage is curious for its
chimneys, which Hawker himself designed from church-towers in his
neighbourhood and at Oxford. The church and vicarage stand in
loneliness; there is no central village at Morwenstow, but the
residences are scattered about the swelling downs and high-banked
lanes. At the entrance to the graveyard is the lich-gate and mortuary,
where many wrecked seamen were taken for burial. Such burials recall
the unforgettable incident that occurred during the conveyance of one
poor mangled body from the shore. "It was dark, and the party of
bearers, with the Vicar at their head, were making their way slowly up
the cliff by the light of torches and lanterns, when suddenly there
arose from the sea three hearty British cheers. A vessel had neared
the shore, and the crew, discovering by night-glasses what was taking
place, had manned their yards to greet the fulfilment of duty to a
brother mariner's remains." Morwenstow is really Morwenna-stow,
Morwenna being a grand-daughter of Brychan, and thus belonging to a
famous Welsh family of saints. The church is therefore a Celtic
foundation, not Saxon as Hawker believed; he was always a little shaky
in such details. In some maps and old local signposts the name is
still written Moorwinstow, and was anciently Morestowe. Probably the
earliest relic in the church itself is the font, which appears to
belong to the tenth century; three typical Norman pillars support the
northern arcade of the roof, and there is a very fine Norman door at
the south porch. The Vicar loved to interpret the zigzag moulding as
the "ripple of the lake of Gennesareth, the spirit breathing upon the
waters of baptism"; he was doubtless more correct in reading a
symbolic meaning into the carved vine that creeps from the chancel
down the church. On the furze and bracken-clad slope above the cliffs,
not far distant, is the hut that Hawker himself constructed, building
it of wreckage; this was the sanctuary to which he loved to retreat
for contemplation and literary work. It was here that he wrote his
Sangraal poem, and the strong picture of its close might apply to this
scene as forcibly as it does to its original.
In this parish is Tonacombe, a finely preserved specimen of the
mediaeval manor-house, its hall containing the old minstrels' gallery.
This deeply interesting house has many memories of Charles Kingsley as
well as of Hawker. Kingsley was a visitor here while writing his
_Westward Ho!_ and Tonacombe figures in that book as "Chapel." Hawker
met Kingsley at this time, and introduced him to the Grenville
localities. It is not likely that the two men got on well together;
they were complete contrasts in nature and gifts. Hawker did not care
greatly for _Westward Ho!_ when it appeared, and thought its local
colour defective. He rarely mentioned Kingsley in later life without a
note of depreciation. He was far more in sympathy, intellectually and
spiritually, with Kingsley's great antagonist, John Henry Newman. At
Tonacombe are preserved a curious old lantern and walking-stick that
formerly belonged to Hawker. The lantern "was made for Thomas Waddon
of Tonacombe, who died in 1755. His brother Edward Waddon lived at
Stanbury, and their sister Honor was the wife of the Rev. Oliver
Rouse, Vicar of Morwenstow. The three families used to meet regularly
at each other's houses for dice and cards. In the excess of their
merriment the cronies would dash their glasses on the table, and the
broken pieces were preserved as a record of the jest. In course of
time there was a goodly collection of these fragments, and in order
that their memorial should not perish the lantern was made of solid
oak, square, with a pointed roof and little windows formed of the
round bases of the broken glasses and other pieces cut in the shape of
dice, hearts, clubs, diamonds, and spades. Thereafter, when the
festive party broke up, those whose turn it was to walk homewards
through the dark lanes had their way lighted before them by this
emblem of their wit and humour." Stanbury, an old manor south of
Tonacombe, claims some notice as the birthplace of John Stanbury (or
Stanberry), confessor of Henry VI., who was appointed by that king to
be first Provost of Eton. From being a Carmelite friar at Oxford he
rose to be bishop, first of Bangor, finally of Hereford. He died in
the Carmelite convent at Ludlow, 1474, and was buried at Hereford.
Marsland-mouth, the northward boundary of Morwenstow parish, is also
the boundary between Cornwall and Devon. Its utter loneliness and
wildness are in complete contrast to the great southward boundary at
the mouth of the Three Rivers. Here at Marsland Devon and Cornwall
merge imperceptibly; the characteristics of the one are carried over
into the other; in scenery, people, dialect, no change can be noted.
This close community was emphasised, in Hawker's day, by the fact that
for the last twenty-five years of his life he held charge of Welcombe
parish as well as Morwenstow, Welcombe (most suitably named) being the
first parish in Devon. In his old age, when Dr. Temple was appointed
to the diocese of Exeter, the Vicar had some fear that he would be
deprived of this additional cure, as Temple was expected to be no
friend to Dr. Phillpotts' nominees; but, somewhat to his surprise,
Hawker found that he got on fairly well with the new Bishop, though he
detested his theological standpoints. Obviously, the name of Welcombe
might be "Well-combe," there being a holy well of St. Nectan here; but
that derivation does not seem to be correct. In the Exeter Domesday
Book the parish is given as _Walcomba_, and probably the name
signified Welsh-combe, marking the juncture when Saxonised West Devon
passed into "West Wales." The church is three miles' distance from
Morwenstow, and Hawker used to ride over every Sunday afternoon for
service. On one occasion he forgot to bring his watch, and he needed
some guide in timing his service so that he might return to officiate
at Morwenstow in the evening. He asked the folk standing about the
church porch if they could oblige him in this particular. "But time is
of no great import at Welcombe, and no watch was to be had. At last,
just as the service was beginning, an old woman hobbled up the aisle
and handed to the Vicar a large and ancient timepiece. 'Her's only got
one hand, your honour,' she said, 'but yu must just gi' a guess.'"
Perhaps the name Welsh-combe (Welsh being taken in the old sense of
"foreign") denoted some survival of earlier occupation here, some
lingering neolithic remnant; the Welcombe folk are still distinguished
by their dark hair and skins, and as being somewhat of a race apart.
In Hawker's day they were very ignorant and superstitious, though
sufficiently devout. They had "no farrier for their cattle, no medical
man for themselves, no beer-house, no shop; a man who travels for a
distant town (Stratton) supplies them with sugar by the ounce, or tea
in smaller quantities still. Not a newspaper is taken in throughout
the hamlet, although they are occasionally astonished and delighted by
the arrival, from some almost forgotten friend in Canada, of an
ancient copy of the _Toronto Gazette_. This publication they pore over
to weariness, and on Sunday they will worry the clergyman with
questions about Transatlantic places and names, of which he is obliged
to confess himself utterly ignorant. An ancient dame once exhibited
her prayer-book, very nearly worn out, printed in the reign of George
II., and very much thumbed at the page from which she assiduously
prayed for the welfare of Prince Frederick." He himself used to act
as their postman. Perhaps it is misleading to say that Welcombe is
only three miles from Morwenstow; visitors who try to find their way
through the rambling narrow lanes will find it much nearer to five or
six. But the loveliness of Marsland vale is a recompense, and a
charming introduction to the beauties of North Devon.
On the Cornish side of Marsland-mouth is a secluded old farmhouse,
which Hawker solemnly averred was haunted. It was once truly haunted
by smugglers. Mr. Baring-Gould introduces it into his novel, _The
Gaverocks_. Hawker once said to a visitor, "You must go and look at
the old house there--there is a very curious old lady there you may
see--come into my study and I will show you her picture--she died, at
least her body did, some sixty years ago. I frequently see her and
talk with her." This spot must not be quitted without recalling that
Marsland-mouth is the home of Lucy Passmore, the white witch in
_Westward Ho!_ It was hither that Rose Salterne came to perform the
love-charm that should reveal her lover. It can hardly be said that
such superstitions have yet died out of the West Country, but it is
the older people now that cherish these ideas, secretly and furtively.
The youngsters are being taught differently in the Council Schools.
There are some fine headlands in this part of the coast, such as the
two Sharpnose Points, but the finest of all is Hennacliff, which rises
to about 450 feet, and drops sheer into the Atlantic waves. Even where
there is a beach beneath these rugged cliffs, it is usually difficult
to reach; in many parts the breakers dash full against the granite
precipices, and there are often outlying reefs of cruel jagged crag.
Noting the deadly features of the coast, we can understand how even
Bude attained its name of Haven, however bitterly ironic that name may
often have sounded. But it is a grand coast and mainland confronting
the wild, unresting sea, and the traditional atmosphere of the
district is wholly in keeping with its physical features. Rumours of
bygone peoples float around us--of Saxon and Celt and of earlier
people still; the legends that they fostered are repeated to us, the
footsteps of old saints may be traced, together with secular records
of pirate and smuggler. There are memories of glorious and gracious
personages, as well as of those whose villainy at least was
picturesque; there are sad memorials of shipwreck, death, and
heartbreak. There are stretches of undulating upland, with fragrant
turf, gorse, bracken; valleys almost too low for sunlight to enter,
the wild and tortuous mouths of rapid streams, patches of meadow and
pasture, with lonely cottages and isolated church-towns. Different
from the southern coast in aspect, more desolate, less fertile, there
is yet a special charm even in the desolation, a stimulating appeal in
the solitude, and a marvellous purity in the bracing winds that blow,
sometimes with ruthless violence, from a thousand leagues of ocean.
INDEX
Acland, Sir T., 358
Addison, 109
Agnes, St., 356, 360
Aitken, Rev. R., 223
Anthony-in-Meneage, 110-11
Anthony-in-Roseland, 79
Antony, East, 27
Armada, Spanish, 20, 25-7
_Armorel of Lyonesse_, 198, 208
Arthur, King, 335-46
Arundel _family_, 292-9
Arundel, John, 86-7, 270, 362
Arwenack, 86, 88
Athelstan, 184-5, 197
Atwell, Martin, 69
Austell, St., 66
Baring-Gould, Rev. S., 36, 51, 326, 365, 379
Bassets, 254-6
Bedruthan Steps, 293-4
_Bencoolen_, Wreck of the, 355
Benson, Dr., 103, 210
Besant, Sir W., 198
Bessie's Cove, 159
Beville, Sir J., 40
Bligh, Capt., 110
Bochym, 138
Bodinnick, 51
Bodmin, 319
Bodmin Moors, 301
Bodrigan, 73
Boleigh, 184
Bolster, 260-1
Bonaparte, Lucien, 180
Borlase, Dr., 115, 223, 242
Borrow, George, 180
Boscastle, 347-51
Bossiney, 346
Braddon, W., 352-3
Breage, St., 151, 188
Breock, St., 325-6
Brett, J., 178
Brutus, 17
Bude, 354-8
Burney, Fanny, 22
Buryan, St., 185-6, 197, 265
Byron, 81
Cadgwith, 118
Calais, Siege of, 60
Cambeak, 352
Camelford, 339
Cape Cornwall, 221
Carclaze Mine, 67
Cardinham, 339
Carew, 28, 73, 257, 357
Carhays, St. Michael, 76
Carminow, 143
Carnanton, 299
Carn Beacon, 78
Carn Brea, 256
Carn Galva, 225
Carn Kenidzhek, 222
Carter, "King of Prussia," 158
Cataclew Stone, 306
Cawsand, 24, 38
Celts, 17, 58, 147, 273
Chapel Carn Brea, 221
Charlestown, 65, 67
China-clay, 64, 66-7
Choughs, 352
Chun Castle, 224
Chysauster, 170
Cinque Ports, 60
Clarendon, 76, 87
Coleridge, Derwent, 147
Collins, Rev. J., 95
Columb Major and Minor, St., 288, 290
Constantine, St., 305-6
Cook, Capt., 92
Coppinger, Cruel, 329, 365-6
Corineus, 17-18
Cornish character, 147, 252
Cornish language, 96, 124-5, 180, 236
Cornwall, Formation and appearance, 14-15
Cotehele, 24
Couch, Jonathan, 44, 46
Couch, Sir A. T. Quiller, 60
Coverack, 117
Crackington Cove, 352
Crantock, 277-82
Crantock Church, 280-1
Crowza Downs, 116
Cubert, 274, 276
Cuby, St., 274
Cury, St., 138-9
Damelioc, 336
Davy, Sir Humphry, 173
Defoe, 82, 108, 170
Dingerrein, 77
Disraeli, B., 82
Dodman, 75
Dollar Hugo, 122
Doom Bar, 310-19
Dosmare Pool, 77, 146, 315
Downderry, 27, 40
Drake, 19, 26
Drayton, 17
Dryden, 89
Dunstanville, de, 256, 259
Dutch, 63
Edgcumbe, 20, 24, 73, 75
Edward IV., 62
Egloshayle, 325
Enodoc's, St., 326-9, 365
Eval, St., 301
Evelyn, 152
Ewe, St., 69
Exmouth, Lord, 173
Fal, River, 100
Falmouth, 81-96
Finbar, St., 59
Fishery, 35, 71-2
Flavel, 133
Flushing, 98
_Fogous_, 122, 184, 302
Forbes, Stanhope, 177
Forrabury, 347
Fowey, 55-65
Fyn and Joan, 38
Gannel, 277, 285
Garrick, 22
Genny's, St., 352
George's, St. (Looe Isle), 37
Geraint, 77-9
Germoe, 153-4
Gerrans Bay, 77
Gilbert, 74
Gildas, 305
Glassiney College, 96
Glastonbury, 339
Godolphin _family_, 151-3, 198
Godolphin Hill, 153
Godrevy Rock and Lighthouse, 253
Goethe, 135
Gogmagog, 17-8
Goonhilly Downs, 115, 142
Gorlois, 336
Gorran Haven, 74-5
Gotham, Men of, 75
Grade, 121
Grenville _family_, 40, 51, 199, 359, 364
Grenville, Sir Bevil, 40, 76, 359-62, 364
Grenville, Grace, 359-62
Gulf Stream, 207
Gulval, 175
Gunwalloe, 141
Gurnard's Head, 225
Gweek, 107, 108
Gwythian, St., 251
Gyllyngvase, 86
Hall House, 50
Hals, 61, 246, 275
Halsetown, 246
Halzaphron, 143
Harlyn Bay, 306
Hawker, Rev. R. S., 41, 345-7, 348, 355-7, 362, 369-78
Hayle, 251
Helford, 106-7, 306
Heligan, 68-9
Helston, 144-6, 316
Hennacliff, 379
Henry VII., 25
Henry VIII., 99
Hereward the Wake, 107
Hervey, Rev. J., 364-5
Hilary, 163
Hind, C. L., 320
_Holy Grail, High History of the_, 342
Holywell Bay, 274-5
Housel Bay, 126
Hudson, W. H., 148, 178, 215
Hurling, Game of, 289-90
Ia, St., 232
_Ictis_, 160
Illogan, 257, 259
Irving, Sir Henry, 246-8
Ives, St., 231-46, 254, 256
Ives, St., Borough Accounts, 237-42
Jews in Cornwall, 160
Johns, Rev. C. A., 122, 145, 147
Johnson, Dr., 22
Juliet, St., 342
Just, St., 116
Just-in-Penwith, St., 221
Kaiser, the, 21
Kelly Rounds, 336
Kennack Sands, 118
Kenwyn, 104
Keverne, St., 115-17
Kilkhampton, 359, 364
Killigarth, 40
Killigrews, 85-6, 88-90, 95, 97
King Harry's Ferry, 101
Kingsand, 24
Kingsley, Rev. C., 70, 107, 147, 375-6
Knighton's Kieve, 347
Knill Monument, 248-9
Kynance, 128
Lamorna, 183
Landewednack, 123-4
Land's End, 211-17
Langarrow, 276-9
Lanherne, Vale and Nunnery of, 249-6
Lansallos, 46
Lanshadron, 69
Lanteglos-by-Fowey, 48-50
Lanyon Quoit, 224
Leland, 45, 142, 341, 348
Lelant, 235, 249-50
Levan, St., 188-9
Levant, 222
Lizard, 123
Lizard Lighthouse, 127
Lizard Town, 126
Loe Pool, 144-6
Logan Stone, 186-7
Longships, 217
Looe, 29-40
Looe Island, 37
Lostwithiel, 63
Lovibond, T., 325
Lyonesse, 14-5, 194-6, 279
Macdonald, George, 359
Madron, St., 168, 176, 351
Mail Packets (Falmouth), 90-5
Maker, 24
Manaccan, 110
Manacles, 111-12
Marazion, 159
Marconi Station, 136-8
Market-Jew, 160
Marsland-mouth, 377-9
Martin, St., 35-6
Mary's, St. (Scilly), 193
Mawes, St., 81, 99
Mawgan-in-Meneage, 107
Mawgan-in-Pydar, 299
Mawgan Porth, 293
Mawnan, 106
_Men Scryfa_, 224
_Men-an-tol_, 224
Menabilly, 64
Menagew, 67
Meneage, 107
Merlin, 195, 218
Merry Maidens, 185
Merryn, St., 305-6
Mevagissey, 69-73
Michael, St., 25, 160, 358
Michael's Mount, St., 159-66
Milliton, 154
Milton, 17
Minster, 351
Mohuns, 50
Mordred, 195, 340
Morvah, 223
Morwenstow, 369, 374-5
Mount's Bay, 150
Mount Edgcumbe, 20-4
Mousehole, 179-83
Mullion, 131-2
Mylor, 98-9
Napoleon III., 21
Nare Head, 77
Nash, 76
Nectan, St., 347, 377
Neolithic cemetery, 306-10
Newlyn, 176-8
Newquay, 287
Norway, A. H., 43, 90, 173, 326, 329
Noye, W., 299
Olaf, King, 197
Opie, 262-3
Ordulf, 121
Padstow, 301, 319-22
Par, 64
Paul, 179
Payne, Anthony, 359
Pellew (Lord Exmouth), 173
Pendeen, 222-3
Pendennis, 81, 86-8
Pengersick, 154
Penny-come-quick, 85
Penpoll Creek (Newquay), 285
Penryn, 85, 96-8
Pentewan, 67
Pentire Glaze, 329
Pentreath, Dolly, 179-80
Penwarne, 73
Penzance, 167-74
Perranporth, 264
Perranuthnoe, 159
Perranzabuloe, 266
Petherick, Little, 319
Petrock, St., 305, 316, 319
Phillack, 250
Pigeon Hugo, 131
Pilchards, 35, 71-2, 118, 244, 287, 333
Pipers, the, 185
Piran, St., 115, 159, 264-70
Place House, 59, 79, 321
_Plan-an-guare_, 221, 257, 270
Plymouth, 15-20
Poldhu, 136-8
Pole-Carew, 27
Polkinghorne, 250
Polperro, 42-7
Polruan, 48-9
Poltesco, 118
Polwhele, 110
Polzeath, 329
Port Isaac, 333-4
Porthcothan, 301-2
Porthcurnow, 187
Porthglaze, 226
Porthgwarra, 189
Porthleven, 150
Porthoustock, 111, 113
Porthpean, 67
Portloe, 77
Portholland, 77
Portmellin, 73
Portreath, 259
Portscatho, 79
Poughill, 363
Praa Sands, 157
Prideaux, Dean, 321-2
Prideaux Place, 321
Prussia Cove, 157
Prussia, King of, 158
Rame Head, 25, 75
Rashleigh, 64
Reynolds, Sir J., 21
Roads, 16
Rocky Valley, 346
Romanism in England, 273
Romans, 16, 104
Roseland, 77
Rosemullion, 106
Ruan or Rumon, St., 121
Ruan Lanihorne, 121
Samson, St., 198
Sandplace, 40
Scilly cable, 206
Scilly flowers, 203-5
Scilly Islands, 190
Scilly, Origin of name, 196-7
Scilly, St. Mary's, 193, 207
Scilly seabirds, 209
Scilly, Tresco, 197-8, 200, 208
Seagulls, 53, 244
Sennen, 217-18
Serpentine, 122
Shuttleworth, Professor, 326
Sidonia, Medina, 20, 26
Slanning, 76
Smith, Augustus, 200
Southey, 166
Stamford Hill, Battle of, 255, 360
Stanbury, 376
Storm of 1703, 108-9
Stowe, 359
Stratton, 359
Submarine platform, 13
Swinburne, 347
Talland, 32
Tavistock, 121
Tehidy, 254-6
Teilo, St., 78
Tennyson, 101-2, 145, 212, 341, 354, 372-4
Tewdrig, 235, 249
Thackeray, 50
Tin, 16
Tintagel, 335-46
Tonacombe, 375-6
Tonkin, 263
Towednack, 230, 235
Trackways, 16
Trebarwith, 324
Treffry, 59, 62
Tregeagle, 313-19
Tregonning, 153
Trelawne, 41
Trelawney, 41-2
Trenwith, 236
Trerice, 296
Treryn Dinas (logan stone), 186-7
Treryn Dinas (Gurnard's Head), 225
Tresco Abbey, 197-8, 200
Trevanion, 76
Trevemper, 285
Trevena (Tintagel), 342, 346
Trevithick, 257-9
Trevose, 310
Trewoofe (or Troove), 184
Truro, 100-4
Tywardreath, 65
Uny, St., 151
Uther, 336
Valency, River, 348
Vandevelde, 21
Veryan, 77
Victoria, Queen, 101
Wadebridge, 325
Warbeck, Perkin, 236
Watergate, 40
Welcombe, 377-8
Wesley, 148, 242, 261
Western Rebellion, 236
Whitaker, 110
Whitesand Bay, 25, 27, 38, 221
Widemouth Bay, 353
Winoc, St., 123, 230
Winwaloe, 123-4, 139
Wolcot, Dr., 262
Wolf Lighthouse, 217
Wyllow, St., 48
Zennor, 226-9
Zose Point, 79
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE.
Spelling variants occurring in names have been preserved.