worthless varieties.
=Morrell Seedling.= Raised by a Mr. Morrell of Germantown, New York;
noted in _Gardener's Monthly_ for 1871. A medium-sized blue grape with a
sharp and pleasant flavor. Said to be a "better grape than Hartford
Prolific or Concord, but not equal to them in earliness."
=Morse.= Noted by Prince in 1863 in a list of worthless varieties.
=Mottled.= (Lab. Vin.) _Carpenter's Seedling._ An offspring of Catawba
grown by Chas. Carpenter, Kelleys Island, Ohio, about 1860. Vigorous,
hardy and prolific; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berries medium,
round, like Catawba in color and mottled with darker shades; skin thick;
pulp tender, sweet, juicy, brisk and sprightly, rather pulpy and acid at
center.
=Mountain.= One of a list of worthless varieties mentioned by Prince in
_Gardener's Monthly_, 1863.
=Mount Lebanon.= (Lab. Vin.) From George Curtis of the United Society of
Shakers, Mount Lebanon, Columbia County, New York; supposed to be a
cross of Spanish Amber and Isabella. Bunch medium; berry round, reddish;
flesh pulpy, tough, sweet.
=Mrs. McLure.= (Rip. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) _McLure._ One of Dr. Wylie's
hybrids from a cross between Clinton and Peter Wylie; noted by the
American Pomological Society in 1875. Vigorous, productive; foliage
resembles Clinton; stamens upright; bunch medium, shouldered, not very
compact; berries medium, round, white; good; ripens before Catawba.
=Mrs. Munson.= (Linc. Bourq.) From Munson; a cross between Neosho and
Herbemont. Vigorous, hardy, very productive; clusters large, conical,
shouldered, compact; berry small, purple with a thin, tough skin; pulp
melting, juicy, sprightly; very good; ripens late.
=Mrs. Stayman.= (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) A Delaware seedling; from Dr. J.
Stayman. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and
mildew; bunch large, compact; berry above medium, red with light bloom;
skin thick, tough; pulp tender, juicy, sprightly, rich, sweet; very
good; ripens about with Concord.
=Muench.= (Linc. Bourq.) Parentage, Neosho crossed with Herbemont; from
Munson, in 1887. Very vigorous, hardy; cluster large, usually
shouldered; berry below medium, round; skin thin, tough, dark purple;
flesh tender, juicy.
=Multiple.= (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) _Munson's No. 107._ A seedling of
Herbemont pollinated by Triumph; produced by Munson. Vigorous,
self-fertile; cluster large; berries medium, purple; ripens very late.
=Muncie.= (Rip. Lab.) Said to be a seedling of Elvira; from Leavenworth,
Kansas. Described by Stayman in _Missouri Horticultural Society Report_,
1892, as follows: "Bunch medium, compact, handsome; berry medium, white;
skin thin, rather tough; pulp tender, juicy, sprightly, rich, sweet,
very good; vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and
mildew; ripe about with Concord."
=Muncy Black.= (Lab.) Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as having been found
on the same farm as the Pale Red Muncy. Very productive, with harsh and
unpleasant fruit.
=Munier.= Noted in _Gardener's Monthly_, 1863, as coming from a German
near Massillon, Ohio. Early, of excellent quality as a table grape,
productive and as hardy as the Isabella or Concord.
=Munson.= (Linc. Rup.) _Jaeger No. 70._ A seedling of _Jaeger No. 43_
crossed with a male Rupestris. Very vigorous, productive; clusters
medium, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, black; slight
Post-oak flavor; ripens before Norton.
=Murdock.= A grape grown by Judge Murdock at Elkader, Clayton County,
Iowa. Hardy and free from mildew; very sweet.
=Muscadine Superior.= A seedling exhibited by John Hopkins, of
Wilmington, North Carolina, before the American Pomological Society in
1871.
=Muscat.= The name of a group of Vinifera grapes the best known variety
of which is Muscat of Alexandria.
=Muscat Catawba.= Listed by Prince in 1863 as a worthless sort.
=Mylitta.= (Lin. Rup. Lab.) From Munson; a cross between America and
Beacon. Cluster large; berry large, black; ripens late; self-fertile.
=Nahab.= (Lab.) Described in _Alabama Station Bulletin No. 87_ for 1900
as follows: "Vines lacking in vigor; clusters medium in size, compact;
berries medium, round, white; skin thin; pulp tender, juicy, slightly
acid; season middle of August; not productive."
=Nashua.= Mentioned by Prince in 1830 as originating in Maine.
=Nashua.= A variety under this name was exhibited at the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society meeting in 1869 by Allen Putnam. Described as
"between the Hartford and Concord, but sweeter than either and does not
drop."
=Naumkeag.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Isabella raised by a Mr. Bowker of
Salem, Massachusetts, which fruited in 1848. Bunches resemble the
parent; berries above medium, round, red with slight bloom; pulpy, with
Isabella flavor; a little earlier than its parent.
=Nazro.= (Lab. Vin.) Prince, in 1830, states that this variety was
originated from seed of the Troy grape planted in 1825 by Henry Nazro of
this state; fruited in 1828. Berries medium in size, oval; sweet, of
pleasant flavor, slightly foxy; ripens early.
=Nebraska.= Noted by Fuller in 1867 as "a beautiful ornamental vine, but
the fruit of no value."
=Neff.= (Lab.) _Keuka._ From a Mr. Neff, near Keuka, New York. Bunch and
berry medium, dark red; foxy; good; early.
=Nell.= (Bourq. Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Herbemont crossed with Norton;
from Munson. A very late, large-clustered, small-berried, white grape;
self-fertile.
=Nelson.= A chance seedling from Roger Nelson, Ilion, New York, about
1896; undescribed.
=Neosho.= (Linc.) Found growing wild on the farm of E. Schoenborn,
Neosho, Missouri, by H. Jaeger. Very vigorous, hardy, not productive;
large, glossy, beautiful dark green foliage; stamens reflexed; bunches
medium to large, long, shouldered; berries small, black with blue bloom;
skin thin; pulp firm, sweet, spicy; produces a light wine with a
peculiar aroma.
=Neponset.= Noted as a worthless sort by Prince in 1863.
=Nerluton.= One of Marine's seedlings. Vigorous; leaf large, leathery;
cluster large; berries medium, black.
=Neva Munson.= (Linc. Bourq.) _Neva._ One of Munson's crosses between
Neosho and Herbemont; originated about 1885. Very vigorous, hardy and
productive; stamens upright; clusters large, cylindrical, shouldered,
compact; berries small, purple with thin, tough skin; pulp tender,
juicy, sprightly, sweet flavor; too late for the North.
=Neverfail.= Mitzky in 1893 says: "This variety was found in Roanoke
County, Virginia. Feeble at first but grows rapidly when older; free
from rot; bunch and berry medium, black, juicy and vinous; too late for
the North."
=Newark.= (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A hybrid between Clinton and a Vinifera; from
Newark, New Jersey. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; bunches long,
loose, shouldered; berries medium, dark, almost black; sweet, juicy and
vinous, of pleasant taste.
=New Buda.= (Lab.) Tested by the United States Department of Agriculture
in 1863 and thought to be Concord.
=Newburgh.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord crossed with Trentham
Black; from Ricketts. Mitzky in 1893 says: "Bunch and berry of the
largest size, bunch heavily shouldered; berries large, black, with
bluish-gray bloom; flesh tender, juicy with peculiar flavor; very
vigorous, a fine amateur grape."
=Newburgh Muscat.= (Lab. Vin.) _Culberts No. 3; White Moline; White
Muscat of Newburgh._ From Dr. W. A. M. Culbert of Newburgh, New York, in
1877; a seedling of Hartford crossed with Iona; exhibited before the
American Pomological Society in 1877. Vigorous and hardy, unproductive;
flowers sterile; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, short, often
single-shouldered, loose; berries medium, roundish, pale
yellowish-green, gray bloom, shatter badly; skin thick, tender; flesh
soft and tender, musky, sweet, mild; good.
=New Haven.= (Lab.) _New Haven Red._ A seedling of Concord; from J.
Valle of New Haven, Missouri. Vigorous, thrifty, hardy, productive;
stamens upright; bunches medium, variable in compactness, sometimes
shouldered; berries large, black with blue bloom; skin thin and tender;
pulp tender, juicy, good; ripens about a week before Concord.
=Newman.= (Linc. Vin. Lab.) A cross between Big Berry and Triumph; from
Munson, introduced in 1894. Vigorous, hardy, productive; stamens erect;
bunches large, loose; berry large, black, with thin tough skin; pulp
tender, juicy, nearly sweet; good; late.
=New Mary.= (Lab. Vin.) Mitzky, 1893, says this is "Lindley under a new
name."
=Newport.= (Bourq.) A seedling of Herbemont; resembles its parent.
=Newton.= A large, showy grape bought from an agent by Stephen H.
Shallcross, Louisville, Kentucky, and exhibited at the Mississippi
Valley Horticultural Society meeting at St. Louis in 1881.
=Newtonia.= (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of America pollinated by
R. W. Munson; from Munson, in 1897. Cluster large; berry medium, black;
self-fertile; ripens early.
=Nimalba.= (Linc. Bourq.) From Texas. Tested by Georgia Experiment
Station and described as follows: Very weak, light yielder; stamens
upright; bunch small, compact; berry small, white; good; ripens with
Catawba.
=Nina.= (Lab. Vin.) Mitzky, 1893, says this is "a seedling of Diana,
raised by C. H. Woodruff, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Vine very hardy and
productive; bunch medium to large; berries medium, dark red, very sweet
and good quality; ripens early with Champion and Moore Early, in quality
better than either."
=Ninekah.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with
Brilliant; from Munson, in 1899. Cluster medium; berry large, red;
self-fertile; ripens mid-season.
=Nizola.= Noted by Cole in 1849. From Col. L. Chase, Cornish, New
Hampshire; medium bunch and berry; vinous and excellent.
=Nonantum.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling raised by Francis Dana near Boston,
Massachusetts; exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
in 1864. Vigorous; bunch small, shouldered; berries medium, oval,
entirely free from pulp; good; in appearance very much like Isabella and
probably a seedling of that variety.
=Nonpareil.= (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed
with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1896. Cluster medium; berry large, red;
self-fertile; ripens early.
=Nora.= (Bicolor, Vin.?) Received for testing at this Station in 1902
from Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, Ohio. Lacks vigor; tendrils
intermittent; buds apparently tender. Has not fruited.
=North America.= (Lab. Rip.?) Noted frequently since 1860; said to be a
seedling of Franklin. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, unproductive; bunch
small, shouldered; berries round, black; juicy, sweet, foxy; early.
=North Carolina.= (Lab. Vin.) _North Carolina Seedling._ From J. B.
Garber, Columbia, Pennsylvania. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy, very
productive; stamens erect; bunches medium to large, generally
shouldered, compact; berries large, oblong, black with slight blue
bloom; skin very thick; pulpy, sweet; good; ripens a few days after
Hartford.
=North Carolina White.= Noted by Prince in 1830. From North Carolina and
different from Scuppernong; white berries of good flavor.
=Northern Light.= (Lab.) A chance seedling from John D. Cameron,
L'Original, Ontario, about 1880. Vigorous, hardy, productive; leaf
thick, leathery; bunch long, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered;
berries large, round, greenish-white with thin whitish bloom; pulp
juicy, melting, sweet, vinous; good; ripens a little later than
Champion.
=Northern Muscat.= Mentioned in _Rhode Island Station Bulletin No. 6_,
1890, as being a new variety received from Ohio for testing; bunch
medium or above; berry medium, amber color; good.
=North Star.= Noted in the _Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report_,
1886, as a seedling from Waupaca County, Wisconsin. A black grape with
long clusters; poor quality.
=Obed.= Noted by Mitzky, 1893, as "a chance seedling grown by Obed
Harrell, Chrisman, Illinois. Cluster medium to large, moderately
compact; berry medium, round, whitish-green with delicate bloom;
vigorous and productive."
=Oberon.= (Vin. Lab.) From G. W. Campbell about 1880; a cross between
Concord and Muscat Hamburg. Moderately vigorous, productive, not hardy;
bunch large; berry large, black, resembles Muscat Hamburg; good.
=Occidental.= (Lab. Vin.) Produced by N. B. White from a cross between a
wild Labrusca and Black Hamburg. Clusters compact with dark red berries.
=Octavia.= (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed
with Brilliant; from Munson, in 1896. Cluster large; berry large, red;
self-sterile; ripens mid-season.
=Offer.= (Lab.) Warder in 1867, says of this variety: "Bunch large;
berry large, dark red, sweet, musky; not approved."
=Ohio Claret.= A native variety under test by the United States
Department of Agriculture in 1863.
=Oktaha.= (Champ. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) A seedling of _Vitis champini_
pollinated with Brilliant or Delaware; from Munson and introduced in
1898. Moderately vigorous, healthy, productive; cluster medium,
cylindrical, shouldered, compact; berries medium, round, black with
little bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp melting, juicy, sprightly, good;
early.
=Old Ford.= (Lab.) Noted by Mitzky in 1893 as a wild grape from the
mountains of North Carolina. Remarkably healthy and vigorous,
productive; bunches medium; berries large, round, dark wine color;
pulpy, juicy, sweet; very early.
=Old Gold.= (Rip. Lab. Vin.) _Munson's No. 29._ Elvira crossed with
Brighton; from Munson. Tested by Virginia Experiment Station and
discarded; not introduced by the originator.
=Old Hundred.= (Cin. Aest.?) Mitzky, in 1893, says of this variety:
"Introduced by J. A. Francis, Salem, Virginia. Bunch medium, not very
compact; about the size of Clinton; black; very prolific; good table and
wine grape; contains Cinerea blood in large quantity with probably
Aestivalis."
=Olita.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delaware fertilized by Irving;
from Munson in 1898. Moderately vigorous, not hardy, moderately
productive, somewhat subject to attacks of mildew; flowers semi-fertile;
stamens upright; clusters variable in size, long, nearly cylindrical,
single-shouldered, variable in compactness; berries medium, round,
yellowish-green, often with slight amber tinge, gray bloom; skin thin;
somewhat tough; flesh tender and melting; mild, slightly vinous, nearly
sweet; fair; ripens about with Concord; of the Delaware type but
inferior to that variety in both fruit and vine characters.
=Olitatoo.= (Vin. Lab. Linc.) A seedling of Armlong crossed with
Excelsior; from Munson in 1896. Cluster very large; berry medium, white;
self-fertile; ripens very late.
=Olmstead.= (Lab.) A fox grape mentioned by Nicholas Longworth in
Buchanan's _Culture of the Grape_, 1852.
=Olympia.= From William M. Marine about 1870. Bunch and berry medium,
round, black.
=Omega.= (Lab. Vin.?) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Moderately
vigorous, hardy, healthy, not productive; clusters medium to small,
short, usually shouldered, compact; berries medium, oblate to roundish,
dull red with thin gray bloom, persistent, soft; flesh green, tender,
juicy, sweet, sprightly; good; ripens about with Concord; self-sterile.
=Omega.= Noted in the _Record of Horticulture_, 1868, as "a new variety
from the West, resembling Catawba but said to be better." Possibly the
same as the preceding.
=Onderdonk.= (Bourq. Lab.? Vin.?) Said to be a pure seedling of
Herbemont but also given as Herbemont crossed with Irving; from Munson,
about 1890. Very vigorous, hardy, very productive; affected some with
soft rot; stamens upright; clusters large, conical, compact; berries
small, white, translucent, with scattering dots; skin thin, tough; pulp
juicy, sweet, sprightly; very good; makes excellent white wine.
=Oneovem.= (Rip. Bourq. Lab.) A seedling from Munson in 1897; from One
Seed fertilized by Rommel. Cluster medium; berry large, white; stamens
reflexed; ripens late.
=One Seed.= (Rip. Bourq. Lab.) A variety produced by Munson from Elvira
crossed with Humboldt; used by him as a parent in some of his breeding
work.
=Onondaga.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of a cross between Diana and
Delaware; from Lewis Hueber, Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York;
exhibited at the American Institute Fair in 1865. Hardy, vigorous and
prolific; bunches large, compact; berries medium, amber color with thick
skin; pulp sweet, rich, fine flavored; ripens with Delaware.
=Ontario.= (Lab.) A very large black grape, probably identical with
Union Village.
=Onyx.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delago crossed with Golden Gem;
from Munson in 1899. Cluster medium; berry medium, dark red; stamens
erect; ripens early.
=Opal.= (Lab. Vin.) A white seedling of Lindley crossed with Martha;
from Munson, introduced about 1892. Lacks vigor; hardy, not productive
at this Station; self-fertile; bunch medium to large, shouldered,
compact; berries medium, nearly round, yellowish-white with thin white
bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tough, not readily releasing seed, juicy,
sweet, sprightly, vinous with little or no foxy flavor; good; ripens
with Niagara.
=Oriole.= (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Devereaux;
from Munson. Vigorous and productive; stamens erect; bunch medium to
large, cylindrical, shouldered, moderately compact; berries small,
black, with thin, tough skin; pulp tender, sweet; best quality; very
late.
=Orphan Boy.= (Vin. Lab. Bourq.) Noted by Mitzky, 1893, as from J. H.
Dawson, Weatherford, Texas, and as a cross between Delaware and Wilder.
Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large, black with fine bloom; quality
much like Delaware; ripens a little after Delaware.
=Orwigsburg.= (Lab. Vin.) _Black Palestine; Schuylkill._ Found growing
near Orwigsburg, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, by Dr. W. E. Hulings
of Philadelphia. Generally supposed to be a hybrid between a Vinifera
and some native species, probably Labrusca; said to be productive,
hardy, subject to mildew; berries round, small, white; juicy, sweet;
good.
=Osage.= (Lab. Vin.) A black seedling of Concord; from John Burr, of
Kansas. Vigorous, usually hardy and healthy, medium to very productive;
flowers sterile; stamens reflexed; tendrils continuous; clusters
variable in size, usually short, shouldered, compact; berries large,
distinctly flattened to sometimes roundish; dull black with blue bloom,
shatter badly, not firm; flesh tough, foxy, sweet, good; of Concord type
but less foxy; a week earlier than its parent.
=Osceola.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Standard; from Dr. J.
Stayman. Vigorous, very hardy, healthy and productive; stamens upright;
bunch medium to large, compact; berry large, white; skin thin, tough;
pulp tender, sweet, rich, sprightly, vinous; very good; ripens with
Jewel.
=Osee.= (Rip. Lab.) A white Riparia from John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas;
said to be a seedling of Grein Golden. Variable in vigor, very
productive, hardy; bunch medium, short and thick, compact; berry white,
very large; tender, very juicy, sprightly, sweet with a peculiar flavor;
good only for wine; ripens before Concord.
=Oskaloosa.= (Bourq. Lab.) A Delaware seedling; from Dr. J. Stayman.
Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; bunch medium, compact; berry
large, black with bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp tender, rich, sweet,
sprightly, juicy, vinous; very good; very late.
=Osmond.= (Rip.) Noted by Downing, 1869, as a seedling of Franklin from
O. T. Hobbs, Randolph, Pennsylvania. Bunch small; berry small, round,
black, blue bloom; flesh vinous, harsh.
=Oswego.= (Lab.) Noted in _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894; origin unknown,
from Dr. J. Stayman of Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy and
productive; bunch and berry very large, handsome, resembling Concord in
color; little pulp and with native aroma; ripens with Concord.
=Otoe.= Mentioned in the _United States Department of Agriculture
Report_, 1863, as one of the varieties under trial in the government
experimental garden.
=Ouachita.= (Aest.) A wild grape found on the plantation of Dr. G. W.
Lawrence near Midland on the Ouachita River, Hot Springs County,
Arkansas. Hardy and productive with long, compact bunches; one time
popular in France for wine-making.
=Owego.= From John Burr. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive;
bunches medium, compact; berry very large, red; tender, juicy, sprightly
and vinous; best quality.
=Owens White.= (Lab.) Noted by Prince in 1830 as from Wm. Owens of
Virginia. A large-fruited, white Labrusca.
=Owosso.= (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling from C. H. Goodhue, Owosso,
Michigan; supposed to be from Catawba. Very vigorous, hardy, productive;
self-sterile; bunches medium to large, round, shouldered, compact;
berries large, round, dark amber with slight lilac bloom; pulp tough,
sweet, vinous; quality not high; ripens with Delaware.
=Ozark Seedling.= Among the worthless sorts listed by Prince in
_Gardener's Monthly, 1863_.
=Pagan.= Noted by Mitzky, in 1893, as on trial.
=Palermo.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with
Brilliant; from Munson, fruited in 1899. Intermediate in vigor, hardy,
not a heavy bearer; tendrils usually intermittent; foliage medium to
large, light green, pubescent; flowers semi-fertile; stamens upright;
clusters medium to below in size and length, often single-shouldered,
compact; berries average size, roundish, yellowish-green with tinge of
amber, covered with thin gray bloom, adherent, firm; skin thick, tough;
flesh green with tinge of yellow, tender and nearly melting, vinous,
sweet from skin to center, agreeable flavor; very good.
=Palmer.= (Lab.) From a Mrs. Millington, of New York, about 1890.
Vigorous, hardy; cluster large; berry large, round, black; pulp soft,
sweet; very good.
=Palmetto.= (Bourq.) From David Johnson, Union, South Carolina.
Resembles Herbemont very closely in form, size of cluster and berry but
is distinct. Berry dark red, heavy light blue bloom; flesh soft, juicy,
sweet, aromatic, vinous.
=Pamlico.= (Rot.) Noted in the _United States Department of Agriculture
Report_ in 1871 as a Rotundifolia with must having a saccharine strength
of 80°.
=Paradox.= (Lab. Vin.) _Seedling No. 502._ A seedling of Hartford
crossed with Iona; from Ricketts. Vine variable in vigor, not always
hardy, an uncertain bearer; tendrils continuous; foliage healthy, large
to medium; flowers semi-fertile, bloom medium late; stamens upright;
fruit ripens about with Concord or earlier, does not keep well; clusters
large, of medium length, broad, compact; berries medium, roundish,
purplish-black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom, drop considerably
from pedicel, firm; skin thin to medium, often rather tender,
astringent; flesh nearly tough, stringy, somewhat vinous; good in
quality.
=Paragon.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Telegraph crossed with Black
Hamburg; from Chas. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York, years ago. Moderate
vigor; leaves dark green, three- to five-lobed; cluster large, compact;
berries large, black; quality very good; good keeper; rots some.
=Paragon.= (Lab.) _Burr's No. 15._ From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas.
Lacks vigor; tendrils intermittent; flowers nearly fertile; stamens
upright; season between Worden and Concord; keeps well; clusters not
uniform, short, compact; berries medium, roundish, black, glossy,
covered with abundant blue bloom, persistent; skin varies in toughness,
tender, not astringent; flesh moderately tender, stringy and foxy,
nearly sweet at skin to acid at center; good, equal to Concord.
=Parker Rocky Mountain Seedling.= Noted in a list of native grapes under
test in the experimental vineyards of the Department of Agriculture in
1860.
=Pattison.= (Lab.?) Given in a list of earliest ripening varieties in
the report of the Canada Central Experimental Farms for 1905.
=Pauline.= (Bourq.) _Burgundy of Georgia; Red Lenoir._ A Southern grape
valuable only for wine; grown rather extensively fifty years ago. Not
vigorous; leaves more downy than Devereaux; cluster large, long,
tapering, shouldered, compact; berries below medium, copper color or
violet, lilac bloom; brisk, sweet, vinous.
=Paultne.= Described by Wm. Falconer, Glen Cove, New York, in _Country
Gentleman_ in 1884. Cluster medium, loose; berries greenish, unequal,
not over medium; foliage healthy.
=Pawnee.= (Aest. Lab.) From Dr. J. Stayman, Leavenworth, Kansas. Medium
in vigor, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, double-shouldered,
compact; berry above medium; skin thin, tough, black; pulp tender,
meaty, not juicy, sprightly, rich, vinous, sweet, peculiar flavor
resembling Ozark; quality medium.
=Paxton.= (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from F. F. Merceron, Catawissa,
Pennsylvania; fruited in 1863. Said to be as hardy and productive as the
Concord, which it much resembles; large bunch and berry; quality given
by originator as better than Concord.
=Pearl.= (Rip. Lab.) _Rommel's Taylor Seedling No. 10._ From Jacob
Rommel, of Morrison, Missouri. Very vigorous, hardy, variable in
productiveness; tendrils continuous, bifid to trifid; leaves large,
light green; lower surface pale green, pubescent; flowers semi-fertile,
open early; stamens upright; fruit ripens with Concord or later;
clusters intermediate in size, short, slender, usually with a small
single shoulder, compact; berries small, roundish, very light green,
often with amber or yellow tinge, covered with thin gray bloom, shatter
badly; skin variable in thickness and toughness; flesh moderately juicy,
tender and vinous, sweet from skin to center; fair in quality. The vine
is peculiar in having very hairy petioles and nearly glabrous shoots.
=Pedee.= (Rot.) Discovered on Pedee River, South Carolina, over thirty
years ago. Vigorous; stamens reflexed; cluster very small, loose,
irregular; berry very large, black; medium in quality; ripens a month
after Scuppernong.
=Peerless.= (Lab. Vin.) A hybrid between Hartford and Muscat Hamburg;
from Geo. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio. Productive; cluster long,
slightly shouldered, rather loose; berry green, large, adherent; skin
thin, tough; seeds two to four; pulp quite large, firm, separating
easily from seeds, juicy; excellent quality.
=Peggy.= (Lab.) In 1869, R. W. Gandy, Troy, Iowa, described Peggy as
hardy and healthy; berry size of Isabella and equal to Delaware in
flavor; ripens five days before Hartford. In 1876, John Balsiger, of
Highland, Madison County, Illinois, said of it: "A very foxy, small and
valueless grape."
=Pell's Illinois.= (Rip.?) Found wild in prairies of Illinois and sent
to Prince by G. T. Pell, of Illinois, about 1830.
=Peola.= (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890.
Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; free from rot and mildew; berry
medium, black, with some bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy,
sweet, sprightly, vinous; very good; ripens about with Concord.
=Perfume.= Named by a General Jones previous to 1830. The original vine
grew on a small island in the Roanoke River a few miles above the Great
Falls, in North Carolina. A. J. Davie, describing it in the _American
Farmer_ gives the color as purple; berry one-third larger than common
grape of woods, slightly elongated; fine flavor.
=Perry.= (Linc. Bourq.) Parentage, Post-oak No. 2 fertilized with
Herbemont; from Munson. Very vigorous, healthy, very productive; cluster
large, slender, compact; berry small to medium, purple; skin thin,
tough; pulp melting, juicy, good; season two weeks later than Concord.
=Peter Wylie.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) _Peter Wylie No. 1._ Parents, Halifax
crossed with a Vinifera, fertilized with Delaware crossed with a
Vinifera; from Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester, South Carolina. Vigor and
hardiness medium, inclined to rot in some places, not productive; shoots
smooth; leaves medium to small, shallow three-lobed, glabrous
underneath; stamens upright; cluster medium to large, compact, often
shouldered; berry medium, greenish to greenish-yellow; skin thin,
tender; flesh tender, sweet, vinous, Muscat flavor; quality good; ripens
soon after Concord.
=Pierce.= (Lab. Vin.) _Isabella Regia; Royal Isabella._ A bud-sport from
Isabella, originating about 1882 with Mr. J. P. Pierce, of Santa Clara,
California. Very vigorous, large leaves, prolific; cluster large;
berries very large, black, light bloom, not firm; pulp tender, sweet,
strongly aromatic; good; a valuable grape west of Rocky Mountains.
=Pioneer.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Isabella and very similar to it.
=Piqua.= Mentioned by Buchanan as raised and exhibited by Longworth in
1846.
=Pittsburg Seedling.= (Lab. Vin.) Found growing wild in 1851, by J. S.
Arthur, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Does not yield as well as Delaware,
but earlier, more sprightly and vinous and with less pulp; ripens in
August.
=Pizarro.= (Vin. Rip. Lab.) Parents, a Clinton seedling crossed with a
Vinifera; from J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, New York. Medium in vigor,
productive; stamens upright; cluster large, loose; berry medium, black,
oblong; juicy, sweet, aromatic; good quality; ripens mid-season.
=Planchette.= (Bourq. Lab. Vin.) Herbemont fertilized by Triumph; from
Munson. Self-fertile; cluster medium; berry white; season late.
=Planet.= (Lab. Vin.) From Ricketts; parents, Concord crossed by Black
Muscat of Alexandria. Healthy and productive; cluster large, loose,
shouldered; berries large, intermixed with smaller ones which have no
seeds, oblong; pulp tender, juicy, sweet; good flavor with slight taste
of Muscat.
=Plymouth.= (Lab.) _Plymouth White._ Noted in the _United States Patent
Office Report_ of 1860 as a native white grape, suitable for culture in
the Northern and Middle States.
=Pocohontas Red.= (Lab.) A worthless variety noted in _Gardener's
Monthly_ for 1863.
=Poeschel Mammoth.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Mammoth Catawba; from
Michael Poeschel, Hermann, Missouri. Healthy; cluster medium, compact,
sometimes shouldered; berry very large, round, red; pulpy, deficient in
flavor; season a week later than Catawba.
=Pollock.= (Lab. Vin.) From a Mr. Pollock, of Tremont, New York,
previous to 1862. A free grower; foliage thick and leathery; free from
mildew; cluster compact, long, large; berry dark purple or black; flesh
tender, vinous, not too sweet.
=Pond's Seedling.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling grown by Samuel Pond of
Massachusetts, previous to 1830. Very vigorous, short-jointed; shy
bearer; cluster long, large; berry round, purple; juicy; good quality.
=Ponroy.= (Doan.) A named wild variety found by Munson in Wilbarger
County, Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster medium; berry medium, black;
season early.
=Pontotoc.= (Vin. Bourq. Lab.) A cross of Delago fertilized with
Brilliant; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry large, red;
quality as good or better than Brighton; season early.
=Porup.= (Linc. Rup.) A seedling of Post-oak by Rupestris; from Munson.
_Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56_ says: A late ripening variety;
shatters badly; yield and quality poor.
=Post-oak No. 1.= (Linc.) From Munson, found in 1881. Stamens reflexed;
cluster large; berry medium to small; black; season late.
=Post-oak No. 2.= (Linc.) From Munson, found in 1883. Stamens reflexed;
cluster and berry medium; black; season very late.
=Post-oak No. 3.= (Linc.) Found by Munson in 1883. Stamens reflexed;
cluster and berry black; season very late.
=Potter.= (Lab.) _Potter's Early; Potter's Seedling; Potter's Sweet._
Originated in Providence, Rhode Island about 1881. Vigorous; cluster
compact, medium size, not shouldered; berry large; skin thick, black;
pulp rather tough; season earlier than Concord.
=Prairie State.= (Lab.) From Jacob Christian, Mount Carroll, Illinois,
before 1892. Hardy, productive; cluster large, compact; berries large,
white, fine bloom; skin thin; no pulp, sweet, pleasant flavor; good;
ripens ten days before Concord.
=President.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Herbert; from Munson. Strong,
healthy, prolific; flower perfect; cluster medium, compact; berry large,
black, persistent, does not crack; quality better than Concord; ripens
with Moore Early.
=Presly.= (Lab. Rip.) _Lyon; President Lyon._ A seedling of Elvira
crossed with Champion; from Munson, the name changed by him from
President Lyon to Presly. Vigorous, hardy, produces good crops; tendrils
continuous; flowers nearly fertile; stamens upright; fruit ripens the
last of August; clusters medium, slender, cylindrical, frequently
single-shouldered, loose; berries small, roundish, purplish-red, heavy
blue bloom, persistent; skin medium, tender, adheres strongly to pulp;
flesh dull green, juicy, tender, foxy, mild, sweet from skin to center;
good quality.
=Primate.= (Lab. Bourq.?) Originated by John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas,
from mixed seed. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive; cluster long,
compact, handsome; berry medium or above, red, firm; pulp tender, juicy,
rich, vinous; quality very good; season a little after Concord.
=Professor Brunk.= Vigorous, healthy; cluster medium size, ragged;
ripens unevenly; very late. Reported upon at Mississippi Experiment
Station in 1899.
=Professor Gulley.= According to _Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56_,
1899, vine and fruit resemble those of Concord and fruit ripens
irregularly about the same time. Yield not so large, more subject to
rot.
=Professor Hilgard.= (Linc. Bourq.) Parents, Post-oak crossed with
Herbemont; from Munson. Cluster large, shouldered, compact; berry
medium, purple; juicy, sweet and sprightly; medium to late.
=Profitable.= (Lab. Rip.) A seedling of Elvira fertilized by Perkins;
from Munson. Vigorous and productive, hardy; stamens upright, perfectly
self-fertile; cluster medium to large, long, medium compact, shouldered;
berry medium size, round, inclined to oblong, pale greenish-red; skin
rather thin, tender; pulp tender, sweet, juicy; flavor pleasant and
agreeable; season about with Concord.
=Profusion.= (Linc. Lab.) Ten-Dollar-Prize fertilized by Worden; from
Munson, 1889. Very vigorous; stamens upright; cluster large, compact;
berry small, black, adheres well; quality good; later than Concord in
Texas.
=Progress.= (Lab. Vin.) Thought to be a hardy native Labrusca by Black
Hamburg cross; from A. F. Rice, of South Weymouth, Massachusetts,
previous to 1883. Good grower; cluster medium size, shouldered; berries
large, dark red; skin thick, rather tender; quite pulpy, juicy, not high
flavored; quality fair.
=Progress.= (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas, previous to
1885. Very vigorous, healthy, hardy; cluster large, compact, shouldered;
berry large, medium, black, fine bloom; pulp tender, juicy, rich,
vinous; quality best; season a little later than Concord.
=Prolific.= (Lab.) From Dr. Stayman about 1880. Vigorous, productive;
clusters large, double-shouldered, compact, hang well on vine; berry
large, black; season soon after Jewel.
=Prolific Chicken Grape.= (Rip.?) A wild grape from Goochland County,
Virginia; mentioned by Prince in 1830. Very productive; flavor pleasant;
ripens in August in Virginia.
=Provost White.= (Lab.) Noted by Strong in 1866 as a common wild variety
of little value.
=Prunella.= (Vin. Lab.) A seedling from M. Vibert, of France, produced
by crossing a Vinifera with Isabella, about 1842. Resembles Wilder very
closely.
=Pukwana.= (Mont. Rup.) A seedling of _Vitis monticola_ crossed with
Rupestris; from Munson. Stamens reflexed; blooms mid-season; cluster
small; berry small, black.
=Pulaski.= (Lab. Vin. Aest.?) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas. Vine
vigorous, hardy, medium to productive; canes long; tendrils continuous
to sometimes intermittent; foliage large to medium; flowers nearly
fertile; stamens reflexed; keeps well; clusters small, inclined to
short, often with a small single shoulder, compact; berries intermediate
in size, roundish, dark purplish-black covered with blue bloom; skin
thin, tender, adheres to pulp; flesh greenish, tender, sweet; good to
very good in quality.
=Pulliat.= (Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Herbemont; from M. Pulliat, of
France; received at this Station in 1896. Vigorous, not hardy, very
productive; foliage shows Vinifera, mildews; tendrils intermittent;
stamens upright; clusters large, compact, shouldered; berries small,
round, black; pulp tender, moderately juicy, of good flavor; ripens
about ten days later than Herbemont.
=Pulpless.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw,
Michigan. Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster large,
shouldered, medium in compactness; berry large, black, oval; vinous,
rich; quality very good; ripens with Concord.
=Purity.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A cross between Delaware and some native
variety; from G. W. Campbell, about 1870. A white grape of the Delaware
type but a stronger, healthier grower; foliage larger and thicker;
bunches smaller than Delaware; berries larger; sweet, of very fine
quality; ripens very early; difficult to propagate.
=Purple Bloom.= (Lab. Vin.) _Culbert's Seedling No. 6._ A seedling of
Hartford and General Marmora; from Dr. W. A. M. Culbert, Newburgh, New
York, exhibited before the American Pomological Society in 1877.
Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, showy; berries above medium,
purple, of good quality.
=Purple Favorite.= (Aest.) Discarded as a worthless variety by United
States Department of Agriculture in 1864.
=Purple Marion.= _Mottier._ Noted by W. R. Prince in _Gardener's
Monthly_ for 1863.
=Putnam.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) _Ricketts' Delaware Seedling No. 2._ A
cross between Delaware and Concord; from J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, New
York, previous to 1871. Vine resembles Concord more than Delaware;
tendrils intermittent; clusters medium, moderately compact, usually
single-shouldered; berries medium, oval, black, persistent; pulp tender,
sweet, good; ripens early.
=Quassaic.= (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A cross between Clinton and Muscat Hamburg;
from Ricketts of Newburgh, about 1870. Usually vigorous, productive;
stamens upright; bunch large, shouldered, sometimes double-shouldered,
moderately compact; berries large, roundish-oval, black with heavy blue
bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous,
rich, aromatic; good; ripens soon after Concord.
=Queen of Sheba.= Sent out from Connecticut about 1869 as a promising
variety but proved to be Diana.
=Quinnebang.= Pronounced worthless by Prince in 1863.
=Quintina.= (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed with
Jaeger; from Munson in 1897. Cluster large; berry medium, black; stamens
erect; ripens late.
=Raabe.= (Lab. Vin.) _Honey; Raabe's Honey; Raabe's No. 3._ Raised by
Peter Raabe of Philadelphia about 1850; supposed to be a Catawba
seedling but some say it is a cross between Elsinburgh and Bland.
Vigorous, hardy, healthy, prolific; foliage much like Catawba; bunches
small, compact, rarely shouldered; berries small, round, dark
purplish-red, heavy bloom; pulp sugary, very juicy, vinous with Catawba
aroma; very good; early.
=Raabe's Seedlings.= Peter Raabe, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, years
ago originated several varieties of pure Vinifera seedlings. The best
known of these were Brinckle and Emily. They were unfit for outdoor
culture and are now long obsolete. Raabe originated native varieties as
well as the above mentioned Vinifera sorts.
=Rachel.= Exhibited at the grape show in New York in 1867 from the
vineyard of Rev. J. Knox, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Healthy and vigorous;
bunch and berry medium, white; early.
=Racine.= (Linc.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1883, "of similar
origin as Neosho and at first supposed to be the same grape but
afterwards recognized as distinct." Hardy, healthy, not very productive;
small pulpy berries of poor quality.
=Ragan.= (Linc. Lab. Vin.) _Reagan._ A seedling of Post-oak crossed with
Triumph; from Munson about 1892. Vigorous and fairly productive; stamens
upright; clusters large, conical, sometimes shouldered, compact; berries
medium, roundish, a little flattened; skin moderately thick, tough,
shiny black with blue bloom; pulp rather tender, juicy, some trace of
Post-oak flavor; fair to good.
=Raisin.= Noted in the _Illinois Horticultural Society Report_ for 1897.
Very productive; a medium-sized bunch with small, black berries of fair
quality.
=Raisin de Cote.= According to Prince 1830, this is a native of
Louisiana of which there are two varieties, the more common one being
dark blue, round with thick skin, somewhat pulpy, extremely sweet and
not musky.
=Ramsey.= (Champ.) One of Munson's, a variety of _Vitis champini_ found
in San Saba County, Texas. Cluster small; berry medium, black; ripens
early; self-sterile.
=Randall.= Received at this Station in 1893 from Peter Henderson and
Company, New York, as a cutting of a seed sport originating in the
garden of a Mr. Randall, Bayonne, New Jersey. It proved to be very
similar if not identical with Agawam.
=Raritan.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) _Ricketts' Delaware Seedling No. 1._ A
seedling of Delaware crossed with Concord, from J. H. Ricketts.
Moderately vigorous, doubtfully hardy; foliage much like Delaware; quite
productive; bunch medium, shouldered, resembles Delaware; berry medium,
round, black; flesh juicy, sweet, vinous; ripens about with Delaware.
=Rautenberg's Seedlings.= F. E. L. Rautenberg, of Lincoln, Illinois, has
originated many varieties of grapes. His varieties were raised from seed
of various standard varieties and are most of them second generation
hybrids. His best known sorts are: Amalia, Black Rose, Bismarck,
Chicago, Clarissa, Cleopatra, Hatton and Moltke.
=Read Seedling.= From M. A. Read, Port Dalhousie, Ontario; awarded the
first premium at the Industrial Fair, Toronto, 1895, as the best
seedling grape. Described by the originator as vigorous with heavy
foliage similar to Concord, very productive; bunch large, well
shouldered, very compact; berry of fair size, firm, black; good; early.
=Red Bird.= (Lab. Vin.) _Munson's No. 33._ A cross between Lindley and
Champion; from Munson, about 1888. Vigorous, hardy except in severe
winters, variable in productiveness; tendrils continuous; flowers
sterile; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, usually shouldered, variable
in compactness; berries medium, roundish, dull dark red with heavy blue
bloom; skin thick, tough; pulp tough, sweet, juicy, decidedly foxy;
good.
=Red Giant.= (Lab.) From Pennsylvania, about 1898. Vigorous, healthy,
prolific; sterile; bunch medium, compact; berry very large; skin thick
and tough, dark red; pulp tender, sweet, foxy; similar to Columbian
Imperial.
=Red Jacket.= From William M. Marine. A medium-sized bunch with large
oval berries of the Isabella type.
=Red Juice.= Mentioned by Adlum in 1823. Said to make a claret wine.
=Red Leaf.= (Rup.) A wild Rupestris found in Missouri and used by
Munson. Cluster very small; berry small, black; stamens reflexed; ripens
early.
=Red Riesling.= Introduced by the Hermann Grape Nurseries, Hermann,
Missouri. Described as being hardy and free from rot; bunches medium;
berries dark red, large.
=Red Rover.= (Lab. Vin.) Found growing in the vineyard of C. W. Seelye
at Vine Valley, on Canandaigua Lake, New York. Vigorous, healthy, fairly
productive; clusters large, shouldered, moderately compact; berries
medium, round, resemble Brighton in size and color; skin moderately
thick and tough; pulp tender, sweet, vinous, juicy, agreeable flavor;
good; ripens two weeks later than Brighton and is a better keeper but
not so high in quality.
=Red Sheperd.= (Rip. Lab.) Disseminated by a Mr. Estell of Rush County,
Indiana. Very vigorous, resembles Taylor; bunches small and compact;
berries small, round, red; sweet, very foxy.
=Red Sweet Water.= (Vin. Lab.) A seedling exhibited at the Ohio State
Fair, 1876, from Dr. Clark of Lebanon; said to be of southern origin and
of the Catawba type.
=Regina.= Listed among the grapes on trial in the government
experimental garden in 1863.
=Reinecke.= (Lab.) From F. E. L. Rautenberg of Lincoln, Illinois. A
seedling of Woodruff and, according to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894, not
sufficiently distinct to be disseminated as a different variety.
=Reinike.= (Rip. Lab.) Noted in the _Wisconsin Horticultural Society
Report_, 1871, as a vigorous, hardy grape resembling Clinton but with a
less compact bunch.
=Reliance.= (Vin. Bourq. Lab.) Exhibited by J. G. Burrows, Fishkill, New
York, before the American Pomological Society in 1881; a probable cross
between Delaware and Iona. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; bunch
resembles Delaware in size but not so compact; berry medium, light red;
tender, juicy, sweet; ripens with Delaware.
=Rentz.= (Lab. Vin.) _Rentz Seedling; Riatz._ A Catawba seedling; from
Sebastion Rentz, of Cincinnati. Vigorous, healthy, hardy, very
productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, compact, usually shouldered;
berries large, round, black, shatter badly; pulp firm, sweet, juicy,
foxy; early.
=Rhenish.= Noted in the _United States Patent Office Report_, 1849-50,
as being "an excellent variety", grown in Illinois; supposed to be of
European origin, though doubtful.
=Richmond.= Mentioned in the _United States Department of Agriculture
Report_, 1875, as being a very early southern grape.
=Riehl's Seedlings.= Seedlings originated by E. H. Riehl, of Alton,
Illinois. Those tested at this Station all show unmistakable traces of
Concord blood and are presumably seedlings of that variety. The most
promising of these is Eclipse, for a description of which see page 254.
With the exception of Eclipse, none of his seedlings has been named or
introduced.
=Riesenblatt.= (Aest.) _Giant Leaf._ A chance seedling found growing in
the vineyard of M. Poeschel at Hermann, Missouri. Hardy, healthy,
productive; with a very large leaf; bunch and berries small.
=Roanoke Red.= (Cord. Lab. Vin.) From Texas, previous to 1900. Very
vigorous; stamens upright; bunch medium, moderately compact; berry
medium, reddish-purple; fair to good; ripens with Pocklington.
=Robert Wylie.= Produced by Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chester, South Carolina.
Described in _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1883, as a great bearer but not quite
hardy; bunch large and long; berry large, blue; skin thin; rich and
juicy; ripens as late as Catawba.
=Robeson.= From a Mr. Robeson, of South Texas. Resembles Devereaux;
probably a seedling of that variety but inferior to it in every respect.
=Robeson Seedling.= According to the _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894,
identical with Louisiana. Probably the same as Robeson.
=Robinson Unnamed Seedling.= (Lab.) Given in _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894,
as an accidental seedling found by Mrs. E. Mason, Lamont, Michigan, in
1881. Moderate grower with Labrusca foliage; bunch medium, round,
reddish-amber with thin whitish bloom; pulp tender, juicy, vinous,
sprightly, a little foxy, "very good"; ripens with Delaware.
=Robusta.= (Long.) A variety of _Vitis longii_ found in Motley County,
Texas, and used by Munson. Cluster small; berry small; self-sterile;
ripens early.
=Rockingham.= (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from T. B. Miner, of New
Jersey. Described by Mitzky, 1893, as "hardy, vigorous, productive;
bunch and berry medium, black; quality like Concord."
=Rockland Favorite.= (Lab.) A Concord seedling from Rockland,
Massachusetts, introduced by Ellwanger & Barry as earlier, hardier and
better than its parent. Bunch and berry large, black; sweet, juicy.
=Roenbeck.= (Vin.?) A chance seedling originated on the grounds of Jas.
W. Trask, Bergen Point, New Jersey; first fruited in 1870. Fairly
vigorous, hardy, very productive, with tendency to overbear; clusters
medium, compact, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, slightly
flattened; skin thin, tough, greenish with yellowish tinge, white bloom;
pulp nearly transparent, melting, juicy, sweet, vinous; fair to good.
_Rogers' No. 5._ (Lab. Vin.) One of Rogers' unnamed hybrids; a seedling
of Mammoth Globe crossed with Black Hamburg. Vigorous, not always hardy,
moderately productive; tendrils continuous to intermittent; leaves
large; stamens reflexed; self-sterile; cluster medium size, rather
loose, frequently shouldered; berries large, roundish to oval; skin
thin, tough, dark red to purplish-black; slightly foxy and vinous; good;
ripens with Concord.
_Rogers' No. 13._ (Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Mammoth Globe crossed with
White Chasselas. Vigorous, not always hardy, uncertainly productive;
tendrils continuous to intermittent; stamens upright; self-fertile or
nearly so; clusters medium, rather loose; berries large, roundish to
oblate; skin medium thick, rather tender, dark red to almost black;
flesh tender, foxy, rather sweet, vinous; good; ripens with Concord; not
a good keeper.
_Rogers' No. 24._ (Lab. Vin.) Parents, Mammoth Globe crossed with Black
Hamburg. Vigorous, productive, not always hardy; tendrils continuous to
intermittent; stamens upright; flowers nearly self-fertile; clusters
large, attractive, short, rather broad, variably compact; berries rather
large, roundish to slightly oval, persistent; skin rather thin, rather
tough, medium to light red; flesh somewhat tough, stringy, sweet,
vinous; good; resembles Goethe and of about the same season.
_Rogers' No. 32._ (Lab. Vin.) A cross of Mammoth Globe and Black
Hamburg. Moderately vigorous, usually hardy; tendrils continuous,
sometimes intermittent; stamens upright; flowers partly self-fertile;
cluster medium size, usually shouldered; berries large to medium,
roundish to slightly oblate; skin rather thick and tough, dark red;
flesh slightly tough, sweet, vinous, musky; very good; ripens after
Concord and sometimes unevenly.
=Rombrill.= (Lab. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) A cross of Rommel and Brilliant;
from Munson in 1897. Cluster large; berry large, yellow; medium early;
self-fertile.
=Rosalie.= (Lab.) One of E. W. Bull's seedlings, exhibited by him before
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874. Bunch large; berry red;
very foxy; shatters.
=Roscoe.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware crossed with Martha;
from Munson, about 1888. Vigorous, healthy, moderately productive;
clusters resemble Delaware in size and shape; berries medium, nearly
round, white or pale green with white bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp
tough, nearly sweet, sprightly; good; ripens with Delaware;
self-sterile.
=Rose.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delaware fertilized with Iona;
from J. H. Ricketts, about 1873. "Bunch four inches long, compact;
berries three-fourths of an inch in diameter, reddish purple; skin
thick; pulp very tender, sprightly; very good; one of the earliest."
=Roslyn.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Diana crossed with Hartford; from C.
J. Copley, Stapleton, New York, about 1880. Bunch large, shouldered,
very compact; berry large, round, sometimes compressed, purplish with
thin bloom; skin thick; pulp firm, sweet with a strong musky flavor.
=Roswither.= (Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of Jewel; from L. Hencke,
Collinsville, Illinois. Described by Mitzky, in 1893, as very productive
and hardy; bunch and berry medium to large; dark purplish, nearly black;
quality fine; ripens about ten days before Concord.
=Ruby.= (Lab.) A seedling from Geo. Haskell, Ipswich, Massachusetts.
Hardy, variable in vigor; somewhat subject to rot; bunch medium, loose;
berry above medium, round, dark ruby red; very good quality; ripens
about with Hartford; stamens reflexed.
=Ruby.= (Lab. Vin. Rip.) A seedling of Elvira crossed with Brighton;
from Munson, about 1890. Vigorous, healthy, not very hardy; bunches
imperfectly filled, small, shouldered; berry medium, round, dull red
with stripes, resembling Elvira in flavor and texture; ripens about with
Concord.
=Ruckland.= (Lab. Vin.) Grown in Louisiana and said to have been brought
from England. Munson pronounced it a Labrusca-Vinifera hybrid. Very
late; red.
=Rulander.= (Bourq.) _Amoreux; Red Elben; St. Genevieve._ A southern
grape, by some claimed to be a foreign seedling brought to this country
by the early French settlers; probably native. Vigorous, short-jointed,
healthy, not productive nor hardy; stamens upright; bunch medium,
shouldered, very compact; berry small, roundish-oval, purplish-black;
without pulp, juicy, sweet and rich; makes an excellent pale red wine
closely resembling sherry; ripens last of July in the South.
=Rupel.= (Rup. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Rupestris pollinated by July
Twenty-fifth; from Munson. Cluster small; berry small, black; ripens
early; stamens upright.
=Rupert.= (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between America and
Brilliant; from Munson. Vigorous, not very hardy, variable in
productiveness; stamens upright; clusters medium, slender, usually
shouldered, moderately compact; berries medium, nearly round, dark dull
reddish-black with blue bloom; skin thin, tough; flesh pale green,
tender, melting, somewhat musky, with Post-oak flavor; fair; ripens with
Worden.
=Rustler.= (Lab. Vin.) From Munson, about 1888; a seedling of Lindley
crossed with Martha. Vine vigorous, not always hardy, variable in
productiveness; stamens reflexed; clusters medium, cylindrical, compact,
sometimes shouldered; berries medium, roundish; skin medium thick,
tough, dull light green with gray bloom, covered with scattering russet
dots; pulp pale green, tough, stringy, foxy, sweet, somewhat musky; fair
to good; ripens about with Concord.
=Rusty Coat.= Described by _Mississippi Station Bulletin No. 56_ as
healthy, fair yielder; bunches long, loose and irregular; berries
medium, black; good.
=Rutland.= (Lab. Vin. Aest.) From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York,
about thirty years ago; a seedling of Eumelan pollinated by Concord. Of
medium vigor, not very hardy or productive; stamens upright; clusters
medium, shouldered, usually compact; berries small, roundish, inclined
to shatter; skin thin, somewhat tough, dark reddish-black with blue
bloom; flesh tender and nearly melting, vinous, sweet; very good; ripens
about with Worden.
=Saginaw.= Noted in _Michigan Pomological Society Report, 1880_, as a
seedling from G. Wingworth, Saginaw City, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy,
early.
=St. Albans.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Ives crossed with Niagara; from
Jacob P. Bossung, Jefferson County, Kentucky, about 1889. Fair grower,
hardy, healthy; described as a "Black Niagara".
=St. Augustine.= (Aest.?) Noted in _American Pomological Society Report_
for 1877, as a native variety from Florida.
=St. Catherine.= (Lab.) From James W. Clark, Framingham, Massachusetts,
about 1860. Vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, rather compact;
berries large, round, red; pulpy, sweet, foxy.
=St. Hilaire.= (Rip.?) From Alexis Dery, St. Hilaire, Quebec, before
1892. Hardy, vigorous; cluster small, rather loose; berry small, black;
pulp tough with a marked acidity.
=St. John.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Brighton pollinated by
Delaware; from Henry B. Spencer, Rocky River, Ohio, about 1890.
Vigorous, healthy, productive; foliage like Delaware; short-jointed;
fruit resembles Brighton; pulp sweet, meaty, tender, vinous; ripens
about with Delaware.
=Salabra.= Described by Georgia Experiment Station in 1901 as weak in
vigor, unproductive; stamens reflexed; bunches irregular, very loose;
berries small, black, of fair quality; ripens with Delaware; perhaps
same as Salado.
=Salado.= (Champ. Lab. Vin.) Seedling of De Grasset crossed with
Brilliant; from Munson. Resistant to drought, vigorous, prolific;
pistillate; adapted to limy and black soils of the South.
=Sally.= (Bourq. Vin. Rip.) A cross between Delaware and Sherman; from
D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. Vigorous, healthy; bunch smaller than
Delaware; berry same size, sweeter, white; very early.
=Salt Creek.= (Doan.) A variety of _Vitis doaniana_ found by Munson in
Greer County, Oklahoma; stamens reflexed; small bunch with medium-sized
black berry; early; an excellent graft stock.
=Saluda.= Noted in _United States Patent Office Report_ for 1860 as very
vigorous; blue, large; juicy, somewhat pulpy.
=Salzer Earliest.= (Lab.) From John A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wisconsin, in
1892. Very hardy, prolific; resembles Concord in type but of better
quality; early.
=Samuels.= (Vin.?) A cross between a Vinifera and a native Texas
species; exhibited by Bruni & Brother, Laredo, Texas, at the Columbian
Exposition in 1893. Bunch large, compact, much compounded; berries
medium, white; skin adherent; flavor not high.
=Sanalba.= (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross of San Jacinto and
Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Said to be very vigorous, prolific;
cluster larger than Scuppernong; berry large, white, rich in sugar,
tender, of good quality; skin thin.
=Sanbornton.= (Lab. Vin.) _Sanborton._ Purchased for an Isabella by Dr.
Carr, of Sanbornton, New Hampshire, in 1826. Said to resemble Isabella
except that it has rounder berries and ripens earlier.
=San Jacinto.= (Rot. Linc.) A seedling of Scuppernong crossed with a
Lincecumii hybrid; from Munson, about 1898. Medium in vigor, prolific,
healthy; stamens reflexed; bunch small, irregular, very loose; berry
large, black, of fair quality; ripens two to three weeks after
Scuppernong.
=Sanmelaska.= (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A hybrid of San Jacinto and
Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Said to be very vigorous, prolific;
bunch three times as large as Scuppernong; berry about same size,
sweeter, black.
=Sanmonta.= (Bourq. Rip. Linc.) A seedling of San Jacinto crossed with
Herbemont; from Munson, about 1906. Vigorous, very prolific; bunch above
medium; berry black; very juicy, melting, sprightly; skin thin; seeds
small.
=Sanrubra.= (Rot. Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between San Jacinto
and Brilliant; from Munson, about 1906. Very vigorous, productive;
cluster medium; berry not quite as large as Scuppernong but more
persistent; melting, sweet, of good quality; skin thin, tough.
=Santa Clara.= (Vin. Lab. Bourq.) A seedling of unknown parentage,
probably Delaware; from J. B. Tuckerman, Cassville, New York, first
fruited in 1900. Lacks vigor; strongly Vinifera in vine characters;
tendrils intermittent; stamens upright; flowers sterile; clusters
usually single-shouldered; berries small, roundish, light green with
thin gray bloom, persistent, rather soft; fair in flavor and quality;
skin nearly thin, tender.
=Saxe White Seedling.= Found in Catskill Mountains by W. H. Saxe,
Palenville, New York, about 1900. Vigorous, hardy, productive; ripens a
little before Early Ohio.
=Schenck White.= Noted in _Grape Culturist, 1871_, as "supposed to have
come from Germany about 1790."
=Schiller.= (Bourq.) A seedling of Louisiana; from Frederick Muench,
Marthasville, Missouri. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, productive; bunch
below medium; berries medium, purplish-blue.
=Schmitz Seedling.= (Lab. Vin.) Noted in _Magazine of Horticulture_ for
1853 as a seedling grape from Gerhard Schmitz, Pennsylvania. Resembles
Isabella closely but may be a little earlier.
=Schoonemunk.= (Lab.) _Skunnymunk._ A native seedling found by W. A.
Woodward, Mortonville, Orange County, New York, about 1860, named after
a neighboring mountain. Said to be hardy, productive; fruit equal in
size and flavor to the Concord; earlier in ripening.
=Scott.= Noted by Prince in 1830 as a native North Carolina grape found
by Gen. John Scott of the same state. Berries medium, round, white,
amber when ripe; juicy, of good flavor; ripen late.
=Secunda.= (Linc. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Early Purple crossed
with Brilliant; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens reflexed; bunch medium;
berry large, red; early.
=Seedlin.= (Rot.) Noted in _South Carolina Station Bulletin No. 132_,
1907, as medium in vigor, very productive; flowers perfect; bunches
contain three to six reddish-black berries; pulp tender, juicy, slightly
acid, of good quality; skin thick.
=Selma.= (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Elvira probably crossed with Concord;
from G. Segessman, Amazonia, Missouri; first mentioned about 1890.
Hardy, productive, healthy; bunches large, perfect, shouldered; berry
medium, round, black, adherent; juicy, sprightly, pleasant flavored;
skin thick; ripens a few days after Moore Early.
=Seneca.= (Lab.) A seedling of Hartford; first exhibited at
Hammondsport, New York, in 1867 by R. Simpson, Geneva, New York. Similar
to its parent.
=Seneca.= (Lab. Vin.) From John Burr, Leavenworth, Kansas; mentioned in
_Missouri Horticultural Society Report_ in 1892. Very vigorous, not
quite hardy, healthy, productive; bunch large, compact; berry large,
red, with slight bloom; tender, juicy, sprightly, sweet, of Catawba
flavor; skin thin, tough; ripens after Concord.
=Septimia.= (Linc. Vin. Lab. Bourq.?) From Munson, in 1897; a cross
between Early Purple and Carman. Stamens erect; bunch large with
medium-sized, black berries; late.
=Seward.= A seedling from S. V. Smith, Syracuse, New York; exhibited as
a new variety before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1880.
Bunch medium, compact, frequently shouldered; berry large, round, color
of Catawba; sweet, juicy, rich, not adherent; skin medium thick.
=Shala.= (Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of America crossed with Beacon;
from Munson, in 1899. Vigorous, prolific; stamens upright; clusters
large; berry large, black, tender, juicy, delicious; skin thin, tough;
ripens about with Concord.
=Sharon.= (Lab. Vin.?) A seedling of Adirondac; introduced by D. S.
Marvin, Watertown, New York. Resembles its parent but is sweeter,
hardier, more reliable; ripens at the same time.
=Sharp Beak.= (Rup. Rip. Lab.) From Munson; parents, _Vitis rupestris_
crossed with Elvira. Stamens reflexed; cluster and berry small, black;
early.
=Shelley Seedling.= A seedling from Daniel Shelley, Cumberland County,
Pennsylvania, exhibited in 1879. Fruit medium in size, of Catawba color
and of very good flavor.
=Sheppard Delaware.= (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Downing in 1869 as a seedling
of Catawba from J. N. Sheppard, in 1853. The vine and fruit are similar
in all respects to Delaware.
=Shepperd.= (Lab.) A seedling from E. W. Bull, Concord, Massachusetts;
exhibited in 1874 before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Bunch
and berry medium, black, not adherent.
=Sherman.= (Rip.) Resembles Lyman in most characters and by some
considered synonymous. Poor bearer; stamens imperfect; ripens earlier
than Hartford.
=Sheruah.= (Linc. Rup. Lab. Vin.) A seedling of America fertilized by R.
W. Munson; from Munson, in 1899. Described by originator as "vigorous
and prolific; cluster very large; berry large, black and handsome; skin
thin and tough; pulp tender, juicy, delicious; medium late season."
Resembles Concord in type of cluster and general appearance but is
superior in the texture and flavor of the pulp.
_Shull No. 2._ (Lab. Vin.) A chance seedling of unknown parentage; from
J. Shull, Ilion, New York, about 1892. Very vigorous, healthy,
productive; stamens long; clusters medium to large, compact,
cylindrical; berry medium, roundish-oblong; skin thin, tender, pale
green covered with thin bloom; pulp tender, releases seeds readily,
sweet; good but not equal to Winchell; early.
=Shurtleff Seedling.= _Lilac._ A chance seedling, probably from a
foreign grape, found in the garden of Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, of Pemberton
Hill, near Boston, in 1822. Bunches large, shouldered; berries nearly
large, oval; skin thick, light purple or lilac, with a spotted
appearance, grayish bloom; pulp firm, sweet, rich; very good; ripens
early in September.
=Siglar.= Mentioned in the _Gardener's Monthly_, 1869, as a new variety
resembling Delaware but with fruit twice as large. Comparatively hardy,
productive; rich and sweet.
=Silkyfine.= (Lab. Rip. Vin.) A cross of One Seed with Rommel; from
Munson, in 1898. Stamens erect; bunch medium; berry large, white; late.
=Silvain.= (Doan.) A wild staminate variety of _Vitis doaniana_ found in
Greer County, Oklahoma, by Munson. It furnishes an excellent graft
stock.
=Silver Dawn.= (Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Israella fertilized with Muscat
Hamburg, of the same lot of seed as Early Dawn; from Dr. Wm. A. M.
Culbert, Newburgh, New York, about 1877. Vigorous, hardy; white; best.
=Sinawissa.= Noted in the _Wisconsin Horticultural Society Report_,
1876, as a grape of delicious flavor but not to be recommended for
general cultivation.
=Sloe.= (Rot.) A variety of _Vitis rotundifolia_ which, according to
Prince, 1830, "is probably the original vine whence the improved
varieties of its race have emanated, but inferior to all the others. The
fruit is sour and scarcely eatable, and of a dark purple or black
color."
=Small Leaf.= (Rup.) A wild variety of _Vitis rupestris_ found by Munson
in Texas. Stamens reflexed; cluster very small; berry small, black; very
early.
=Smallwood.= A native of North Carolina; from E. Smallwood. According to
Prince, 1830, the fruit is about half the size of the Muscatel, and is
much esteemed for making wine.
=Snelter.= Mentioned by Mitzky, 1893, as a seedling of Riparia crossed
with Concord; from L. Snelter, Carver, Minnesota.
=Snowflake.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue, 1894_,
a seedling of Jewel, from Dr. J. K. Stayman. Vigorous, hardy and
productive; bunch medium, compact; berry large, white; tender but firm,
juicy, sprightly, vinous, sweet; of very good quality; ripens about with
Concord.
=Solander Large Purple.= According to Prince, 1830, a variety highly
esteemed in Missouri, from which place it was received by him.
=Solrupo.= (Long. Linc. Rup.) A cross between _Vitis longii_ and a
seedling of Lincecumii crossed with Rupestris; from Munson. Stamens
reflexed; bunch and berry small, black; early.
=Somerville.= A large-berried variety, growing in the vineyard of Sidney
Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina, in 1845.
=Sophia.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Concord fertilized with Iona; from
D. J. Piper, Forreston, Ogle County, Illinois, about 1880. Equal to
Concord in hardiness, very productive; clusters compact; berries having
the rich vinous nature of the Iona and the sweetness of the Concord;
ripens with Concord and is a good keeper.
=Souland.= (Rip.) Mentioned in the _Illinois Horticultural Society
Report_, 1868, as a good winter grape, resembling Clinton; exhibited by
John H. Tice before the Mississippi Valley Grape Growers' Association in
that year.
=South Carolina.= According to Warder, 1867, from Ohio. Vigorous; bunch
large; berry small, black; juicy, spicy; very promising.
=Southern Champion.= Exhibited by Stephen H. Shallcross of Louisville,
Kentucky, at the fruit show of the Southern Exposition in Louisville.
=Spencer.= (Vin. Lab.) _Wells; Wells White._ Noted in the _United States
Patent Office Report_, 1861, as an accidental cross between Sweetwater
and Isabella.
=Spinosa.= (Lab.) A wild variety of _Vitis labrusca_ from North
Carolina; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch very small;
berries large, black; mid-season.
=Spotted Globe.= According to Fuller, 1867, a hybrid from Jacob Moore,
Rochester, New York. Very feeble; flesh sweet, very tender; good.
=Springfield.= (Lab.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894, a
seedling of Northern Muscadine; from W. H. Lightfoot, Springfield,
Illinois. Strong, healthy and hardy; bunch medium to large, very
compact; berries large, reddish-brown becoming dark brown when fully
ripe; pulpy yet juicy and very sweet; ripens about a week before
Concord.
=Stace White.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) An unnamed seedling from S. Stace,
Barnard Crossing, Monroe County, New York. A cross between Delaware and
Isabella; the vine closely resembles Rebecca in foliage, habit and
fruit.
=Stelton.= (Lab. Vin.) From W. Thompson, of New Brunswick, about 1882.
Bunch large, shouldered, rather loose; berries medium, greenish-white
with white bloom; pulp juicy, sweet; ripens with Concord.
=Sterling.= (Lab. Vin.) From E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas, about 1904.
Moderate grower, healthy and hardy; bunch small to medium, irregular in
shape; berry large, round; ripens with Concord; good keeper.
=Stetson's Seedlings.= From Amos Stetson, of East Braintree,
Massachusetts, about sixty years ago.
_No. 1._ See Cabot.
_No. 2._ (Lab. Vin.) A red native Labrusca crossed with Grizzly
Frontignan. Berries nearly white, with a little tinge of blush.
_No. 3._ (Lab. Vin.) A native red Labrusca fertilized by Grizzly
Frontignan. Resembles _No. 2_ but has larger berries.
_No. 4._ (Lab. Vin.) A red native Labrusca crossed with Black Hamburg.
Ripens early in September, fourteen days sooner than Isabella.
_No. 5._ (Lab. Vin.) A cross between a native red Labrusca and
Sweetwater. Resembles Sweetwater very closely; color dark blue.
=Storm King.= (Lab.) A sport of Concord; from E. P. Roe,
Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. Resembles its parent in all respects
except that the berries are about twice as large and are less foxy.
=Strawberry.= According to Cole, 1849, from Col. L. Chase, Cornish, New
Hampshire. Bunch and berry small; pleasant, sub-acid flavor.
=Striped Ruby.= _Munson's No. 13._ One of Munson's seedlings on trial at
the Virginia Experiment Station in 1893.
=Success.= (Linc. Rup. Bourq.) Parentage, Post-oak, Rupestris and
Bourquiniana; from Munson. Noted in the _Rural New Yorker_ for 1901.
Very vigorous and highly prolific; cluster size of Concord, compact;
berries variable in size from small to above medium; skin thin, tough;
very sweet and rich, of the best quality.
=Sugar Grape.= (Lab.) A wild variety of _Vitis labrusca_; grows in great
abundance near Plymouth, Massachusetts. Growth moderate, short-jointed;
healthy; bunches and berries of medium size, round and flat; very sweet.
=Sugar Grape.= (Rot.) A variety of the Scuppernong family, cultivated by
L. Froelich, of Enfield, Halifax County, North Carolina. Mentioned in
the _United States Department of Agriculture Report_, 1871, as having a
saccharine strength of 80°.
=Summer White.= (Lab.) Mentioned in the _Magazine of Horticulture_,
1854, as having been found wild; ripens the last of July and in August
and September; decidedly superior to Isabella.
=Sumner.= Noted in the _American Horticultural Annual_ for 1871 as a
seedling raised by P. Stewart, of Mt. Lebanon, New York.
=Sunrise.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Jos. Bachman, Altus, Arkansas, about
1897; seedling of Brilliant. Described by the originator as a strong
grower; bunches rather open; berries red; skin tender; best; ten days to
two weeks earlier than Delaware.
=Superior.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Jewel; from John Burr of
Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and
productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, moderately compact; berry
medium, black with heavy bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, rich,
sweet, vinous, sprightly; very good; ripens a few days later than Jewel.
=Supreme.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A Delaware seedling; from John Burr, of
Leavenworth, Kansas, about 1890. Variable in vigor and productiveness,
hardy, healthy; stamens upright; cluster medium, usually compact; berry
medium, black; tender, sweet, sprightly, vinous; quality better than
Jewel and about a week earlier.
=Swatara.= From Pennsylvania; according to _Horticulturist_, 1858, this
variety was discovered many years ago in a ravine through which the
Swatara River flowed. Bunch and berry below medium size, compact; sweet;
early.
=Sweetey.= (Linc. Bourq.) _Munson's No. 111._ A seedling of Lincecumii
fertilized with Herbemont; from Munson. Very vigorous, tender, a shy
bearer; stamens upright; bunch medium, compact, shouldered; berry small,
round, dark purple or black with heavy bloom; skin thin, tender; pulp
large and tough; rather poor quality; a few days earlier than Concord.
=Taft.= Given by Prince in a list of worthless varieties in _Gardener's
Monthly_, 1863.
=Talala.= (Lab. Rip. Cand. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between Elvicand and
Brilliant; from Munson. An attractive compact bunch with large red
berries of rather tough pulp; not high quality.
=Talequah.= (Bourq. Rup. Linc.) A seedling of America crossed with
Herbemont; from Munson, about 1895. Clusters large, conical; berries
medium, dark red; skin thin, tough; without pulp, melting, juicy; nearly
as good as Delaware; late.
=Tamala.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor
Ross; from Munson; first fruited in 1899. Moderately vigorous; stamens
erect; bunch and berry medium, yellowish-white; good; ripens mid-season
in Texas.
=Tekoma.= (Lab. Vin.) Noted in the _American Horticultural Annual_,
1870, as a Missouri seedling of Catawba, more healthy than that variety.
=Tenderpulp.= (Rot.) A Rotundifolia, originated about 1870. Vigorous,
very productive; stamens reflexed; berries medium, black, in clusters of
four to twelve; skin tough; pulp tender, juicy, sweet; poor; ripens
about a month after Scuppernong.
=Ten-Dollar-Prize.= (Linc.) A wild Post-oak grape found by a Mr.
Hopkins, of Texas, about 1883. Used by Munson as one of the parents in a
number of his crosses.
=Tennessee.= Noted as on trial in the government experimental garden in
1860.
=Tennessee Island.= A wild grape growing in great abundance on the
islands in the Tennessee River. Very similar to Scuppernong and Prince
says "it is quite probable it may be the genuine Scuppernong."
=Texas.= (Linc.) _Diverse Leaved._ A variety of grape received by Prince
about 1830 from the border of Texas with leaves very variable in form;
produces a great abundance of very good grapes.
=Texas.= (Linc.) According to Prince, 1830, "a large, slightly reddish
fruit, very juicy, sweet, with little or no pulpy coherence."
=Texas.= (Bourq.) _Munson's No. 181._ A Herbemont seedling; from Munson
of Texas. Variable in vigor; stamens upright; bunches small, compact;
berries small, black; good; ripens with Herbemont.
=Texas Highland.= (Linc. Vin. Lab.) _Munson's No. 130._ A seedling of
Post-oak crossed with Agawam; from Munson, about 1885. Vigorous, not
very productive; stamens erect; bunch medium, loose; berries medium to
large, black; juicy, rich and pleasant; late.
=Themis.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw,
Michigan. According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894, a strong grower,
hardy, productive; bunch medium, short, compact, sometimes shouldered;
berries large, Catawba-colored; meaty, firm; good; ripens with Worden.
Considered by some same as Metis.
=Theodosia.= (Lab.? Rip.?) A chance seedling originating on the grounds
of E. S. Salisbury, Adams, New York, in 1862. Hardy and productive;
bunch medium, very compact, usually shouldered; berries medium, black;
juicy, quite tart; very early.
=Theophile.= (Lab.) From Theophile Huber, Illinois City, Illinois. Bunch
medium, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry large, yellowish-white;
pulp tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; very good; ripens before Concord.
=Thomas.= (Rot.) A variety of Rotundifolia discovered in the woods near
Marion, South Carolina, by Drury Thomas, about 1845. Vigorous, very
productive; stamens erect; berries growing in clusters of from four to
ten; very large; skin thin, varies in color from a reddish-purple to a
deep black; pulp tender, sweet, vinous; good to very good; ripens about
with Scuppernong or a little earlier. One of the best of this species
for wine.
=Thompson's Seedlings.= The following seedlings were originated about
twenty years ago by Jos. T. Thompson of Oneida, New York:
_No. 2._ (Lab.) A seedling of Brighton, resembling it very closely,
fully equal in quality and, so far as tested, earlier and a better
keeper.
_No. 3._ A white grape of unknown parentage.
_No. 4._ A chance seedling; early, black and large.
_No. 5._ (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Worden and fruit somewhat of the same
type. Clusters medium, loose; berries nearly large, roundish,
reddish-purple with thin bloom; skin thin, tough; pulp rather tough,
juicy, sweet, not foxy; good; stamens reflexed; shows Vinifera; late.
_No. 7._ (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Agawam. Vigorous, healthy; clusters
nearly large, compact; berries medium to large, round; skin thick,
tough, dull dark red with blue bloom; pulp sweet, rather tough, vinous;
good; late.
=Thompson's Seedlings.= A large number of seedlings were raised by David
Thompson, of Green Island, in the Hudson River, near Troy, about forty
years ago. Nearly all are of Vinifera parentage and consequently of
little value for open vineyard culture. Among his named seedlings are:
David Thompson, General Grant, L. H. Tupper, Nathan C. Ely, A. B.
Crandall, Bonticue, Early August, William Tell, Lavina, Elenor, Jas. M.
Ketchum.
=Thompson Red Seedling.= According to _Grape Culturist_, 1869, from a
Mr. Thompson, originator of the Missouri Mammoth blackberry, said to be
a Concord seedling but bears a strong resemblance to some of Rogers'
hybrids.
=Thompson Wine.= (Lab. Vin.?) Received by the _Magazine of Horticulture_
in 1865 from Mr. R. O. Thompson, of Nebraska. Bunch and berry resembling
Isabella in shape; black.
=Tishomingo.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with
Governor Ireland; from Munson, about 1899. Stamens erect; bunch medium
with large black berry; ripens mid-season.
=Togni.= (Aest.) A seedling of St. Augustine cultivated in Florida about
thirty years ago.
=Tonkawa.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with
Brilliant; from Munson, of Texas, about 1899. Vigorous, nearly hardy,
productive; stamens upright; clusters medium, rather slender,
shouldered, variable in compactness; berries not uniform in size, oval,
dull dark red with lilac bloom; skin moderately thick and tough; pulp
slightly tough, vinous, sweet; good; ripens with Concord.
=Transparent.= (Rip. Lab.) A Taylor seedling; from Jacob Rommel, of
Missouri, about 1880. Vine vigorous, healthy, moderately productive;
stamens upright; bunch small, compact, shouldered; berry very juicy,
sweet; good; ripens a few days before Concord.
=Trask.= (Lab. Vin.) The _Bushberg Catalogue_ says, "a chance seedling
that first fruited in 1875. Introduced by Peter Henderson and Company.
Healthy; leaves smooth; bunches large, long, often shouldered; berries
medium to large, brown or bluish-black; tender, melting, very sweet,
vinous; ripens before Concord."
=Triumphant.= A failure at the Ontario Experimental Farm where it was
tested in 1886.
=Trollinger.= Mentioned in _United States Patent Office Report_ for 1859
as being on trial in the government experimental garden.
=Trowbridge.= (Lab. Vin.) According to _American Horticultural Annual_,
1870, a sport from the Isabella with much larger bunches and berries
than those of its parent.
=Troy.= (Lab. Vin.) _Purple Hamburgh_ of Troy; _Troy Hamburg_. Described
by Prince in 1830 as hardy, vigorous, productive; berries large, oval, a
little foxy, pleasant; very good; similar to Isabella.
=Tryone.= (Lab. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) From a cross by Munson between One
Seed and Rommel, about 1897. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large,
white; very late.
=Tuckerman.= From J. B. Tuckerman, Cassville, Oneida County, New York,
about 1870. A white grape.
=Tuskahoma.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A member of Munson's Delago family, the
male parent being Brilliant; first fruited in 1899. Stamens erect; bunch
and berry large, translucent red; equal to Brighton in quality; early.
=U. B.= One of Marine's seedlings; a black grape, of Labrusca type.
=Uhland.= (Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Taylor; from Wm. Weidmeyer, Hermann,
Missouri. Vigorous, hardy, healthy, usually a shy bearer; stamens erect;
bunch medium, nearly cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry
medium, slightly oblong, greenish-yellow with thin bloom; skin thin,
tender, cracks; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; ripens a few
days later than Concord; subject to rot in some sections; makes a very
good wine.
=Uller Mammoth.= Reported by the Tennessee Experiment Station in 1894 as
an exceedingly large grape of inferior quality; a vigorous vine.
=Ulrey.= Mentioned by Warder in 1867. From Indiana; medium bunch with
large white berry; sweet, rich.
=Una.= (Lab.) A White Concord seedling; from E. W. Bull, about 1867.
Healthy and vigorous; bunch and berries medium; resembles Martha but not
so sweet and more foxy; ripens a week before Concord.
=Underhill.= (Lab.) _Underhill's Celestial_; _Underhill's Seedling_. A
variety of the wild Fox grape; from Dr. A. K. Underhill, Charlton,
Saratoga County, New York, about 1863. Of medium vigor, hardy, healthy
and productive; stamens reflexed; bunches medium to large, cylindrical,
frequently shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, usually
roundish, dark dull red with lilac bloom, inclined to drop when ripe;
skin thick, tough, very astringent; pulp tough, sweet, foxy, moderately
juicy, fair; ripens about with Concord; of the Wyoming type but inferior
to that variety.
=Undine.= (Lab. Rip.) From J. H. Ricketts; a seedling of Concord and
Clinton; vigorous and healthy; bunch large, shouldered; berries large,
yellowish-white when fully ripe; sprightly, very good.
=Universal.= (Linc. Lab. Rup.) A seedling of America crossed with
Profusion; from Munson, about 1897. Stamens erect; bunch large with
medium-sized black berry; equal to Concord in quality; very late.
=Urbana.= (Lab.) A seedling of Concord; from Indiana. Bunch medium,
shouldered; berry large, white; juicy, vinous, not very sweet; ripens
about with Isabella.
=Ursula.= (Lab.) According to Mitzky, 1893, "produced by T. Huber, Sr.,
Illinois. Bunch small, compact; berries small, white; flesh melting,
juicy and sweet; fine quality; vigorous grower; ripens with Concord."
=Valencia.= Grown by Munson from seed secured in South Spain, near
Valencia. Described by the originator as vigorous, short-jointed;
healthy, a light cropper; cluster small, shouldered, very compact; berry
small, brownish-red; pulp melting, juicy, very sweet and fine. Munson
gives the species as Bourquiniana.
=Valentine.= _August Isabella._ Mentioned by Prince in _Gardener's
Monthly_ for 1863.
=Valhallah.= (Lab. Cand. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson, about 1902; a
hybrid of Elvicand and Brilliant. Described by the originator as a very
vigorous, drouth-enduring, prolific vine; cluster medium; berry large,
bright clear red; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender, nearly equaling
Brilliant in quality; ripens about with Concord.
=Valverde.= (Champ. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson; a seedling of De
Grasset fertilized with Brilliant. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large;
ripens mid-season in Texas.
=Van Deman.= (Linc. Lab. Vin.) From Texas; a cross of Lincecumii and
Triumph. Vigorous; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; berry medium,
black; poor to good; ripens about two weeks after Catawba.
=Vanderburgh.= Noted in _Record of Horticulture_ for 1868 as a new and
promising variety from Lansingburg, New York; not yet sent out.
=Venango.= (Lab.) _Minor's Seedling._ According to Buchanan (Mss.), an
old variety, said to have been cultivated by the French at Fort Venango,
on Allegheny River, over a century ago. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy
and usually productive; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; sometimes
shouldered; berries medium, round or sometimes flattened by compactness;
skin thick and tough, pale red with white bloom; flesh sweet, aromatic;
pulpy and foxy; ripens about with Concord.
=Vermont.= Listed by Prince in _Gardener's Monthly_, 1863, as a
worthless sort.
=Vermont Giant.= (Lab.) From C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vermont. Noted
in the _Western New York Horticultural Society Report_, 1882, as a
black, very pulpy grape with poor flavor.
=Vermorel.= (Champ.) A wild variety of _Vitis champini_ from Williamson
County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small with
medium-sized black berry; early.
=Vesta.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw,
Michigan. Vigorous, hardy, productive; stamens upright; bunches medium
to large, long, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, round,
greenish-white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, rich; very
good; about a week later than Concord.
=Viala.= (Champ.) A wild variety of _Vitis champini_, from Coryell
County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small; berry
medium, black; early.
=Vialla.= (Rip.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1883, "a
Franco-American variety, recommended as a grafting stock; resembles the
Franklin and is by some supposed to be the same variety; others contend
that it is distinct from and superior to Franklin."
=Victoria.= Origin unknown. Moderately vigorous, open, healthy; bunch
very small, short and thick; berry large, round, dark purple, scarcely
black, with thin bloom; skin tender; pulp tender but stringy, juicy,
mild acid, without decided character; poor; about a week later than
Concord.
=Victoria.= (Lab.) _Ray's Victoria._ Introduced in 1872 by M. M.
Samuels, of Clinton, Kentucky. Vigorous, healthy, and productive; bunch
medium; berry medium, round, amber color; skin thin; pulp tender, sweet
and of high flavor; very good; resembles Venango.
=Vine Arbor.= Mentioned in the _United States Patent Office Report_,
1845, as being grown at Brinkleyville, Halifax County, North Carolina,
at that time. So called on account of its very large leaf and extended
growth, consequently adapted for arbors.
=Vinita.= (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Herbemont;
from Munson, about 1885. Very vigorous, productive; stamens erect; bunch
large, conical, shouldered, compact; berries small to medium, purple;
skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, melting; "best"; very late.
=Vinrouge.= (Lab. Aest. Vin. Bourq. Rup. Linc.) From a cross between
America and Laura; by Munson about 1894. Vigorous, healthy; stamens
erect; bunch large; berry medium; black; early.
=Virginia.= Noted by Buchanan, 1852, as a grape raised and exhibited by
N. Longworth in 1846.
=Vivie Hybrid.= _Vivie's Hartford._ According to _Bushberg Catalogue_,
1883, "produced by M. Vivie in France, and by some called Vivie's
Hartford. Of very vigorous growth, very productive and its grape of good
quality making a very good wine."
=Waddel.= (Lab.) Noted in the _United States Department of Agriculture
Report_ for 1893. Found in the woods of Highland County, Ohio, about
1863, by John F. Waddel. Productive and hardy; cluster medium, heavily
shouldered, moderately compact; berry oval, medium to large, persistent;
skin thick, tender, dark purple or black with heavy blue bloom; pulp
translucent, tender, melting, very juicy, mildly sweet, rich, pleasant
with slightly musky aroma; good to very good; season September 20-30th
in Ohio.
=Waldo Seedling.= (Lab.) A chance seedling found on the farm of J. B.
Waldo, Johnsville, Dutchess County, New York, about 1881. Of medium
vigor, healthy, hardy, productive; clusters as large or larger than
Concord, often nearly double, somewhat loose; berries large, black with
abundant blue bloom; skin variable in thickness, tender; pulp moderately
sweet, juicy, slightly foxy with Concord flavor; good; ripens a little
before Moore Early. Resembles Concord closely.
=Wales.= (Lab.) A seedling having a medium-sized bunch, exhibited by E.
W. Bull at the meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in
1874.
=Waneta.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with
Brilliant; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with
large red berry; equal to Brighton in flavor; late.
=Warmita.= (Linc. Rup. Lab.) From a cross between America and Beacon; by
Munson, about 1896. Healthy and vigorous; stamens erect; bunch and berry
large, black; ripens mid-season.
=Warren.= Supposed by some to be identical with Herbemont but claimed to
be distinct by others. The original vine grew near Warrenton in Warren
County, Georgia.
=Washington.= Noted by Warder in 1867. From New York. Early, black.
=Washita.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor
Ireland; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with
large, black berry, equal to Concord in flavor; early.
=Washita.= A white grape from Arkansas; on trial in the government
experimental gardens in 1859.
=Waterloo.= _Rock House Indian._ A native grape from Illinois, grown by
F. Muench. Vigorous and a good bearer; cluster and berry small.
=Watertown.= From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. According to
Mitzky, 1893, a good grower; bunch medium, sometimes shouldered; berry
medium, slightly oblong, white; sweet; fine quality.
=Watova.= (Lab. Rip. Vin. Aest.) A cross between Gold Coin and Rommel;
from Munson, in 1899. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large, yellow;
late.
=Waubeck.= (Linc. Lab. Aest.) A seedling of _Jaeger No. 43_ fertilized
with Laussel; from Munson, about 1893. Stamens erect; bunch large; berry
medium, black, equal to Concord in flavor; very late.
=Waverly.= (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Clinton and one of the
Muscats; from Jas. H. Ricketts, about 1870. Usually vigorous and
productive, hardy, healthy; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berry
medium, round to oval, black with blue bloom; pulp tender, juicy, sweet,
vinous; good; ripens with Brighton.
=W. B. Munson.= (Linc. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Post-oak No. 3, crossed
with Triumph; from Munson, about 1887. Vigorous, very productive,
subject to mildew in the South; stamens erect; bunch medium or sometimes
large, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, round,
black, persistent; pulp juicy, melting, sprightly; very good; late.
=Webb Grape.= Mentioned by Prince in 1830. Discovered by Samuel Webb, of
Philadelphia, near Woodbury, Pennsylvania. Berries large, black.
=Weeks Seedling.= Mentioned in the _American Horticultural Annual_,
1871. Raised by Dr. Cyrus Weeks, of Bellville, New Jersey. Medium bunch
and berry; very sweet; pleasant flavor.
=Wells.= (Lab.) _Wells' Seedling._ Originated in Ohio where it was
discovered by a Mr. Wells about 1882. Vigorous, healthy, very
productive; clusters large, cylindrical, shouldered, moderately compact;
berries large, bronze or wine-colored, oval; pulp tender, mild, very
juicy with a peculiar musky flavor and foxy aroma; fair quality; ripens
about two weeks after Concord.
=Western Beauty.= Grown from mixed seed by E. P. Fisher, Sterling,
Kansas, about 1904. Described by the originator as a black or purple
grape of superior quality, better than Concord, a stronger grower than
that variety and perfectly hardy; ripens about with Catawba.
=Wetumka.= (Lab. Aest. Rip. Bourq.) From a cross by Munson between One
Seed and Gold Coin, about 1893. Of medium vigor, healthy, productive;
stamens erect; clusters medium, ovate, moderately compact, sometimes
shouldered; berries large, globular, yellowish-green; pulp juicy,
tender; good; ripens after Concord.
=Wewoka.= (Linc. Rup. Lab.) Produced by Munson, about 1893, by crossing
America with Beacon. Stamens reflexed; bunch very large; berry large,
black; late.
=Wheaton.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John C.
Wheaton, of Dansville, New York, in 1873. Rather weak grower, hardy,
variable in productiveness; tendrils irregularly continuous; foliage not
very healthy; stamens upright; flowers nearly fertile; clusters medium
to small, much like Delaware, cylindrical, nearly compact, sometimes
shouldered; berries small, roundish, light green with yellow tinge, with
thin gray bloom; pulp tender, nearly sweet; good; ripens about with
Delaware.
=White Ann Arbor.= (Lab.) _Ann Arbor._ A seedling of Concord; raised by
Chas. H. Woodruff, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1870. Of medium vigor,
very hardy, moderately productive; bunch and berry large, white with
white bloom; pulp tough, sweet; good; ripens about two weeks before
Concord.
=White Beauty.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman
of Kansas. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and very productive; bunch
large, long, shouldered, compact; berries medium size, white; pulp
tender, sprightly, rich, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord and
will hang until frost.
=White Cape.= (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, similar to
Alexander except that it is greenish-white in color.
=White Catawba.= (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Catawba; raised by John E.
Mottier, of Ohio, about 1849. Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large,
round, greenish; pulpy, foxy.
=White Clinton.= _White Delaware._ Mentioned in the _United States
Department of Agriculture Report_ for 1864, as being a hardy and
vigorous vine with a small white grape, insipid and worthless.
=White Cloud.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman,
of Kansas. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; clusters large,
long, compact; berries large, white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender,
juicy, rich, sprightly, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord.
=White Delaware.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware,
Ohio. Lacking in size and productiveness as compared with its parent;
resembles Delaware in form of bunch and berry, compact and shouldered;
greenish-white with thin white bloom; early.
=White Delaware.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_,
1894, from Hermann Jaeger, of Neosho, Missouri; bunch and berries
closely resemble the Delaware in shape and size but it has some Labrusca
characteristics.
=White Delaware.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Produced by Jacob Rommel of
Morrison, Missouri. Described by Mitzky, 1893, as healthy, moderate
grower, very productive; bunch medium, compact, shouldered; berry
medium, white with white bloom; skin tough; without pulp, very sweet,
pure flavor, delicious; ripens with Concord.
=White Delaware.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) From C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New
York. Described in _Massachusetts Horticultural Society Report_, 1880,
as having a small bunch, exceedingly compact; berries very small, round,
green with an amber tint in the sun, thin bloom; skin very thick; sweet
with not much pulp but pretty hard.
White Delaware seedlings have also been produced by John Burr, J.
Sacksteder, Dr. J. Stayman, D. B. Woodbury and others.
=White Elizabeth.= _Hart's White_; _White Isabella_. Listed by Prince in
_Gardener's Monthly_ for 1863.
=White English.= Mentioned in the _United States Patent Office Report_
for 1845 as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.
=Whitehall.= (Lab.) Supposed to be a chance seedling from Geo. Goodale,
of Whitehall, Washington County, New York; first fruited in 1870. Of
medium vigor, not very productive, comparatively healthy; stamens
reflexed; clusters large, moderately compact, shouldered; berry medium,
dark purple or nearly black with thin bloom; pulp tender, melting and
sweet; ripens about with Hartford.
=White Jewel.= (Rip. Lab.) _Burr's No. 19._ A seedling of Elvira;
supposed to be from John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy
and very productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, long, compact; berry
medium, round, white with abundant bloom; skin thin, rather tender; pulp
very juicy, tender, sweet, sprightly, very good; ripens about with Moore
Early.
=White Mountain.= From Connecticut; very early.
=White Muscadine.= Mentioned in the _United States Patent Office
Report_, 1862, in a list of grapes that do well as far north as
Burlington, Vermont.
=White Musk.= (Lab. Vin.) According to Fuller, 1867, a hybrid from Jacob
Moore, of Rochester, New York. Vine resembles Sweetwater but does not
require protection; of medium size with insipid flavor.
=White Northern Muscat.= (Vin. Lab.) _Culinary Grape_; _White's Northern
Muscadine_. A seedling of Brighton fertilized with Muscat; from W. T.
White, Troy, Ohio, about 1889. Vigorous, tender, moderately productive;
stamens upright; bunch medium size, compact; berries large, nearly
round, brownish-green or amber color; skin thick, tough; pulp large,
tender, juicy, sweet; high flavor; about ten days earlier than Concord.
=White Norton.= (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from F.
Langendoerfer, Hermann, Missouri. Noted in _Missouri Horticultural
Society Report_, 1883, as a slow grower, moderately productive, very
hardy; smaller than its parent, of a golden yellow color and a few days
earlier.
=White Norton.= (Aest. Lab.) _White Virginia Seedling._ Another Norton
seedling, probably crossed with some Labrusca; produced by J. Balziger,
Highland, Illinois. Strong, hardy; healthy and vigorous; fruit similar
to Elvira but better in quality; very late; shows some Labrusca blood.
=White Rose.= Received at this Station for testing in 1906 from Miss R.
R. Short, Clifton Springs, New York.
=White Sugar.= W. R. Prince in _Gardener's Monthly_ for 1863, mentions
this variety as a worthless Labrusca.
=White Tennessee.= According to _Grape Culturist_, 1871, grown by W.
Valiant, of Clarksville, Tennessee, and known by him for about fifty
years. Hardy, productive and free from disease.
=White Ulster.= (Lab. Vin.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894, an
amateur variety, raised by A. J. Caywood from a seedling of Ulster
crossed with White Concord.
=Wilcox.= Mentioned in the _United States Patent Office Report_, 1845,
as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.
=Wilding.= (Rip. Lab.) A seedling found by Jacob Rommel, Morrison,
Missouri. Vigorous, hardy and healthy, moderately productive; stamens
reflexed; bunch medium, loose, shouldered; berry medium, round, pale
green, almost transparent; skin very thin, and tender; no pulp, juicy,
very sweet; very good; ripens with Concord.
=Wilkins Seedling.= (Lab.) From O. Fitzalwyn Wilkins, Bridgeburgh,
Ontario, about 1895. Described in the _Canadian Horticulturist_, 1898,
as follows: Bunch of good size and form; berries white, round, of medium
size; skin thin and tender; pulp tender and separates readily from the
seeds; flavor agreeable, somewhat foxy, but much sweeter and pleasanter
than Concord; early.
=Willard.= (Lab.) From E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas; received at this
Station for testing in 1905. Described by originator as a vigorous,
short-jointed grower, perfectly hardy, sometimes mildews; bunch a little
smaller than Concord, compact; berry nearly large, round, red; sweet,
without any foxiness; lacks vigor here; tendrils continuous or sometimes
intermittent.
=Williamson.= (Cand.) A wild variety of Candicans from Williamson
County, Texas; collected by T. V. Munson. Stamens reflexed; small bunch
with very large, black berry; early.
=Williamsport.= Noted in the _Magazine of Horticulture_, 1860, as a new
variety originated on the mountain near Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Perfectly hardy, and very prolific.
=William Wine.= (Lab. Aest.) Mentioned by S. J. Parker in the _United
States Department of Agriculture Report_ for 1864. Cluster small with
long peduncle; berry large, round, having "the fox grape perfume mingled
with that of a rose."
=Willie.= (Lab.) Said to be a seedling of Northern Muscadine crossed
with Concord; from L. C. Chisholm, Spring Hill, Tennessee. Vigorous,
rampant grower, healthy and very productive; fruit larger than Concord,
shouldered, very showy; black with white bloom; pulp vinous and
sprightly, no foxiness; excellent wine grape; ripens with or a few days
later than Concord.
=Willis.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from Willis W.
Jones, Camargo, Illinois, about 1865. Usually vigorous, as hardy as
Concord, healthy, generally quite productive; bunch medium, compact,
shouldered, in shape like the Delaware; berry medium, round, pale green
or amber-yellow with a slight bloom; pulp tender, very juicy, slightly
vinous, sweet, foxy; good; early.
=Willis Fredonia.= _Guernsey Grape_; _Jersey Grape_. Origin unknown;
grown by John Willis, of Maryland. According to Prince, 1830, a vigorous
rampant grower, healthy, very productive; fruit black and pleasant for
the table.
=Willis Large Black.= _Great Black Muscadine._ An old variety mentioned
by Prince in 1830, who says, "according to a traditional account of the
Southern Indians, this vine and the White Scuppernong have been in
bearing among them for more than five hundred years." Very vigorous;
berries very large; foxy.
=Wilmington.= (Lab. Vin.) _Wilmington White._ Originated with a Mr.
Jeffries, near Wilmington, Delaware, about 1856. Very vigorous, hardy,
productive; bunches large, loose, shouldered; berries large, roundish or
inclining to oval, greenish-white; tender and not pulpy, sweet and
pleasant when properly ripened but requires a long southern season;
late.
=Winchester.= (Lab. Vin.) _Brackett's Seedling_; _Brackett's
Winchester_. A seedling of Union Village; from E. A. Brackett,
Winchester, Massachusetts, first fruited in 1858. Vigorous, hardy; bunch
large; berry large, round, black, heavy bloom; juicy, sweet, vinous;
resembles parent but ripens a week earlier.
=Windsor.= Noted by Prince in 1830. Found growing wild twelve miles
north of Baltimore, at Windsor, on the plantation of George Fitzhugh.
Very luxuriant and productive; clusters large and long; berries round,
blue, juicy.
=Winedrop.= (Linc. Bourq.) A cross between Post-oak No. 1 and Herbemont
by Munson, in 1884. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with small, dark red
berry; late.
=Wine House.= Noted in _United States Patent Office Report_, 1854. Found
growing spontaneously in the vineyard of Frederick Muench. Sweet and
aromatic; not very juicy.
=Wine King.= (Aest. Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of Winona crossed with
America; from Munson, in 1898. Very vigorous, prolific, healthy; stamens
erect; cluster large, compact; berry medium, black with blue bloom; very
little pulp, tender, very juicy, vinous, rich and sprightly; good.
=Winona.= (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from Munson, about 1895.
Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, loose, conical;
berries small to medium, black; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender,
good; about a week earlier than Norton.
=Winslow.= (Rip.?) A seedling raised by Charles Winslow, of Cleveland,
Ohio, about 1857. Hardy and productive; bunch medium, long, compact;
berries small, round, black; pulp vinous and juicy; resembles Clinton
but is less acid; very early.
=Winter Wine.= (Simp. Linc. Bourq.) A cross between _Vitis simpsoni_ and
Marguerite by Munson in 1898. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with
medium-sized black berry; "extra late."
=Witt.= (Lab.) A white seedling of Concord; from Michael Witt, of
Columbus, Ohio, about 1880. Not very vigorous, hardy, moderately
healthy, very productive; clusters medium to large, conical, moderately
compact, sometimes shouldered; berries variable in size, usually large,
roundish, greenish-white or pale yellow with thin whitish bloom; pulp
tender, juicy, vinous, sweet; good; ripens with Concord or a little
before.
=Woodbury.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) _Woodbury White._ A seedling of Delaware
from D. B. Woodbury, Paris, Maine, about 1891. Described in _Bushberg
Catalogue_, 1894, as resembling Delaware in growth and foliage; bunch
medium, compact; berry larger than Delaware, slightly oblong,
greenish-white with fine bloom; skin thin, yet tough, almost
transparent; juicy, sweet, good; ripens two weeks before Concord; a very
good keeper.
=Woodbury.= Mentioned in the _United States Department of Agriculture
Report_ for 1863, as being on trial in the government experimental
garden.
=Woodcock Seedling.= Exhibited by H. Woodcock at the Western New York
Horticultural Society meeting in 1887. A large red grape, of very good
quality; ripens with Delaware.
=Woodford.= On trial in the United States Department of Agriculture
experimental vineyard in 1860. Vigorous; purple; pulpy, juicy, sweet.
=Woodriver.= According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1883, originated near
Woodriver, Washington County, Rhode Island, by a Mr. Brown. White, very
early, fine quality.
=Woodson.= From Prince Edward County, Virginia, previous to 1830. Bunch
medium, very compact; berry medium red; no pulp, rich; good for table
and wine; later than Cunningham.
=Wyman.= (Lab. Vin.) _Wyman's Seedling._ Exhibited by Joseph Breck in
1854 at a session of the fruit committee of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society. Said to be a seedling of Catawba; berries large,
sweet and free of pulp; ripens with or before Isabella.
=Wynant.= (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, a chance seedling grown
by D. W. Babcock, Dansville, New York; almost identical with Dutchess.
=Wyoming.= Noted in the _United States Patent Office Report_, 1860.
Vigorous; black; juicy, somewhat pulpy.
=Wylie's Seedlings.= Unnamed seedlings of Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester,
South Carolina:
_No. 4._ A cross between two hybrids. Described by originator in
_Bushberg Catalogue_, 1883, as bunch somewhat larger than Lenoir; berry
medium, of a clear transparent golden color; finest texture and flavor,
resembles White Frontignan; ripens as early as Concord.
_Concord and Foreign No. 8._ (Vin. Lab.) Seedling of Concord and Bowood
Muscat. Strong grower; foliage Labrusca; cluster very large, loose;
berry very large, black, of foreign texture; skin thick; ripens with
Catawba.
_Delaware and Concord No. 1._ (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Very hardy with
Labrusca foliage; a great bearer; bunch and berry medium; skin thick,
dark red; juicy, rich and sweet, slightly musky.
_Halifax and Delaware No. 30._ (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) The same color as
Delaware with bunch of same size and berries one half larger; texture
and flavor also much like Delaware; generally more healthy than that
variety; a great bearer.
_Halifax and Delaware No. 38._ (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Hardy and healthy with
Labrusca foliage, not so strong a grower as _No. 30_; dark red in color
with purple bloom and superior to _No. 30_ in flavor.
_Halifax and Delaware No. 49._ (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A black grape of high
vinous flavor.
_Halifax and Delaware No. 55._ (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Bunch medium, long,
shouldered; berries large, dark blue or purple with a purple bloom;
flesh tender, juicy, very sweet, sprightly, high flavored; best.
_Halifax and Hamburg No. 11._ (Vin. Lab.) Very productive and healthy;
bunch medium; berry medium, black, with thick skin.
_Hybrid Scuppernong No. 4._ (Rot.) Exhibited at the American Pomological
Society in 1877. Healthy, very productive; bunches medium, compact;
berry round, greenish-white; pulp nearly melting, very juicy, sprightly,
vinous, with a musky aroma; good.
_Hybrid Scuppernong No. 5._ (Rot. Vin.) Parentage, Bland Madeira and
Foreign No. 1, crossed with a staminate hybrid Scuppernong produced by
impregnating Black Hamburg with Scuppernong. Healthy and hardy; bunch
medium; berries large, white, transparent with thin tough skin; almost
pulpless, rich, sweet, with a peculiar flavor; as early as Concord.
=Xenia.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delaware, Goethe and Triumph;
from Munson. Vigorous; cluster medium, compact; berry very large, white;
skin thin and tough; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly, high flavor; best;
very late, with Fern Munson or just before.
=Xlnta.= (Linc. Rup. Vin. Lab.). One of Munson's seedlings; America
fertilized with R. W. Munson. Vigorous, hardy in Southern States;
stamens reflexed; cluster large, cylindrical, shouldered, fairly
compact; berries medium to large, globular, black, with little bloom;
skin thin; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly; season with or later than
Concord.
=Yoakum.= (Bourq.) According to _Bushberg Catalogue_, 1894, "resembling
the Herbemont, its juice is of deeper color, its foliage is more deeply
lobed, but otherwise much inferior; ripening unevenly and being less
productive."
=Yomago.= (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between Delago and Brilliant, by
Munson, about 1894. As grown at this Station, a weak grower, not hardy,
variable in productiveness; flowers fertile, bloom late; stamens
upright; clusters large, usually single-shouldered, compact; berries
large, roundish, black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom; skin thin
and tender; flesh pale green, tender, spicy, sweet with Post-oak flavor;
fair to good; it is doubtful if it will ripen in this locality.
=Yonkers.= (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from J. W. Gray, Atwood, Illinois.
Hardy, not a strong grower; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berries
large, round, light green; sweet; good; ripens a little before Concord.
=York Claret.= (Lab.) According to Prince, 1830, a native cultivated
near York, Pennsylvania, where it is much esteemed for wine. Bunches and
berries smaller than those of Alexander; without pulp, very juicy,
sweet.
=York Lisbon.= (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Prince in 1830. Grown around York,
Pennsylvania. Resembles Alexander but larger and a little elongated and
the pulp is more acid; coarse, pulpy and foxy; some consider it
identical with Alexander.
=York Madeira.= (Lab. Vin.?) _Baldwin's Early; Black German; Canby's
August; German Wine; Large German; Marion Port; Monteith; Shepherd's
Port Wine; Small German; Tryon; Wolfe._ An old variety of Isabella type,
originated at York, Pennsylvania. Vigorous, generally hardy, productive;
cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, inclining
to oval, black; pulp juicy, sweet, somewhat vinous, pleasant; ripens
with Isabella or before. Some consider Marion (II) identical with this
variety.
=Young America.= (Lab.) Raised by Samuel Miller, of Calmdale,
Pennsylvania, about 1860. A seedling of Concord and resembling its
parent in color and shape but three weeks later.
=Zane.= From a Mr. Zane, Wheeling, West Virginia; found by him growing
wild on Wheeling Island. Berry medium, red.
=Zelia.= (Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Telegraph crossed with Black Hamburg;
from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Medium in vigor, productive,
quite hardy; leaves five-lobed, some indistinctly so, dull green;
cluster large, compact; berry very large, black; skin thin, fine bloom;
pulp tender, rich, sweet, aromatic; season earlier than Concord.
=Zinnia.= (Lab.) Origin unknown. Cluster large, loose, shouldered; berry
medium, round, black with a rich bloom.
=Zita.= (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John Sacksteder,
Leavenworth, Crawford County, Indiana. Vigorous, productive, healthy;
cluster above medium; berry medium, round, yellow.
=Zoe.= Mentioned by Campbell in _Garden and Forest_, 1890, as a northern
grape attaining its best quality in long seasons.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED
In the standard works listed below, the date of copyright has been
preferred to that of the title page although where there are several
editions from the same copyright they are given, so far as our knowledge
permits. This is thought to be more just to the writers as the copyright
date is usually a better indication of the time when the book was
written than the date of publication. An effort has been made to present
a complete bibliography of grape literature in the United States
including many books which, owing to their nature, have been of no use
in the preparation of this work. In addition there are given all
agricultural works and periodicals to which references will be found in
the preceding pages. Reports and bulletins of experiment stations and
reports of horticultural societies are not included as in each case the
abbreviation used is standard and sufficiently full for ready
recognition. Only such European works have been included as were found
useful in preparing the volume.
Adlum A Memoir on the Cultivation of the Vine in America and the
Best Mode of Making Wine. By John Adlum. Washington: 1823. Second
edition, 1828.
Allen A Practical Treatise on the Culture and Treatment of the
Grape Vine, etc. By J. Fisk Allen. Second edition, Boston: 1848.
Third edition, 1853.
Amer. Farmer The American Farmer. Baltimore: 1819-1832.
Amer. Gard. The American Garden. 1888-1891. American Gardening, New
York: 1892-1904. (The American Garden and Popular Gardening were
combined in 1892 to form American Gardening.)
Am. Hort. An. American Horticultural Annual. A Year Book of
Horticultural Progress, etc. New York: 1867-1871.
Am. Jour. Hort. The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist's
Companion. Name changed in 1869 to Tilton's Journal of Horticulture
and Florist's Companion. Boston: 1867-1871.
Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. American Pomological Society Report. Issued
usually biennially from 1852 to date.
Andrae A Guide to the Cultivation of the Grape Vine in Texas, and
Instructions for Wine-Making. By E. H. Andrae. Dallas, Texas:
1890.
An. Hort. Annals of Horticulture in North America. A Witness of
Passing Events and a Record of Progress. By L. H. Bailey. New York:
1889-1893. (Appearing annually.)
Antill An Essay on the Cultivation of the Vine, etc. By Edward
Antill. (Appearing in Transactions American Philosophical Society.)
Philadelphia: 1771.
Bailey American Grape Training; An Account of the Leading Forms Now
in Use of Training the American Grapes. By L. H. Bailey. New York:
1893.
Barry The Fruit Garden; A Treatise, etc. By P. Barry. New York:
1851. Revised edition (Barry's Fruit Garden), New York: 1872.
Revised edition (Barry's Fruit Garden), New York: 1883.
Bolling Sketch of Vine Culture. By Robert Bolling. (Never printed
but several manuscript copies were circulated during the latter
half of the 18th century. Extracts were published in several
periodicals.)
Bright Bright's Single Stem Dwarf and Renewal System of Grape
Culture, etc. By William Bright. New York: 1860. Second edition,
New York: 1861. (Same copyright date as first edition.)
Buchanan The Culture of the Grape and Wine-Making. By Robert
Buchanan. Cincinnati: 1852-1860 or later. (Eight editions or more.)
Budd-Hansen American Horticultural Manual, etc. By J. L. Budd and
N. E. Hansen. New York and London: 1903.
Busby Journal of a Recent Visit to the Principal Vineyards of Spain
and France, etc. By James Busby, Esq. New York and Boston: 1835.
Bush. Cat. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of American Grape
Vines, etc. By Bush and Son and Meissner. Third edition, St. Louis:
1883. Fourth edition same, St. Louis: 1894.
Can. Hort. Canadian Horticulturist. Toronto: 1878 to date.
Chorlton The Cold Grapery, from Direct American Practice, etc. By
Wm. Chorlton. New York: 1853.
Chorlton The American Grape Growers' Guide, etc. By Wm. Chorlton.
Many editions. With the exception of a final chapter added to the
later editions there are no revisions. New York: 1852-1883.
Cole The American Fruit Book, etc. By S. W. Cole. Boston and New
York: 1849.
Cope Physiography in its Application to Grape Culture. An essay in
Saunders' "Both Sides of the Grape Question".
De Berneaud The Vine-Dresser's Theoretical and Practical Manual,
etc. By Thiebaut de Berneaud. (Translated from the French.) New
York: 1829.
Denniston Grape Culture in Steuben County, New York. By G.
Denniston. Albany: 1865. (In New York Agricultural Society Report,
and also as a separate.)
Dom. Enc. The Domestic Encyclopedia; or a Dictionary of Facts, etc.
By A. F. M. Willich. First American edition with additions by James
Mease. In five volumes. (The fifth volume contains an article on
grapes by William Bartram and James Mease.) Philadelphia: 1804.
Downing The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. By A. J. Downing,
1845. Second edition, same text, with colored plates, 1847. First
revision, by Charles Downing, 1857. Second revision, 1869. First
appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix, 1881.
Du Breuil The Thomery System of Grape Culture. (A translation from
the French.) New York: No date.
Du Breuil Vineyard Culture, etc. By A. Du Breuil. Translated (from
the French) by E. & C. Parker, with notes and adaptations by John
A. Warder. Cincinnati: 1867.
Dufour The American Vine-Dresser's Guide, etc. By John James
Dufour. Cincinnati: 1826.
Eisen The Raisin Industry, etc. By Gustav Eisen. San Francisco:
1890.
Elliott Elliott's Fruit Book, or the American Fruit Growers' Guide,
etc. By F. R. Elliott. New York: 1854. Revised edition (same),
1859.
Ev. of Nat. Fruits Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. By
L. H. Bailey. New York: 1898.
Fisher Observations on the Character and Culture of the European
Vine, etc. By S. I. Fisher. Philadelphia: 1834.
Flagg Three Seasons in European Vineyards, etc. By Wm. J. Flagg.
New York: 1869.
Floy-Lind. Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden, etc. By George
Lindley; edited by John Lindley. American edition with notes and
additions by Michael Floy. New York: 1833.
Fuller The Grape Culturist; a Treatise, etc. By Andrew S. Fuller.
New York: 1864. Same, new and enlarged edition, New York: 1867.
Same, new revised and enlarged edition, New York: 1894.
Gard. Chron. Gardener's Chronicle, etc. London: 1841 to date.
Gar. Mon. Gardener's Monthly, etc. Thomas Meehan, editor.
Philadelphia: 1859-1887.
Goessman Contribution to the Chemistry of the American Grape Vine.
By C. A. Goessman. In Proceedings American Chemical Society, volume
2, and also as separate.
Grape Cult. The Grape Culturist, a Monthly Journal, etc. George
Husmann, editor. St. Louis: 1869-1871.
Grant Manual of the Vine. By C. W. Grant, Iona, N. Y.: 1864.
Haraszthy Grape Culture, Wines and Wine-Making, etc. By A.
Haraszthy. New York: 1862.
Haskell An Account of Various Experiments for the Production of New
and Desirable Grapes. Ipswich, Mass.: 1877.
Hoare A Practical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Grape Vine on
Open Walls. By Clement Hoare. Boston: 1837. Same, Boston: 1840.
Same, Boston: 1845. Same, New York: 1847.
Hofer Grape Growing. A Simple Treatise on the Single Pole System,
etc. By A. F. Hofer. New York: 1878.
Hooper Hooper's Western Fruit Book, etc. By E. J. Hooper.
Cincinnati: 1857.
Horticola The pseudonym of Dr. Charles Siedhof who translated and
added notes to Mohr's "The Grape Vine," etc.
Horticulturist The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and
Rural Taste. Albany, Philadelphia and New York: 1846-1875.
Husmann The Cultivation of the Native Grape and Manufacture of
American Wines. By George Husmann. New York: 1866.
Husmann American Grape Growing and Wine Making. By George Husmann.
Fourth edition, New York: 1895.
Hyatt Hyatt's Handbook of Grape Culture, etc. By T. Hart Hyatt. San
Francisco: 1867.
Johnson Rural Economy, etc. By S. W. Johnson. New York: 1806.
Keech The Grape Growers' Guide. By J. Keech. Waterloo, N. Y.: 1869.
Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. A Catalog of the Fruits Cultivated in the
Garden of the Horticultural Society of London. First edition,
London: 1826. Same, second edition, 1831.
Longworth The Cultivation of the Grape and Manufacture of Wine. By
N. Longworth. Cincinnati: 1846.
Loubat The American Vine Dresser's Guide. By Alphonse Loubat. New
York: 1827. Same, 1872.
McMahon The American Gardener's Calendar, etc. By Bernard McMahon.
Philadelphia: 1806.
McMinn A Contribution to the Classification of the Species and
Varieties of the Grape Vine. By J. M. McMinn. (An essay appearing
in Saunders' "Both Sides of the Grape Question.")
McMurtrie Report upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine
Production in the United States for 1880. By Wm. McMurtrie, United
States Department of Agriculture. Washington: 1881.
Mag. Hort. Magazine of Horticulture. Published first two years
under name American Gardener's Magazine. C. M. Hovey, editor.
Boston: 1835-1868.
Mead An Elementary Treatise on American Grape Culture and Wine
Making. By Peter B. Mead. New York: 1867.
Mitzky Our Native Grape, etc. Published by C. Mitzky & Co.
Rochester: 1893.
Mohr The Grape Vine. A Practically Scientific Treatise on its
Management, etc. By Frederick Mohr. Translated from the German by
Horticola (Charles Siedhof). New York: 1867.
Muench School for American Grape Culture, etc. By Frederick Muench.
Translated from the German by Elizabeth H. Cutter. St. Louis: 1865.
Munson Classification and Generic Synopsis of the Wild Grapes of
North America. By T. V. Munson. United States Department of
Agriculture, Division of Pomology, Bulletin 3. Washington: 1890.
My Vineyard My Vineyard at Lakeview. By a western grape-grower (A.
N. Prentiss). New York: 1866.
Persoz New Process for the Culture of the Vine. By Persoz.
Translated by J. O. C. Barclay. New York: 1856.
Phelps The Vine: Its Culture in the United States, etc. By R. H.
Phelps. Hartford: 1855.
Phin Open Air Grape Culture, etc. By John Phin. New York: 1862.
Same, 1876.
Prince A Treatise on the Vine, etc. By William Robert Prince, aided
by William Prince. New York: 1830.
Rafinesque American Manual of the Grape Vines, etc. By C. S.
Rafinesque. Philadelphia: 1830.
Rec. of Hort. Woodward's Record of Horticulture. Edited by A. S.
Fuller. (An annual). New York: 1866-1868.
Reemelin The Vine-Dresser's Manual; An Illustrated Treatise, etc.
By Charles Reemelin. New York: 1856.
Rural N. Y. Rural New Yorker. Rochester and New York: 1850 to date.
Saunders Both Sides of the Grape Question, etc.: Three essays on
grape culture by Wm. Saunders, F. J. Cope and J. M. McMinn.
Philadelphia: 1860.
Siedhof, Charles (See Mohr.)
Sou. Agr. Southern Agriculturist, Horticulturist, etc. Charleston:
1828-1846.
Speechly A Treatise on the Culture of the Vine, etc. By William
Speechly. Dublin: 1791.
Spooner The Cultivation of American Grape Vines, etc. By Alden
Spooner. Brooklyn: 1846.
Story of the Vine The Story of the Vine. By Edward R. Emerson. New
York and London: 1901.
Strong Culture of the Grape. By W. C. Strong. Boston: 1866.
Thomas The American Fruit Culturist. By J. J. Thomas. Published at
various places. First edition, 1846; twenty-first edition, 1903.
Tomes The Champagne Country. By Robert Tomes. New York: 1867.
Traité gen. de vit. Traité general de viticulture, etc. Published
under the direction of P. Viala and V. Vermorel assisted by many
others. In six volumes. Paris: 1903.
Tryon A Practical Treatise on Grape Culture, etc. By J. H. Tryon.
Willoughby, Ohio: 1887. Same, second edition, Willoughby, Ohio:
1893.
U. S. D. A. Rpt. Reports of the United States Department of
Agriculture: 1862 to date.
U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt. Reports of the Agricultural Section of the
United States Patent Office: 1837 to 1861.
Vineyardist The Vineyardist. Penn Yan, N. Y.
Wait Wines and Vines of California, etc. By Frona Eunice Wait. San
Francisco: 1889.
Warder See Du Breuil.
West. Hort. Rev. Western Horticultural Review. J. A. Warder,
editor. Cincinnati: 1850-1853.
Woodward Woodward's Graperies and Horticultural Buildings. By Geo.
E. & F. W. Woodward. New York: 1865.
INDEX.
(Names of varieties in this index, if accepted names, appear in roman
type; if synonyms, in italics.)
Abby Clingotten, 433
Ada, 433
Adaptation, 68;
influence of air current, 71;
of altitude and latitude, 69;
of fertility, 70;
of insects and fungi, 72;
of moisture, 69, 70;
of soil, 71;
of temperature, 69
Adelaide, 433
Adelia, 433
Adeline, 433
Adirondac, 157
Adlum, John, attempt to establish an experimental farm, 45, 46;
book by, 45;
life of, 45;
quoted, 45, 46, 161;
var. found by, 449
Admirable, 433
_Admirable_ (syn. of Fern Munson), 271
_Admiral_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
Adobe, 433
_Adobe Land grape_ (syn. of _V. champini_), 124
Advance, 158
Agawam, 158
Aiken, 433
Air currents, 71
Alabama, grapes in, 20
_Alabama_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Alabama_ (syn. of Ohio (I)), 369
Albaiis, 433
Albania, 433
Albert, 433
Albino, 433
Alderton, D., var. found by, 466
Aledo, 433
Aletha, 433
Alexander, 17, 45, 50, 160
_Alexander_ (syn. of Isabella), 307
Alexander, John, var. found by, 161
Alexander, S. R., var. orig. by, 163
Alexander Winter, 163
_Alexander's_ (syn. of Alexander), 160
_Alexandria_ (syn. of Alexander), 160
Alfarata, 434
Alice (I), 164
Alice (II), 164
Alice Lee, 434
Allair, 434
Allen, John Fisk, var. orig. by, 166, 461
Allen's Hybrid 56, 57, 165
Alma, 434
Alphonse, 434
Aluwe, 434
Alvey, 434
_Alvey's Lenori_ (syn. of Lenori), 479
_Alvey's Logan_ (syn. of Logan), 481
Amadas and Barlowe, quoted, 30, 31, 51
Amalia, 434
Amanda, 434
Ambecon, 434
Amber, 434
_Amber_ (syn. of Early Amber), 455
Amber Queen, 166
Ambrosia, 167
_Amelia_ (syn. of Amalia), 434
Amerbonte, 434
America, 168
American grapes, characters of, 3, 4, 98, 103, 105;
distribution of, 26;
early history of, 26 et seq.;
resistance to disease, 6;
species of, 107
_American grape vine_ (syn. of _V. aestivalis_), 138
American Hamburg, 434
_American Muscadine_ (syn. of Scuppernong), 399
Amersion, 434
Amethyst, 169
Aminia, 170
Amonta, 435
_Amoreaux_ (syn. of Louisiana), 331
_Amoreux_ (syn. of Rulander), 508
Amos, 435
Amy, 435
Andover, 435
Anida, 435
Anna, 435
_Ann Arbor_ (syn. of White Ann Arbor), 523
Annie M., 435
Anthracnose, 87
Antill, Edward, essay by, 15, 40;
quoted, 41
Antoinette, 171
Anuta, 435
Arbeka, 435
Archer, 435
_Archer_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
Archer, Ellis S., var. orig. by, 435
_Arcott_ (syn. of Cassady), 445
Ariadne, 435
_Arizona grape_ (syn. of _V. arizonica_), 133
_Arizonensis_ (syn. of _V. arizonica_), 133
Arkansas, grapes in, 54
_Arkansas_ (syn. of Catawba), 204
_Arkansas_ (syn. of Cynthiana), 228
_Arkansas_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 109
Arkansaw, 435
Armalaga, 435
Armbrilong, 435
Armlong, 435
Arnold, Charles, life of, 200;
var. orig. by, 174, 190, 200, 375, 450
_Arnold's Hybrid No. 1_ (syn. of Othello), 374
_Arnold's No. 2_ (syn. of Cornucopia), 450
_Arnold's No. 5_ (syn. of Autuchon), 173
_Arnold's No. 8_ (syn. of Brant), 190
_Arnold's No. 16_ (syn. of Canada), 199
_Arnott_ (syn. of Cassady), 445
Aroma, 435
Arrold, 436
_Arrott_ (syn. of Cassady), 445
Arthur, J. S., var. found by, 500
_Ash_ (syn. of Ironclad), 306
_Ash-leaved grape_ (syn. of _V. cinerea_), 131
_Ashy grape_ (syn. of _V. cinerea_), 131
_Asiatic Wine grape_ (syn. of _V. vinifera_), 154
Atavite, 436
Atoka, 436
Auburn Pearl, 436
Aughwick, 436
August Coral, 436
August Giant, 172
_August Isabella_ (syn. of Valentine), 519
August Pioneer, 436
Augusta, 436
Augustina, 436
_Australian_ (syn. of Huntingdon), 471
Australis, 436
Auteonello, 436
Autuchon, 173
Avery, John P., var. orig. by, 436
Avery, Seth, var. orig. by, 462
Avery Prolific, 436
Avilla, 436
Ayres, E. J., var. orig. by, 436
Ayres Pride, 436
Azure, 436
Babcock, D. W., var. orig. by, 527
Bacchus, 174
Bachman, Joseph, var. orig. by, 177, 406, 515
Badart, 437
Bailey, 176
Bailey, L. H., cited, 106, 121, 149;
life of, 142;
quoted, 4, 112, 133, 144;
work on Vitis by, 101;
writings of, 142
Bailey Prolific, 437
Bailie, 437
Bailie, Samuel, var. orig. by, 437
Baker, 437
Baldwin Lenoir, 437
_Baldwin's Early_ (syn. of York Madeira), 529
Baltimore Seedling, 437
Balziger, 437
Balziger, J., var. orig. by, 437
_Balziger's Concord Seedling No. 2_, 437
_Balziger's No. 32_, 437
Banner, 177
Barbara, 437
Bark, taxonomic value of, 105
Barnes, 437
Barnes, Parker, var. orig. by, 437
Baroness, 437
Barry, 177
Barry, Patrick, cited, 350
_Barry's No. 19_ (syn. of Rochester), 388
Bartlett, 437
Bartram, John, life of, 97
Bartram, William, cited, 161, 162;
life of, 97;
quoted, 4, 67, 139;
species compared by, 98;
works of, 97
Bashtite, H. T., var. found by, 211
Bates, 437
Bauchman Red Fox, 437
Baxter, 437
Bay State, 437
Beach, 438
Beach, Dr. Soloman, mentioned, 206
Beach, S. A., quoted, 105
_Beach grape_ (syn. of _V. longii_), 123
Beacon, 179
_Beaconsfield_ (syn. of Champion), 210
Beagle, 438
Beansville, 438
Beaufort, 438
Beauty, 180
Beauty of Minnesota, 438
Beaverdam, 438
Beeby Black, 438
Belinda, 438
Bell, 181
Bellomont, Earl of, cited, 13;
quoted, 12
Belton, 438
Belvidere, 438
Belvin, 438
Ben, 438
Ben Hur, 438
Benjamin, 438
Bentham, George, life of, 135;
works of, 135
Berckmans, 182
Berckmans, P. J., mentioned, 182
Berks, 439
Berlandier, Jean Louis, life of, 131
Berlaussel, 439
Berlin, 439
_Bermuda vine_ (syn. of _V. riparia_), 117
Bertha, 439
Bertrand, 183
Bessey, C. E., cited, 106
Beta, 439
Bettina, 439
Beverly, Robert, quoted, 8, 33, 38, 39
_Big B Con_ (syn. of Beacon), 179
Big Berry, 439
Big Black, 439
_Big Bunch_ (syn. of Big Berry), 439
Big Cluster, 439
_Big Concord_ (syn. of Jumbo), 475
_Big Extra_ (syn. of Extra), 460
Big Hope, 439
Big Ozark, 439
_Big Red_ (syn. of Collier), 449
_Bird grape_ (syn. of _V. munsoniana_), 112
Bird's Egg, 439
Bird's-eye rot (See Anthracnose)
Bishop, 440
Bishop, D., var. orig. by, 440
Bismarck, 440
Bissell, J. W., cited, 214
Black, Dr. R. B., var. found by, 478
Black Bear, 440
_Black Cape_ (syn. of Isabella), 307
Black Claret, 440
Black Cluster, 440
Black Delaware, 440
_Black Delaware_ (syn. of Nectar), 358
Black Defiance, 184
Black Eagle, 185
_Black El Paso_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Black Fox_ (syn. of _V. labrusca_), 150
_Black German_ (syn. of Marion (I)), 339
_Black German_ (syn. of York Madeira), 529
_Black Gibraltar_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
_Black Grape_ (syn. of Alexander), 160
_Black Guignard_ (syn. of Guignard), 465
Black Hamburg, 186
Black Hawk, 188
Black Heart, 440
Black Herbemont, 440
Black Imperial, 189
_Black July_ (syn. of Devereaux), 235
_Black July_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
Black King, 440
_Black Lenoir_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
Black Madeira, 440
_Black Palestine_ (syn. of Orwigsburg), 497
Black Pearl, 189
_Black Portugal_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
Black Rose, 440
Black-rot, 86
Black September, 440
_Black Souvignon_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Black Spanish_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Black Spanish_ (syn. of Ohio (I)), 369
_Black Spanish Alabama_ (syn. of Ohio (I)), 369
Blackstone, 441
Black Taylor, 441
_Black Teneriffe_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
Black Tennessee, 441
Black Virginia, 441
Blackwood, 441
Blanco, 441
Bland, 441
_Bland's Fox_ (syn. of Bland), 441
_Bland's grape_ (syn. of _V. rubra_), 125
_Bland's Madeira_ (syn. of Bland), 441
_Bland's Pale Red_ (syn. of Bland), 441
_Bland's Virginia_ (syn. of Bland), 441
Blondin, 441
Blood, 441
Blood, Mr., var. originated by, 441
Blood Black, 441
Blood White, 441
_Bloom_ (syn. of Creveling), 224
_Bloomburg_ (syn. of Creveling), 224
Blue Dyer, 441
_Blue Elsingburg_ (syn. of Elsingburgh), 257
Blue Favorite, 442
_Blue French_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Blue French_ (syn. of Ohio (I)), 370
_Blue grape_ (syn. of _V. aestivalis_), 138
_Blue Grape_ (syn. of Devereaux), 235
_Blue grape_ (syn. of _V. bicolor_), 144
_Blue Grape of the South_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
Blue Imperial, 442
_Blue Seedling_ (syn. of Bertrand), 183
_Blue Tart_ (syn. of Oporto), 372
_Blue Trollinger_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
_Blue Vine Grape_ (syn. of Oporto), 372
Boadicea, 442
_Bocksaugen_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
_Bogue's Eureka_ (syn. of Eureka (I)), 268
Bokchito, 442
Bolling, Col. Robert, book by, 15;
quoted, 40
_Bommerer_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
Bonne Madame, 442
Bossung, Jacob P., var. orig. by, 509
Bostwick, Rev. William, mentioned, 54, 83
Bottsi, 442
_Bottsi_ (syn. of Herbemont), 288
Boulevard, 442
Bowker, Mr., var. orig. by, 492
Bowman, 442
_Brackett's Seedling_ (syn. of Winchester), 526
_Brackett's Winchester_ (syn. of Winchester), 526
Braddock, 442
Bradley, 442
Braendley, 442
Brand White, 442
Brant, 190
Breck, 442
Breece, J. S., var. orig. by, 436, 451
Bridgewater, 442
Brighton, 191
Brilliant, 193
Broderick, Mr., var. orig. by, 436
Brown, 195
Brown, Mr., var. orig. by, 527
Brown, Jason, var. orig. by, 469
Brown, Wm. B., quoted, 195;
var. found by, 195
_Brown French_ (syn. of Herbemont), 288
_Brown Hamburgh_ (syn. of Black Hamburg), 186
_Brown Seedling_ (syn. of Brown), 195
_Brown's Early_ (syn. of Brown), 195
Bruce, Philip Alexander, quoted, 32
Brunk, 443
_Buck Grape_ (syn. of Alexander), 160
Buckley, Samuel Botsford, cited, 128;
life of 116, 117
Buist, 443
Buist, H. B., var. orig. by, 443
_Bull_ (syn. of Scuppernong), 399
Bull, Ephraim W., life of, 221;
var. orig. by, 221, 223, 264, 389, 479, 481, 488, 508, 519
_Bull grape_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 108
_Bull's Seedling_ (syn. of Concord), 219
_Bullace_ (syn. of Scuppernong), 399
_Bullace_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 109
_Bullet_ (syn. of Scuppernong), 399
_Bullet grape_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 108
_Bullis_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 109
_Bullit_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 109
_Bullitt_ (syn. of Taylor), 408
Bullitt, Cuthbert, mentioned, 409
Bumper, 443
_Bunch grape_ (syn. of _V. aestivalis_), 138
Buncombe, 443
Bundy, 443
Bundy, David, var. orig. by, 217, 443
Burbank, Luther, var. orig. by, 455
_Burgunder_ (syn. of Louisiana), 331
_Burgundy_ (syn. of Lenoir), 328
_Burgundy_ (syn. of Ohio (I)), 370
_Burgundy of Georgia_ (syn. of Pauline), 499
Burlington, 443
Burnet, 443
Burr, John, life of, 251;
var. orig. by, 251, 256, 301,
322, 337, 405, 449, 460, 462, 472, 474, 486,
487, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 502, 503, 511, 515, 524
_Burr No. 1_ (syn. of Jewel), 321
_Burr No. 9_ (syn. of Ideal), 301
_Burr No. 47_ (syn. of Leavenworth), 479
_Burr's Early_ (syn. of Jewel), 321
_Burr's No. 15_ (syn. of Paragon), 499
_Burr's No. 19_ (syn. of White Jewel), 524
Burroughs, 443
Burrows, J. G., var. orig. by, 443
_Burrows No. 42C_, 443
Burton Early, 443
_Burton's Early August_ (syn. of Early August), 455
Bush, 443
Bush, Isadore, cited, 119, 180, 208;
life of, 119;
quoted, 144
_Bush grape_ (syn. of _V. longii_), 123
_Bush grape of Texas_ (syn. of _V. rupestris_), 113
Bushberg, 443
Bushberg Catalogue, quoted, 189, 236
_Bushy grape_ (syn. of _V. rotundifolia_), 109
Cabot, 444
Cairnano, 444
_California grape_ (syn. of _V. californica_), 135
_California grape_ (syn. of _V. girdiana_), 136
California, grapes in, 25;
raisins in, 67
California region, 61
California Rosea, 444
California White, 444
Calkins, Mr., var. orig. by, 471
Calloway, 444
_Caloosa_ (syn. of _V. cariboea_), 146
_Caloosa grape_ (syn. of _V. candicans coriacea_), 148
Calypso, 444
Camaks, 444
Camaks, James, var. orig. by, 444
Cambridge, 444
Camden, 444
Cameron, John D., var. orig. by, 494
_Campbell_ (syn. of Campbell Early), 196
_Campbell_ (syn. of Early Golden), 456
Campbell, Geo. W., cited, 115;
life of, 198;
var. orig. by, 198, 413, 439, 475, 495, 500, 503, 523, 549, 550
Campbell Early, 196
_Campbell's Concord Hybrid No. 6_ (syn. of Triumph), 411
_Campbell's Seedling No. 6_ (syn. of Triumph), 411
Canaan, 444
Canada, 199
_Canadian Hamburg_ (syn. of Othello), 374
_Canadian Hybrid_ (syn. of Othello), 374
Canandaigua, 201
Canby, 444
Canby, W., var. orig. by, 444
_Canby's August_ (syn. of York Madeira), 529
_Canon grape_ (syn. of _V. arizonica_), 133
Canonicus, 444
_Canyon grape_ (syn. of _V. arizonica_), 133
_Cape_ (syn. of Alexander), 160
_Cape_ (syn. of Isabella), 307
_Cape grape_ (syn. of Alexander), 50