_Cathedral Churches_, their clergy sometimes regular, sometimes
secular, 21;
distinction of old and new foundations, 53;
foundations under Henry the Eighth, _ib._;
held to be the freehold of the Chapter or Convent, 64;
urgent need of their reform, 160.
_Cathedral_, meaning of the word, 8-10.
_Century_, thirteenth, its special historical importance, 103;
fourteenth, character of its architecture, 111, 113.
_Chancellor of the Church_, foundation of the office, 50, 168;
its duties, 57.
_Chancellor of the Diocese_, distinguished from Chancellor of the
Church, 57.
_Chantries_, suppression of, 149.
_Chantry Priests_, incorporated by Bishop Erghum, 141, 142, 183;
suppressed, 142, 150.
_Chapter-house_, different character of, in regular and secular
churches, 96;
building of that, at Wells, 96-98, 176;
polygonal type of, 97;
style and date of, at Wells, 98;
examples of the polygonal shape, 176;
of the oblong shape, _ib._
_Chapters_, origin of, 21;
their relation to their Bishops, 45;
their increased independence of the Bishops, 63, 64;
need of their reform on the old basis, 189.
_Chartres Cathedral_, its great height, 116.
_Chester Cathedral_, crumbling nature of its stone, 135.
_Chester_, position of the Cathedral, 2;
foundation of the Bishoprick, 53.
_Chew Magna_, pension from the vicarage to the Vicars of Wells, 182.
_Chicheley_, Archbishop, his character, 185.
_Chichester Cathedral_, fall of the spire at, 117.
_Choir_, meaning of the word, 78;
its original extent at Wells, _ib._;
in Somersetshire churches often unworthy of the nave, 80;
practice of lengthening in the thirteenth century, 108;
change in the site at Wells, 110;
recasting of clerestory and triforium, 111;
character of the roof, 112;
objectionable arrangements of, at Wells, 155, 167.
_Choristers_, house of, see Organists' house.
_Christ Church_, Hampshire, arrangement of towers at, 182.
_Chrodegang_, Bishop of Metz, his rule for canons, 32, 165.
_Cities_, their greater importance on the Continent than in England, 12.
_Clement the Seventh_, Pope, his bull for the suppression of
monasteries, 185.
_Cloister_, difference of, in regular and secular churches, 83;
date of that at Wells,
83, 84;
needed in a monastery, but not in a secular church, 31, 32.
_Cloister_, originally of wood, 84;
Lady chapel in, rebuilt by Bishop Stillington, 144;
original building of, 172;
orders of Chapter about, _ib._
_Close_ wall, destruction of, 143.
_Cnut_, King, his favour to Bishop Duduc, 26, 28.
_Collegiate Churches_, meaning of the word, 10;
suppression of, 149.
_Collinson's_ History of Somersetshire, its misrepresentation of
the story of Harold and Gisa, 27;
list of canons in, 188.
_Combe_, bought by Gisa, 31;
Prebends of, 51, 60.
_Congé d'élire_, meaning of the word, 16, 164;
distinguished from the letter missive, 25, 164.
_Congresbury_, fabulous Bishoprick at, 14;
history of the lordship, 28, 29.
_Corporate Isolation_, spirit of, its effects, 62.
_Corps_, meaning of the word, 51.
_Coventry Cathedral_, canons substituted for monks at, 173.
_Coventry_, apse of Saint Michael's Church at, 130;
crumbling stone used in the church of, 135;
origin of the city, 185.
_Coventry and Lichfield_, joint Bishoprick of, 46;
destruction of the Church of Coventry, 64.
_Crediton_, see of, removed to Exeter, 35.
_Cromwell, Thomas_, Lord, his share in the suppression of
monasteries, 147;
holds the Deanery of Wells, 148;
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, 175.
_Crypt_, see Undercroft.
_Cynewulf_, spurious charter of, 15, 164.
D.
_Daventry Priory_, suppression of, 185.
_Dean_, foundation of the office, 50, 168;
how appointed in various churches, 54;
its duties, 55, 56;
effects of its foundation, 63;
office at Wells held by Thomas Cromwell, 148;
estates alienated under Edward the Sixth, 150, 168;
re-endowed and the old estates recovered, 150;
rights of, under the charter of Elizabeth, 187;
appointment of, transferred to the Crown, 188.
_Deaneries_ held by laymen, 148.
_Deanery House_ built by Dean Gunthorpe, 142.
_Dignities_, origin of, 50, 168;
duties of, 55-57;
difference among, in different churches, 66.
_Dimock, Mr._, 77;
quoted, 140, 183.
_Domesday_, its account of the lands of the Church of Wells, 33, 166.
_Dorchester_, Bishoprick of, 163.
_Drokensford, John_, Bishop, deed of his quoted, 179.
_Duduc_, Bishop of Somersetshire, his favour with Cnut, 26, 28;
his bequests to his church, 28;
a Saxon by birth, 165;
his tomb, 166.
_Dunstan, Saint_, builds the stone church of Glastonbury, 24, 164.
_Durham_, analogy of its history with that of Wells, 3.
E.
_Eadgar_, King, brings in monks at Bath, 36.
_Eadgyth_, wife of Eadward the Confessor, her grants to Gisa, 31.
_Eadward the Confessor_, his favour to Bishop Duduc, 26;
his grants to Gisa, 31, 165;
introduces the Norman style into England, 48;
his church at Westminster the great model, 69.
_Eadward the Elder_ founds the Bishoprick of Somersetshire, 13.
_Ealdhelm_, first Bishop of Sherborne, 164.
_Early Gothic Style_, two forms of, in Wells Cathedral, 74-77;
peculiar character of, in Somersetshire and South Wales, 75.
_East Ends_, various kinds of, 130.
_Edward the Sixth_, act of, for the suppression of colleges and
Chantries, 142, 149;
robbery of ecclesiastical bodies under, 148.
_Elizabeth_, Queen, her charters to the Vicars, 140;
to the Chapter, 151.
_Ely Cathedral_, style of, 75;
loss of the spire at, 129;
east end of, 130;
size of the triforium, 134;
arrangement of tower at, 182.
_Embezzlement_, various instances of, 39.
_Erghum, Ralph_, Bishop, incorporates the College of Chantry
Priests, 141, 142.
_Eton College_, receives lands of Alien Priories, 185.
_Evercreech_, Bishop's house at, 37.
_Evesham_, its parliamentary rivalry with Wells, 4-5, 163.
_Ewenny Priory_, roof of the Church, 179.
_Exeter_, history of the city and Bishoprick, 2, 35;
Bishop Leofric's changes at, 33;
history of the Deanery of, 54;
loss of the spires at, 129;
form of the east end, 130.
F.
_Fitz-Williams_, Dean, surrenders the estates of the Deanery, 186.
_Fontanenses Episcopi_, Bishops of Somersetshire, so known at Rome, 45.
_Frederick Barbarossa_, Emperor, his dispute with Pope Hadrian the
Fourth, 169.
G.
_Gates, Sir John_, dismantles the hall of the palace, 179; beheaded, 186.
_Gerent_, King of Cornwall, defeated by Ine, 164.
_Gervase_, historian of Canterbury, quoted, 172.
_Gisa_, Bishop of Somersetshire, his quarrel with Earl
Harold, 27-29, 165;
his birth in Lorraine, 30;
increases the revenues of his church, 31;
makes his canons follow the rule of Chrodegang, 31-33;
his buildings, 33.
_Gisa_, his gifts to the canons, 33;
his death and burial, 34;
his account of the Old-English church, 67.
_Glastonbury_, its whole history gathers round the Abbey, 3;
permanence of the British Monastery at, 18;
its original wooden church, 19, 164;
stone church of Dunstan, 24;
annexed to Bath by Savaric, 70, 71;
formed part of the style of the Bishops, 70, 71;
again separated from Bath and Wells, 71;
surrenders estates to Jocelin, 71;
style of the Early Gothic of the Abbey, 75;
cloister of wood, 84;
goodness of the stone at, 135;
suppression of the Monastery, 147;
destroyed by Edward, Duke of Somerset, 149;
relation of the Bishops to, 171;
antiquity of the foundation, 177;
central tower propped as at Wells, 178.
_Gloucester Abbey_, vault in, built by the Monks' own hands, 81, 172;
west front of, 125.
_Gloucester and Bristol_, joint Bishoprick of, 46.
_Godele, John_, Dean, his share in repairing the choir, 180.
_Godfrey_, Bishop of Bath, his birth in Lower Lorraine, 43;
his character, _ib._;
he tries to recover the canons' lands, _ib._
_Godwin, Bishop_, his catalogue of Bishops quoted. 28, 56-57, 113-134.
_Gower, Bishop_, his works at Saint David's, 179.
_Green, Mr. J. R._, quoted, 165, 170, 184.
_Grey of Wark_, Lord, preserves Wells Cathedral in Monmouth's
rebellion, 4.
_Grosmont_, Monmouthshire, state of the church at, 8.
_Gunthorpe, John_, Dean, builds the Deanery, 142, 183.
_Gwent_, meaning of the name, 17, 164.
H.
_Haddan, Mr. A. W._, quoted, 173.
_Hadrian the Fourth_, Pope, his dispute with the Emperor Frederick, 169.
_Harewell, John_, Bishop, his share in building the South-west
Tower, 122.
_Harold_, Earl, his quarrel with Bishop Gisa, 27, 29, 165;
his writ as King to Gisa, 165;
Gisa's view of his death, _ib._
_Henry the First_, his charters to John de Villulâ, 36, 37;
his opposition to Bishop Godfrey, 43.
_Henry the Third_, character of his reign, 105;
promotes the illegal election of Bishop Roger, 106;
his grant to the Church of Wells, 172.
_Henry the Fifth_, suppression of monasteries under, 147.
_Henry the Eighth_, character of his reign, 145-147;
suppression of monasteries under, 147;
enforces the payments of Residentiaries, 175.
_Henry of Blois_, Bishop of Winchester, holds the Abbey of Glastonbury
with the Bishoprick, 44;
helps Bishop Robert in his reforms at Wells, 52.
_Hereford Cathedral_, loss of the spire at, 129;
character of the east end, 130;
loss of the western tower, 131;
position of the Vicars and Minor Canons at, 140, 141;
present good arrangement of, 158;
choir screen at, 159;
its arrangement of towers, 182.
_Hermann_, Bishop, joins the sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury, and removes
the see to Old Sarum, 31, 165.
_Hildebert_, Provost, embezzles the property of the canons, 39, 166.
_Historiola_ de Primordiis Episcopatûs Somersetensis, quoted, 28, 47.
_Honorary Canons_, proposed extension of their rights in the new
foundations, 189.
_Howden Collegiate Church_, octagonal Chapter-house at, 176.
_Hugh_, Bishop of Chester, substitutes canons for monks at Coventry, 173.
I.
_Ilminster_, lost prebend of, 174.
_Ine_, his victories over the Welsh, 14;
founds Taunton, _ib._;
probably founds the
church of Wells as collegiate, 15;
defeats Gerent of Cornwall, 164;
founds Taunton, _ib._;
his laws, _ib._
_Innocent the Fourth_, Pope, corruptly confirms the election of
Bishop Roger, 106.
_Installation_ of Canons, 188.
_Isaac_, Provost of Wells, 33, 166.
J.
_Jenkyns_, Dean, his doings in the Cathedral, 189.
_Jocelin of Wells_, his episcopate, 70;
his style during the union with Glastonbury, 71;
his compromise with Glastonbury, _ib._;
his works at Wells, _ib._;
his banishment, 72;
his special connexion with the church and city, _ib._;
first founder of the Vicars, 72, 84;
extent of his building, 74-76;
his domestic works at Wells and Wookey, 76;
consecrates the church, 77, 174;
character of his works, 78;
how far the designer of the church, 81;
probable nature of his relations to it, _ib._;
increases the dignities and prebends, 84;
his statute of residence, 90, 174;
his position among the Bishops of Wells, 104, 177;
destruction of his tomb, _ib._
_John de Villulâ_, first French Bishop of Somersetshire, 35;
buys the town of Bath and removes the see thither, 36, 37, 166;
his government and buildings at Bath, 37, 166;
his oppression of the Canons of Wells, 37, 38;
builds himself a house at Wells, _ib._, 166.
_John, Provost and Archdeacon_, his dealings with the canons, 39, 166;
his repentance, 49.
K.
_Karole_, meaning of the word, 172.
_King, Oliver_, Bishop, his works at Bath, 48.
L.
_Lady_, proper title of a West-Saxon King's wife, 31.
_Lady Chapel_, character of, at Wells, 109;
date of, 179.
_Lady Chapel_ in the cloister, 83.
_Leases_ for three lives, early cases of, 61.
_Lee, Roland_, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, tries to save the Church
of Coventry, 64, 170.
_Le Mans_, Cathedral of, 69;
its date, 100.
_Leofric_, Bishop, his changes in the Church of Exeter, 33;
moves the see of Crediton thither, 35.
_Letter missive_, see Congé d'élire.
_Lichfield Cathedral_, apse of, 130;
east end compared with Wells, 132;
present good arrangement of, 158;
choir screen at, 159;
octagonal Chapter-house at, 176.
_Lincoln Cathedral_, style of, 75;
said never to have been consecrated, 77;
residence kept by the dignitaries at, 92;
effect of lowness in the inside, 116;
loss of the spires at, 118, 129;
unreality of the west front of, 125, 128;
arrangement of the east end, 131;
effect of lowness in the interior, 133;
octagonal Chapter-house at, 176.
_Llandaff Cathedral_, style of, 75;
no Residentiaries ever founded at, 85;
west front of, 125, 126;
present good arrangement of, 156-158, 190;
system of Prebendaries and Vicars, 17;
the Archdeacon President of the Chapter, 169;
form of the Chapter-house, 176.
_Long Sutton_, lost prebend of, 174.
_Lorraine_, or Lotharingia, meaning of the name, 30;
canonical rule of, 32.
M.
_Malmesbury Abbey_, original west front of, 181;
arrangement of tower at, 182.
_Manchester_, collegiate church becomes cathedral, 16;
suppressed and restored, 186.
_Margam Abbey_, octagonal Chapter-house at, 176.
_Mark_ granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, 31.
_Mary_, Queen, property of the Church recovered under, 149, 150.
_Master of the Fabric_, office of, 5-7.
_Master_, technical use of the name, 88.
_Matthew Paris_, his account of the Church of Westminster, 170;
of the earthquake at Wells, 171;
of the consecration of various churches, _ib._
_Mendip_, its early state, 17.
_Midelton_ or _Milton_, timber fetched from, 180.
_Minor Canon_, title unknown at Wells, 140;
use of, elsewhere, 183.
_Monasteries_, suppression of, 21;
effects of, at Ely, Peterborough, and elsewhere, 22.
_Monks_, original character of, 20.
_Monmouth, James_, Duke of, doings of his followers at Wells, 4.
_Morganwg_, meaning of the name, 17, 164.
_Mounterye, College of_, see Chantry Priests.
_Muchelney_ prebend attached to the Abbey, 88.
_Mudgeley_, granted to the Church of Wells by the Lady Eadgyth, 31.
N.
_Nave_, proper place for the congregation, 154, 155;
plea for its proper use at Wells, 157-160.
_New Foundation_, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, 53;
greater influence of the Crown in, 54.
_Nicolas the Fifth_, Pope, his bull about payments made by
Residentiaries, 175.
_Non-residence_, origin of, 58;
growth of, 87.
_Non-residentiary Canons_, origin of, 89;
value of the class, 89, 90, 150;
defrauded of their rights at Wells by the charter of Elizabeth, 151;
retention of their rights at York, 152;
their position under the Elizabethan charter, 187, 188;
general question as to their rights, 189.
_Norman Architecture_, spread of, after the Conquest, 67.
_Norman Conquest_, its effects on the Church, 35.
O.
_Offa_, King of the Mercians, founds the Church of Bath, 36.
_Old Foundation_, Cathedral Churches of, meaning of the name, 53;
closer connexion of the Bishops with, 54;
general likeness of their constitutions, 66, 85.
_Old Saint Paul's Cathedral_, loss of the spire at, 129;
minor canons of, 140.
_Old Sarum_, see Salisbury.
_Organist's House_, foundation of, 182;
neglect and ruin of, 184.
_Osbern_, his life of Saint Dunstan, quoted, 164.
_Ottery Saint Mary_, spire of lead remaining at, 129.
_Oxford_, position of the Cathedral, 2;
foundation of the Bishoprick, 53.
P.
_Pagan_, origin of the name, 11.
_Palk, Sir Lawrence_, his championship of Wells against Evesham, 163.
_Pakington, Sir John_, compared with Saint Dunstan, 5, 163.
_Parker, Mr._, house restored by, 68;
quoted, 129, 183.
_Payne of Pembridge_, claims the Provost's estate, 60.
_Perpendicular style_, its characteristics in Somersetshire, 121, 122.
_Pershore Abbey_, apse of, 130.
_Peterborough Cathedral_, the west front an addition, 76;
its perfection, 125.
_Petty Canons_ distinguished from Priest-Vicars, 140.
_Pluralities_, early instances of, 44;
causes of, in the Middle Ages, 5-8.
_Pole, Reginald_, holds two Deaneries as layman, 148.
_Pope, John_, Prebendary, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, 138.
_Prebendaries_, become corporations sole, 65;
their exempt jurisdictions, _ib._
_Prebends_, origin of, 50, 168;
meaning of the name, 51;
their position, 52;
refounded by Elizabeth, 187.
_Precentor_, foundation of the office, 50, 168;
its duties, 56.
_Priest-Vicar_, title of, 139.
_Provost_, origin of the office, 33;
becomes hereditary, 39, 166;
suppression of the office, 150.
_Purton Church_, Wiltshire, arrangement of tower at, 182.
R.
_Ralph of Shrewsbury_, importance of his episcopate, 108;
his place of burial, 113;
his connexion with the eastern reconstruction, 114;
fortifies the palace, 137;
founds the College of Vicars, 137, 182;
portions of his work remaining, 138;
treatment of his tomb, 177.
_Ramsbury_, poverty of the church of, 31.
_Reformation_, the, its real character in England, 145, 146.
_Reginald_, son of Hildebert, restores the canons' lands, 49;
appointed precentor, 60, 167;
withstands the claims of his nephews, 6.
_Reginald_, Bishop, founds new prebends, 70.
_Regular Clergy_, their distinction from the seculars, 20.
_Residence_, Jocelin's regulations as to, 90;
devices to hinder, 91.
_Residentiaries_, origin of, 89;
number not originally fixed, 90;
their number and mode of appointment, 92;
growth of their powers, 93;
necessity of their constant residence, 94, 95;
their encroachments by virtue of the charter of Elizabeth, 151, 152;
necessity of their residence, 152;
great entertainments required of, 175;
commuted for a payment, _ib._;
use of entertainments restored, _ib._;
their new position under the Elizabethan charter, 188;
not installed, _ib._
_Restoration_, principle on which it should be carried out, 190.
_Rheims Cathedral_, its great height, 116;
grandeur of the doorways at, 127.
_Rheims_, Church of Saint Remigius at, 69.
_Rib_, meaning of the word, 91, 138.
_Richard_, Archbishop of Canterbury, story of, 189.
_Richard of the Devizes_, his account of the non-residence of
canons, 86, 173.
_Richard of Tittenhanger_, monk of Saint Alban's, designs
buildings in the Abbey, 171.
_Ripon_, collegiate church becomes cathedral, 16;
suppressed and restored, 186;
its west front, 181.
_Robert_, importance of his episcopate, 40;
becomes Bishop of Bath, 43;
of Flemish descent, but born in England, 44, 167;
his early history, _ib._;
represents Bishop Henry of Blois at Glastonbury, 44, 167;
settles the controversy between Bath and Wells, 45;
his works at Bath, 46, 48, 161;
he recovers the lands of the canons, 49;
founds the dignities and prebends, 50, 52, 167;
increases the number of canons, 57, 162;
his description of his objects, 61;
his buildings at Wells, 66-69;
single fragment of them remaining, 68;
grants North Curry to the Chapter, 190;
grants municipal rights to the city, _ib._
_Robert_, Bishop of Hereford, present at the consecration of Robert's
church at Wells, 68.
_Robert Burnell_, Bishop, his place in the history of England, 107, 179;
his works at Wells, 108.
_Robert Grosseteste_, Bishop of Lincoln, his dispute with his
Chapter, 170.
_Roger_, Archbishop of York, story of, 189.
_Roger_, Bishop, elected by the monks of Bath only, 105;
confirmed by Innocent the Fourth, 106, 177;
his gifts to the canons of Wells, _ib._;
last bishop buried at Bath, 106.
_Roger_, Bishop of Salisbury, opposes Bishop Godfrey, 43.
_Roger Witing_, claims the Provost's estate, 60;
cf. 170.
_Romanesque_ style of architecture, its character, 48.
_Roofs_, character of, in Somersetshire, 112.
_Rouen Cathedral_, analogy of its west front to that of Wells, 127.
_Rouen_, Saint Ouen's Abbey Church at, union of French and English
merits in, 117.
S.
_Saint Alban's Abbey_, work at, designed by a monk of the House, 81;
arrangement of the Lady chapel at, 131;
its municipal history compared with Wells, 184.
_Saint Cross_, Hospital of, its title, 163.
_Saint David's_, constitution of the Residentiary body at, 93;
absence of a Dean at, 169;
history of, compared with Wells, 176;
works of Bishop Gower at, 178.
_Saint Quentin_ Collegiate Church, its great height, 116.
_Salisbury_, analogy of its history with that of Wells, 3;
origin of the Bishoprick, 31;
style of, 75;
the spire constructively a mistake, 118;
mode of propping, 119;
unreality of the west front of, 125, 128;
its doorways compared with Wells, 127;
octagonal Chapter-house at, 176.
_Savaric_, Bishop, attaches prebends to two abbeys, 68;
unites the church of Glastonbury to the see of Bath, 70, 78.
_Saxon_, meaning of the name, 26.
_Screens, close_, an abuse in secular churches, 157.
_Screens, open_, their good effect at Lichfield and Hereford, 159.
_Secular Clergy_, their distinction from the regulars, 20.
_Serel, Mr._, quoted, 170, 175, 177.
_Sham Fronts_ common in France and Germany, 181.
_Sherborne_, foundation of the Bishoprick, 13;
division of the diocese, _ib._;
see removed to Old Sarum, 31;
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of, 164.
_Shrewsbury Abbey_, arrangement of towers at, 182.
_Sinecure_, meaning of the word, 55.
_Slymbridge Church_, Gloucestershire, style of, 75.
_Somerset, Edward_, Duke of, appropriates the lands of Wells and
Glastonbury, 149.
_Somersetshire_, mainly Welsh in 597, 13;
lack of any central town, _ib._;
picture of, in the time of Ine, 16, 17;
gradually becomes English, 18;
local architecture of, 48;
Early Gothic style of, resembles French work, 75;
characteristics of the Perpendicular style in, 121, 122.
_Southwell_, Chapter-house at, 97;
changes in the west front at, 128;
loss of spires at, 129;
form of the east end, 130;
compared with Wells, 131;
no President of the Chapter at, 176.
_South Wales_, likeness of its Early Gothic to that of Somersetshire, 75.
_Spires_, often covered with lead, 129.
_Stalls_, each canon makes his own, 113;
wrong arrangement at Wells, 153.
_Stephen_, King, helps Bishop Robert at Wells, 52, 168.
_Stillington, Robert_, Bishop, rebuilds the Lady chapel in the
cloister, 144;
destruction of his tomb, _ib._
_Stoke Courcy Priory_, suppression of, 185.
_Stoke-sub-Hamdon College_, suppressed, 186.
_Stone_, early use of, in building, 23.
_Stoves_, intrusion of, at Wells, 153.
_Sub-Chanter_, foundation of the office, 50, 57;
its suppression, 150, 168.
_Sub-Dean_, foundation of the office, 50, 57, 168;
its property and jurisdiction, 65, 168.
_Sugar, Hugh_, Treasurer, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, 138.
_Sumorsætas_, give their name to Somersetshire, 12;
obtain a Bishop of their own, 13.
_Supremacy, Royal_, accepted by both regular and secular clergy, 146.
_Swan Inn_ laid open to the Cathedral, 143.
_Swan, Richard_, Provost, executor of Bishop Beckington, his works, 138.
T.
_Taunton_, founded by Ine, 14, 17, 164.
_Tewkesbury Abbey_, apse of, 130.
_Tewkesbury Annals_, quoted, 178.
_Theological College_, proposal for its union with the Vicars'
College, 139;
position of its officers, 169.
_Thomas of Canterbury_, Saint, his life quoted, 87.
_Toulouse_, roof of the church of Saint Sernin at, 179.
_Towers_, Old-English, character of, 24;
central, a peculiarly English and Norman feature, 115;
absence of, in the great French churches, 116.
_Treasurer_, foundation of the office, 50, 168;
his duties, 57.
U.
_Undercroft_, under the Chapter-house, 97, 176;
other instances, _ib._
V.
_Vicars' Close_, first built by Ralph of Shrewsbury, 138;
recast by Beckington's executors, _ib._;
modern changes in, 139.
_Vicars_, origin of, 84;
account of, by Richard of the Devizes, 86, 173;
story of a vicar at Saint Paul's, 87, 173;
their original duties, 89;
lived originally in the canons' houses, 87, 138;
Jocelin's legislation about, 88;
incorporated by Ralph of Shrewsbury, 137;
change in their position consequent on the institution of
residentiaries, _ib._;
their petition to Ralph, 138;
building of the Vicars' Close, _ib._;
their collegiate manner of life, 139;
question as to its possible restoration, _ib._;
distinction between vicars and petty canons, 140;
admission of laymen to the college, _ib._;
distinction between lay-vicars and singing-men, 141;
charter of Elizabeth for their share in the distribution, 174;
property given them by Ralph, 182;
payments secured by the charter of Elizabeth, 187.
_Vitalis_, Vicar at Saint Paul's, 173.
W.