What Makes a City? (1929)

There is an old story about a town that had a high cliff from which was

visible a particularly beautiful view. The citizens of the town, being

enterprising people, decided to capitalize on this natural asset, and so

they proceeded at once to make it a talking point in favor of their city

as a show place and one desirable for residence.

The advertising was effective. From far and near, people came to get a

glimpse of the famous view. Needless to say, they spent their money while

they were in town, and the business men around the square were able to

note a change for the better in their bank balances.

It turned out, however, that viewing the scenery from this cliff was not

without its dangers. The precipice was high, and at its foot, the rocks

were hard and rough.

One day a visitor fell from the top of the cliff. His mangled body was

picked up from the rocks below. The story went the rounds, and business

began falling off. The merchants got together and agreed that they must

do something. They decided to organize a campaign and raise money to

build a hospital and provide an ambulance to take care of casualties.

They did so, and with due advertising, business again picked up.

One day someone suggested that a better thing would be a railing along

the top of the cliff to keep people from falling. The railing was built,

and there were no more accidents.

But the people of the town shook their heads doubtfully and said that it

seemed a great pity, after having gone to so much expense for a hospital

and an ambulance and having advertised them so widely, to have no further

use for them.

=Greatest Factors Are Not Bank Balances and Buildings=

What is of importance about a city? The most important thing is not its

views, its parks and drives, its public buildings, nor its commercial

leadership, but its people. And what makes a city? The greatest factor is

not its bank clearings, its shipments of live stock, its factories, its

stores, nor the extent of its public improvements, but the care it takes

of and the safeguards with which it surrounds its people.

A city is not made of streets, but of those who walk on them; not of

stores, but of those who trade in them; not of machinery, but of those who

drive it; not of houses, but of those who live in them. A city is its

people. It is exactly as good or bad, as strong or weak, as desirable or

undesirable, as enduring or temporary, as are they. With them it will go

forward or backward, be an object of admiration or contempt,

stand or fall, live or die.

The most important question before a city is not what its population can

be made by 1930, nor what advantages it can obtain from the next session

of the state legislature, nor how much money the merchants can take in by

organizing a bargain day or giving a street fair. The most important

question is how well founded are the homes, how normal is the type of

life, how idealistic are the labors of the people, and how safe are the

children and youth wherever they may go about the town? How many are being

helped? How few are being exploited?

When John Smith of Chicago or Abe Hopkins of Punkin Center considers

moving to a town to reside, to accept a position, to go into business, or

to put the children in school, the uppermost question in his mind is how

good a place is it in which to maintain a home? How safe a place is it in

which to rear children? In school, on the street, in their social

contacts, will their best interests always be conserved?

Only one thing constitutes a satisfactory answer to these questions, and

for it, there is no adequate substitute. It is high grade life lived by

high grade human beings. Where that is present, it will reveal itself in

every movement and institution. If it is absent, no boulevard mileage, or

volume of business, or number of railroads can make up for the lack of it.

=Failure in Homes Breeds Necessity for Substitutes=

Cities often point with pride to the number and costliness of their

substitutes for home life, but a far more prideworthy thing would be the

prevalence of a home life so beautiful and adequate as to require no

substitutes. The substitutes are all very well for those who are homeless

or who are too crude and dull to appreciate the blessing of home, but

they should not be needed by the mass of normal and average persons.

Practically all the institutions for social amelioration and correction

are parts of a widespread and inadequate attempt to make up for the

failure of the home. The family is unloading more and more of its

responsibilities on the school, church, and community. Moreover, its

unwillingness or inability to discharge its duty creates the necessity

for and the expense of juvenile courts, reform schools, and crime waves.

Therefore, whenever one truly refers to a city as one of homes, he is

making a statement of commanding importance. A real city of homes is one

with a minimum of social problems because, as a rule, the highest grade of

character and life is developed in the home atmosphere.

A city of homes is one whose people have some concern about the place

occupied and the work done in the community both by themselves and their

children. They are responsible citizens, and for such citizenship, there

is no substitute. Such people constitute a railing at the top of

the cliff.

All this may seem to be merely talk about ideals, and it is. Ideals are

the most necessary and important things in the world, even for a city.

Moreover, they have the highest cash value of anything with which we have

to do.

=Lack of Idealism Is Expensive=

The lack of idealism is the most expensive thing the people of any city

can have on their hands. The lower the level of idealism, the more bad

bills are made at the stores, the greater number of thefts is committed

with thievery’s double cost to the community, the greater is the amount

of fraud, and the higher is the degree and, therefore, the cost of crime.

Speaking from the financial viewpoint alone, and taking no account of the

other and greater values involved, anything that breaks down the idealism

of a city costs it heavily in money. The business man who helps to

inaugurate an evil with the thought that it will bring him profit will

live to realize that, for every dollar of profit it brings him in trade,

it will cost him a dollar in taxes and toward the suppression of crime and

undesirable conditions. Such is the result of the coming of undesirable

persons, practices, and situations to a community. The addition to the

population, permanently or temporarily, of a rough and rude element with

no ideals of conduct, no standards of sobriety, no regard for the sanctity

of the Lord’s Day, and no respect for property rights has never profited a

city yet. If you want thieves, hoodlums, and libertines, create a low

standard of ideals in the community, and you will get them. Your jails,

poorhouses, and insane asylums may serve in the place of a hospital and

ambulance to take care of the casualties, but a high level of idealism

would be a railing along the top of the cliff to save the people.

The history of the ages is the story of the progress of the human race

from the Garden of Eden to the New Jerusalem, from the status of a

perfect garden to that of a perfect city, from a simple but happy primal

state to a complex but ideal social order.

The drift of life is to the city. The farm is giving its products, but it

is also giving its sons and daughters to the town.

The drift of life is to the city. When the race has reached the climax of

its progress, that condition will be a perfect city—a city of justice,

righteousness, truth, faith, and brotherhood. It will have beautiful

buildings, broad avenues, flowering parks, and prosperous institutions,

but its real glory will be the quality of its people.

Destiny is waiting on the city to become all this. What dizzy distances

it will have to travel. It will have to fling aside the acknowledged

domination of Mammon. It will have to get spiritual ideals and human

values back into the first place where they belong.

Each promoter of the interests of a city is advertising a precipice from

which people may stumble to their doom, or pointing with pride to the

beautiful hospital and ambulance provided by the magnanimous people to

take care of the maimed and broken, or building railings along the tops

of cliffs to keep people from falling and to make the place safe, even

for the young, the weak, and the blind. Which one of these things are

you doing for your town?

Collected writings of Clarence Edwin Flynn, first series · 第 65 / 123 题