EDWARD II.—1307 to 1327.
Why Edward the Second was called Prince of Wales; how his idleness
and evil companions caused a civil war; how he was beaten by Robert
Bruce at Bannockburn; how the Queen fought against the King and
took him prisoner, and how her favorite, Mortimer, had King Edward
murdered.
Edward the Second was made king after his father’s death. He is often
called Edward of Caernarvon, because he was born at a town of that
name in Wales. He was the first English prince who was called Prince
of Wales.
Since his reign the eldest son of the King of England has almost
always been called so.
Edward of Caernarvon was the most unhappy man that ever was King of
England.
And this was in great part his own fault.
He was very fond of all kinds of amusements, and instead of taking
the trouble, while he was young, to learn what was good and useful
for his people, so as to make them happy, he spent all his time in
the company of young men as idle and as foolish as he was. One of the
first of these was called Pierce Gaveston. Edward the First had sent
that young man away, and on his death-bed begged his son not to take
him back again, for he would be sure to lead him into evil ways. But
the prince was obstinate, and chose to have him with him.
After Edward of Caernarvon became king, this same Gaveston caused him
a great deal of trouble. He made the king quarrel with his nobles,
who were very haughty and fierce, and did not like to see the king
always in the company of foolish young men.
Moreover, the queen, Isabella of France, was very proud and
hot-tempered, and did not strive to make the king better, as she
might have done had she been gentle and amiable.
The nobles were greatly vexed because Edward spent all the money they
had given to his father in making presents to Gaveston and his other
companions, so they joined together and made war upon the king. There
was civil war for many years; and so many wicked things were done in
that war, that I am sure you would not wish me to tell them. It ended
by Gaveston being killed by order of the barons.
This civil war was hardly over before the king made war against
Robert Bruce, the King of Scotland, and went with a large army into
Scotland; but he was beaten at the battle of Bannockburn in such a
manner that he was glad to get back to England, and to promise that
neither he nor any of the kings of England would call themselves
kings of Scotland again.
You would think that Edward would now have been wise enough neither
to vex the barons and the people by foolishly spending the money
trusted to him, nor to make himself disliked by choosing bad
companions. But I am sorry to say he did not grow wiser as he grew
older, and the queen behaved very foolishly and wickedly. The king
chose a favourite of the name of Spenser; the queen’s chief friend
was a baron named Mortimer.
Very soon there was another civil war: the queen kept her eldest
son Edward, the Prince of Wales, with her, and said she only fought
against the king for his sake; and that if she did not, the king
would give so much to Spenser that he would leave nothing for the
prince.
At last the queen and her friends took the king prisoner. They shut
him up in a castle called Berkeley Castle. They gave him bad food to
eat, and dirty water to drink and to wash himself with. They never
let him go into the open air to see any of his friends. This poor
king was very soon murdered. The queen’s favourite, Mortimer, being
afraid the people would be sorry for poor Edward, when they heard
how ill he had been used, and might perhaps take him out of prison
and make him king again, sent some wicked men secretly to Berkeley
Castle, and they killed the king in such a cruel way that his cries
and shrieks were heard all over the castle.
He had been king twenty years, but had not been happy one single year.