[1] This spelling seems more correct than either the short form, _Lot
Cary_, used by the Rev. D. Stratton, D.D. of St. Albans, West
Virginia, in his "Life and Work of Lot Cary, Missionary in Africa," or
the longer form, _Lott Carey_, used by the Rev. James B. Taylor in
"The Biography of Elder Lott Carey" and by many other writers for the
following consideration: There is no trace of Cary spelling his name
Lot Cary. In the American Baptist Magazine and Gammell's "A History of
American Baptist Missions" there are letters from or references to
Cary marked Lott Carey, which are no doubt presumptions on the part of
the printer or writer that the name is spelled like that of the Rev.
William Carey. If, on the other hand, Lott Cary spelled his name
either _Carey_ or _Cary_, that would only argue that his name would be
better spelled Lott Cary as a means of distinction from the Rev.
William Carey. "The Biography of Elder Lott Carey" written in 1837 is
the source of much that is known of the man but seems to draw heavily
from the "Life of Jehudi Ashmun, late Colonial Agent in Liberia, with
an Appendix Containing Extracts from His Journal and Other Writings,
with a Brief Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Lott Cary," written in
1835 by Ralph Randolph Gurley, Secretary of the American Colonization
Society. Many incidents of the life of Lott Cary are taken from the
life and writings of Mr. Ashmun. It would therefore seem consistent to
follow his spelling of the name. In this work, the name, Lott Cary, is
used frequently--even signed to a letter to Mr. Gurley--and many
references are made to it by Mr. Ashmun who probably knew Cary better
than anyone else. Only once in the entire work, on page 126, never in
the "Brief Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Lott Cary," is the name
spelled _Carey_. This could be a typographical error. Furthermore, Mr.
Randall who went to Africa as Governor of Liberia about a month and a
half after Cary's death said, respecting a native settlement, "I
propose to have it called after him, Carytown." (_The African
Repository_, Vol. V, p. 1.) Appletons' _Cyclopaedia of American
Biography_, Vol. I, p. 548, follows this spelling.
[2] This name is also variously spelled--Collin or Colin and Teague or
Teage. The above spelling is from the American Baptist Missionary
Union in their Missionary Jubilee volume, pp. 215, 267.
[3] _Proceedings of the Fifth Triennial Meeting of the Baptist General
Convention_, 1826, p. 22; Earnest, _The Religious Development of the
Negro in Virginia_, p. 95; $150 was appropriated for the mission May
23, 1823. Proceedings, 1826, pp. 22, 32.
[4] _Report of the Board of Managers of the General Convention_ in
_The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, pp. 396 ff.
[5] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[6] Hervey, _The Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands_, p. 199.
[7] Gurley, _Life of Jehudi Ashmun_, appendix, p. 147; Peck, _History
of the Missions of the Baptist General Convention_ in the _History of
American Missions to the Heathen_, p. 443.
[8] Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 199.
[9] _The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, _op. cit._,
appendix, p. 147.
[10] Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 200.
[11] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[12] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 443.
[13] _The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, _op. cit._,
appendix, p. 147.
[14] The gallery was reserved for the slaves connected with the church
and congregation. Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 202.
[15] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[16] _Ibid._
[17] _The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 11; Gurley, _op. cit._,
appendix, p. 147; Peck, _op. cit._, p. 443.
[18] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 148; Peck, _op. cit._, p. 443.
[19] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[20] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 148.
[21] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 443.
[22] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340. His wife
died shortly before this time, _The African Repository_, March, 1829,
p. 11; Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 147.
[23] _Fifth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions_ in
_The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. I, pp. 400f.
[24] _The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 12.
[25] _Ibid._, Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 148.
[26] Cathcart, _The Baptist Encyclopaedia_, Vol. I, p. 288.
[27] _The Missionary Jubilee_, pp. 17, 18, 19; Tupper, _A Decade of
Foreign Missions_, p. 875.
[28] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 444; The Missionary Jubilee, p. 214; Tupper,
_op. cit._, p. 875.
[29] The outbreaks of Toussaint L'Ouverture in Hayti in 1789 and
especially Gabriel in Richmond had not died away. Gabriel in 1800
organized 1000 Negroes in Henrico County. The plot, however, was
betrayed by a slave Pharaoh and amounted to no lives lost except those
of Gabriel and Jack Bowles who were executed. A public guard of 68
policed the city for some months afterwards. Cf. Ballagh, _Slavery in
Virginia_, p. 92.
[30] From Article I of the Constitution of this body it is presumed
that the Richmond Society contributed "a sum amounting to at least one
hundred dollars" for their membership fee.
[31] _Proceedings of the General Convention_, 1817, p. 134.
[32] Gammell, _A History of American Baptist Missions_, p. 256.
[33] _The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign
Missions_, p. 180.
[34] _Proceedings of the Baptist General Convention_, 1829, p. 34;
Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, pp. 30, 32.
[35] Letter to Doctor Staughton, dated Philadelphia, April 30, 1818,
in the _Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign
Missions_.
[36] _Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions_,
p. 180.
[37] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary._
[38] August 5, 1816, the Negro Baptists of Warren County, North
Carolina, contributed $5.15; August 18, of the County Line
Association, Caswell County, North Carolina, $.69; September 1, of the
Shiloh Association, Culpepper, Virginia, $1.90; October 21, of the Pee
Dee Association, Montgomery County, North Carolina, $2.19; May 7,
1817, "a col. Wom." of Georgia, $1; June 2, "Coloured Brethren" of the
Sunbury Association, Georgia, $21; June 16, "a man of colour 15
cts.--a woman of col. 6 cts." and August 1, "a man of col. 25
cts."--_The Third Annual Report of the Baptist Board_, pp. 146-149;
_The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board_, pp. 206, 208.
[39] _The Fourth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign
Missions_, pp. 206, 208, 210.
[40] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 444; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 201.
[41] Cf. Journal of Mills in Spring, _Memoirs of the Rev. Samuel J.
Mills_.
[42] Letter dated Richmond, March 28, 1819, to the Rev. Obadiah B.
Brown, Washington City.
[43] _The Missionary Jubilee_, p. 215.
[44] _Sixth Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions_ in
_The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, p. 141.
[45] _The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, p. 141.
[46] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 439; cf. also The Missionary Jubilee, p.
215. The constitution of the Richmond African Baptist Missionary
Society restricted its funds to Africa.
[47] _The African Repository_, March, 1829; Gurley, _op. cit._,
appendix.
[48] This would have increased his salary to $1000 annually.
[49] Letter of William Crane to the Rev. Obadiah Brown.
[50] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 148.
[51] Russell, _The Free Negro in Virginia_, pp. 145-156.
[52] _Seventh Annual Report of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions_
in _The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, pp. 317f.
[53] _Ibid._, p. 399; _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p.
341; Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 159; Peck, _op. cit._, p. 439;
_The Missionary Jubilee_, p. 215.
[54] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 444; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 202.
[55] Hervey, _op. cit._, pp. 201f.
[56] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 149.
[57] _Ibid._, p. 148; _The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 12.
[58] Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 202.
[59] Earnest, _op. cit._, p. 95.
[60] Journal of Cary in _The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, p. 399.
[61] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. III, p. 181.
[62] Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 202.
[63] _The Latter Day Luminary_, Vol. II, pp. 397f.
[64] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 439.
[65] Gammell, _op. cit._, pp. 247, 249.
[66] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. II, p. 181.
[67] Alexander, _A History of Colonization on the Western Coast of
Africa_, p. 245.
[68] Latrobe, _Maryland in Liberia_, p. 9.
[69] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, pp. 149f.
[70] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[71] _The Fifth Annual Report of the American Society for Colonizing
the Free People of Colour of the United States_, pp. 55-64.
[72] Liberia was named at the annual meeting of the Colonization
Society, February, 1825. Fox, _The American Colonization Society_, p.
71.
[73] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 149; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 202.
[74] Warneck, _Outline of a History of Protestant Missions_, p. 193.
[75] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 149; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 203.
[76] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 149; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 203;
_The African Repository_, March, 1829, p. 13; _The American Missionary
Register_, Vol. VI, p. 341.
[77] Gammell, _op. cit._, p. 244; Peck, _op. cit._, p. 441.
[78] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 439; Gammell, _op. cit._, p. 244.
[79] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IV, p. 142.
[80] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 341; Gammell,
_op. cit._, p. 244; Tupper, _The Foreign Missions of the Southern
Baptist Convention_, p. 277.
[81] A Negro Baptist preacher who accompanied David George to Sierra
Leone from Nova Scotia in 1792. For a detailed account cf. Rippon,
_The Baptist Annual Register_, Vol. I, pp. 478-481.
[82] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. V, pp. 241f.; _The American
Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.
[83] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, pp. 222f.
[84] At the annual meeting of the American Colonization Society,
February, 1825, on motion of General Robert G. Harper, the settlement
was named Monrovia, in honor of the President of the United States.
Fox, _op. cit._, p. 71.
[85] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, pp. 244f. In the Report
of the Board of Managers of the General Missionary Convention, May,
1825, "Lott Cary ... states that hostilities ... of the natives had
ceased.... He asks for assistance to complete the work (on the
church); and the Board feel pleasure in recommending the case to the
hearts of all who are interested in the melioration of the condition
of the African Race." Ibid., Vol. V, p. 216.
[86] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[87] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 196.
[88] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 213.
[89] _Ibid._, p. 214.
[90] _Ibid._, p. 213.
[91] _Ibid._, _op. cit._, p. 182.
[92] The laws of the Society required every adult male to work two
days a week for the public good while receiving rations from the
public store. This rule was dispensed with providing each colonist
would cultivate his own land. _Ibid._, p. 186.
[93] _Ibid._, appendix, p. 150.
[94] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 187.
[95] _Ibid._, appendix, p. 150.
[96] Fox, _op. cit._, p. 72.
[97] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 150.
[98] _Ibid._, pp. 190ff.
[99] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 150.
[100] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IV, p. 423.
[101] Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 204.
[102] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 203.
[103] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 214; Hervey, _op. cit._, p. 204.
[104] _Ibid., op. cit._, p. 215; _ibid._, appendix, p. 150.
[105] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 143.
[106] _Ibid._
[107] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 49.
[108] _Ibid._ p. 246.
[109] Gammell, _op. cit._, p. 247.
[110] _The Missionary Jubilee_, p. 215.
[111] The Veys inhabit this healthy country and are very intelligent.
They have a written language although no books. Peck, _op. cit._, p.
441.
[112] Warneck, _op. cit._, p. 189.
[113] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 441.
[114] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 30.
[115] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 341.
[116] Cf. Jones, _The Religious Instruction of the Negro in the United
States._
[117] These emigrants with one exception were from Newport, Rhode
Island. Eighteen of them were, just before their departure and at
their own request, organized into a church. Gurley, _op. cit._, pp.
308, 310.
[118] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 309.
[119] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, p. 368; Gammell, _op.
cit._, p. 247; Peck, _op. cit._, p. 442; _The Missionary Jubilee_, p.
215.
[120] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 356.
[121] The schools and scholars in Liberia in 1827 were as follows:
Rev. Mr. Gary's school for native children 45
Rev. Mr. M'Gill's classes 16
Mr. Stewart's school 44
Miss Jackson's school 40
Mrs. Williams' school 30
Mr. Prout's school 52
Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 350.
[122] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, pp. 272f.; _ibid._,
Vol. VII, p. 166.
[123] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 357.
[124] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. XXI, p. 183.
[125] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, pp. 32, 35, 36, 37.
[126] _Ibid._, _op. cit._, p. 356.
[127] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VIII, p. 144; cf. also
Alexander, _op. cit._, pp. 248f.
[128] Baptized eighteen months before by Cary. He was a native
evangelist at Big Town, Grand Cape Mount and styled himself John
Baptist. Letter of Cary dated Monrovia, June, 1827, to Crane.
[129] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VII, pp. 305f.
[130] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VIII, pp. 143f.
[131] _Ibid._, pp. 53f.
[132] The General Missionary Convention made a remittance of $90 on
February 15, 1828. _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VII, pp. 170,
176.
[133] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 442.
[134] Alexander, _op. cit._, p. 181.
[135] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[136] _The American Missionary Register_, May, 1825, p. 142.
[137] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 182.
[138] _Ibid._, p. 190.
[139] _Ibid._, p. 182.
[140] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[141] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 142.
[142] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 439; Stratton, _Life and Work of Lot Cary_,
p. 3.
[143] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 190.
[144] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 232.
[145] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. V, p. 242.
[146] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[147] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[148] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 340.
[149] This trip was to influence the free people of color in the
United States to emigrate to Liberia. Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p.
151.
[150] Gurley, _op. cit._, pp. 340f.
[151] Peck, _op. cit._, p. 554.
[152] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, p. 216.
[153] Gurley, _Life of Jehudi Ashmun_, p. 157.
[154] _Ibid._, _op. cit._, p. 261.
[155] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IX, pp. 212f.; Peck, _op.
cit._, p. 442.
[156] _The American Missionary Register_, Vol. VI, p. 142.
[157] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, p. 216.
[158] _The Liberia Herald_ ran for three issues. Then the printer, Mr.
Charles L. Force, died. _Ibid._, pp. 214ff.
[159] _Ibid._
[160] Rippon, _op. cit._, Vol. I, pp. 334, 482; Alexander, _op. cit._,
p. 41; Crooks, _A History of the Colony of Sierra Leone_, p. 36.
[161] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 66.
[162] _Ibid._, p. 56.
[163] _Ibid._, p. 131.
[164] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 132.
[165] _Ibid._
[166] Alexander, _op. cit._, p. 247.
[167] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 126.
[168] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, p. 216.
[169] _History of African Colonization_, p. 225.
[170] Cf. Adams, _The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery in America_, p.
92; Cromwell, _The Early Negro Convention Movement_, pp. 3-5.
[171] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VIII, pp. 53f.
[172] Cf. _Letters and Addresses of Lott Cary_.
[173] Cf. especially Gurley, _Life of Jehudi Ashmun_, appendix, pp.
153, 157. In speaking of going to Grand Cape Mount, Mr. Cary says, "I
should have went up last year ... we may anticipate a middling severe
struggle from the Mandingo priests who have been for years propagating
their system of religion among that nation. They are a kind of
Mahometan Jews--they are very skilful in the Old Testament...." _The
American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VII, p. 305. Moreover, there is no
known evidence that any other of the colonists could have written so
well.
[174] Compare the Address of the Citizens of Monrovia to the free
colored people of the United States with the account given in Gurley,
_Life of Jehudi Ashmun_, pp. 136-138.
[175] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VIII, p. 203.
[176] $1 was the annual membership fee; 45 names were enrolled and the
money paid. $7.25 was collected at the door. Ashmun contributed $5
extra. _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VII, p. 305n.
[177] _Ibid._, p. 305.
[178] _Ibid._, Vol. VIII, p. 170.
[179] _Ibid._, Vol. IX, p. 195; Peek, _op. cit._, p. 443.
[180] On August 31, 1822, Alexander, _op. cit._, p. 181.
[181] _The African Repository_, Vol. V, p. 14.
[182] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 153.
[183] _Ibid._, _op. cit._, p. 385.
[184] Gurley, _op. cit._, p. 385; cf. Journal of Lott Cary in Gurley,
_Life of Jehu Ashmun_, appendix, pp. 153-156.
[185] Cf. Appendix L.
[186] Gurley, _op. cit._, appendix, p. 159.
[187] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IX, p. 212; Alexander,
_op. cit._, p. 279.
[188] Alexander, _op. cit._, p. 261.
[189] _The African Repository_, Vol. V, p. 10; Gurley, _op. cit._,
appendix, p. 160.
[190] Alexander, _op. cit._, pp. 254f.
[191] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IX, pp. 212, 215, cf. also
p. 195.
[192] Cf. a letter to the treasurer of the Massachusetts Baptist
Education Society in _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. VI, p. 181.
[193] _The American Baptist Magazine_, Vol. IX, p. 255.
[194] _Ibid._, p. 214.
[195] _The American Baptist Magazine_, p. 215.
[196] _Proceedings_, 1832, pp. 10, 33.
[197] _Op. cit._, appendix, p. 160.
[198] _Op. cit._, p. 207.
[199] Hervey,_op. cit._, p. 206.