When one reads that the King of Denmark stopped, in 1587, more than
600 Dutch ships in the Sound, ships which had all left the Vlie in a
day as related by Hendrik Rantzon; see ~Witsen~, (p. 36), it must not
be imagined that they were all large vessels. It is very probable, on
the contrary, that most of them were no larger than the kuffs and hoys
of the present time. It is easy to form an idea of the characteristic
appearance of the Zuyder Zee, at this period, where the many fishing
vessels then in use swarmed about all these ships. The Zuiderzee is
well and rightly named therefore the cradle of our shipbuilding art.
The little coast towns of the Zuiderzee, with their glorious past, are
its witnesses.
Hence, there will be no cause for astonishment that, in the course of
the many wars waged between Holland and Friesland and Gelderland,
innumerable battles should have been fought on the Zuiderzee. Thus,
for example, a naval battle was fought in 1504 between Holland and
Gelderland, which was described by Wilhelm Hermszoon, an Augustine monk
(~Witsen~, appendix, p. 19). This author relates that the Gelderlanders
came down the Zwarte Water with a large number of “Kochevers” to
surprise the Hollanders, who had seven armed boats. He adds that the
Hollanders understood war better than the Gelderlanders, for the latter
used only the bow, the cross bow and the sling, and that finally, the
largest of the Holland ships having grounded, the Hollanders succeeded
in frightening the Gelderlanders so much by firing their arquebusses,
that they made them give up the fight.
The same author relates, at another place, that, on the advice of the
Spanish merchants, the inhabitants of Amsterdam caused a ship called
“Galeoot” to be laid down and that a year was required to build it.
This ship could be propelled by sail or with oars. It was handled by 32
rowers. It was called the “Terror of the Zuiderzee”.
[Sidenote: II 241]
[Sidenote: III 58]
These narratives are interesting in this that, in telling about the
battle of the Zuiderzee, a “Kochever” is spoken of, which proves that
the “Koch” or “Kogge” and the “Ever” are closely related. They also
show that the “Galliot” came to us from abroad. The “Galliot”, like the
“Ever”, is still met with to-day; but it is no longer handled by oars.
Our ships of the XVIth century were much smaller also than those of
the states to the South; our navigation toward the Baltic was almost
exclusively coasting and required smaller vessels.
[Sidenote: II 225]
[Sidenote: II 226]
[Sidenote: III 20]
The “Galjoot” (galliot) of the XVIth century was built still later in
large numbers, and, besides, it is mentioned at all subsequent times.
It is probable however that the “galliots” were built later with a more
rounded hull like all our ships, for that matter. It is to be noticed,
in any event, that the “galliot” of the XVIIIth century displays great
analogy with the ordinary “Koftjalk”.
The side of the galliot is more nearly straight and the castles fore
and aft are higher. (~Le Comte~, p. 18). The vessel is 85 feet long, 21
feet beam and 11 feet deep. The stern and the bow are more rounded than
they are in the boeier (~Witsen~, p. 165). The vessel therefore, is
one which may not be classed among the Dutch types. The main mast, in
one-and two-masted galliots, was placed at one-third the length of the
ship from the stem. The ship is a “draai-over-boord”. It had at times
the stern of a “flute”, in which case it was called a “Bootschip” or
simply a “Boot”. At other times, the upper part was that of a pinnace
with _a converso_[21] so as to increase its cargo capacity. Again it
can be noted how most boats can be brought back to a fundamental type.
It is in this way that “advies Jachten” are often spoken of in history.
This was merely a generic name for all kinds of vessels employed for
the same purpose and including, especially, the “galliots”. (~Witsen~,
p. 165.) These vessels were then built with finer lines and greater
sail power so as to be able to move more quickly. The “galliots” had
generally two masts of different heights and, exceptionally, they had
three. They had no beakhead. They carried lee-boards at the beginning.
Their capacity varied from 160 to 300 tons. There are still a few left,
trading on the Baltic Sea, but they are smaller, having an average
length of 19 metres, a mean width of 4.50 m., and a depth of 2.20 m.
They too will soon disappear and give way to the steel “Kofs” and
“Hoys”. (~Le Comte~, p. 22.) The name “Galliot” is probably of Italian
origin. (~Koenen~, p. 140.)