DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
30. PL. I--Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are the plan, elevation, and longitudinal
section of one (264) of the sunk arch tombs believed to belong to the
early XIIth dynasty.
No. 4 gives the plan of the chamber in the IVth dynasty tomb of
Ka-mena; 5 and 6 are rough notes of the stone walls on the east and
south sides of the same chamber.
No. 7 gives the plan of the important tomb in which an inscribed
cylinder was found in association with Neolithic pots (No. 166, Sec. 13).
No. 8 is a rough-sketch plan of the great temple of El Kab, inserted
to show the position of the foundation deposits.
31. PL. II.--1. The stone vessels of the Neolithic period and the Old
Kingdom, as they were shown at University College. Only one was perfect;
even those that look most complete were picked out in small pieces from
the gravel or mud, and were put together by the help of our friends in
England. On the right hand are five slate paint slabs of the later
Neolithic type; nearer the wall are diorite bowls, alabaster tables,
flat dishes of limestone and alabaster, a bronze ewer (from Ka-mena),
and a pottery model of a granary.
No. 2 shows all the small objects from the important tomb with a
_maj[=u]r_ burial (166)--shells, ivory disc, ivory hairpins, a flint
flake, a steatite cylinder, beads, ivory bracelets, two pots and two
stone bowls. (For inscription on the cylinder _v._ PL. XX, 29).
No. 3 represents the objects from Ka-mena's tomb as photographed in
front of our house soon after being found (larger size in PL. III, 2).
No. 4 shows a mastaba wall when just excavated.
No. 5 is a view of our house with the stacks of pottery before it.
PL. III.--No. 1. The sandstone statue of Nefer-shem-em.
No. 2. The bronze and stone objects from Ka-mena of the time of
Sneferu, with whose name the flat diorite bowl below was inscribed.
The central bowl is of very light-coloured, translucent diorite, and
the deeper one of porphyry. Below are model tools in copper. (These
are given in outline, PL. XVIII, 56-65.)
PL. IV. (Note by Dr. Spiegelberg.)
1. Table of offerings from dry stream bed on desert near Amenhotep's
temple, dedicated with the usual formula addressed to Anubis, Osiris,
and Nekhbet, by "the confidential friend of the king, the treasurer,
chief prophet, destroying the evil (?) [Kfau? asf?]" ... and to his
father "deserving well of his god, the confidential friend of the
king, the treasurer,[A] chief prophet, privy councillor of the royal
treasure Shema[.a]."
[A] For _[d.]asuta_, see Spiegelberg in a forthcoming paper
of Aeg. Zeits.
This is the person mentioned in a rock inscription of El Kab,
published by Stern (Aeg. Zeitschr., 1875, PL. I r.). By this
identification we can claim this tablet for the VIth dynasty.
2. The inscription of this XIIth dynasty sandstone stela from the
cemetery must be divided in the middle. The right half--"the
well-deserved of Anubis, Usrtsn, son of Srtuy (?)"--relates to the
chief personage holding a _nabut_ in the left hand and the well-known
sceptre of command in the right.
The person behind, who carries a long Nymphaea caerulea, is "his
beloved son, Khuy, son of Mryt-[[.a]]tfs," and may be the dedicator
of this stela. So we have the following genealogy:--
Srtuy (?)
|
Usrtsn--Mryt-[[.a]]tfs
|
Khuy
3. Limestone stela of the end of the XIIth dynasty, from the cemetery,
dedicated by a certain Sabna to his father, who had the same name and
was a prophet of Amon.
In the first line we have the formula of offering addressed to Osiris,
the next contain this genealogy:--
Ankht[.a]t I
|
Ankht-[.a]t II = Sabna I = Mrt-[.a]ts
| |
[H.]ny Sabna II
PL. V.--No. 1. A figure of blue-glazed ware from a XIIth dynasty tomb
(No. 1). It represents a very flat-headed deity, with the youthful
side-lock, the body in mummy form, the darker lines representing a
bead network.
No. 2 is the alabaster ushabti of the XIIth dynasty.
No. 3 is the fine bronze (height 19 cm.), now at Ghizeh, representing
a man adoring Nekheb; his hands are side by side before him, palms
down. This is by far the finest of the 800 bronzes found together; of
these 700 were worthless, the rest ordinary Osiris figures.
No. 4. A group of the peculiar pots in which the characters of a table
of offerings and a model of a house seem to be combined. They are only
known in the Middle Kingdom, occurred at Ballas as well as El Kab, and
are common in museums. The offerings inside can be seen in good
examples to be the head and legs of an ox, bread (?), and jars of
water. One model shows the roof of a hut made of logs of wood, and the
outside staircase.
No. 5. A group found together, consisting of a _sa_ amulet of bronze,
a dark steatite cylinder, and a little glazed steatite draughtsman
with a human head and traces of some sign inscribed below. The
inscription on the cylinder is copied in PL. XX, 28, and is rather
puzzling. The name in a cartouche seems to be Ka-kau-ra, which is not
that of a known king. As the pottery in the tomb is of the XIIth
dynasty, and the tomb is in the cemetery of that period, one might
read Kha-kau-ra, Usertesen III, but his Ka name, Neter-kheperu, is
known, and cannot be read in the other name on the cylinder. The
cylinder is of a type known in the IVth and Vth dynasties, and Dr.
Petrie suggests that it may be Men-kau-ra, and that his Ka name was
Men-maat, the _maat_ being read with the straight sign only. If this
be so, we must suppose that the owner of this grave had found the
cylinder in some ancient site.
No. 6 shows one of the small clay figures of Nekheb found behind the
stone work of the east gate.
PL. VI.--No. 1. A group of the finest stone vases. The upright dish is
of diorite; rather more than two-thirds of it was recovered, all in
small pieces. It is inscribed _suten biti Sneferu_. The jar on the
left is of green slate, the central bowl of porphyry, and the rest
alabaster. All are probably of the IVth dynasty or earlier.
No. 2. On the left, in the back row, the commonest coarse pot of the
IVth dynasty, on the right, a less known type (XII, 29); in the centre
one of the pots of Neolithic type from Ka-mena's tomb. In front is the
inscribed piece of _maj[=u]r_ and the model of a granary, the latter
from Ka-mena.
32. PL. VII.--The upper of these two sketches by Mr. Clarke shows the
two mastabas, C and D, in course of excavation, the great wall of El
Kab behind. The lower view is between D and E (_cf._ PL. XXIII). It
shows the two boundary walls in the centre, the steep face of sand in
front, and (piled on the walls) a lot of the coarse pottery, which was
here found in great quantity. The measuring rod is the 2-metre pole
used in assessing the men's work.
PL. VIII.--No. 1 is a view of another mastaba. The brickwork, which
blocks up the northern (_i.e._, the nearer) niche, is of later date.
The two niches, or false doors, the passage or chapel, the two hollows
in the brickwork that were filled with earth, and the well, in this
case a very large one, are indicated in this view much as in a plan.
No. 2 is a copy made by Miss Murray of the lid of a toilette-box found
in a mastaba. It is made of a veneer (? on wood) of ivory, and blue
and black slips of glazed ware.
Nos. 3-9 are ivory fragments of another box.
PL. IX.--Copies of water-colour sketches of a stairway tomb, both
taken from below (by Miss Murray from Miss Pirie's sketches).
33. PL. X.--Stone vessels. 1-5 are of alabaster, and, with 6, come
from the sunk arches, believed to be of the earlier XIIth dynasty,
_i.e._, some time between the Old Kingdom and the reign of Usertesen
II; 7-12 are of the later XIIth dynasty; Nos. 7, 8 and 10 are the
common ones, the shape 7, when in stone, being, of course, not
decorated. The vertical alabasters of the XIIth dynasty are very
similar to some (as 23) of the earlier periods, but a slight swell
near the mouth (seen well in 47) and a greater spreading at the foot
(as in 23, 25) seem to me often to distinguish the early forms. The
shapes from 15 onwards belong to the Neolithic and Old Kingdom graves,
but 14 was in a XIIth dynasty grave (36); 15 is from a small stairway
tomb, 26 also. All the shapes are of alabaster, unless otherwise
marked. A rough example of No. 44 was found at Ballas, used anciently
as a lamp with floating wick.
34. PL. XI gives the distinctly Neolithic forms of pottery. Nos. 1, 2,
4, 12, 16, 18 are of coarse brown ware, 5-9, with 11, 13, 14, good
drab. No. 10 is a red pebble-polished ware, 15 is a dark red. Nos. 17
and 18 were found in a mastaba with Old Kingdom pots, and are probably
also of that period. No. 13 is the important type of hard brick-red
pot which was found in Ka-mena's tomb.
PL. XII.--The upper half of the plate (20-46 and 50) gives the forms
of the very coarse pottery found in great quantities above and in the
mastabas, and also near the temple of Amenhotep III on the desert.
Most were well known before, but 26 and 32 are new. The common forms
are 21, 22, 23, 32, 31, 34. No. 47 is the pot from Ka-mena's tomb,
much like a Neolithic form. Nos. 48, 49, 51, 55, and the three
sharp-edged bowls, are of a good ware, washed with haematite. The two
little pots 56 (from mastaba C, PL. XXIII) are unlike any others of
this period--pink inside, yellow out, with decoration in black line.
35. PL. XIII.--Nos. 1-28 are the types found in the sunk arch tombs
inside the walls, and are believed to be later than the Old Kingdom
pottery of the last plate, but earlier than that of the plates which
follow. Most of these pots are of a rather hard light red ware, and
can be distinguished by their material alone from most of the XIIth
dynasty pottery found outside the walls. But the forms 8-16 are of a
soft brown ware, and are very thick and heavy. All these pots are
wheel-made, but scraped over by hand in the lower half. The forms from
28a to 35 are XVIIIth and XIXth dynasty, from secondary burials in the
Middle Kingdom cemetery.
PL. XIV.--All but No. 3 are water-jars, 5, 6, 7, and 8 being the
common forms. No. 4, with the four ears, is in a fine hard drab ware,
and No. 1 is painted, but the rest, which were by far the commonest
forms, are of a rather coarse, soft pottery, varying in colour from
dull brown to pink; the brown ware is the softest and most liable to
flaking. In the last two can be seen the marks of the string by which
they were held together before being baked.
PL. XV continues the catalogue of XIIth dynasty pottery. Down the
centre are two large stands and a large bowl, each drawn from one
example, all of a hard, drab, polished ware. The bowls 11-14 and 16,
in a light-red, rather soft material, were common forms. The
hemispherical cup (18, 22) is still commoner, and was known from two
XIIth dynasty sites before. The dish in a soft red ware (21) was very
common, occurring in nearly every tomb. The cup and stand combined
(33, 34, 35) shows that the bowls in the upper part of this plate (11,
etc.) were generally placed upon the ring-stands (38-46). The compound
form is made in a weak material, and is seldom found unbroken. The
ring-stands are generally of red ware, more rarely (as 38) of the
better drab ware.
PL. XVI.--The bottle shapes at the top are generally in red clay, but
47 and 62 are of hard drab ware.
No. 57 may be noticed as being like a Neolithic form, with a common
Neolithic mark. The small forms, 63, 64, 67, and 68, are often found
together. When a tomb contains one of these small varieties, it
generally contains a great many. They perhaps mark some definite
period.
No. 60 is an ordinary water-jar. Nos. 58, 70, 71, 72 are the rare drab
jars, of which less than a dozen occurred in a hundred graves.
PL. XVII.--Common forms are 76, 77, 79, 84, 86. Some of the shapes, as
116, 131, also occur as the early XIIth dynasty pottery inside the
wall.
36. PL. XVIII contains the marks made while yet soft upon coarse pots
found in stairway tombs, mastabas, etc. Marks recur (as 7 and 9, 40
and 41) in different tombs. Hieroglyphs are not common, but occur (25,
46).
The name No. 44 occurs on a _maj[=u]r_, and confirms slightly the
early date given for those pots. Below are inscribed fragments of
limestone, 49-53 and 55, from Ka-mena's mastaba, 54 from a
neighbouring one. Nos. 56-65 are the copper models of tools from
Ka-mena's tomb.
PL. XIX gives the marks from XIIth dynasty pots, chiefly made after
baking, and therefore presumably due to the owners and not the
potters. Similar signs sometimes recur in different tombs (44 and 48,
45 and 46, 37 and 38, 29 and 30, 32 and 33). Can they be notes of the
contents of the jars?
37. PL. XX.--No. 1 is a piece of a bowl of incised ware found in a
stairway tomb.
Nos. 2, 3 and 4 are also fragments of an incised ware found in some
irregular holes on the north side of the hill of Paheri, and not
before mentioned. With them were a few very late blue glaze beads, and
two pots that were probably Roman, but these three fragments are
evidently much older.
No. 5 is the outline of a _maj[=u]r_, the large pot used as a coffin
in the Old Kingdom.
No. 6 is a fragment of Neolithic pottery from one of the small graves
inside the town (_cf._ Naqada, XXXV, 74).
Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are from intrusive burials in the XIIth
dynasty cemetery. No. 13, perhaps Roman, has a certain importance in
the question of the date of the great wall (_cf._ Sec. 27).
No. 14 is one of the pots from the pigeon-house in the south of the
town (PL. XXIV).
After the scarabs come six cylinders.
No. 28, in black stone, perhaps Men-kau-ra, but from the XIIth dynasty
cemetery.
No. 29, in green steatite, from a stairway tomb.
No. 30, probably copper, not bronze, found with a _maj[=u]r_ burial.
Nos. 31 and 33, black stone and ivory respectively, from another Old
Kingdom well.
No. 32, a well-known type of black stone cylinder, found in a mastaba
with a scrap of diorite, on which the name of Sneferu was scratched.
38. PL. XXI gives the objects from the different foundation deposits.
The first sixteen are from the small temple of Thothmes III. Nos. 1, 2
and 4 are of blue glaze. The spiral mark on the bead is noteworthy; it
is common in the XIIth dynasty, and is also known in the XVIIIth at
Deir-el-Bahri. Nos. 3 and 8 are sandstone corn-rubbers, with
inscriptions in blue paint; 5 and 9 are alabaster models of the head
of a fire-drill (?) and of a double shell. The inscriptions are all
the same: "The good god, Menkheper-ra, beloved of Nekheb." No. 10 is a
little wooden girdle-tie; 6, 7 and 11 are bronze tools. The five pots
below are on a smaller scale.
Nos. 17 to 24 are the pots from the deposits of Amenhotep II, found
under the great temple inside El Kab.
From No. 25 onwards all are from the later deposits (PL. I, 8 N), also
under the great temple. Of green glaze are Nos. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
38, 39 and 48; of bronze are Nos. 31, 33, 34, 35, 32; of clay, 41 and
47. No. 42 is of bone, No. 37 of calcite, Nos. 36 and 39 of red
glass. Nos. 43 and 44 (scale 1/6) are the typical shapes of pottery.
Nos. 45 and 46 show the coarse sandstone mortars found in these
deposits.
39. PL. XXII is a plan of the XIIth dynasty tombs found outside the
east wall of the temple.
PL. XXIII gives the large group of mastabas found under the heap of
sand north of the town wall.
PL. XXIV shows a group of buildings in the southern half of the town
enclosure, mastabas, small open graves of the Libyan period, and
arched graves of the XIIth dynasty.
PL. XXV gives drawings of a stone gateway in the great wall, under
which a vain search was made for foundation deposits.
PL. XXVI gives the plan of the small temple of Thothmes III north of
the town, from which the numerous foundation deposits were obtained.
The deposits are indicated by circles.
40. PL. XXVII is a catalogue of the small Libyan tombs showing the
groups of alabaster and pottery vessels that are commonly grouped
together.
* * * * *
INDEX.
PAGE
Alabaster vases, etc 4-6, 8-10, 13, 14, 18, 19
Amen-ankh-as, scarab of 5
Amenemhat III, cylinder of 15
Amenhotep III's temple 2, 16
Analysis of copper tools 4
Arching, brick 13, 14
Balls of limestone and carnelian 7
Beads, amethyst 15
" blue frit 9
" with gold caps 10
" blue glaze 20
" carnelian 7-9, 14, 15
" copper 9
" felspar 9
" glass 16
" gold 7, 9, 14
" gold foil 14
" green felspar 9
" green glaze 6, 15
" haematite 15
" ivory 9, 15
" lapis lazuli 14
" serpentine 6, 9
" shell discs 15
" steatite 9
Blue-glaze figure 18
Box for burial 7-9
Bracelets 6, 7, 9, 10, 18
Bronze figures, late 17, 18
Burial, headless 10
" irregular 5
" contracted 6, 7, 9, 10
Burials, number in chamber 15
Canopic jars 8
Cists, pottery 4-6, 8, 10, 11
Clarke, Mr. Somers 1
Comb 6, 10
Copper, bowl and ewer of 4, 18
" _sa_ amulet 18
" tools, analysis 4, 18, 20
" rod 14
Corn-grinders 20
Cylinder of Ka-ra 10, 20
" of Men-kau-ra 19
" of User-kaf 10, 20
" Usertesen III 18
" of Amenemhat III 15
" black stone 5, 6, 20
" ivory 6, 20
" steatite 10, 12, 18, 20
Dating of New Race 11, 12
Diorite bowls 3-8, 18
Distribution of antiquities 1
Dolls, rude pottery 6
Doors, slabs for 3, 7, 8
Draughtsman, glazed steatite 18
Ewer, copper 4, 18
Felspar, discs of 6, 9, 15
Fire-drill, model 20
Flint, knife 8
" flake 18
Foundation-deposits 16, 20
Foundations of temple 2
Girdle-tie, wooden 20
Gold 7, 9, 14
Graffiti, rock with 2
Granary, models of 4, 18, 19
Graves 9, 10
Green paint 4, 5
" " on face 3, 12
" glaze beads 6, 15
Hairpins 6, 8, 9, 18
Haworth, Mr. Jesse 1
Inscriptions 16, 18
" on corn-grinders 20
Incised pottery, black 7, 8, 12, 20
Ivory box 4
" cup 7
" jars 7
" bowls 7
" disc 9, 18
" veneer 9, 19
Jar, marble 8, 14
" green slate 19
Jars, cylinder with cordage pattern (lattice) 9
" wavy-handled 9
" blocking doorways 14
Kab, El, description of site 2
" " wall of 2
" " Roman landing-stage 2
" " temple foundations 2
" " evidence for dating New Race 11
Ka-mena, mastaba of 3
Ka-ra, steatite cylinder of 10, 20
Kohl-pots 15
" sticks, ivory 15
Libyan burials 3
" or New Race 11
" race, relation to Old Kingdom 12
Limestone bowls 6
" vases 7, 8
Linen cloth 11
Maj[=u]r burials 3-10, 13, 19, 20
Malachite 4, 7, 10, 11
Mastaba of Ka-mena 3
Mastabas with square shafts 3-7
" with sloping stairways 3, 7-9
Mastabas with sloping stairways,
neolithic character of 8
Matwork 9
Mena's tomb, later New Race 13
Men-kau-ra, cylinder of 19
Middle Kingdom tombs 13
Mirror, XVIIIth dynasty 15
Mirrors without handles 15
Model of shell 20
" tools, copper 4, 18
Mummification, absence of 15
Neb.ra, steatite plaque 7
Nectanebo, cartouche 17
Nefer-shem-em 5, 18
Neolithic burials 3
" _see_ Libyan 11
" relation to Old Kingdom 12
New Race, burials 3
" _see_ Libyan 11
" absence of Egyptian types 12
" relation to Old Kingdom 12
" characteristics 13
" pre-dynastic 11
Palette, slate 6, 8, 9
" rubbers for 8
Paint-slabs with pestles 15, 17
Permission, delay in receiving 1
Pigeon-house (?) 17, 20
Pirie, Miss A. A. 1
Plaque, steatite, Neb.ra 7
Porphyry bowl 4, 5, 18, 19
Pottery, Neolithic or New Race 4, 6, 8
" of IVth dynasty 7-10, 16, 19, 20
" of XIIth dynasty 3
" of XVIIIth dynasty 15
" of New Race, handmade 12
" bars of 5, 10
" coffins 4-6, 8, 10, 11
" marks 8, 20
" coarse, animal head 9
" " dolls 6
" wheel-made 10, 19
Rameses II, temple of 2
Recurrence of groups 8
Rock-inscriptions 16
Roofing of tombs 4, 9, 11, 14
Roman landing-stage 2
Saucers, with cross of white paint 14
Scarabs 15
Seals, jar 8
Serpentine beads 6
Shell with white paint 4
" with green paint 6, 9-11
Slate, dish of 6
" palette 6, 8, 9
Sneferu, diorite bowls of 3, 5
" Ka-name on diorite dish 4, 19
Soul-houses 18
Spatula 10
Spatulae, serpentine and basalt 15
Sphinxes, seated 15
Stairway tombs 3, 7-9
" " XIIth dynasty 13
Statues of Nefer-shem-em 5, 18
Statuette, alabaster 15, 18
Steles, XIIth dynasty 15, 18
Table of offerings, early 16, 18
Thothmes III's temple 16
Tombs, rock, living in 1
" types of 3
Tylor, Mr. J. J. 1
User-Kaf, inscribed cylinder of 10, 20
Usertesen III, cylinder of 18
Ushabti, alabaster 15, 18
Workmen, from Quft 1
LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
* * * * *
EL KAB. TOMB PLANS. I.
[Illustration: EARLY XII. DYN. TOMB. PLAN, SECTION AND ELEVATION.]
[Illustration: PLAN OF MAGUR BURIAL NO. 166.]
[Illustration: KAMENA CHAMBER, PLAN.]
[Illustration: KAMENA CHAMBER, SIDE AND END.]
[Illustration: POSITION OF FOUNDATION DEPOSITS UNDER TEMPLE.]
EL KAB. II.
[Illustration: STONE VASES, OLD KINGDOM.]
[Illustration: CYLINDER, BEADS, &c., FROM ONE TOMB. (Sec. 13.)]
[Illustration: FROM TOMB OF KAMENA. (Sec. 5.)]
[Illustration: PART OF A MASTABA WALL.]
[Illustration: POTTERY BEFORE THE HOUSE.]
EL KAB. III.
[Illustration: NEFER-SHEM-EM.]
[Illustration: FROM TOMB OF KA-MENA.]
EL KAB. IV.
[Illustration: FROM NEAR AMENHOTEP III. TEMPLE.]
[Illustration: XII. DYN. STELA.]
[Illustration: XII. DYN. STELA.]
EL KAB. V.
[Illustration: GLAZE.]
[Illustration: ALABASTER USHABTI.]
[Illustration: BRONZE].
[Illustration: XII. DYN.]
[Illustration: SA AMULET, ETC.]
[Illustration: GATE DEPOSIT.]
EL KAB. VI.
[Illustration: DIORITE AND ALABASTER. OLD EMPIRE.]
[Illustration: POTTERY OF OLD EMPIRE.]
EL KAB. MASTABAS. VII.
[Illustration: MASTABAS C. AND NEFERSHEMEM, LOOKING TO GREAT NORTH
WALL.]
[Illustration: MASTABAS OF NEFERSHEMEM AND E., LOOKING TO GREAT NORTH
WALL.]
EL KAB. MASTABA. VIII.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: LID OF A BOX, OLD EMPIRE.]
[Illustration]
EL KAB. STAIRWAY TOMB. IX.
[Illustration: FROM BELOW LOOKING NORTH]
[Illustration: FROM BELOW LOOKING SOUTH]
EL KAB. ALABASTER VESSELS, XII. AND IV. DYN. X.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. LIBYAN AND OLD KINGDOM POTTERY. XI.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. OLD KINGDOM POTTERY. XII.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. POTTERY, EARLY XII. DYN. XIII.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. XII. DYN. WATER JARS. XIV.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. XII. DYN. POTTERY. XV.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. XII. DYN. POTTERY. XVI.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. XII. DYN. POTTERY. XVII.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. MARKS ON OLD KINGDOM POTTERY. XVIII.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: LIMESTONE FRAGMENTS. BRONZE TOOLS.]
EL KAB. MARKS ON MIDDLE KINGDOM POTS. XIX.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. XX.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
[Illustration: XII. DYN. SCARABS. CYLINDERS.]
EL KAB. FOUNDATION DEPOSITS. XXI.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. CEMETERY E. OF TOWN. XXII.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. MASTABAS. XXIII.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. GROUP OF TOMBS IN S.E. ANGLE OF THE ENCLOSURE. XXIV.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. GATEWAY IN WALL. XXV.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: SOUTH END OF PASSAGE THROUGH SOUTH WALL.]
[Illustration: NORTH END OF PASSAGE THROUGH SOUTH WALL.]
EL KAB. TEMPLE OF THOTHMES III. XXVI.
[Illustration]
EL KAB. SMALL LIBYAN TOMBS. XXVII.
[Illustration]