STEAMSHIP LINES ON THE WEST COAST
SIDE TRIP TO ECUADOR
_Panama to Callao and Valparaiso_—The Pacific Steam Navigation Company;
and Compañia Sud-Americana de Vapores—each with sailings alternate
Mondays; the Compañia Peruana de Vapores—sailings alternate Mondays to
Valparaiso, alternate Sundays as far as Mollendo.
_Panama to Guayaquil_—The Pacific Steam Navigation Company—two steamers
weekly; one express direct, one accommodation, calling at Colombia and
Ecuador ports. The Compañia Peruana de Vapores—fortnightly, on Sundays,
direct.
_Guayaquil to Callao_—The Pacific Steam Navigation Company; the Compañia
Sud-Americana de Vapores—alternate sailings weekly on Wednesdays; the
Compañia Peruana de Vapores—fortnightly sailings on Wednesdays.
The traveler going southward from Panama to Callao or beyond has at
present a choice of ships on three different lines: Peruvian, English,
and Chilian; the second, often called the P.S.N., now a branch of the
Royal Mail; the third, that of the Compañia Sud-Americana de Vapores.
The through ticket purchased in New York to a South American port, or a
roundtrip ticket, good on any of these lines, _will not be accepted_ on
the steamers for transportation. Being certificates merely, they must be
exchanged for tickets in Panama at the office of that steamship line by
which one has decided to sail. The cabin may there be selected and
assigned.
As the boats vary in size and speed, individually, rather than according
to the line, travelers are apt to go by the first steamer sailing after
they are ready to depart; yet some have a preference and arrange their
plans accordingly. Peruvians and Chilians are likely to patronize their
respective lines; some English-speaking people prefer the P.S.N. Others
have a favorite ship or captain. Since the chief officers on most of the
ships of all the lines are British, while the subordinates, stewards,
cabin boys, etc., are Spanish Americans, the difference is not striking,
although the P.S.N. boats seem a trifle more English. On these the menu
is in English and Spanish both, on the Chilian Line in Spanish only. The
boats of the Peruvian Line, the newest and the largest, are preferred by
some Americans who have tried all of the lines. The various steamers are
lighted by electricity, the Peruvian have also electric fans, for the
use of which a charge of $1.00 is made for the trip. Deck chairs cost
$1.25. Most of the ships on all lines have on the upper deck a handsome
salon with piano, card tables, sofas, perhaps a fairly stocked
book-case, a spacious well-furnished dining-room, and a large
comfortable smoking room, besides considerable space for deck golf and
other sports. The Peruvian steamers have on this deck four cabins at a
price ten per cent higher than those below. The cabins in general are on
the second deck, all opening on an outside passage with door and window,
each furnished with blinds. On my first voyage I provided myself with
mosquito netting, as advised, especially for the trip to Guayaquil; but
never had occasion to use it. In the rainy season, from December to
June, one would be indispensable for the tourist visiting Ecuador, but
is superfluous at any time to one going directly to Peru. Meal hours
vary slightly on the different steamers, but all serve coffee with toast
or rolls in cabin or dining-room from 6.30 to 8.30 a.m. At last accounts
condensed milk, unfortunately, was the accompaniment. Persons who object
to this will be happier if they provide themselves in New York with a
few five cent cans of the evaporated. On the East Coast the ships appear
to have regular milk, but as late as 1911 I saw none on the West. The
hours of the meals are at the pleasure of the captains; on the English
boats generally, breakfast is at nine or half past, on the others it may
be at ten or eleven: luncheon is served at 1, 1.30, or 2 p.m., dinner at
6, 6.30, or 7. Some ships have afternoon tea at four, others have tea at
8.30 or 9 p.m. Breakfast, in Spanish, _almuerzo_, begins with _cazuela_,
a kind of soup, which is followed by fish, entrées, eggs, beefsteak,
etc.: at luncheon there are cold dishes only, meats and salad, except
for hot potatoes, tea, and coffee. The dinner resembles breakfast, but
has a different kind of soup, while roasts and sweets are served at this
meal only. As many of the ships are unprovided with cold storage, the
meat, eaten the day after it is killed, is often tough. For this reason
the boiled meats and the South American dishes generally are apt to be
better than the roasts; that is, if you like them. It is well to have a
try, for many are really good. Of fruit, oranges and bananas are always
in evidence, sometimes melons, and paltas (alligator pears or aguacate),
which as salad are very fine.
_Balboa_, the place of embarkation, formerly called La Boca, is ten or
fifteen minutes by rail from the Panama station. Its present name, in
honor of the discoverer of the Pacific, dates from April 30, 1909, when,
adopting the suggestion of Hon. Alfonzo Pezet, then Peruvian Minister to
Panama, Colonel Goethals issued a circular with the mandate that La Boca
should in future be known as Balboa.
Before embarking for the south, it is important to look up one’s baggage
and see that it is put on board the ship by which one is about to sail.
Baggage which is checked through to Callao or elsewhere will probably be
brought over to this port and remain in the baggage room until it is
pointed out by the owner and the ship is designated on which he will
sail. This is an absolute necessity. Otherwise it might be sent on an
earlier or a different steamer, when, with no one to look after it and
pay for its transport to land, it might sail up and down the coast a
year or two, or until the ship people decided to dump it in the ocean.
Hence, _always, look after your baggage_, throughout the entire trip.
Failing in care, you are likely never to see it more. Ample time should
be allowed for the purpose, and no harm will be done if, at the Panama
station, you investigate to see if by chance your baggage has been left
there instead of at the Balboa dock.
A matter by no means to be overlooked before embarkation is the
procuring of _Peruvian money_, silver and gold for use on the steamer
and in landing. English sovereigns and half sovereigns, equal to 10 and
5 _soles_, will do as well as Peruvian coins of the same value; but one
should have silver coins as well, a _sol_ equaling 48½. cents. Exchange
will be made at the banks or by money changers in Panama.
Tourists will generally embark at Balboa for Peru; but Colombia and
Ecuador may be included in the tour if desired. Two steamers sail for
Guayaquil, one express, making no calls en route, the other, _caletero_,
or as we should term it, if a train, accommodation, calling at various
ports in Colombia and Ecuador. _Buenaventura_ in Colombia is the port
for its capital, Bogotá, a city charmingly situated, with a delightful
climate, containing many cultivated people and luxurious homes, yet by
any route a tedious journey from the sea. From Cali which the railroad
nearly reaches, a town five hours by rail from Buenaventura, it is eight
or ten days on mule or horseback. Few at present will undertake the trip
except for business or scientific research.
Quito, the capital of Ecuador, far more accessible, and oftener visited,
will yet be omitted by the majority; not because there is nothing to
see, but because one with limited time for the tour will content himself
with scenes of more or less similar character on the direct line of the
journey. Moreover the reputation of the port of Guayaquil as a hot bed
of yellow fever, to say nothing of bubonica, leprosy, and smallpox is
such that most persons prefer to give it a wide berth. Formerly there
was mutual recrimination between Guayaquil and Panama, each asserting
that the yellow fever was imported from the other city; but now the case
is clear. Panama has long had a clean bill of health, while Guayaquil
(1912) was as bad as ever, if not worse. Some years ago our American Dr.
Lloyd attempted to clean up the place, but on account of insufficient
funds and authority succeeded in accomplishing little beyond getting the
yellow fever himself. As a good part of the city lies low by the river’s
edge, the problem seems difficult; yet with sufficient money its
sanitation may be accomplished. If the present plans of the Ecuadorian
Government are carried out, by 1915 Guayaquil will probably again be on
the same plane of health as Panama. Should one meanwhile be disposed to
venture probably no harm would befall. Dr. Baker, American Consul at
Guayaquil states (December, 1912) that the city may safely be visited
from June 1 to October 1, but not at other times.
Furthermore, one desiring to visit Quito, the equatorial city, to see
far famed Chimborazo, and Cotopaxi, the loftiest of active volcanoes,
may do this without going to Guayaquil, or at least without staying
there, and thus he may proceed.
On the third morning after leaving Panama, on express steamer for
Guayaquil, one is likely to find his ship anchored at the quarantine
station, _Puná_, on an island at the mouth of the Guayas River. It is a
pleasant sail north, up this broad stream, the most important in South
America flowing into the Pacific Ocean. The low green shores are heavily
fringed with trees or bushes. Ridges and peaks of blue will presently
appear, possibly the snow-crowned Chimborazo, but this on rare occasions
on account of incessant clouds.
=Guayaquil=, a few hours from Puná, appears from the steamer’s deck a
pretty place, stretching several miles along the river front, a city of
75,000 inhabitants. The buildings made of wood, plastered over to
resemble marble, look quite imposing. There is a cathedral and other
churches, and good public buildings; a Club, the Union, is said by one
globetrotter to be the best he had seen in the tropics save one at
Hongkong. Worth visiting are the pretty plazas with rare and luxuriant
vegetation, the market, and a great hospital on the hill above the town,
fitted with modern appliances, and comparing favorably, one says, with
the Ancon Hospital at Panama.
The swift current of the river is noticeable, the strong tide running
rapidly, six hours each, up and down. Small boats, taking advantage of
this, may thus go with slight effort in either direction; but with hard
labor if the tide is adverse. Much used are the native _balsas_, made of
tree trunks, five, seven, or nine lashed together, many with small
houses upon them. With _balsas_ they even venture upon the ocean as far
as Paita. Panama hats are here purchasable, which with cocoa and ivory
nuts are among the chief exports of the country.
To make the journey to Quito one may, the day of arrival, cross from
Guayaquil by boat to Durán on the other side of the river, whence a
railroad leads 297 miles to the capital city. The fare from Guayaquil is
$17.40 each way. Departing from Durán Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at
6.30 a.m., the train arrives at 6.30 p.m. at Riobamba, where the night
is spent at the Grand Central Hotel, price one or two dollars. Leaving
Riobamba at 6.40 a.m. one arrives at Quito at four. Each day a halt is
made for the noon meal at a way station. The train, at first passing
among great sugar estates, then ascending gradually through a luxuriant
tropical region, presently reaches the higher temperate zone where by
contrast the night will seem decidedly chill. At 4000 or 5000 feet the
way seems barred by lofty hills, but the American constructing engineer
cut in the face of the granite a zigzag path with switchbacks of four
levels making a rise to 9000 feet. After some distance through volcanic
country, a similar cul-de-sac is surmounted by a similar switchback with
a seven per cent grade to the Pass of Palmyra, 12,000 feet. Wastes of
sand and shifting grass, resembling a sea-coast, are an unexpected
variety in the scenery.
Descending gradually to Cajabamba, 11,000 feet, one passes, the first
afternoon, splendid _Chimborazo_, still supposed by many to be the
highest mountain in America, _a great mistake_, as its altitude is only
20,498 feet, more than that of Mt. McKinley, but over 2000 feet _less_
than that of Aconcagua, on the border of Chile and Argentina, the
highest measured mountain on the Western Hemisphere. Moreover, this
tallest of the Ecuadorian Andes is surpassed by fifty or more peaks
farther south; among these, Huascarán and Coropuna in Peru, Illampu,
Illimani, and Sajama in Bolivia. The first ascent of Chimborazo, made in
1880 by Edward Whymper with two Swiss guides, was at the time considered
a wonderful feat. The same year Whymper ascended the active volcano,
Cotopaxi, 19,613 feet, farther east and nearer to Quito. Near Cajabamba
are a few remains of ancient Inca edifices.
Beyond Riobamba, a little farther on, the road the second day goes lower
to Ambato, 8000 feet, a town in a deep basin with a delightful climate,
headquarters for trade with the _Oriente_. A broad sterile plain is
crossed near the foot of _Cotopaxi_, a beautiful truncated cone, smoking
continuously. Above the snow clad slopes, a gray and white cloud is
formed in the shape of an enormous branching tree, which at length
breaks off and floats away. Near the snow line of the volcano is a huge
mass of rock called the Inca’s head, said to have been the original
summit of the mountain, torn off and hurled below on the day of the
execution of the Inca, Atahuallpa. Beyond the Pass Chasqui is the
charming green valley Machachi. In a bowl shaped depression entered by
three gateways, through one of which the railroad passes, crossing a
bridge over the Machangara River, is found the white, but red-roofed
city, the capital famed as lying under the equator; it is within a
quarter of a degree.
=Quito.= Beautifully situated among the mountains at an altitude of 9600
feet, Quito enjoys a climate as delightful as the prospect. In former
days travelers have united their admiration for the scenery with groans
over the accommodations provided. It is said that good hotels now exist,
the Royal Palace, the Hotel de Paris, Hotel Americano, and Casa Azul.
The city has a population of 75,000, including many charming and
cultivated Spanish Americans, and more Indians, who in gay ponchos of
orange and scarlet are a striking contrast to the ladies in smart
victorias, the gentlemen in frock coats and silk hats, the officers in
dress uniforms, and the throng of mules, horses, donkeys, and llamas,
frequently crowding the streets.
On the principal plaza are handsome government and municipal buildings,
the cathedral, and the bishop’s palace. Among many beautiful churches
and convents is the Jesuits’ church, the interior superb in scarlet and
genuine gold, and its choir singers imported from Europe. Quito, too,
has one of the prettiest theatres in South America, which is saying more
than you might imagine, if this is your first call on that continent.
The temperature of Quito averaging 60°, ranging from 50° to 70° only, is
comfortable enough to make exercise desirable, and variety is easily
attained. A half day’s journey will bring one to a deep sultry valley
with tropical vegetation; hence every kind of fruit and vegetable is in
the market. Or four hours will take one to a region of eternal frost.
And thither every one should go, for from the top of Mt. Pichincha,
16,000 feet, at the foot of which is Quito, may be had a splendid view
of twenty snowclad peaks, from 15,000 to 20,000 feet in height.
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