Ex.—_It’s owered wiv him noo, wa’ve gitten him sahded by._
+Saim+, +Saam+, _n._ Lard.
+Sair+, _adj._ Sore, in all its senses.
Ex.—_Wa’ve ’ed a sair tahm_, i.e. ‘a sad time.’ _It’s varra sair
news_, i.e. ‘sorrowful.’ _T’ lad’s gitten a naisty sair spot_,
i.e. ‘sore.’
+Sair+, +Sairly+, _adv._ Sorely, greatly, extremely; used as an
intensive.
Ex.—_Sha’ll be sairly missed, will Jane. It war a sair mannish’d
job. Sha sairly wanted ti git yam._
+Sam+, _v._ 1. To cause milk to curdle, to coagulate.
2. To gather in a hurry.
3. To pack things carelessly.
Ex.—2. _Ah samm’d all t’ lot tigither iv a twinklin’._
3. _Sam ’em in onnyhoo._
+Sammer+, _adj._ Larger than usual.
+Santer+, _v._ To loiter, to walk slowly.
+Sappy+, _adj._ Heavy, sodden.
+Sap-tree+, _n._ The rowan-tree.
+Sark+, _n._ A shirt or chemise.
+Sarten+, _adj._ Certain.
+Sarve+, _v._ 1. To feed cattle.
2. To pay back revengefully.
Ex.—1. _Thoo mun sarve t’ pigs._
2. _Ah’ll sarve him oot foor ’t._
+Sattle+, _v._ To settle, usually followed by ‘down’; to feel at
home.
Ex.—_Ah s’ sattle efter a bit. Oha, he’s sattled doon neycely._
+Sattle one’s hash, To+, To completely discomfit.
Ex.—_If sha sez owt ti me Ah’ll seean sattle her hash, an’ tell
her her neeam fur nowt an’ all; sha’d best leeak oot_.
+Sauce+, _n._ and _v._ An impudent answer.
Ex.—_Ah tell’d her what Ah thowt, an’ sha sauced ma back ageean
leyke all that._
+Sau’t+, _n._ Salt.
+Sau’t-kit+, _n._ Salt-box.
+Sauve+, _n._ Ointment.
+Sauve+, _v._ 1. To cajole.
2. To apply ointment.
Ex.—1. _Thoo mun sauve him ower byv talking neycely._
+Savelicks+, _n._ Canker of the dog-rose.
+Saw-cum+, +-com+, or +-coom+, _n._ Sawdust.
+Saw-hoss+, _n._ A saw-pit, or the arrangement of two tressels upon
which the wood to be sawn is rested.
+Say+, _n._ 1. Power, influence.
2. Opinion.
Ex.—1. _T’ parson ’ez t’ maist say ov onnybody hereabouts._
2. _Noo let me saay mah saay noo_, i.e. ‘Now let me express my
opinion now.’
+Say+, _v._ To control or influence.
Ex.—_Ther’s neea saying onny o’ Martha’s bairns. Ah caan’t saay
t’ dog._
+Scacelings+, _adv._ Scarcely.
+Scaldered, To be+, _v._ To have an unhealthy skin, so that the
surface comes off in scales. Children’s heads are often said to
be scaldered when suffering from dandruff.
+Scalderings+, _n._ Nodules of half-burnt lime.
+Scale+, +Scaling+, _v._ To scatter or spread, as manure; to cause
the milk to be absorbed in the female breast.
+Scale-dish+, _n._ A shallow metal pan used to skim milk.
+Scallibrat+, _n._ A passionate, noisy child.
+Scamp+, _v._ To execute work in a dishonest manner, not paying
attention to details which are hidden from view.
+Scar+, _n._ The face of a precipitous rock, or the rock itself.
+Scart+, _v._ Frightened.
+Scaud+, _n._ and _v._ A scold, a vixenish woman.
+Scaud-heead+, _n._ Applied both to dandruff and ringworm.
+Scau’p+, _n._ The head, the skull, the bare spots of rock and
stones on a hillside.
+Sconce+, _n._ 1. A screen, usually lined with tin, which is kept
very bright so as to reflect; this is placed in front of any
joint roasting before the fire.
2. Hence the usage of the word in the sense of a ‘ruse,’
‘deception,’ i.e. a screen to hide one’s real intentions.
Ex.—2. _He aim’d at wa s’u’d think ’at he’d cum’d ti see t’ au’d
chap, bud it war nowt bud a sconce ti finnd oot what wa’d
gitten i’ t’ hoos._ The word is also used in the sense of
‘tale-bearing’ in such a way as either to hide one’s own fault
or to obtain one’s own ends.
+Scopperil+, _n._ A teetotum, a pierced bone button with a wooden
peg through it.
+Scourging top+, +Scurgy+, _n._ A whipping-top.
+Scow+, _n._ Confusion, hurried and somewhat disorganized
preparation for an expected event, bustle with confusion.
+Scowder+, +Scowderment+, _n._ Confusion.
+Scraffle+, _v._ To struggle, to strive.
Ex.—_Ah mannished ti scraffle thruff’t, bud Ah s’all tak t’
hedge t’ next tahm. Sha’s deean mair ’an weel ti scraffle on
wi’ a family leyke yon._
+Scrag-cauf+, _n._ A name applied to females whose legs are very
thin.
+Scraggy+, _adj._ Lean.
+Scran+, _n._ Food.
+Scranky+, _adj._ Very lank.
+Scrannel+, _adj._ Poor, worthless.
+Scrap+, _v._ and _n._ To quarrel.
+Scrape+, _n._ Misfortune, trouble.
+Scrape the tongue, To+, _v._ To speak affectedly.
+Scrat+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To scratch.
2. A scraping together of one’s belongings by hard toil.
Ex.—2. _Yan gits yan’s things scratted tigither oddly by_
_tahms. Neeaboddy’s made a harder scrat foor what tha’ve
gitten ’an Lisa Jane._
+Scrat+, _n._ A miser, the itch.
+Scrat, Au’d+, _n._ The devil.
+Scrawm+, _v._ To scratch irregular marks on any surface, to grope
about in the dark.
+Scrawmy+, _adj._ Straggly, irregular, unshapely.
+Scrawmy cauf+, _n._ A badly shaped leg. _adj._ +Scrawmy-cauf’d.+
_Ex.—Mah wo’d, bud Polly war sairly flowter’d when Ah dropped on
her shauming, ant Ah seeaa sha’d neea call ti be, fer sha’s
owt bud a scrawmy-cauf’d un._
+Screed+, _v._ To run a line or border on the edge of anything.
+Screed+, _n._ A shred, the border or edge of any material.
+Screeve+, _v._ To mark with a screever.
+Screever+, _n._ A small pointed steel tool used to mark metal,
&c.; the sound produced by such marking.
+Scriggle+, _v._ To twist about.
+Scrimp+, _adj._ 1. Niggardly.
2. Scant.
3. Short.
Ex.—1. _It war nobbut a scrimpy do._
2. _It war a varra scrimpy set oot._
3. _Did ta run sho’t o’ stuff? T’ sket nobbut seems scrimpy an’
sho’tish at t’ back._
+Scrogs+, _n._ Stunted bushes or shrubs.
+Scrout+, _v._ To lengthen, as the days.
+Scrow+ and +Scrowing+. _Vide_ +Scow+.
+Scruff+, _n._ Scurf, either on the skin or head; scum, hence ‘the
rabble.’
+Scruffle+, +Scruffling+, _v._ 1. To push, strive, to put on one
side by force, as pushing through a crowd.
2. To weed turnips.
Ex.—1. _Ah’d a despert scruffle afoor Ah gat inti t’ tent.
Neeabody teeak na notish o’ neeabody, bud iverybodd scruffled
t’ best waay tha c’u’d, whahl wa war all scruffling tigither._
+Scruffle+, _n._ A quarrel accompanied with a struggle, an unruly
crowd.
+Scruffler+, _n._ A hoe for weeding turnip rows. Formerly it was
fashioned from an old horse-shoe fixed to a long handle.
+Scuff+, _n._ The nape of the neck.
+Scuff+, _v._ To seize or shake by holding the neck.
+Scumfish+, _v._ To oppress with either heat, smoke, or foul air.
+Scut+ or +Scud+, _v._ To run away.
+Scutter+, _v._ To run away quickly.
+Scutters+, _n._ Diarrhoea.
+Scuttle+, _n._ An open rough-made basket considerably narrowing
towards the bottom, and used to gather potatoes in, &c.
+Sea-fret+, _n._ Fine rain, usually commencing with the rise of
the tide.
+Seagling+, _part._ Sauntering.
+Sea-tang+, _n._ Sea-weed or wrack (_Laminaria digitata_).
+Seddle+, _n._ The wrist-bone.
+Seea+, +Sae+, +Sa+, +Soa+, +Sooa+, _adv._ So.
+Seear+, +Shower+, _adj._ and _adv._ Sure.
+Seed+, _pf. part._ of ‘Saw.’
+Seed-lip+, _n._ The basket from which the seed corn is cast when
thrown on the land.
+Seeing-glass+, _n._ A looking-glass.
+Seeve+, +Seeave+, _n._ The common rushes (_Juncus effusus_ and
_conglomeratus_).
+Seet+, _adj._ Considerable, many.
Ex.—_Ther war a seet main fooak theear ’an what Ah thowt ther’d
be. He’s a seet better ’an what Ah leeak’d foor._
+Segged+, _v._ To be distended, swollen, accompanied by hardness.
+Seggrums+, _n._ Common ragwort.
+Seggy+, _adj._ Second.
Ex.—_Bags Ah seggy_, i.e. ‘Second turn.’
+Segs+, _n._ A name applied somewhat loosely to several rushes and
flags.
+Sen+, +Sin+, _adv._ Since.
+Servers+, _n._ Females, generally two in number, who hand the cake,
biscuits, and wine to mourners and others at a burial.
+Set+, _v._ To accompany any one either the whole or a short way on
a journey.
Ex.—_Tommy set ma ivver sae fur. He put t’ meer in an’ set ma all
t’ waay. Ah’ve setten her ti t’ deearstan._
+Set+, _v._ To arrange or settle a price.
Ex.—_Setten at that price, he’d nivver git his awn ageean. Ah’ve
setten it at less na what Ah aimed ti git._
+Set a day, To+, _v._ To fix a definite appointment.
+Set agate+, _v._ To set in motion, to start work, to put into
action. _Vide_ +Agate+.
+Set in+, _adj._ Applied to dirt on the clothes or skin of long
standing; commenced and likely to continue.
+Set on+, +Setten on+, _v._ To burn in the pan when cooking,
especially when milk is used. _adj._ Small, stunted in growth.
+Set on knees+, _v._ To kneel.
+Set-pot+, _n._ A large iron cauldron fixed in brickwork.
+Set-teea+, _n._ A fight.
Ex.—_Let ’em ’ev a set-teea, an’ then tha’ll git it sattled.
Bob’s ’ed a set-teea wi’ Billy._
+Set teea+, +Set on+, _v._ To begin or cause to begin.
Ex.—_Thoo mun set teea at yance, an’ Ah’ll set Tom on ti morn at
morn._
+Setter+, _n_. A seton. Also _v._ To insert, &c.
+Settle+, _n._ _Vide_ +Lang settle+.
+Settled+, _v._ To be decided, satisfied, contented.
_Vide_ +Sattle+.
Ex.—_Ah’ve sattled that point lang sen. Ah’s nobbut hauf sattled
wi’ t’ waay things is gahin’ on, an’ Ah s’aan’t feel sattled
whahl Ah’ve been ti see foor mysen._
+Set up+, _v._ To greatly delight.
+Sez+, _v._ Says.
Ex.—_If sha sez ’at thoo sez what thoo sez sha sez, sha sez
what’s wrang._
+Shabby+, _adj._ Disagreeable, unpleasant as to weather.
Ex.—_Wa nobbut ’ed a shabby hay-tahm ti year._
+Shackle+, _n._ The wrist.
+Shade+, _n._ A wooden or lightly constructed building, a shed.
+Shades+, _n._ Lace curtains.
+Shaff+, _n._ Sheaf.
+Shaffle+, _v._ To shuffle in walking, to evade by subterfuge, to
be undecided.
+Shaft+, _n._ A handle, as of a fork, rake, hoe, axe.
+Shaft+, _v._ To fix a handle to anything.
+Shak+, _v._ To shake.
+Shak-bag+ or +-back+, _n._ An untrustworthy fellow.
+Shake+, _n._ A split or crack in furniture.
+Shak-fork+, _n._ The fork used for lifting and shaking the
thrashed straw.
+Shak-ripe+, _adj._ So ripe that shaking will cause the fruit to
fall. Anything likely to fall either from a shake or wind.
+Shanks’ nag+, +Shanks’ pony+, _n._ One’s own legs as a means of
going from place to place.
Ex.—_Ah s’all ’a’e ti gan on Shanks’ pony_, i.e. ‘I shall have
to walk.’
+Shap+, +Shaape+, _v._ 1. To show good judgement.
2. To give promise.
Ex.—1. _He shaps weel ti deea ’t, diz t’ lad._
2. _It shaps ti mak a good un._
+Sharp+, _v._ To insert nails or screws in a horse’s shoe during
frosty weather.
+Sharp+, _adj._ Quick, smart, intelligent.
Ex.—1. _Noo gan ez sharp ez thoo can_, i.e. ‘quick.’
2. _Noo that war a sharp trick ti deea_, i.e. ‘smart.’
3. _He’s a sharp lad that_, i.e. ‘intelligent.’
+Sharps+, _n._ Flour with the admixture of bran.
+Shaum+, _v._ To warm the legs and knees by sitting close to the
fire; in the case of females, with the skirts, &c., pulled above
the knees.
+Shear+, _v._ To cut corn with a sickle.
+Shearling+, _n._ A sheep of the first year from the time of
shearing.
+Sheep-ked+ or +-keead+, _n._ A sheep-tick.
+Shell+, _n._ A slide. _v._ To slide.
+Shelvings+, _n._ Wooden frames fixed on either side of a cart to
increase the size.
+Shift+, _v._ To remove from one house to another, to change one’s
clothes, to move.
+Shift+, _n._ A chemise.
+Shifty+, _adj._ Deceitful, crafty.
+Shill+, _n._ Scum of anything left to stand.
+Shill+, _v._ 1. To shell, as peas, &c.
2. To cause to curdle so that the whey and curds separate.
3. To make a noise something between a howl and a whistle.
Ex.—3. _Mah wo’d, bud t’ wind did shill roond t’ chetch last neet.
Its nobbut a feeal ’at trimm’ls when t’ wind shills._
+Shills+, _n._ Shafts of a cart.
+Shine+, _n._ The pupil of the eye; a disturbance, a quarrel.
+Shinnop+, _v._ To play at hockey.
+Shinny+, _n._ Hockey.
+Shippy+, or +Ship starnel+, _n._ The starling.
+Shiv+, _n._ A husk of corn.
+Shive+, _n._ A slice.
+Shoe+, _n._ The drag applied to the wagon or cart wheel when
descending a hill.
+Shog+, _v._ To shake, to be slowly driven along with a jolting
motion.
+Shoggle+, _v._ To shake with unsteady motion.
+Shogglin+, _n._ An icicle.
+Sholl+, _n._ Slide. _v._ To idle.
+Shool+, _n._ A shovel.
+Shoon+, _n._ Pl. of ‘Shoe.’
+Shoot+, _v._ 1. To shout. Often implies to call without raising
the voice.
2. To break into ear (of corn).
Ex.—1. _Shoot on him, he’s i’ t’ next room._
+Shot+, +Shut+, _v._ To be freed from, rid, clear of.
Ex.—_Hez ta gitten shut on him?_ i.e. ‘Have you got rid of him?’
_Ah’ve gitten shot o’ that claim_, i.e. ‘I have got clear of
that claim.’
+Sho’t+, _adj._ Short, hasty.
Ex.—_Saay neea mair, leeave that sho’t_, i.e. ‘Don’t tell or
explain the whole.’ _Ah thowt ’at he war a bit sho’t wi’ ma_,
i.e. ‘a trifle hasty.’
+Shot-ice+, _n._ Sheets of ice.
+Shovven-string+, _n._ Boot-lace.
+Shrag+, _v._ To lop, to trim.
+Shrift+, _n._ The condition of an animal’s coat after having been
kept on soft food in the open during winter; on beginning to
better its condition it sheds its coat.
+Shudder+, +Shuther+, _v._ To shake, to tremble.
Ex.—_Yah crack o’ thunner made all shuther ageean._
+Shut+, _v._ To shoot with a gun, to put out or shoot out, to quit.
+Shuttance+, _n._ Riddance.
Ex.—_Tha’ve gane, an’ good shuttance tiv ’em_, i.e. ‘They have
gone, and good riddance to them.’
+Shutters+, _n._ A shooting party.
+Shy+, _adj._ Bitter and piercing (of the wind).
+Sich+, _adv._ So.
+Side-lang+, _v._ To fasten the fore and hind foot of a sheep
together to prevent its straying.
+Side up+, _v._ To put in order, to tidy.
+Side-wipe+, _n._ Censure, conveyed by innuendo.
+Sidling+, _adj._ Fawning, servile.
Ex.—_He awlus sidles an’ maks up ti fresh fooak, bud he’s a
sidling sooart ov a chap._
+Sie+, _n._ A fine sieve to strain milk, a spot, a stain left by
anything falling in drops.
+Sie+, _v._ To strain milk.
+Sike+, _adj._ Such.
+Sikan+, _adj._ Such (used before a vowel).
+Sike-like+, _adj._ Such-like, so forth, similar.
+Sile+, _n._ A strainer.
+Sile-brigg+, _n._ The wooden frame upon which the sile rests when
used.
+Sill-horse+, _n._ The shaft horse.
+Sin+, _adv._ Since.
+Sink-hoal+, _n._ A dug-out or other hollow place in which the
drainage from a midden-stead collects, or water from the sink.
+Sinter-santer+, _v._ To idle, to dawdle.
+Sipe+, _v._ To soak through, to drain away slowly, to sink away.
+Sippel+, _n._ A thin slice of anything.
+Sipper-sauces+, _n._ Dainty dishes.
+Siss+, _v._ To hiss, as water dropping on the fire; to spit (of a
cat); to hiss like a goose.
+Sitfast+, _n._ The hard cyst of a wound or boil.
+Sitha+, pronounced _Si-tha_. Calls attention to. It is a
corruption of ‘seest thou.’ Sutha originally was ‘saw thou.’
‘Sitha’ and ‘sutha’ are equally common.
+Sit up on end, To+, _v._ To sit up.
Ex.—_He’s mending grandly; whya, he’s sitting up on end i’ bed._
+Sizzapur+, _n._ A heavy blow. As an _adj._ Large of its kind.
+Skaff+, +Skeeaf+, _n._ A rough, steep, broken bank.
+Skare on+, _v._ To overlap or splice.
+Skate+, _v._ To turn sharp round.
+Skaum+, _Vide_ +Skime+.
+Skeeal+, _n._ School.
+Skeel+, _n._ A large wooden milk-pail.
+Skeg+, _n._ A glance, a cast of the eye.
+Skel-beast+, _n._ Wooden partitions in the cow byre.
+Skell+, _v._ To tilt, to raise up one end of anything, to shriek
out.
+Skell up+, +Skell ower+, _v._ To upset, by the lifting of one end
or side too high.
+Skeller+, _v._ To squint.
+Skellered+, _adj._ Bent by heat, as the covers of a book held too
near the fire.
+Skelly+, _n._ A squint.
+Skelp+, +Skelping+, _n._ A thrashing. _adj._ Quickly, with great
speed.
Ex.—1. _Ah gav’ him a skelp._
2. _He did gan wiv a skelp._
+Skelp+, _v._ 1. To strike with the open palm.
2. To move quickly.
Ex.—1. _Noo Ah’ll skelp tha._
2. _He skelp’d off yam t’ minit he seed ma._
+Skelper+, _n._ +Skelping+, _adj._ Huge.
+Skep+, _n._ A basket made from either flags or willows.
+Sket+, _n._ A skirt.
+Skew+, _v._ To twist round or about, to wrench.
Ex.—_Sha skews hersen aboot warse ’an nowt. Skew ’t off if t’
weean’t pull oot._
+Skid+, _n._ The iron shoe used as a brake.
+Skid+, _v._ To fix the iron shoe to the wheel.
+Skill+, _v._ To understand, to unravel.
Ex.—_It’s putten tigither queerly, it’s a bit of a rum un ti
skill. It’s a queer taal, can ta skill ’t?_
+Skillet+, +Skellit+, _n._ A small pot for the fire with a long
handle.
+Skime+, +Skaum+, _v._ To droop the eyelids, to scowl.
Ex.—_Oppen thi e’es, an’ deean’t gan skauming aboot leyke that.
Noo leeak pleasant, an’ dean’t skaum._
+Skimmering+, _adj._ Bright, sparkling, brilliant. _v._ Shining
brightly.
+Skiny+, _adj._ Greedy.
+Skirl+, _v._ To scream.
+Skirtling+, _n._ The lower and dressed part of a haystack.
+Skirts, A pair of+, _n._ Petticoat.
+Skite, To take one’s+, _v._ To leave quickly.
Ex.—_Ah heeard what he’d gitten ti saay, an’ then Ah teeak my
skite._
+Skit+, _v._ To sneer at, to make fun of.
+Skit+, _n._ A remark, or printed matter of a personal character.
+Skivvers+, _n._ Wooden skewers.
+Skrike+, _v._ To screech.
+Skrimp+, _Vide_ +Scrimp+.
+Slabby+, _Vide_ +Sleazy+.
+Slack+, _adj._ Slow, lacking go or briskness.
Ex.—_It war nobbut slack deed. T’ market war varra slack._
+Slack+, _n._ A small valley.
+Slafter+, _n._ Slaughter.
+Slafter-hoos+, _n._ Slaughter-house.
+Slain+, +Sleean+, _n._ The smut blight of wheat
(_Ustilago segetum_).
+Slair+, _v._ To idle away one’s time.
+Slairy+, _adj._ Untidy, sluttish.
+Slaister+, _v._ To do anything in an idle, slovenly manner; to
scamp work; to flog with a whip or cane.
+Slaisterer+, _n._ An idle, slovenly fellow.
+Slake+, _v._ To lick; to cleanse imperfectly by just wetting and
rubbing, as licking a slate.
+Slake+, _n._ A lick, a pretence of cleaning.
Ex.—_Ah just gav’ things a slake ower._
+Slap+, _v._ To spill.
Ex.—_Thoo’ll slap ’t if thoo hugs it leyke that, an’ if thoo diz
slap ’t Ah’ll slap tha foor slapping ’t._
+Slap+, _v._ To go or do anything quickly, to be energetic.
Ex.—_He went slap at it ez if he meant it. Ah’ll run slap ower
at yance._
+Slape+, _adj._ Slippery; smooth, as applied to even or polished
surfaces; untrustworthy, crafty.
+Slape-feeaced+, _adj._ Applied to a hypocrite.
+Slape-fingered+, _adj._ Butter-fingered.
+Slapen+, _v._ To make slippery, to open the bowels by laxatives.
+Slape-scalp+ or +-scaup+. A hypocrite.
+Slape-shod+, _adj._ Shoes, especially of horses, are said to be
‘slape-shod’ when much worn and smooth.
Ex.—_Is ta slape-shod? Neea, Ah’ve just gitten sharp’d._
+Slape-t’unged+, _adj._ Plausible.
+Slappy+, _adj._ Sloppy, puddly, wet.
+Slaps+, _n._ Slops.
+Slap-stone+ or +-steean+, _n._ The kitchen sink.
+Slap up+, _v._ To eat or drink in a hurry.
+Slap-up+, _adj._ First-class, exceedingly good.
Ex.—_He’s gitten a slap-up t’on-oot. Noo that’s a slap-upper if
ya leyke._
+Slathery+, _adj._ Continued, as applied to wet weather; puddly,
of the roads. The word as used often embodies both ideas.
+Slating+, _n._ Scolding.
Ex.—_Ah gat sike a slating foor brecking t’ winder._
+Slattery+, _adj._ Slovenly.
+Slaup+, _v._ To eat and drink with the mouth too full.
+Slaverment+, _n._ Insincerity, fawning, hypocrisy.
+Sleave+, _v._ To twist. To ‘sleave’ a lass is to put one’s arm
round her waist.
+Sleaved+, _part._ Twisted.
+Sleazy+, _adj._ Badly made, slight, unsubstantial.
+Sleck+, _v._ To quench one’s thirst, to quench fire by pouring
water on it, to remove the caustic element from lime.
+Sleck+, _n._ Drink.
Ex.—_That’s all reet foor them ’at can deea wi’ ‘t, bud Ah leyke
a sup o’ beer foor a sleck._
+Sled+, _n._ A sledge.
+Slem+, _adj._ Bad, applied to work put together badly.
+Slem+, _v._ To do work imperfectly, to slur over, to hide work by
an outer covering. Its usage is a trifle loose.
Ex.—_Ah slemm’d it ower wi’ pent._
+Slew+, _v._ To swerve, to turn or twist round. In the passive, to
be intoxicated.
+Slidder+ }
+Slither+ } _v._ 1. To slide.
2. To disappear unobserved.
Ex.—1. _He set hissel on t’ top ov a larl bit of a sled, an’
went slithering doon t’ hill leyke all that._
+Sliddery+ } _adj._ Slippery.
+Slithery+ }
+Slinky+, _adj._ Inclined to act evasively.
+Slip+, _v._ 1. To forget.
2. To go, to come.
Ex.—1. _It slipt my mahnd ez cleean ez nowt._
2. _Slip ower ti Bob an’ tell him ti slip ower ti me_, i.e. ‘Go
to Robert’s and tell him to come to me.’
+Slip+, _n._ A pinafore.
+Slipe+, _v._ To strip off an outer covering, as bark, with a rapid
action.
+Slirt+, _v._ To squirt water.
+Sloke+, _n._ Slime on the surface of stagnant water.
+Slope+, _v._ To dishonestly evade payment, to defraud; to abscond,
leaving one’s debts unpaid.
+Slosh+, _n._ Melted snow or mud.
+Sloshy+, _adj._ Applied to a condition of general thaw.
+Slot+, _n._ A slit in a garment for a tape to be run through.
+Slot+, _v._ To slam.
Ex.—_Ah sed nowt, bud just slotted t’ deear iv his feeace._
+Slough+, +Sluff+, _n._ The outer skin, especially of fruit, as the
gooseberry.
+Slowdy+, _adj._ Flabby, soft; applied to fish out of condition and
season.
+Sluddery+, +Sluthery+, _adj._ Applied to melted snow and mud.
+Slummer+, _v._ To sleep almost in a comatose state.
+Slush+, _Vide_ +Slosh+.
+Slutherment+, _n._ Any slimy, viscid matter.
+Sluthery+, _adj._ Having to the touch a feeling of slime or viscid
matter.
+Sly-cakes+, _n._ Ordinary looking cakes, but filled with fruits.
+Smally+, _adj._ Puny, thin, undergrown.
+Smatch+, _n._ A savour, a trifle, a small portion.
+Smeark+, _v._ To half smile.
+Smere+, _n._ The membrane covering the nostrils of a foal at birth.
+Smiddy+, _n._ A blacksmith’s shop.
+Smiddy-oom+, _n._ The sweepings of a blacksmith’s bench and floor.
+Smit+, _n._ Infection.
+Smit+, +Smitch+, _n._ Fine particles of soot which fall from the
smoke of the chimney.
+Smitting+, _adj._ Infectious.
+Smittle+, _v._ To infect.
+Smock+, _n._ A chemise.
+Smoor+, +Smurr+, _v._ To smother, suffocate.
+Smoot+, _v._ To partially hide the face.
+Smooth+, _v._ To iron clothes.
+Smooth-feeaced+, _adj._ Bashful.
+Smoot-hoal+, +Smoot-hole+, _n._ A hole, varying in size, in a
hedge or wall; e.g. a rabbit smoot, a sheep smoot.
+Smoot-steean+, _n._ A slab or stone used to stop a smoot-hole.
+Smudge+, _v._ To smear; to emit smoke, but without any flames
visible.
+Snaffling+, _v._ To speak through the nose.
+Snag+, _v._ To cut the branches from felled trees, to top and tail
turnips.
+Snahl+, _n._ Snail.
+Snake-steean+, _n._ An ammonite.
+Snarly+, _adj._ Biting, chilling (of the wind).
+Snavvie+, _Vide_ +Snaffling+.
+Sneb+, _v._ To rebuke.
+Sneck+, _n._ The fastening of a gate or door.
+Sneck+, _v._ To fasten, to latch.
Ex.—_Noo think on an’ sneck all t’ yats._
+Sneeap+, _v._ To check, to put down.
Ex.—_Ya caan’t sneeap ’em, an’ they weean’t be snebbed, an’
neeabody’s gitten neea saay ower ’em at all, an’ if yan diz
call ’em, tha deea nowt bud snifter, snitter, an’ gen at yan._
+Snicker+, _Vide_ +Snitter+.
+Snickle+, _v._ A slip-noose of wire used as a snare.
+Snifter+, _n._ A sniff, a smell of short duration.
Ex.—_Noo it’s varra neyce, just tak a snifter on ’t._
+Snifter+, _v._ To snuff up.
Ex.—_Wipe thi snoot; deean’t snifter._
+Snig+, _v._ To drag timber from the wood.
+Snig-cut+, _n._ A short cut, a by-path.
+Sniggle+, _v._ To laugh behind one’s back, to laugh derisively.
+Snite+, _v._ To blow the nose, not necessarily with a handkerchief.
+Snitter+, _v._ To sneer, to giggle with ill-nature and derisively.
Ex.—_Ah’ll gi’e tha summut ti snitter at if thoo dizn’t shift
thisen._
+Snook-snarls+, _n._ The knotty entanglements of thread, string, &c.
+Snod+, _adj._ Smooth, neat-looking, trim.
+Snoke+, _v._ To smell with a deep inspiration.
+Snow-flag+, _n._ A snow-flake.
+Snubbits+, _n._ The projecting pieces of wood at the end of a cart,
on which it rests when tilted up.
+Snubby+, _adj._ Knotted (of wood).
+Snudge+, +Snuggle+, +Snowzel+, _v._ To lie close together.
+Soa+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+Soamy+, _adj._ Close, oppressive (of the weather).
+Sob+, _v._ To sigh as the wind does on the approach of calmer
weather.
+Sock+, _n._ The ploughshare.
+Sod+, _n._ An opprobrious epithet = Ass, fool.
+Sodden+, _v._ To soften by soaking in water.
+Sods+, _n._ 1. Square parings of grass and earth.
2. A lump of earth and grass.
Ex.—1. _Ah’ll hev hauf o’ t’ garden laid wi’ sods._
2. _Ah’ll chuck a sod at tha._
+Soft+, _adj._ 1. Inclined to wet weather.
2. Silly, half-witted.
Ex.—_1. Ah’s feeard wa’s gahin’ ti ’ev a softish back-end._
2. _Poor bairn! is sha a larl bit soft?_
+Somerset+, _n._ Somersault.
+Sooa+, _Vide_ +Seea+.
+Sooart+, _n._ Sort, kind, quality.
+Soond+, _v._ To faint, to sound. Also _n_.
+Soonest+, _adj._ Quickest, nearest, shortest.
Ex.—_Ah’s gan by t’ foot brigg; it’s seeanest road. It’ll be t’
seeanest deean i’ that waay._
+Sore+, _Vide_ +Sair+.
+So so+ = That will do, enough, cease.
+Soss+, _v._ and _n._ To fall with force into the water; to lap
water, as a dog.
+Sough+, +Soo+, _v._ To sob, to sigh (of the wind).
+Soup+, _v._ To soak, to drench with water.
Ex.—_Ah’s fairly souped ti t’ skin._
+Sour-docken+, _n._ The wild sorrel (_Rumex acetosa_).
+Sowl+, _v._ To give a thorough rinsing in water, to chastise.
+Sowse+, _v._ 1. To cause to be wet all over.
2. To throw into water.
Ex.—1. _He sowsed a bucket o’ mucky watter cleean ower ma._
2. _Ah sowsed t’ beggar i’ t’ beck._
+Spade-+ or +Speead-graft+, _n._ A spade depth.
+Spane+, +Speean+, _v._ To wean.
+Spang+, _Vide_ +Spanker+.
+Spank+, _v._ To strike with the open hand.
+Spanker+, _n._ One who takes long strides; large of its kind;
hence +Spang+, _n._ A leap.
+Spanking+, _adj._ Tall and broad, rapid.
+Span-new+, _adj._ Quite new.
+Sparrow-feathers+, _n._ The chaff of oats is so called when used
for beds in the place of feathers.
+Spattle+, _n._ Spittle.
+Speak+, _v._ Even yet the usage in an active sense of ‘to address’
is often heard in the dales.
Ex.—_Ah seed him, bud wa didn’t speeak yan anuther. What didn’t
ta speeak her foor?_
+Speeak+, +Spooak+, _n._ The spoke of a wheel.
+Speean+, _n._ A spoon.
+Spelk+, _n._ A long thin slip of wood, a splint.
+Spell+, _n._ A splinter of wood, the cross-bar of a ladder; a
spill, either of wood or paper; a turn at work, not necessarily
of long duration; the trap upon which the ball rests in the game
of spell and knorr.
+Spic an’ span+, _adv._ New, clean, tidy; lit. new, from ‘spike to
span’ of a knight’s lance. Another form is ‘Bran spander new.’
Ex.—_Ez thoo’s gahin’ ti see t’ lass foor t’ fo’st tahm, thoo
mun mak this en leeak ez spic an’ span ez a new-maad pin.
Mr. Henry war gitten up spic an’ span._
+Spice+, _n._ Raisins, currants, &c.
+Spice-bread+, _n._ A cheaper form of plum-cake.
+Spice-cake+ or +-keeak+, _n._ Plum-cake.
+Spink+, _n._ The chaffinch, often named +Bull-spink+.
+Spinner+, _n._ A spider’s web. Also +Spinner-web+. The latter,
however, is generally confined to the gossamer threads so
commonly found floating in the air on a summer’s evening.
+Spit+, _n._ A long narrow spade used for draining.
+Spittle+, _n._ A small spade.
+Splatter+, _v._ To splash about, to make splashes.
+Splatter-dash+, _n._ and _v._ 1. A showing-off.
2. Commotion.
3. To brag, to make a foolish display of wealth.
Ex.—1. _Ah caan’t bahd sike splatter-dash gahins on. It’s nowt
bud a lot o’ splatter-dash._
2. _Ah, what a splatter-dash ther is i’ t’ pleeace._
+Splatterer+, _n._ One who splashes.
+Splauder+, _v._ 1. To sprawl, to spread out one’s limbs.
2. To display, to be vulgarly ostentatious. Hence +Splaudered+,
+Splauderment+.
Ex.—1. _Hoo yon lass diz splauder her feet oot. Talk aboot a
splauder o’ stuff, ther war mair ti eat na wa c’u’d ’a’e
mannish’d if wa’d ’ed tweea goes apiece._
+Splaudy+, _adj._ Wide-spreading.
+Splaws+, _n._ Pen-nibs.
+Splet+, +Split+, _v._ To tell of one’s doings, to break confidence.
+Splutter+, _n._ Bustle, excitement, nervousness.
Ex.—_Deean’t git i’ sike a splutter, wa’ve endless o’ tahm.
Didn’t sha git intiv a splutter when sha heeard what Jin Ann
’ed sed aboot her!_
+Sponge+, _n._ Leaven, a portion of leavened dough saved from each
baking to raise the next week’s kneading with.
+Sponge+, _v._ To swell and froth as a dead body.
+Spool+, _n._ The wooden reel upon which thread is wound.
+Spout+, _n._ A small waterfall.
+Spraggy+, _adj._ Thin, bony, having many sharp projections.
+Spraints+, _n._ Otter’s dung.
+Spreead+, _v._ Spread.
+Spreead+, _n._ Abundance of food and of extra quality.
Ex.—_Ah nivver war at sikan a spreead afoor, ther war ommaist
ivverything ya c’u’d think on_ (imagine).
+Sprent+, +Sprint+, _v._ To sprinkle, to spurt, to cause water to
fly about by compression or striking the surface sharply.
Ex.—_Mary Jin’s slapt t’ slap-hoal wiv her battledooar, an’ ‘s
sprented ma all ower wi’ blash an’ sluthery muckment._
+Sprent+, _n._ A spot or mark left by a splash.
+Spring+, _v._ ‘To spring’ is applied to cows when near calving.
+Sprunt+, _n._ 1. Short, stiff, lively.
2. A steep road, a hill.
Ex.—1. _Ya’ll mannish ti trunn’l yersen t’ best hauf o’ t’ waay,
bud efter that ya’ll finnd it a bit sprunt_ (said to a cyclist).
+Spurrings+, _n._ The banns.
+Squab+, _n._ A rude long settle with cushions, usually with only
one arm.
+Square up, To+, _v._ To settle an account or dispute.
+Squary+, _adj._ Compact, both as to size and shape.
Ex.—_It’s a neyce squary kitchen. It’s just sich an (sikan) a
squary bit ez Ah want._
+Stack-bar+, _n._ A hurdle.
+Stack-garth+, +Stagg’ath+, _n._ The stack-yard.
+Stack-prod+, _n._ A stick used in thatching, being pointed and
thrust into the stack. The string is wound round it in such a
way, from prod to prod, as to hold the _thack-bands_ secure.
+Staddle+, _n._ The foundation of cross-beams upon which a stack
is built, the stain left after washing out the producing cause.
+Staddling+, _n._ A foundation of brushwood, brackens, &c., to
build the stack upon.
+Stag+, _n._ A gelding over a year old.
+Stagnated+, _part._ Much bewildered, astonished.
Ex.—_T’ whoal lot on uz wur stagnated._
+Staith+, _n._ and _v._ An embankment; to protect land from
overflowing of water by an embankment.
+Staithe+, +Steeath+, +Steers+, _n._ A landing-place.
+Stakker+, _v._ To stagger.
+Stall+, _v._ To eat until satiated, to tire out, to weary.
+Stan’+, +Stand+, _v._ 1. To stand.
2. To be responsible for;
to agree to maintain, uphold.
3. To stop, as a clock.
4. Remains.
5. Holds.
Ex.—2. _Ah’ll stand tiv all he diz. Thoo said thoo wad, an’
thoo’ll ’a’e ti stan’ ti ’t noo._
4. _That’ll stand good_, i.e. ‘That is settled.’
5. _It stands a good chance ti win._
+Stand again+, _v._ To withstand, oppose.
Ex.—_Thoo maun’t aim ti stan’ agaan what’s deean._
+Stand for+, _v._ To act as sponsor.
+Standing+, _n._ The stall for a horse or cow.
+Stand-ups+, _n._ God-parents.
+Stane+, +Steean+, _n._ A stone.
+Stang+, _n._ A pole or stake.
+Stang, To ride the+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Stape+, _v._ To slope, to incline.
+Stapple+, _n._ A staple.
+Stark+, _adj._ Stiff, unyielding, powerful. The Danish word
_stærk_ means being strong, possessing strength. Hence ‘Stark mad’
is quite correct.
Ex.—_Thoo’s starched t’ things whahl they’re ez stark ez a
booard._ A very common redundancy is _Stiff stark steean deead_.
+Starken+, _v._ To become stiff. _adv._ +Starkly.+
+Star-slubber+ or +-blubber+, _n._ Frog-spawn.
+Start+, _n._ Work, employment.
Ex.—_He sez ’at he’ll gi’e tha a start. Ah’ve gitten a start at
a pund a week._
+Start+, _v._ 1. To begin.
2. To set going.
Ex.—1. _Ah’ll start wi’ t’ job ti morn. He started off a gay bit
sen. Tha’ve started a pianner, ’ez t’ fooak next doour._
2. _Ah’ll start it fur tha._
+Starvatious+, _adj._ Cold, very chilly.
Ex.—_No’thallerton station’s t’ maist starvatious spot onnywheear._
+Starve+, _v._ In the passive voice, to suffer from cold; in the
active voice, to cause hunger.
+Staup+, _v._ To walk about clumsily.
Ex.—_Sha staups aboot that okkad whahl sha’ll tumm’l ower her
shadder sum daay._
+Stead+, +Steead+, _n._ Common as a suffix, denoting the exact
place, as homestead, yat-stead, middin-stead, deear- or
dooar-steead, &c.
+Steck+, _v._ To close and fasten a door or gate.
+Stee+, +Stey+, +Stegh+, _n._ A ladder, a style with steps like a
ladder.
+Steead+, _pp._ Stood.
+Steeal+, _n._ Stool.
+Steean+, _n._ Stone.
+Steer+, _n._ An ox under two years.
+Steer-tree+, _n._ The left handle of a plough.
+Steg+, _n._ A gander, a fool.
+Stegly+, _adj._ 1. Shaky.
2. Unsymmetrical, unsuitable.
Ex.—2. _It’s a gret stegly hoos_ (said of Faucet Vicarage).
+Stell+, _n._ An open ditch varying in width and depth.
+Stent+, _v._ To abstain, to deny oneself.
+Step+, _n._ An undefined distance.
Ex.—_Ah went a good step wiv him._
+Step, A langish+ = Quite a long way off.
+Steven+, _v._ To bawl out, to shout at the top of the voice; to
howl and bluster, as the wind. NOTE.—Rarely heard now.
+Stick+, _v._ To kill an animal by stabbing, as a butcher.
+Stickle+, _v._ To hesitate, to object.
+Stickle-haired+ }
+Stickly+ } _adj._ Bristly.
+Stickler+, _n._ A difficulty, a poser.
+Sticks+, _n._ Furniture, belongings.
+Stick up, To+, _v._ To boldly maintain one’s right.
+Stiddy+, _n._ An anvil.
+Stiddy+, _v._ To be steady, attentive to business.
+Stife+, +Stify+, _adj._ Close, foul, as to air.
+Stiff+, _adj._ 1. Steep, difficult.
2. Firm, obstinate.
Ex.—1. _Ah’ll tell ya what, it’s a stiffish clim’. Ah’ve gitten
a stiff job this tahm._
+Stifler+, _n._ A bad odour; a heavy blow, such as to cause
insensibility.
+Stint+, _Vide_ +Stent+.
+Stir on, Plenty to+ = Rich, well-to-do.
Ex.—_He’s gi’en ten pund, bud then he’s gitten plenty ti stir
on._
+Stirk+, _n._ A heifer.
+Stirrings+, _n._ An unusual excitement, gaiety.
Ex.—_Ya’ll be ’eving sthraange stirrings when t’ young chap cums
at age._
+Stitch+, _n._ A sharp pain in the side.
+Stithe+, _v._ To taint, to give a taste of smoke, &c.
Ex.—_What ’a’e ya putten on t’ fire? it’s stithed all ’at’s i’
yewn thruff t’ crack i’ t’ boddum._
+Stob+, _n._ Usually a short pointed stick or stake; the stump of
a tree, a small splinter.
+Stob+, _v._ To mark out land with short stakes, to dig up a fence,
to strengthen with stobs.
+Stob off+, _v._ To lop off branches of a tree or the top half of
a hedge.
+Stock+, _n._ A beam of wood, generally applied to the frame of a
bedstead, e.g. bed-stock.
+Stock+, _adv._ Quite, absolutely.
Ex.—_He steead stock still._
+Stodge+, _v._ To satiate with over-eating; to make anything too
thick, as the admixture of too much meal with water.
Ex.—_Ah caan’t eat it, it’s nowt bud stodge._
+Stone-naked+, _adj._ Absolutely naked.
+Stonies+, _n._ Common stone taws.
+Stooden+, _pp._ of ‘Stand,’ but the usage is somewhat peculiar.
Ex.—_Things wad ’a’e stooden different if t’ bobby ’ed catched
him_, i.e. been. _Ah’ve stooden Bedale market ivver sen Ah wur
a larl nipper_, i.e. attended.
+Stook+, _n._ Twelve sheaves of corn set up against each other in
the harvest field.
+Stook+, _v._ To set up stooks, and bind the same.
+Stooth+, _v._ To apply plaster on laths instead of to the wall
itself, or to make in a room a false wall of battens, laths, and
plaster.
+Stor+, +Sturr+, _v._ and _n._ To stir; a stir, excitement.
+Storm+, _n._ A continuance of frost and snow, with or without wind.
+Stortioners+, _n._ The common nasturtium.
+Stot+, _n._ A young ox.
+Stoup+, _n._ A measure of ale.
+Stour+, _v._ To blow in clouds, whether of dust, rain, hail, or
snow; also the action of smoke as it comes from a chimney or fire.
+Stour+, _n._ Dust, &c.
+Stour+, +Stower+, _n._ A stake, the middle bars of a cattle rack,
the cross-bars of a ladder.
+Stout+, _adj._ Convalescent, healthy looking.
Ex.—_Sha leeaks weel an’ stoot agaan._
+Stoven+, _n._ The old stump of a tree not yet quite dead.
+Stowp+, _n._ An upright post.
+Stra+, +Streah+, _n._ Straw.
+Stracklin’+, _n._ A worthless fellow, a waster.
+Straighten+, _v._ Often followed by ‘up.’ To put in order, to
punish, to settle accounts.
Ex.—_Ah mun straighten things up a bit afoor t’ parson’s missus
drops in. If thoo dizn’t drop it, Ah’ll straighten thi jacket
foor tha. When thoo’s deean, fetch thi bill in, an’ wa’ll
straighten up._
+Strand+, _n._ The beach.
+Strapping+, _adj._ Strong, tall, big.
+Strather+, _n._ Haste, excitement.
+Streah+, _Vide_ +Stra+.
+Streamers+, _n._ Minnows during spawning.
+Streean+, +Strain+, _n._ Descent, breed.
+Streean+, _v._ To do one’s utmost.
+Strength+, +Stren’th+, _n._ 1. Security.
2. Belief.
Ex.—1. _He ’ezn’t t’ stren’th o’ fifty pund_, i.e. ‘Could not
find security for that sum.’
2. _On t’ stren’th o’ what thoo sez_, i.e. ‘Acting on the
belief,’ &c.
+Strickle+, _n._ The stone or other contrivance used to sharpen a
scythe.
+Stride-whallops+, _n._ A lanky, long-legged lass. An older word,
now fallen into disuse, was +Stridykirk+.
+Stridlings+, _adv._ Astride.
+Strike+, _v._ To kick with the hind leg (of a horse), to fly-blow
meat, to balance an account, to make a line with string and chalk.
+Strik’-stick+, _n._ The stick used to scrape off the superfluous
corn when measuring.
+String-halt+, _n._ A twitching of the hind leg of a horse.
+Strip+, _v._ To drain the udder dry.
+Stritch-stick+, _n._ The bar which keeps the trace chains apart.
Also +Stretcher+.
+Stroke+, +Stroak+, _n._ A single bat, a commencement.
Ex.—_Ah ’evn’t deean a stroak o’ wark ti-daay._
+Strong+, _adj._ 1. Hard, severe.
2. Heavy, bulky.
3. Stiff, clayey.
Ex.—1. _Wa s’ ‘ev a strangish frost efter this._
2. _It’s a strangish leead foor t’ au’d meer._
3. _T’ land’s varra strong hereaboots._
+Strother+, _Vide_ +Strather+.
+Strucken+, _pp._ of ‘Strike.’
+Strunt+, _n._ The tail.
+Strunt+, _v._ To cut the tail short.
+Struts+, _n._ The posts used in the roof-frame of a house.
+Stuck up+, _adj._ Proud.
+Stuff+, _n._ Of very loose application, e.g. material, furniture,
chattels, produce, &c.
Ex.—_Thoo’s gitten stuff eneeaf ti mak tweea coats. Thoo’s gitten
stuff i’ t’ chaamer eneeaf foor tweea rooms. Thoo’s gitten
mair stuff on t’ land na ivver Tommy ’ed._
+Stunning+, _adj._ First-class.
+Stunt+, _adj._ Short, stumpy; stiff, unyielding.
+Stunt+, _adv._ and _n._ Sulky, obstinate.
Ex.—_Tak neea notish, he taks t’ stunt at nowt._
+Sturdy+, +Stoddy+, _n._ A disease, i.e. hydatids in the brain.
+Stut+, _v._ To stutter.
+S’u’d+, _v._ Should.
+Summat+, _n._ Something.
+Summer-bink+, _n._ A seat shaded by leaves in summer-time.
+Summer-colt+, _n._ Undulating vapour near the ground.
+Sump+, _n._ A bog or marsh.
+Sumpy+, _adj._ Wet, boggy.
+Sunder+, _v._ To dry in the sun.
+Sundown+, _n._ Sunset.
+Sup+, _n._ A small quantity of any liquid.
Ex.—_Ah wants a sup o’ milk. It leeaks nowt bud leyke a sup o’
wet._
+Sup+, _v._ To drink either by sips or with a spoon.
+Sup off+, _v._ To drain one’s glass.
+Surance+, _n._ Surety.
Ex.—_Bud what tha ’a’e gi’en, tha ’ez surance for ’t?_
+Surfeit o’ cold+, _n._ A very severe cold.
+Swab+, _n._ A drunken sot.
+Swad+, _n._ A peascod, and the like.
+Swag+, _v._ 1. To swing about.
2. To lean towards.
Ex.—2. _Ya’ll ’a’e ti put summat at yon sahd ti balance ’t, it
swags gertly ti this sahd._
+Swage+, _v._ To soften, to quiet down.
+Swaimish+, _adj._ Bashful.
+Swale+, +Sweeal+, _v._ 1. To waste by burning unevenly, as a
candle in a draught.
2. To squander.
Ex.—1. _Shut t’ doour, t’ cann’l’s sweealing._
2. _Yon chap ’ud sweeal a ransom awaay._
+Swang+, _n._ A boggy stretch of land.
+Swangy+, _adj._ Boggy.
+Swanky+, +Swanking+, _adj._ Great of its kind.
+Swap+, _v._ To exchange.
+Swape+, _n._ An oar of peculiar shape, a pump handle.
+Swappy+, _adj._ Plump.
+Swarm+, _v._ To climb by clasping a pole or tree with both arms,
knees, and legs.
+Swart+, _adj._ Black looking.
+Swarth+, +Swa’th+, _n._ The outer skin, rind; the quality and
quantity of grass upon the land.
+Swarve+, _v._ To swerve.
+Swash+, _v._ To dash about in waves.
+Swatch+, _n._ Fit, size, the precise thing required.
Ex.—_This yan’ll deea, its just mah swatch. Its just t’ swatch
foor ma._ NOTE.—Swatch was originally a wooden tally or other
means by which any person might prove their claim to cloth
which had been left to dye—cloth, by-the-way, which was
home-spun.
+Swathe+, _n._ The full reach of the scythe when cutting.
+Swathe-bank+, _n._ The grass left uncut by the blade at the end
of its sweep.
+Swatter+, _v._ 1. To play and splash with water.
2. To squander.
Ex.—1. _Tho’ll sprent thisen all ower, swattering on i’ that
waay._
2. _He’ll swatter t’ bit o’ brass awaay._
+Swelt+, _v._ To faint, to swoon; to overpower, as with heat.
+Swelter+, _v._ To burn, to bear or suffer heat, to perspire
profusely.
+Swidden+, _n._ Any place on a moor which has been cleared by
burning.
+Swidden+, +Swithen+, _v._ To singe or burn off superficially.
+Swidge+, _v._ To tingle, burn (of inflammation).
Ex.—_It war nobbut a bleb at t’ fu’st, bud it swidged an’
throbbed an’ then started ti kittle, an’ Ah think that wur t’
warst ov all._
+Swig+, _v._ To drink at one draught.
+Swill+, _n._ Pigmeat.
+Swill+, _v._ To cleanse by throwing water out of a pail, as on
flags, &c.
+Swingle-tree+, _n._ _Vide_ +Stritch-stick+.
+Swip+, _n._ A marrow, the image of.
Ex.—_He’s fair t’ swip ov t’ au’d chap._
+Swipple+, _n._ That part of a flail which beats out the corn.
+Swirrel+, _n._ Squirrel.
+Switch+, _v._ To throw, to dash.
Ex.—_Sha teeak t’ paail o’ mucky watter, an’ switched t’ lot all
ower ma._
+Switched+, _adj._ Drunk.
+Switcher+, _n._ Good, better than ordinary.
+Switching+, _adj._ Grand, noted, extensive.
+Swither+, _v._ 1. To tingle and smart with pain.
2. To dissipate by slow degrees, a little at a time.
Ex.—2. _If he gans on i’ that road, he’ll swither all t’ brass
he hez awaay._
+Swittle+, _n._ A heated iron rod used to bore holes in wood.
+Swizzen+, _v._ To singe. _Vide_ +Swidden+.
Ex.—_It’ll swizzen t’ clothes, t’ iron’s ti hot._
+Sword-dancers+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Syke+, _n._ A small streamlet, a gutter, a small rill draining
from a boggy place.
T.
+‘T+, _pron._ It.
+T’+, _def art._ The.
+Ta+, _per. pron._ Thou, you.
+Taal+, _v._ To settle, to accommodate oneself to a new condition
of habits, &c.
+Tacket+, _n._ A tack.
+Ta’en+, +Takken+, _pp._ of ‘Take.’
+Ta’en agaan+ or +ageean+, _v._ To take a dislike to.
Ex.—_Ah’ve ta’en agaan her, an’ Ah s’ nivver tak up wiv her na
mair._
+Ta’en tiv+, _v._ To take to, to like.
+Tag+, _n._ A twist of long grass or rushes, a wisp.
+Tag+, _v._ To flog with a tag.
+Tahm+, _n._ 1. Time.
2. Life.
Ex.—2. _Ah’ve seen a vast i’ mah tahm._
+Tahm by chance+, _adv._ Occasionally.
+Taistrel+, _n._ A peevish character.
+Tak+, _n._ 1. A flavour somewhat pronounced.
2. Land which has been taken at a fixed rent.
3. Piecework.
Ex.—2. _If he’s letten tha ’t at nowt na mair ’an what thoo sez,
its a varra cheeap tak._
3. Q. _Hez ta ta’en ’em byv t’ yackker or by t’ week?_ A. _Neea,
he wadn’t be on byv t’ week, seea Ah’ve ta’en ’em byv t’ tak
this go._
+Tak+, _v._ 1. To take.
2. To rise to bite, as a fish.
3. To attract.
4. To gain one’s esteem or regard.
Ex.—2. _Are tha takkin’ onny?_ i.e. biting.
3. _Wa mun ’ev a bisittle race, hooivver; tha tak t’ best ov owt
noo._
4. _Ah tak tiv him at yance_, i.e. ‘He gained my esteem at once.’
+Tak ho’d+, _v._ To undertake to do, or fill a position.
Ex.—_Ah wanted him ti preeach i’ t’ pleeace o’ Tommy, bud he
wadn’t be on, he’s shy o’ takkin ho’d._
+Tak in, To+, _v._ 1. To understand.
2. To deceive.
Ex.—1. _Gan on, Ah’s takkin ’t all in._
2. _Noo if thoo taks ma in, Ah’ll traade wi’ tha na mair._
+Takken ti heart+ = Giving way to any affliction.
+Takkin+, _n._ 1. The actual result of labour.
2. A condition, a bad temper.
Ex.—1. _Thoo’s gitten a rare takkin; wheear did ta catch ’em?_
2. _Sha’s iv a despert ill takkin._
+Tak off+, _v._ 1. To make fun of, to ridicule, to imitate, mimic.
2. To leave without due notice.
Ex.—2. _He niver sed nowt, bud just teeak off._
+Tak on+, _v._ 1. To retake.
2. To re-engage.
3. To get excited.
Ex.—1. _Ah’ve ta’en t’ farm on agaan._
2. _He ga’ ma t’ sack, bud he’s ta’en ma on agaan._
3. _He did tak on when he gat ti knaw._
+Tak on wi’+, _v._ To engage oneself to another.
+Tak tent+, _v._ To engage oneself to look after, e.g. as a boy
keeping crows off the land.
+Tak t’ hig, To+, _v._ To take offence.
+Takt+, _adj._ Acid, sharp to the taste.
Ex.—_It’s a lahtle bit ower takt ti mah liking._
+Tak up+, _v._ 1. To become fair.
2. To reform one’s character.
Ex.—1. _If ’t dizn’t tak up seean, t’ hay’ll be nut wo’th
leading._
2. _If he’ll nobbut drop drinking an’ tak up, ther’s a seet o’
good iv him._
+Tak up wi’+, _v._ 1. To make friends with another.
2. To become engaged to.
Ex.—1. _He’s neean ower neyce whaw he gans wi’, he’ll tak up wi’
onny lass._
+Tale+, _n._ The number agreed upon.
Ex.—_Ther dizn’t leeak owt leyke a full tale, Ah s’all coont ’em
afoor Ah paay tha._
+Talk+, _n._ Report, gossip.
+Taller-cake+, _n._ Any cake made with the fat from about the
kidney of a sheep or beast.
+Taller-craps+, _Vide_ +Craps+.
+T’ ane+, +T’ yan+ = The one of two or more followed or replied to
by +T’ other+ or +T’ ither+.
Ex.—_Tha wur all feighting t’ ane amang t’ ither._
+Tang+, _n._ The tongue of a buckle.
+Tangle+, _n._ An entanglement, the long fibre of a root, sea-wrack.
+Tangle+, _v._ To entangle.
+Tangly+, _adj._ Slatternly, slovenly. Applied to a slut.
+Tantle+, _v._ 1. To waste time.
2. To play on with.
Ex.—1. _Noo set ti wark ez if thoo meant it, an’ deean’t tantle
on leyke that._
+Tappy-lappy+, _adv._ Anyhow.
+Tatchy+, _adj._ Sticky, viscous, adhesive.
+Tattling+, _n._ The necessary tackle or equipment of things for
carrying out any purpose.
Ex.—_He hezn’t gitten onny tattling foor a job o’ yon size_,
i.e. neither ladders, ropes, nor scaffolding poles.
+Taum+, _n._ The twisted hair to which the fish-hook is attached.
+Taum ower, To+, _v._ To faint.
+Taws+, _n._ Boys’ marbles.
+Team+, +Teem+, _v._ and _n._ 1. To pour from any vessel.
2. To rain heavily.
3. To empty.
Ex.—1. _Team all t’ cau’d tea oot._
2. _It teem’d doon_, i.e. of rain.
3. _Teeam t’ coals oot at t’ back-side._
+Tea-party+, _n._ A tea meeting given in the village school or
barn to raise money for some object.
+Teave+, _Vide_ +Tew+.
+Teea+, _prep._ To. _Vide_ +Till+.
+Teeagle+, _v._ To raise timber from the ground by means of a
tripod of strong poles and a pulley.
+Teeak+, _v._ Took.
+Teeals+, _n._ Tools.
+Tell+, _v._ 1. To recognize.
2. To know.
3. To number, to reckon up, to judge.
Ex.—1. _Ah c’u’d tell wheea ’t wur ez seean ez Ah clap’t mah een
on ya._
2. _‘Twur good eneeaf ti tell what he wur gahin’ ti saay._
3. _Gan ti t’ gaate an’ tell t’ sheep ez tha cum thruff._
+Telly-pye-tit+, or +Tell-pyet+, _n._ A tale-bearer.
+Tempesty+, _adj._ Thunderous, blustery, or having the appearance
of stormy weather.
+Teng+, _v._ To sting.
+Tenged+, _pp._ Stung.
+Tengs+, _n._ Tongs.
+Tent+, _n._ Attention, care.
Ex.—_Tak tent o’ what he saays, noo._
+Tent+, _v._ To look after, to keep watch over.
Ex.—_Yan’s tenting craws fur Billy, an’ t’ other’s tenting wur
awn coos i’ t’ lonnin’._
+Tetchy+, _adj._ Cross, peevish.
+Teufit+, +Teeafit+, +Tewit+, _n._ The pewit, plover, or lapwing
(_Vanellus cristatus_).
+Teugh+, +Teeaf+, _adj._ Tough.
+Tew+, _v._ 1. To toil.
2. To tire and grow weary.
3. To tire by restlessness.
4. To crumple and crease by rough or unskilful handling.
Ex.—1. _Ah’ve tewed all t’ daay_, i.e. ‘toiled.’
2. _Ah’ve gitten ’t deean, bud it’s sadly tewed ma._
3. _Sha’s tired noo, bud then sha’s tewed on all t’ neet._
4. _Put ’em doon, thoo’s tewing ’em, whahl tha weean’t be fit ti
put on._
+Tha+, _per. pron._ They, thou, and thee.
+Thabble+, _n._ The plug which fits the hole in the milk trough.
+Thack+, +Theeak+, +Theeaking+, _n._ Thatch.
+Thack+, +Theeak+, +Theeaking+, _v._ To thatch.
+Thacker+, +Theeaker+, _n._ A thatcher.
+Thack-bands+, +Theeak-bands+, +Theeaking-bands+, _n._ Bands of
straw for thatching.
+Thack-prods+, +Theeak-prods+, +Theeaking-prods+,
_Vide_ +Stack-prod+.
+Thah+, _per. pron._ Thy.
+Tharf+, +Tharfish+, _adj._ +Tharfly+, _adv._ Backward, reluctant,
shy, bashful, unwilling.
+Thauvel+, +Thivel+, _n._ A stick used for stirring or pushing down
the contents of a pan likely to boil over.
+Thee+, _n._ Thigh.
+Theet+, _adj._ Water-tight.
+Them+, _pron._ Those.
+Thick+, _adj._ Very friendly, intimate.
+Thills+, _n._ Shafts of a waggon.
+Think long of, To+, _v._ To be long expectant, weary of waiting.
+Think on+, _v._ To bear in mind, to remember.
As an example of redundancy, I heard a woman say, _Noo mahnd an’
think on, an’ deean’t forget ti beear i’ mahnd ’at thoo ’ez ti
fetch a pund o’ treacle_.
+Think up+, _v._ To originate, to arrange.
Ex.—_Noo it’ll ’a’e ta’en a lot o’ thinking up, will a do leyke
yon._
+Tho+, +Thoo+, _per. pron._ Thou.
+Thoff+, _conj._ Though.
+Thrave+, _v._ To thrive.
+Thrave+, +Trave+, +Treeav+, _n._ A stook of corn, or twelve
battens of straw.
+Thraw+, _Vide_ +Throw+.
+Threead+, _n._ Thread.
+Threeap+, _n._ A contentious fellow.
+Threeap+, _v._ To maintain pertinaciously, to argue positively.
+Threeap down+, _v._ To overpower by argument.
+Threeap up+, _v._ To refer to bygone mistakes or misunderstandings
in an unkindly manner.
+Threeten+, Threaten.
+Three-thrums+, _n._ The purring of a cat.
+Thribble+, _adj._ Treble.
+Thriver+, _n._ Healthy, strong, likely to improve.
+Thro+, _Vide_ +Thruff+.
+Throng+, _adj._ 1. More than usually busy or crowded.
2. Engaged in.
Ex.—2. _T’ bairn’s thrang gitting its teeth._
+Throng+, +Thrang+, _n._ Bustle, a great crowd, confusion,
excitement.
+Throng deed+, _n._ Excitement over some event, the bustle and
confusion attendant on any celebration, tea party, wedding, &c.
+Thropple+, _n._ The windpipe.
+Thropple+, _v._ To strangle.
+Throstle+, +Throssel+, _n._ The thrush.
+Through+, _n._ A lathe.
+Through+, +Thruff+, _prep._ At some time, at intervals.
Ex.—_Ah’ll mebbe deea ’t thruff t’ morning. It teeam’d doon
thruff t’ neet._
+Through+ or +Thruff with+, _adv._ Finished, complete. N.B.
‘Through’ is also pronounced ‘throwgh’ and ‘thro.’
Ex.—_Ah s’all be thruff wi’ t’ job by ti morn._
+Throughly+, _adv._ Completely, fully.
+Through time+ = In time, gradually, by-and-by.
Ex.—_Ah s’all git better through time. If t’ weather ho’ds
thoo’ll git deean through time._
+Through, To get+, _v._ To dispose of.
Ex.—_Ah’ve fetched t’ coo yam ageean, bud Ah gat thruff t’ sheep._
+Throvven+, _pp._ To thrive.
+Throw+, _v._ To vomit.
+Throw back+, _v._ To have a relapse.
Ex.—_He’s warse ti-daay, he’s gitten thrown back a lump sen last
neet._
+Throw over+, _v._ To turn over, to upset, to be overturned.
+Thruff+, +Throw+, _prep._ Through.
+Thrumble+, +Thrumm’l+, _v._ To examine the quality of anything by
the touch or rubbing action of the finger and thumb.
+Thrumm’l+, _n._ A rope firmly bound round a grooved iron ring.
+Thrummy+, _adj._ Bulky, plump.
+Thrust+, _v._ To push with some force.
+Thrust out+, +Thrussen oot+, _pp._ Projecting forward, bulging,
turned out.
+Thumping+, _adj._ Big, large of its kind.
+Thunner+, _n._ Thunder.
+Thwack+, _v._ To administer a sharp blow.
Ex.—_Gi’e it a good thwacking wiv a hezzel stick, that’ll fetch
t’ dust oot on ’t._
+Thysen+ or +Thysel+, +Thisen+ or +Thisel+, _pron._ Thyself or
yourself.
+Ti+, _prep._ To.
+‘Tice+, _v._ To allure, induce.
Ex.—_A young widow knows hoo ti ’tice a chap._
+‘Ticing+, _adj._ Alluring, seductive, winning.
+‘Tick+, _Vide_ +Cade+.
+‘Tick+, _v._ To mark off goods or other items, as in an invoice,
by placing a small mark against each when called.
+Tiddle+, _v._ To fondle, to finick.
+Tiddy+, _adj._ Small, puny.
+Tidy-betty+, _n._ A guard to prevent the ashes dirtying the hearth.
+Tie+, +Tee+, +Tah+, _n._ A hair band to secure the legs of a cow
whilst being milked.
+Tie+, _n._ 1. Obligation.
2. Necessity.
3. Burden.
4. Care.
Ex.—1. _Ah’s unner neea tie tiv him._
2. _Ther’s neea tie fur thoo ti gan._
3. _Thoo’ll finnd her a despert tie, sen sha lost t’ ewse ov her
legs._
+Tied+, +Tahd+, _v._ Obliged, constrained, compelled.
Ex.—_If sha’s leyke ti dee, Ah s’ be tied ti gan. He’ll be tied
ti drop a bit ower t’ meer. Ah’s nut tied ti deea ’t acoz thoo
tells ma._
+Tied, It’s+ = It must, no doubt exists.
Ex.—_It’s tied ti be ez he sez. It’s tied ti tumm’l doon wi t’
fo’st gust o’ wind._
+Tiffany+, _n._ Strong, fine-meshed gauze.
+Tift+, _n._ A quarrel, generally of words only.
+Tift+, _v._ To contend.
+Tig+, _n._ A light tap.
Ex.—_Ah didn’t hit, Ah nobbut tigg’d him._
+Tiggings+, _n._ A game played by children, the object being to
tap each other; the one so touched must then chase the rest
until he or she gently taps some other.
+Tightish+, _adv._ and _adj._ 1. Somewhat fast or close-fitting.
2. Lacking means.
3. Difficult.
Ex.—1. _It’s varra well putten tigither, bud a larl bit tightish
i’ t’ lid._
2. _Ah caan’t len’ tha ten pund, Ah’s a bit tightish held mysel
just noo._
3. _It’s a tightish fix thoo’s gitten thisen intul._
+Till+, +Tull+, +Ti+, _prep._ To. +Tiv+ before a vowel.
+Tim’ered+, +Weell+, _adj._ Well built.
+Tim’er-toed+, _adj._ A man wearing a wooden leg is said to be
timber-toed.
+Timersome+, _adj._ Nervous, apprehensive of danger.
+Ti morn+, _n._ To-morrow.
+Ti morn at morn+ = To-morrow in the morning. Hence +Ti morn at
neean+, ‘noon’; +Ti morn at neet+, ‘night.’
+Tinkler+, _n._ A tinker.
+Tip-trap+, _n._ An arrangement which closes the door, owing to
the weight of the animal releasing a lever as it passes in.
+Tipe+, _v._ To turn over, or fall over.
+Tipple over+, _v._ To fall over.
+Tipple-tail-over+, _n._ Somersault.
+Tit up+, _v._ To pay one’s share.
+Tite+, _Vide_ +As tite+.
+Titter+, _adv._ and _adj._ Sooner, first, willingly.
+Titterly+, _adj._ Early, forward in growth.
+Titty+, _n._ The mother’s milk.
+Tiv+, _Vide_ +Till+.
+Tivvy+, _v._ To roam about.
+To+, _prep._ Often used instead of ‘for.’
Ex.—_We’re gahin’ ti ’ev dumplings ti dinner._ Common in old
writers and the Bible.
+Toft+, _n._ A small grove of trees.
+Tommy-loach+, _n._ The stone-loach.
+To’n+, _n._ A good turn = a kindness.
Ex.—_They’ll deea onnyboddy a good to’n, will John an’ Annie._
+To’n+, _v._ To turn.
+Toon+, _n._ A village.
+Toon street+, _n._ The village street.
+Top-dressin’+, _n._ Manure thrown on, not ploughed in.
+Topping+, _n._ A natural standing-up roll or curl on the forehead,
the hair of the head.
Ex.—_Sha teeak him byv t’ topping an’ shuvved him inti t’ hollin
bush._
+Topping+, +Topper+, _adj._ First-class, very fine.
+Tottering+, _adj._ Unsettled as to weather and life.
Ex.—_It’s been nobbut a tottering tahm fur hay. He’s nobbut
’eving a tottering tahm on ’t; Ah doot he’s nut lang fur here._
+Tottle+, _v._ To toddle, as a child or an infirm person.
+Tottling+, _pp._ Falling.
+Touchous+ } _adj._ Irritable, resentful.
+Touchy+ }
+Touple+, _v._ Another form of +Tottle+. To sway or totter and then
fall over. +Whemm’l+ carries the same double meaning, but is rarely
heard now. To fall.
+Trail+, _v._ To drag along the ground.
2. To move with difficulty, or lazily.
Ex.—_Hoo that lass diz trail aboot. Ah can hardlin’s trail yah
leg efter t’ other._
+Trailtengs+, _n._ A gossiping woman.
+Trailtripes+, _n._ A slatternly woman.
+Trallops+, _n._ A slatternly woman.
+Tramp+, _n._ and _v._ A beggar; to go on foot.
+Tramping+, _part._ Trampling.
+Trap+, _v._ To be severely nipped, as by a box-lid falling on
one’s finger, and the like.
+Trapěs+, _n._ A dirty, untidy woman.
+Trapes+ or +Trapus+, _v._ To walk aimlessly about hither and
thither.
+Traps+, _n._ Belongings.
Ex.—_Pack thi traps up an’ cum alang._
+Trash+, _n._ Good for nothing, either of persons or things.
+Travel+, _v._ To walk, to move along.
Ex.—_Theease steeans mak it bad travelling._
+Trig+, _v._ To fill. As a _noun_, a stone to stop a wheel.
+Trigger+, _n._ One who feeds the cattle. NOTE.—Only used in the
east of the North Riding.
+Trim+, _v._ To cut a hedge, to apply the finishing touch.
+Trimmer+, _adj._ Really good, first-class. _n._ A sharp fellow.
+Trimm’ling-gess+, _n._ Trembling grass.
+Trod+, _n._ A footpath.
+Troll+, _v._ To roll.
+Troll-egg day+, _Vide_ chapter on ‘Customs.’
+Trollibobs+, _n._ Entrails.
+Trunking+, _n._ The business of lobster and crab catching.
+Tu’n+, _Vide_ +To’n+.
+Tundish+, _n._ A funnel.
+Tup+, _n._ A ram.
+Turve+, _n._ A block of turf to be used as fuel.
+Turve-cake+, _n._ A cake baked in a pan having a tightly fitting
lid, which is covered over with burning turves until sufficiently
baked.
+Twadgers+, _n._ A gingerbread cake.
+Twangy+, _adj._ and _adv._ Affected, applied to intonation.
+Twank+, _v._ To administer a sharp smack, to whip.
+Twattle+, _n._ Gossip.
+Twattle+, _v._ To stroke, to pet.
Ex.—_Thoo twattles on wi’ t’ pup ez if ’twar a bairn._
+Tweea+, _num. adj._ Two.
+Twill+, _n._ A quill, as ‘twill pen.’
+Twilt+, _n._ A bed-quilt.
+Twilt+, _v._ To beat, to flog.
+Twilting+, _v._ Cross-stitching two thicknesses together.
+Twine+, _v._ 1. To twist or turn from a direct course.
2. To be fretful.
Ex.—1. _He twisted an’ twin’d uz aboot whahl Ah didn’t knaw
wheear wa war._
+Twiny+, _adj._ Peevish.
+Twisty+, _adj._ Cross, fretful.
+Twitch-bell+, _n._ The earwig (_Forficula auricularia_).
+Twitters+, _n._ A state of nervousness.
+Tyaak+, _Vide_ +Teeak+.
+Tyke+, _n._ A disreputable fellow; the name given to a
Yorkshireman.
U.
+‘Ud+, Would.
+Udge+, _v._ To urge.
+Un+, One.
Ex.—_Sha’s a good un_, i.e. ‘She is a good one.’
+Unbated+, _adj._ Not repressed.
+Unbeknown+, _adj._ Not known.
+Unbethink+, _v._ To call to mind.
+Uncomeatable+, _adj._ and _adv._ Difficult to approach or get at.
+Underdraw+, _v._ To cover with lath and plaster.
+Underhanded+, _adj._ Undersized, poorly developed.
+Underling+, _n._ A stunted, weakly child.
+Undermind+, _v._ To undermine.
+Ungain+, _adj._ Distant, difficult of access, awkward.
Ex.—_It’s sik an ungain spot ti finnd, is yours._
+Unmenseful+, _adj._ Unbecoming, unseemly, ill-mannered.
+Unreave+, _v._ To unwind.
+Unsayable+, _adj._ Not amenable to advice, self-willed.
+Unslot+, _v._ To unfasten by pulling back the slot or bolt.
+Unsteck+, _v._ To unfasten and push open.
+Up, To speak+, _v._ To speak aloud, to defend oneself against an
unjust charge.
+Up with+ = The matter with.
Ex.—_What’s up wi’ t’ bairn?_
+Upbray+, _v._ To upbraid.
+Upend+, _v._ To set on end, to stand upright.
+Upgang+, _n._ A pathway up a hill or mountain.
+Upgrown+, _adj._ Adult.
+Uphold+, +Upho’d+, _v._ 1. To maintain, to give one’s unqualified
support.
2. To provide those things necessary for a person’s welfare, to
sustain.
Ex.—1. _Thee gan on wi’ ‘t, Ah’ll upho’d tha iv all thoo d’z,
’coz thoo’s i’ t’ reet on ’t._
2. _It’ll tak summat ti uphold t’ waay ’at he’s gahin’ on,
i.e. living._
+Upset-price+, _n._ The marked price at which an article is offered
for sale.
+Upset wiv+, _adj._ Put out, disconcerted, worried.
Ex.—_Ah nivver war sae upsetten wiv owt ez Ah war when t’ au’d
meer deed._
+Upshot+, _n._ Final issue, the conclusion of anything.
Ex.—_An’ t’ upshot on ’t war ’at he gat hissel weel bunched._
+Use, To no+ = Useless, unprofitable, worthless.
+Use ti c’u’d+ = Once was able.
+Us+, _adv._ and _conj._ As. _Vide_ +Es+.
V.
+Varra+, _adv._ Very. _Vide_ +Very+.
+Vast+, _n._ and _adj._ A large number.
Ex.—_A vast o’ fooak cam ti t’ feeast. Ther wur a vast mair
bosses ’an Ah aim’d ti see._
+Verser+, _n._ A rhymster.
+Very+, _adj._ An intensive.
Ex.—_Thoo maay slavver on, varra few ’ll pay onny heed ti what
thoo sez. Aye, a varra deeal o’ what he sez is o’ varra larl
matter tiv onnybody._
+Vessel cups+ = Wassail cups.
+Viewly+, +Viewsome+, _adj._ Pleasing to look at, handsome, neatly
and well put together.
Ex.—_It’s a varra viewly cauf. Sha’s a varra viewly lass._
+Volumous+, _adj._ Large, bulky.
Ex.—_It’s a maist volumous consarn, yon is. Ah deean’t tak ti
sike volumous things._
W.
+Wa+, _pron._ We.
+Wad+, _v._ Would.
+Wade+, _v._ To glimmer, as the sun does when rising if the
atmosphere is charged with moisture.
Ex.—_It’ll rain afoor neet, t’ sun waded sadly ez sha peeped
ower Rosberry._
+Waff+, _n._ 1. A slight puff of wind.
2. The slightest scent.
Ex.—1. _It’s despert clooase, ther hezn’t been a waff o’ wind
ti-daay._
2. _Noo Ah’ve ’ed yah waff o’ thi silidge, an’ Ah want na mair
on ’t._
+Waff+, _v._ To bark as a little dog.
+Waffle+, _v._ To hesitate, waver, to be undecided.
+Waffly+, _adj._ 1. Undecided, wavering, vacillating.
2. Shaky, insecure.
3. Weak, dizzy, from illness.
4. Given to foolish talk, chatter, &c.
Ex.—1. _T’ wind’s all roads, it’ll nobbut be a waffly sooart ov
a daay. It’s a varra waffly gahin’ on._
2. _Thoo’d best prop it up wi’ summat, it leeaks a bit waffly._
3. _Liggin’ i’ bed sae lang maks yan feel a bit waffly._
4. _Ah reckon nowt ov her waffly waays._
+Waffy+, _Vide_ +Wauf+.
+Waft+, _n._ A slight puff of wind; a wraith, the appearance in
the spirit form of some known one whose death is imminent.
+Wag+, _v._ To beckon with the finger or hand.
Ex.—_Ah wagg’d on him, bud he w’u’dn’t cum._
+Wage+, _v._ To induce by promise of payment.
Ex.—_Ah c’u’dn’t wage him ti staay efter he’d seen Mally’s waft._
+Wahnt+ = Was not, were not.
+Wain+, _n._ A wagon.
+Wain hoos+, _n._ Wagon shed.
+Wait of+ }
+Wait on+ } _v._ To wait for.
+Wake+, +Waak+, _adj._ Weak.
+Wakken+, _v._ To awake, _active_ and _neuter_.
+Wakkensome+, _adj._ Easily roused.
+Wale+, +Weeal+, +Wheeal+, _v._ To flog with a stick.
+Waling+, +Weealing+, _n._ Planks so fixed as to strengthen the
bank of a river.
+Walk with+, _v._ To court, to be engaged.
Ex.—_Sha’s gi’en Tom t’ go-by, an’ walks wi’ t’ young gardener
noo._
+Walsh+, _adj._ Watery, without flavour.
+Wame+, +Wheeam+, _n._ The stomach.
+Wan+, _v._ Won.
+Wangle+, +Wankle+, _v._ To totter preparatory to falling, or to
totter so as to have the appearance of falling.
Ex.—_Leeak oot! cum back! sha’s startin’ ti wang’l._
+Wangle+, +Wankle+, +Wankly+, _adj._ Tottering.
Ex.—_T’ larl brigg’s a wankly consarn._
+Want+, _v._ Its use is somewhat curious, e.g. _Does this book want
changing?_ i.e. ‘Is this book to be changed?’ _I want my coat
brushing_, i.e. ‘I wish my coat to be brushed.’ _Thoo wants a
good thrashing_, i.e. ‘You deserve,’ &c. _He hezn’t gitten mair
’an he wanted_, i.e. ‘He has not got more than he deserved.’
+Wap-cloth+, _n._ Coarse cloth for pilot coats.
+War+, +Waur+, +Wor+, +Wur+, +Wuz+, _imp. tense_ of ‘to be.’ Was or
were.
+Warbels+, _n._ Swellings on the back of a beast, caused by the
larvae of the gadfly (_Oestrus bovis_).
+War-days+, _n._ Any day save Sunday.
+Wards+, A common suffix signifying direction.
Ex.—_He war cumin’ fra Newton-wards._
+‘Ware+, _v._ Beware.
+Ware+, _v._ To lay out one’s money, to spend.
Ex.—_He awlus wares his brass ez if he meant ti git fowr penno’th
o’ stuff fur a threpenny bit._
+Wark+, _v._ and _n._ Work. Its use is manifold, see below.
+Wark+, _v._ To ache, also as a _noun_.
Ex.—_Mah back warks past bahding. Thoo mun wark it_ (arrange it)
_seea ez he ’ez ti deea a day’s wark_ (a day’s labour).
_That’ll gi’e him t’ back-wark_ (ache). _‘At’ll wark_ (remove)
_all t’ warks_ (pains) _’at’s warking_ (aching) _oot on him_.
+Warm+, _adj._ In easy circumstances, well-off.
+Warm+, _v._ To chastise, to flog.
+Warn+, _v._ To summon, to call together, to warn or swear in.
+Warp+, _v._ To flood land with water, either by artificial means
or naturally by overflowing during heavy rains, in order that a
deposit may be left upon the surface when the water recedes.
+Warridge+, _n._ The withers of a horse.
+Warse+, +Wuss+, +Wees+, _adj._ Worse.
+Warsen+, +Warsening+, _v._ To gradually grow worse.
Ex.—_T’ crop warsens ivvery year. Tommy warsens; he’s gahin’ ti
pop off if he dizn’t pick up a bit._
+Warzle+, +Wezzle+, _v._ To gain by craft, to cajole, to flatter,
to wheedle.
Ex.—_Sha’s a queer un, sha can wezzle owt oot o’ ma. He can
warzle tha inti believing owt._
+Wastrell+, _n._ An extravagant spendthrift.
+Water-bleb+, _Vide_ +Bleb+.
+Water-brash+, +Water-springs+, _n._ Acidity, heartburn.
+Water-heck+, _n._ A rail or swing gate hung across the stream to
prevent cattle from straying.
+Wath+, _n._ A ford.
+Watter+, The common pronunciation of ‘Water.’
+Wauf+, +Waufish+, _adj._ Faint, weak, insipid.
+Wax+, _v._ To grow.
Ex.—_He’s a waxing lad that._
+Wax kernel+, _n._ Swellings in the neck and hollow of the jaw.
+Way-corn+, _n._ Oats or barley.
+Way-wards+, _Vide_ +Wards+.
+Ways+, _n._ Way. Used in such sentences as _Gan thi ways heeam.
Noo git thi ways in. Cu’ thi ways, honey._
+Wean+, +Weean+, _n._ A female. An opprobrious epithet.
+Weather-fast+, _adj._ Kept in or prevented from carrying out one’s
plans owing to stress of weather.
+Weather-gaul+, _n._ The incomplete arc of a rainbow, only half
being visible, the sure sign of a coming shower, if not of a bad
spell of weather.
Ex.—_A dyer’s neeaf an’ a weather-gaul
Sheppards warn ’at rain ’ll fall._
+Weazand+, +Wizzan+, _n._ The windpipe. Ex.—_He did shut his tung
oot when Ah nipped his wizzan foor him._
+Wed+, _v._ To marry. ‘Marry’ is rarely used in any tense or mood.
+Weearish+, _adv._ Irritable.
+Weeks+, _n._ Corners. I give the word because I know a few old
people on whose lips it still lingers, but it is rarely heard now.
I heard an old dame not so long ago say to a well-known gossip,
_If thoo hed t’ weeks o’ thi mooth stitchen, an’ t’ weeks o’ thi
een slitten, thoo’d be yabble ti see t’ muck i’ t’ weeks o’ thi
awn hoos, an’ saay less aboot uther fowk_.
+Weetless+, _adj._ Lacking knowledge.
+Wefted, To be+, _v._ To be closely associated with.
+Weight+, +Wite+, _n._ Quantity, &c. Ex.—_There warn’t a gret
weight o’ taaties ti year. Neea gret weight o’ rain fell thruff
t’ neet._
+Welt+, _Vide_ +Rigged+.
+Welting+, _n._ A sound thrashing.
+Wer+, +Wern+, _poss. pron._ Our, our own.
+Werrick+, _n._ and _v._ A half-smothered laugh; to laugh, to
chuckle.
+Wersells+ } _pron._ Ourselves
+Wersens+ }
+Wet, To+, _v._ To rain lightly.
+Wet-shod+, _adj._ Wet as to feet, boots and stockings soaked.
+Weyfe+, +Wahfe+, _n._ Wife.
+Wezzel+, _Vide_ +Rezzel+.
+Wezzle+, _Vide_ +Warzle+.
+Whack+, _v._ To flog.
+Whacker+, _adj._ Larger than ordinary.
+Whahl+, _adv._ Until. _Until_, however, is never heard amongst the
country people, _whahl_ or _while_ being general.
+Whallack+, _v._ To flog with a stick or strap.
+Whallacker+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Whacker+.
+Whallacking+, _adj._ Very large.
+Whallop+, _v._ To whip soundly.
+Whang+, +Wheeang+, _n._ A thong.
+Whang+, _n._ A sudden and heavy drop, or a blow; a thick slice.
Also as a _verb_, to strike a heavy blow.
+Whanging+, _adj._ _Vide_ +Whallacking+.
+Whap+, _n._ A sudden movement, a jerk. Ex.—_He went by wiv a whap._
+Whap+, _v._ To close with a bang; to give a smart tap on the
knuckles; to flap, as a wing.
+Whapper+, +Whopper+, _adj._ Huge.
+What for+, +What for not+, _adv._ Why, why not.
+What mud be deean+ = No matter what precaution may have been taken.
Ex.—_Ah shuv’d wi’ my back, an’ Billy thrust his hardest wiv a
powl, but doon it cam, what mud be deean._
+What one could+, or +‘Ativver he+, +Ah+, or +yan could+ = One’s
very best efforts.
Ex.—_Ah pull’d ’ativver Ah could pull, bud it war ti neea ewse.
Yan did what yan could, bud it war ti larl good._
+Whatten+, _pron._ What. Ex.—_Whatten a tahm o’ daay is ’t? Whatten
a sooart ov a thing diz ti call that?_
+Whau+, +Wheea+, _pron._ Who.
+Wheea s’ ow’ ‘t?+ lit. who shall owe or own it, i.e. To whom does
it belong? Who owns it? Ex.—_Wheea s’ ow’ ‘t bairn?_
+Whemmel+, _v._ To rock to and fro and then fall over.
+Whewling+, _adj._ Dizzy.
+Whewtle+, _v._ To whistle, to squeak.
+Whidder+, +Wither+, _n._ 1. A rush. 2. A sharp and swinging blow.
Ex.—1. _He did gan by wiv a wither._
2. _Ah’ll catch thee sike a wither aback o’ t’ lug if thoo dizn’t
mahnd._
+Whiff+, _v._ To puff in short blasts, as smoke sometimes puffs
downwards and into the room.
+Whiffle-whaffle+, _n._ Idle talk.
+Whiffley+, _v._ To trifle, to vacillate.
+Whimly+, _adv._ Quietly, softly. _Vide_ +Whisht+.
+Whimsey+, _adj._ Changeable, unstable.
+Whins+, _n._ The gorse.
+Whipster+, _n._ A doubtful character.
+Whip-stitch+, _n._ A useless fellow.
+Whirken+, _v._ To choke.
+Whisht+, _adv._ Noiselessly, quietly. Ex.—_Them bisittles gans
varra whisht._
+Whisht+, _adj._ Silent, noiseless.
+Whisht+, _intj._ Be quiet! Hush!
+Whittle+, _n._ A knife.
+Whittle+, _v._ To shave or slice off with a knife.
+Whizzle+, _Vide_ +Warzle+.
+Whoats+, +Whots+, _n._ Oats.
+Whya+, _intj._ Well. If used at the end of a remark = Very well.
Ex.—Q. _Thoo’ll cum on o’ Sundaay?_ A. _Whya._
+Wi’+, _prep._ With. +Wiv+ before a vowel.
+Wick+, _adj._ Living, lively, vigorous. Ex.—_Ah want yan ’at’s
wick, nut a deead un. By goa, sha’s a wick un, is yon young miss._
+Wick+, _n._ Life. Ex.—_This bangs all ’at Ah’ve seean i’ mah wick._
+Wicken+, _v._ To gather wickens.
+Wickens+, +Wicks+, _n._ Couch grass.
+Wicken-wood+, _n._ The mountain ash, the rowan-tree.
+Wicker+, _v._ To neigh, whinny.
+Wicks+, _n._ Seedlings of the whitethorn.
+Wicksilver+, _n._ Quicksilver.
+Widdle-waddling+, _v._ To waddle.
+Widdy+, _n._ A young willow shoot.
+Wikes+, _n._ The corners of the mouth.
+Wildfire+, _n._ Erysipelas.
+Win+, _v._ To attain one’s object by considerable effort.
+Wind+, _n._ Information, a hint. Ex.—_Ah gat wind o’ what he war
efter. If he gets wind o’ what thoo’s deean, thoo’ll drop in for
’t._
+Wind, To lose one’s+ = To die. ‘Wind’ is often used for ‘breath.’
+Winder+, +Winn’l+, _v._ To winnow.
+Winder+ or +Winn’ling machine+, _n._ A winnowing machine.
+Windle straw+ or +Winn’l streah+, _n._ A dead stalk of straw or
grass.
+Winge+, _v._ To threaten to kick (of a horse), to cry peevishly.
+Winter-hedge+, _n._ A clothes-horse.
+Wipe+, _n._ A sharp slap, a hurried rub. Also a _verb_.
Ex.—_Ah’ll wipe tha across t’ feeace._
+Wire-ling+, _n._ The crowberry plant.
+Wire-rush+, _n._ The hard rush (_Juncus glaucus_).
+Wit+, _n._ Knowledge. Ex.—_He hezn’t wit ti deea a job o’ that
sooart. He show’d mair wit ’an what Ah aim’d foor._
+Wiv+, _prep._ With.
+Wivoot+, +Widoot+, _prep._ Without, unless.
+Wizen+, _v._ and _adj._ To shrivel, to dry up.
Ex.—_Sha’s gitten an au’d wizen’d feeace._
+Woomle+, _n._ An auger.
+Wor+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Worral-hole+, _n._ A draught-hole let into the wall through a
drain-pipe at the back of the fire, used to burn sea-coal.
+Worn+, _adj._ Exhausted, used up. Ex.—_Ah’s fairly woorn oot wi’
t’ job. Ah gat weary an’ worn afoor t’ daay war spent._
+Worry+, _v._ To kill. Ex.—_Sha’s nobbut a young un, bud sha’s
worried a ratten alriddy._
+Worsen+, +Warsen+, _v._ 1. To make worse. 2. To gain the advantage
of. _Vide_ +Warsen+.
Ex.—1. _Thoo worsens owt ’at thoo puts thi han’ teeea._
2. _Ah worsen’d him all t’ waay thruff t’ bargain._
+Wostler+, _n._ Hostler.
+Wrang+, _adj._ Wrong.
+Wrecklin+, _n._ The last and smallest of a litter or brood.
+Wringe+, _v._ To whine like a dog, to cry out in pain. Often
+Winge+.
+Wrizzled+, _Vide_ +Razzelled+.
+Wrong with, To get+, _v._ To quarrel, to have a misunderstanding.
+Wrought+, +Wrowt+, _v._ To work, to strive. Ex.—_Neea chap’s wrowt
harder ’an what he hez. Ah’ve wrowt an’ tew’d all t’ daay whahl
Ah’s worn oot._
+Wummely+, _v._ To move in a sinuous manner.
+Wur+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Wurk+, _Vide_ +Wark+.
+Wuz+, _Vide_ +War+.
+Wye+, _n._ A heifer under three years of age.
+Wyke+, +Week+, _n._ A small bay on the sea-coast.
Y.
+Yabble+, +Yabblins+. 1. Able. 2. Maybe, perhaps.
Ex.—1. _Thoo’ll be yabble ti deea ’t._
2. Q. _Will ta leeak in ez thoo passes?_ A. _Yabblins_ (or
_Ablins_) _Ah will_.
+Yaccorn+, +Yakron+, _n._ The acorn.
+Yacker+, _n._ Acre.
+Yaffle+, _v._ To mumble, to speak indistinctly.
+Yah+, _num. adj._ One. N.B. +Yah+, unlike +Yan+, is never used
singly, but is always followed by a word agreeing with it,
e.g. ‘Yah chap,’ ‘Yah tahm.’
Ex.—_Yah daay Ah went wi’ yan on ’em. Yah tahm yan o’ your lads
bunched ma. Yan’s shooting yah things, &c._
+Yak+, _n._ Oak.
+Yal+, _n._ Ale.
+Yalhoos+, Alehouse.
+Yam+, _n._ Home. _Vide_ +Heeam+.
+Yam+, _v._ _Vide_ +Aim+.
+Yan+, _num. adj._ and _indf. pron._ One. _Vide_ +Yah+.
+Yance+, _adv._ Once.
+Yance ower+, Once, at that time.
+Yank+, _v._ To thrash, to flog.
+Yap+, _v._ To bark at one’s heels, to talk foolishly.
+Yark+, _v._ 1. To strike with a switch. 2. To pull out with a jerk.
Ex.—2. _Thi float’s blobb’d unner, yark ’t oot._
+Yarker+, _n._ The best of a sample. Ex.—_Tak that un, mun, it’s a
yarker._
+Yarking+, _n._ A whipping with a switch.
+Yarp+, _v._ To shout, to speak loudly. _Vide_ +Yowp+.
+Yat+, _adj._ Hot. Ex.—_It wur that yat, Ah c’u’dn’t ho’d it._
+Yat+, _n._ A gate.
+Yat-steead+, _n._ The ground covered by the sweep of the gate.
+Yat-stoop+, +Yat-stoup+, _n._ A gate-post.
+Yaud+, _n._ A horse or mare, usually on its last legs.
+Yearn+, _v._ To curdle milk.
+Yearning+, _n._ Rennet.
+Yed+, _v._ To make runs underground, as a rabbit, mole, &c.
+Yedder+, +Yether+, _n._ A young shoot in a hedge, which, being
half cut, is utilized to strengthen some weaker part.
+Yeead+, +Heead+, Head.
+Yer-nut+, _n._ The earth-nut (_Bunium flexuosum_).
+Yet+, _adv._ Still. Ex.—_Is t’ wagon here yet?_ would not imply
‘Has the wagon arrived?’ but ‘Is it still here?’
+Yeth+, _n._ Earth.
+Yethwurm+, _n._ The earthworm.
+Yewn+, _Vide_ +Yown+.
+Yocken+, _v._ To swallow greedily.
+Yoke+, _n._ The shoulder-bar by which two pails can be carried
with ease.
+Yoke+, _v._ To buckle the harness on the horse to the shafts.
+Yon+, _adj._ and _adv._ That, over there. Used demonstratively of
persons and things.
+Yotten+, _Vide_ +Yocken+.
+Youst+, _pp._ Used.
+Yow+, _n._ A female sheep.
+Yowl+, _n._ A plaintive howl.
+Yowl+, _v._ To howl, to cry plaintively.
+Yown+, +Yewn+, +Yuen+, _n._ An oven. Ex.—_Now ’t’s neyce, t’
yuen’s nivver been yat._
+Yowp+, +Yope+, _v._ To cry as a young dog when first kennelled, to
speak in a shrill voice.
+Yuck+, A curious usage is attached to this word. At any social
gathering in the Cleveland dales, when those assembled have grown
excited, some one will shout, _Yuck foor oor deeal_, to which
another will instantly reply, _Yuck foor Castleton_, or _Yuck
foor_ ——, mentioning his own locality. I fancy in days past it
would be given as a challenge; it now carries with it the sense
of ‘To cheer,’ or ‘Here’s to our dale.’
+Yuer+, +Ur+, _n._ The udder of a cow.
+Yuk+, _v._ To beat.
+Yuking+, _n._ A beating.
+Yule-cake+, _n._ A rich plum-cake made for Christmastide, and cut
into on Christmas Eve.
+Yule-candle+, +-cann’l+, _n._ A large wax candle lighted on
Christmas Eve.
+Yule-log+ or +-clog+, _n._ The log burnt on the fire on Christmas
Eve.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
It is a fact, and one worthy of all commendation, that every
Yorkshireman considers the dialect spoken in the immediate locality
wherein he was reared, as being not only the best, but the purest.
Doubtless in some cases this is quite correct, but not in all.
Contiguity to other counties has a deteriorating influence, which
naturally extends across both borders, and is sometimes very
far-reaching in its effect. Owing to this and other causes, many of
my readers will find the pronunciation of some words, as given both
in the Glossary and throughout the work, not quite in tune with the
sound in which they daily hear such words uttered. This difficulty
presented itself at the very commencement of the work. A rule had to
be adopted to obtain something approaching uniformity and conciseness.
To accomplish this, area has been chosen; i.e. in all cases in which
a word has several pronunciations, those given in the Glossary and
elsewhere, so far as the writer knows, are the pronunciations most
generally in use throughout the riding. It may be noted, as we approach
the West Riding and South Lancashire, that the vowel sounds of _a_,
_e_, and _o_ have a growing tendency to broaden in sound, often
becoming _u_. This, however, should be carefully guarded against in
writing the dialect of the North Riding[113], as there is ample proof
that over a very wide area the original sound of eighty years ago was
the same as now used in Cleveland. These gradual local alterations form
in time what botanists call sports.
Many words in such places are to-day passing through a transitional
stage. E.g. let us compare a few words as spoken eighty years ago in
two places I well know, viz. Bedale and Great Ayton. The former is much
nearer the West Riding than the latter, and very forcibly shows the
gradual alteration in pronunciation some words have undergone since
1800.
PRONUNCIATION.
_As used in _As given in │ _As _As pronounced│
the North a Glossary │ pronounced in the │ _Meaning._
Riding, published │ in Bedale, West Riding,│
1898._ at Bedale, │ 1898._ 1898._ │
1800._
Chetch Chŭch Church
Deear Doour Door
To’n Tŭ’n Turn
Stor Sturr Stir
Fo’st Fust First
Ez Uz As
Fau’k Fooak Folk
Neeaze Nooaz Nose
Cleease Clooase Close
Ken _or_ Kern Chen _or_ Chun Churn
Diz Duz Does
Wark Wurrk Work
War _or_ Wor Wuz Was _or_ were
Ax’d Ast, Assed Asked
Clais, Cleeas Clooaz Clothes
Deean’t Dooan’t Don’t
Fleear Flooar Floor
Gahin’ _or_ ganning Bown Bahn Going
The Glossary contains many words common to other dialects[114],
especially the folk-speech of North Lincolnshire, Cumberland,
Westmoreland, North Lancashire, and East Anglia.
It may be of interest to note over what a wide area the dialect of the
North Riding is understood and in the main spoken. As an entertainer, I
come in touch with the country people of many places, and I have often
been surprised at the quickness with which the various points in my
dialect sketches have been seized by those of other counties. Naturally
I am able to indulge much more freely, both in dialect and idiom, in
some places than in others.
The North and West Riding dialects widely differ not only as to
vocabulary, but in drawl and intonation; e.g. take the following
sentences:—
NORTH RIDING. Noo, mun, wheear’s ta gahin’ teea? Ah’s gahin’ doon t’
toon.
WEST RIDING. Nah, lad, whor’s ta bahn tew? Ah w’ bahn dahn t’ tahn.
Hear each sentence uttered by men of their respective ridings, and my
readers will better understand my meaning than from pages of written
explanation. There is also another difference. Whilst many titled
people, and members of the best families in the North and East Ridings,
can, when they have a mind to, speak the dialect fluently, of only a
few of the leading families in the West Riding whom I have met am I
able to say the same thing. There seems to be a feeling that in some
way it would be _infra dig._ to admit ability to speak a word of their
own folk-speech.
Referring to the wide area over which the dialect of the North and
East Ridings is spoken, granting without questioning slight variation
in pronunciation, the addition of new words, and the loss of familiar
ones as we pass along, we find that practically the same dialect exists
amongst the country folk inside the following rough boundary line. Draw
right-lines commencing at Boston Spa, Lincolnshire, and connecting the
following places, Doncaster, Harrogate, Lancaster, along the coast-line
to Carlisle, thence to Darlington, Stockton, Middlesborough[115], and
along the north-east coast. By so doing you wall in what may be aptly
termed, ‘the north-east folk-speech.’ But far over this imaginary
line, in certain directions, the dialect is understood and appreciated.
This is not surprising when we remember the same races overran and
peopled the whole of the country from the Wash to the Tyne and thence
north-westward.
They may be easily traced by their place-names—the by’s, thorpes,
cliffs, wicks, dales, &c.
But if we compare the folk-speech of the district so walled in, with
that of the Danes and their kinfolk, then its Norse origin is seen at a
glance. E.g. take the few following words—scores of the like could have
been given:—
_North and _Cumberland _Standard
East and _Danish._ _Scotch._ English._
Riding._ Westmoreland._
Mowdywarp Mowdywarp Muldvarp Moudie Mole
Beck Beck Bæk ... A small
stream
Lake Lake Lege ... Play
Beeal Beel Bjæle ... Bellow
Bield Bield Bylja ... A shelter
(Swedish)
Gah, gan Ga, gang Gaae Ga Go
Neeaf Neif Næve Neive Fist
Bink Bink Bænk Bink Bench
Gliff Gliff Glippe Gliff Quick
glance
Gesling Gezling Gjæsling Gesling Gosling
Gloor Glower Glo Glower Stare
Skrike Skrike Skrige Skreich Scream
Teeam Teem Toomme Toom (to Pour out
empty)
Feck, _n._
ability
Feckless, Feckless Fik is the Feckless Incapable of
_adj._ past tense providing
of faa, to for oneself
get[116], imp.
tense, feck
The Danish, Norwegian, Lowland Scotch, and north-east folk-speech are
closely allied. We must not, however, compare the spelling, but the
general sound of the words. Take the two first lines of the Danish
national song—
DANISH. Kong Christian stod ved hoien mast.
NORTH RIDING. King Christian steead byv t’ heegh mast.
DANISH. I’ Rog[117] og damp.
NORTH RIDING. I’ roke an’ reek.
Again, take two lines from a poem in Modern Friesic published in 1834.
The centre lines are from the poem, with the modern North Riding
dialect above and standard English below.
NORTH RIDING. What be’st thoo, leyfe?
FRIESIC. Hwat bist dhow, libben?
STANDARD ENGLISH. What art thou, life?
NORTH RIDING. Fra t’ scepter’d king ti t’ slaave.
FRIESIC. Fen de scepterde kening ta da slave.
STANDARD ENGLISH. From the sceptred king to the slave.
For a list of words common to the English, Dutch, and Scandinavian
languages, see _Trans. Phil. Soc._ part i. 1858.
Much that is written and spoken at the present day is quite over the
heads of our country people. Take the following, from one of our best
authors:—‘He who performs every part of his business in due course
and season, suffers no part of time to escape without profit. And it
is well always to regard the quality rather than the quantity of your
work, and bear in mind, if you delay till to-morrow what ought to be
done to-day, you overcharge to-morrow with a burden which belongs not
to it,’ Our country folk would fully grasp the above if put to them
something like the following:—‘Him ’at diz a daay’s wark iv a daay,
dizn’t waste his tahm, an’ mannishes ti git a bit foor hissel. An’ yan
awlus owt ti aim ti deea t’ bit ’at yan diz deea fo’st-class, mair ’an
aiming ti clash thruff a seet o’ wark onny road; an’ think on, if ya
lig o’ yah sahd whahl ti morn what ya owt ti-deea ti daay, ya saddle ti
morn wiv a boddun ’at it’s neea call ti bear.’
Hah am the rose o’ Sharon and the lily o’ the valley.
In a work kindly lent me by my friend Dr. Johnson of Lancaster, and
published some years ago for the Philological Society, the author,
quoting from _Latham on the English Language_, gives the above as a
specimen of North Riding dialect—nay, more, of Cleveland itself. Surely
the writer can never have spent a day in any part of Cleveland, for the
sentence given contains but twelve words, seven of which are distinctly
not Clevelandic.
The country people, when speaking _naturally_, rarely use the aspirate,
except as an intensive. Otherwise they have little use for it. And when
‘H’ is preceded by the definite article, they do not drop it in the
sense generally understood; the fact is they cannot well sound it, for
this reason—the definite article is ‘t’, ‘the[118]’ being but rarely
used. They could not say ‘t’ horse,’ ‘t’ house,’ ‘t’ hamper,’ &c.; with
them it is, ‘t’ hoss,’ ‘t’ hoos,’ ‘t’ hamper,’ pronounced ‘toss,’
‘toos,’ ‘tamper.’
‘The horse is yoked,’ ‘the hamper is in the wagon,’ and ‘the whip is
under the wheels,’ as spoken, would sound to unfamiliar ears as if the
speaker had said ‘toss is yoked,’ ‘tamper’s i’ twagon,’ and ‘twip’s
unner tweels.’
The definite article, to those unaccustomed to our folk-speech, seems
to be entirely wanting. Certainly before _b_, _m_, and _n_ it is only
very slightly sounded, and it becomes the merest touch of the tongue
against the palate when preceding words commencing with _d_ or _t_.
‘Shut the door, the bacon and the beans are on the table,’ would sound
to a stranger as though the speaker said, ‘Shut deear, bacon an’ beeans
is on table’; the speaker having in reality said, ‘Shut t’ deear, t’
bacon an’ t’ beeans is on t’ table.’
To return, however, to the line from Solomon’s Song, given as a
specimen of Cleveland dialect. Let us see what the rendering should
have been.
Hah am the rose o’ Sharon and the lily o’ the valley.
Ah’s t’ roase o’ Sharon an’ t’ lily o’ t’ valley.
The lower line is North Yorkshire and pure Cleveland, the upper line is
said to be so.
It has been remarked that the aspirate is almost unknown—so it is as
a letter, but not as an intensive. The aspirate, when misplaced by
those speaking naturally, is only used to add greater force. ‘He’s
mah henemy foor hivver,’ leaves no doubt that the injury sustained is
of an unbridgeable character. Such a sentence, however, holds quite a
different place in grammar, too. ‘Hi hallers taike shagar i’ my tea.’
The first example is Yorkshire intensified, minus any adjectives, the
first ‘H’ expressing or suggesting some such feeling as implacable,
and the ‘hever’ meaning for ever and ever. The latter is the vile and
affected speech of the upper circles of Yorkshire flunkeys and maids,
who try to improve upon their mother tongue. It holds no place in our
folk-speech. It is hateful, and is only indulged in by those of whom
the old people say, ‘When they start ti knack an’ scrape ther tungs,
what they saay’s nowther nowt na summat,’ i.e. ‘When they begin to talk
affectedly, what they say is neither one thing nor another.’
There is one other peculiarity which must be noticed—the possessive
case. I should imagine a hundred years ago its disuse was universal
in both ridings. My reason for so thinking lies in the fact that in
any old books wherein the owners have inscribed their names—and they
usually did (books were valued in those days)—the names are never
written in the possessive case. It is always ‘Tom Smith book,’ ‘Ann
Scott book.’ Even to-day in many places, when speaking, the observance
of the case is conspicuous by its absence. E.g. in the Boroughbridge
and other districts they would not say ‘Jack Wilson’s dog bit Smith’s
calf,’ and ‘Peggy’s cat flew through Nanny’s window,’ but ‘Jack Wilson
dog bit Smith cauf,’ and ‘Peggy cat flew throw Nanny window.’ Such
sentences as ‘Ho’d t’ hoss heead,’ ‘Pull t’ pig lug,’ and ‘Twist t’
coo tail,’ &c., are still universal in both ridings. The instances
in which the possessive is used, and vice versa, are now about equal
in the North Riding. The peculiar forms of redundancy are many and
curious. ‘Ah nivver at neea tahm sed nowt aboot nowt ti neeabody,’
simply means, ‘I never said anything to any one. I think the following
example, which I overheard one Yorkshireman say to another just before
the train moved out of Guisborough station, is the finest on record.
‘Whya,’ said he, ‘thoo mun saay what thoo ’ez a mahnd teea, bud think
on, thoo knaws, ’at Ah knaw ’at he knaws, ’at thoo knaws ’at Ah knaw,
all aboot ivverything ’at’s ivver been deean an’ ‘at’s ivver ta’en
pleeace.’ I heard a man say a short time ago, ‘Ah s’ be agate ti git
agate ti set agate Tom fo’st thing ti morn at morn’; i.e. ‘Ah s’ be
agate,’ I shall be about; ’ti git agate,’ to commence work; ’ti set
agate,’ to set Tom to work; ‘fo’st thing ti morn at morn,’ first thing
in the morning. Said one to another, ‘Noo Ah’ll tell ya what, hard
eneeaf, he war neean ower-suited when he fan oot ’at he’d ’ev ti ’ev
’t ower wi’ ma owther thruff or by. An’ noo when Ah’ve fetched him up
ti t’ scrat, he sez ’at he’s putten t’ dog oot o’ t’ road; bud Ah’s
satisfied o’ yah thing, t’ dog rave mah britches, an’ Ah s’all leeak ti
him ti mak ’em good agaan, foor he ’ez a reet ti owther deea that or
’livver summat up i’ lieu on’t; bud Ah reckon nowt o’ what he sez, an’
that’s t’ len’th on ’t.’ i.e. ‘Noo Ah’ll tell ya what,’ now I assure
you; ‘hard eneeaf,’ without doubt; ‘he war neean ower-suited,’ he was
not over-pleased; ‘when he fan oot,’ when he discovered; ‘’at he’d ’ev
ti ’ev it ower wi’ ma,’ that he would have to talk it over with me;
‘owther thruff or by,’ either one way or the other; ‘an’ noo when Ah’ve
fetched him up ti t’ scrat,’ and now when I have made him toe the mark;
‘he sez ’at he’s putten t’ dog oot o’ t’ road,’ he says that he has
killed the dog; ‘bud Ah’s satisfied o’ yah thing,’ but I am certain of
one thing; ’t’ dog rave mah britches,’ the dog tore my trousers; ‘an’
Ah s’all leeak ti him ti mak ’em good agaan,’ and I shall expect him to
replace them; ‘foor he ’ez a reet ti,’ for he ought to; ‘owther deea
that or ’livver summat up,’ either do that or give something; ‘i’ lieu
on ’t,’ in place of it (them); ‘bud Ah reckon nowt o’ what he sez,’ but
I place no confidence in anything he says; ‘an’ that’s t’ len’th on
’t,’ and that is the extent of it.
If the reader masters the abbreviations and elisions facing page 1,
the _pons asinorum_ will have been crossed, and the reading of our
folk-speech found to be a thing easy of accomplishment and a delightful
acquisition.
It will be well to remember, when reading aloud, that a consonant
with an elided vowel must be joined either to the word preceding or
following, as ’t’ hoss,’ ’t’ hens,’ ‘t’ wax,’ the horse, the hens, the
wax, which would be pronounced ’toss,’ ‘tens,’ ‘twax.’ Again, ‘Sha’s
i’ t’ sulks’ would be ’shas it sulks,’ and ‘Oot wi’ ‘t, put tane ti
t’ ither,’ would be rendered as ’oot wit, put tane ti tither,’ ‘Ah’ve
deean noo, t’ ink’s ommaist dhry i’ mah pen, seea this’ll ’a’e ti be
T’ LAP UP ON ‘T.’
OXFORD: HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
FOOTNOTES:
[1] ‘Nothing is the same.’
[2] Ask.
[3] Before retiring to rest the older and more superstitious look round
to see if there is a shadowless head thrown on the wall; should any one
cast such a shadow, it is held they will die ere next Christmas Eve
comes round.
[4] In many of our dales on Christmas morn, no one will leave the house
until some one brings luck in by crossing the threshold with a bit of
green in their hand.
[5] Also called Pace-egg. The Danish word is Paaskeaeg.
[6] The small stack often seen in our churches at a harvest
thanksgiving is a survival of the mell doll.
[7] The stang was ridden at Thoralby, Wensleydale, as recently as
October, 1896.
[8] The pole was a stang or cow-staff.
[9] The original was most kindly lent to me by the Lady of the Manor,
Mrs. Chaloner.
[10] A three-legged race. In this there was nothing unseemly, for a
long way into this century the skirts worn came but little below the
knee. Bear in mind, both in launching and beaching their husband’s or
father’s boat, the women and girls of to-day often rush up to the waist
in the sea to lend a helping hand.}
[11] Some explanation is needed to make this task understandable. A
large basket (probably a wide creel) had a strong pole thrust through
the wicker-work or handles improvised for the occasion; each end of the
pole was then rested upon some suitable support, leaving the basket
free to swing about a foot from the ground. On each support and near
to the pole a shell or other light object was placed. The thing to be
done would not be easy of accomplishment. Those contending for the
prize had in turn to seat themselves astride of the pole with both
feet inside the basket; thus seated, and firmly grasping the pole
with one hand, they had to knock off the shell with a stick (which in
the meantime they used to steady themselves with), then turn round,
reseat themselves, knock off the other shell, and then get out without
overbalancing. You try it, but have something soft to fall upon. It is
marvellous how soon it is the next person’s turn.
[12] Thirty years ago it was common.
[13] The details of the plate-throwing vary slightly in different
localities.
[14] In some parts it was customary for the winner, after having
removed the garter, to enter the bridal chamber, turn down the bed
clothes, and offer to the bride a hot pot as she entered to remove
her bridal attire, and then salute her; did he omit the latter, he
forfeited the garter.
[15] I gather from a diary, dated 1625, which has been kindly sent
to me as I am correcting my proof sheets, that originally it was the
bridegroom’s duty to tie on the bridal garters.
[16] Lusty.
[17] Sound of wind.
[18] The story was given me by an eye-witness.
[19] Only when returning were the guns discharged as a rule.
[20] Each in turn slipped the garter over his glass on to his wrist.
The garters were nearly a yard long; as used above, the ends were tied
together to form a loop.
[21] A native of Exelby.
[22] It would seem these two often worked their charms in company.
[23] I have no knowledge as to the meaning of these two words; their
real pronunciation may have been lost, or perhaps they are simply cant
words.
[24] My own opinion is that ‘R. H.’ was William Hird’s father, though
he never admitted it.
[25] The garland consisted of two hoops intertwined, decorated with
white paper flowers and ribbons, in the centre of which was a white
glove, often home-made, of paper or fine linen, upon which was written
or worked in some fine stitch the initials or name in full and age of
the deceased. According to locality this garland was either carried in
front of the coffin by one of the deceased’s dearest companions, or
laid upon it. This custom might well have been retained.
[26] And many other places in Cleveland.
[27] The author is quite aware some other writers state that the fire
is never allowed to die out whilst the corpse is in the room. He never
knew or heard of such a custom, though possibly such may exist.
[28] In the North Riding, about three miles from Ripon.
[29] _The Gospelles of Distaues_, published by Wynkyn de Worde about
1530, contains the following:—‘If it happen that somebody stride over a
little childe, know ye for certain that it shall never grow more, but
if (unless) they stride backward over it again. Gloss: Certainly, said
Sebylle, of such thing cometh dwarfs and little women.’
[30] Richard Kirby, who gave me the above and several other stories
concerning witches, still lives in Carthorpe, near Bedale.
[31] Nanny must have been disguised in some way, at least one would
think so, otherwise Mrs. Langstaff would have recognized her at once,
both being natives of that part.
[32] Inconvenienced, literally ‘cost.’
[33] Never accomplished his life’s work, i.e. committed suicide.
[34] ‘T au’d un,’ or the old one = the devil.
[35] Possibly this meant the longer he waited there, the longer he
would remain in the river.
[36] Boyes Wetherell lost his wife on the birth of their first child, a
boy. Boyes tended his bairn with a mother’s love and care, and when the
child was four years old, he tramped all the way to London with the lad
on his back. Once they slept in a grave; but the journey is a story.
[37] A contemporary of the wise man of Stokesley, but having nothing
like the same reputation.
[38] An aperient drink.
[39] A worral hole is a drain-pipe let in the wall immediately at the
back of the fire; this is to afford sufficient draught to burn the sea
coal which is daily gathered from the beach.
[40] A sucking-pig.
[41] A cant phrase of the time is used in the original.
[42] The devil.
[43] Hand in hand, both touch the floor together. This has already been
referred to.
[44] Observe the lack of the possessive case.
[45] The ground covered would be about twenty miles—not bad.
[46] A woman was adjudged the same punishment at Bedale (for a
different offence) in the year 1779, also at Thirsk and Northallerton.
[47] For other interesting matter concerning Nan Hardwicke, _vide_
Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[48] Observe rice is now being ousted by confetti, which is much
better—rice is so dangerous.
[49] This statement has nothing to do with his private life, only as
that of a wise man. ‘De mortuis nil nisi bonum.’
[50] This would be the father of the Mr. Scorer I knew, who for many
years lived at Basedale Abbey.
[51] I know that Mr. G. Markham Tweddle holds quite contrary views. His
idea is that Wrightson was little better than a huge swindler.
[52] For other authentic stories of Wrightson, _vide_ Henderson’s
_Folklore_.
[53] A small four-legged stool.
[54] A hedgehog.
[55] I met a man in the train the other day who said he had often seen
them sucking.
[56] Henry Wilson, of Broughton, was a wise man of some repute after
Wrightson’s time.
[57] Something like Sadler and Clarke’s method.
[58] The usual time was midnight; this case, so far as I know, is
unique.
[59] Accuse openly.
[60] To prepare a ‘hand of glory,’ the hand of a man who had been
hanged had to be left for some days in a special kind of pickle;
afterwards it was dried in the sun, and then parched in the smoke of
certain herbs. A special kind of candle had to be made from certain
fats; with this candle lighted and stuck in the dead man’s hand, a
hypnotic sleep could be cast upon a whole household. Henderson’s
_Folklore_.
[61] There was a marvellous hobman once lived near Ripon, but his deeds
some one writing of the West Riding must chronicle.
[62] With slight variation the same story is known in other parts of
the riding, also in Lancashire, and is as old as the hills throughout
Scandinavia.
[63] A similar story is told of Sir Francis Drake.
[64] See Glossary.
[65] ‘Ower,’ _prep._ over.
[66] ‘Ower,’ _adv._ too; ‘ower’ nearly always takes the place of ‘too.’
‘Ower mich,’ ‘ower monny apples,’ ‘ower big a load,’ ‘ower larl,’ ‘ower
au’d,’ &c.
[67] This peculiarity, even amongst many educated Yorkshire people, of
repeating the verb is further illustrated in the concluding remarks at
the end of the Glossary.
[68] Thirsty.
[69] Really the same simile, common where otters fish.
[70] Snails.
[71] The name by which the Grammar School boys were known.
[72] I have heard children innocently repeating, as they counted each
other out:—
Prest an, pop an,
Cock on t’ spire,
Holy Alice,
Dah mell fire.
Did their parents or teachers but know what the youngsters were really
saying, they would be no little shocked.
[73] Staggerum buck, or Staggerer Staggera bobtail, is the name of a
boys’ game, very commonly played. ‘Philson,’ ‘Valson,’ and ‘Dickson’
are examples of the elision of the possessive case, i.e. Phil’s son,
Val’s son, and Dick’s son.
[74] ‘Knave-a’ became general during the War of Independence—we were a
bit out of favour then.
[75] _Vide_ Grimm’s _Household Tales_.
[76] As the children tell the story, they pronounce _crooked_,
‘crook-ed.’
[77] The story in its original form was a prophetic hymn sung by the
Jews at the Passover, the animals and elements representing their
enemies and deliverers.
[78] Henderson’s _Folklore_.
[79] Knotted hair.
[80] Both pronunciations are equally common.
[81] Walk.
[82] Brow.
[83] Purse.
[84] ‘Trigg’d his wame,’ filled his stomach.
[85] ‘Lair,’ a barn.
[86] ‘Streahy,’ strawy.
[87] ‘Seeat,’ soot.
[88] ‘Clais,’ clothes.
[89] E is used in the original.
[90] Horse.
[91] Should be ‘wae’s t’ me,’ lit. ‘woe is to me.’
[92] Riding apparel.
[93] Well dressed.
[94] Designed.
[95] Mind.
[96] Determined.
[97] False.
[98] Scythe.
[99] ‘Window’ is commonly pronounced _winder_, _winner_, and _windther_.
[100] _At_ is often used instead of _who_, _which_, and _that_.
[101] The _th_ and _dh_ sound, found in so many East Riding words, is
not nearly so marked in the speech of the North Riding.
[102] ‘Ya ’evn’t’ and ‘tha ’evn’t’ are not so emphatic as ‘ya’ve nut’
or ‘tha’ve nut,’ &c.
[103] Throughout, save in this example, ‘He’ has been so printed, but
without exception its utterance approaches nearer to that of ‘a’ or
‘eh,’ e.g. ‘‘Ez he ta’en ’t fra tha?’ would certainly appear as if the
speaker had said ’‘Ez _a_ (or _eh_) ta’en ’t fra tha?’ But to save the
reader much needless confusion, _he_ has been retained, though it is
rarely heard save at the commencement of a sentence.
[104] ‘Divn’t’ is quite a common form of ‘do not.’
[105] ‘Uz,’ ‘us,’ is often used for ‘me.’
[106] Written _gi’en_.
[107] ‘On,’ prep. ‘of.’
[108] Rod = red.
[109] The old pronunciations of ‘trashing’ for ‘thrashing,’ ‘trepence’
for ‘threepence,’ ‘trive’ for ‘thrive,’ &c., are frequently heard in
Cleveland.
[110] Along the borders touching the West Riding ‘Blathery’ is in
common use. ‘Bladdry’ it should be.
[111] ‘Come’ is always pronounced ‘cum.’
[112] The same pronunciation is often used in the sense of ‘to lose.’
Ex.—‘Thoo’ll lowse thisel,’ or ‘Thoo’ll loss thisel;’ ‘It’s been a
lowsin’ gaame fra t’ fo’st ti t’ last,’ i.e. ‘It has been a losing
game,’ &c.
[113] In several instances this rule has been broken, but only to give
a correct rendering of the pronunciation as spoken in a particular
district to-day.
[114] The term ‘dialect’ is used throughout this work for want of a
better word, and to avoid tautology. Our folk-speech is not a dialect,
it is a language.
[115] The map issued with the North-Eastern 1_d._ Time-table answers
well for the purpose.
[116] Our dialect word _Fick_, which is the _Fik_ given, has three
distinct meanings: (1) to struggle under some form of restraint; (2) to
strive to obtain; (3) to succeed, to get.
Ex.—1. ‘T’ pig ficked that hard whahl Ah c’u’dn’t git it inti t’
cart,’ 2. ‘He made a poor fick on ’t,’ i.e. he made a feeble attempt.
‘He weean’t mak a fick for ’t,’ he won’t strive to do, obtain, or get.
3. ‘He ficked it at t’ finish,’ he got it in the end.
[117] ‘Roke’ is the common dialectic word for mist or fog. ‘Reek’ is
the North Riding word for smoke. ‘Rog’ is the Danish.
[118] ‘The’ is always used before the name of the Deity, and often in
conversation of a grave and sorrowful nature.
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FIFE, Capt., Langton Hall, Northallerton.
FLINTOFF, C., The Grange, Scorton.
FORBES, C. M., 14 New St., York (2 copies).
FOSTER, MARTIN, Claremont, Norton.
FOWLER, Rev. J. C., Whorlton, Northallerton.
FRY, J., Cleveland Lodge, Great Ayton.
G.
GADDESDEN, Mrs., Hunmanby Hall, East Yorkshire (2 copies).
GALLIMORE, J. S., Escrick, York.
GAUSSEN, Rev., The Vicarage, Malton.
GILPIN BROWN, Mrs., Sedbury Park, Richmond, Yorkshire
(6 copies).
GISBORNE FAWCETT, T., Yarm (2 copies).
GRAVELY, A. C., Hutton Grange, Guisborough.
GRAY, The Right Hon. Lady Mayoress, York (2 copies).
GREENBANK, THOS., Bank of Liverpool, Sedbergh.
GREENWOOD, Capt., Swartcliff Hall, Leeds.
GREGSON, B. P., The Hall, Caton, Lancaster (2 copies).
H.
HALES, Rev., Aysgarth School, Jervaulx (2 copies).
HAMILTON RUSSELL, The Hon. CONSTANCE, Brancepeth Castle.
HARRISON, W., North Road, Ripon.
HARTLEY, Mrs., The Rectory, Burneston.
HAWKE, The Right Hon. Lady, Wighill Park, Tadcaster.
HAWKINS, C., Sowerby, Thirsk.
HEAD, Mrs. J., Hartburn Hall (2 copies).
HEAVISIDES, J., Stockton-on-Tees.
HEDLAM, Rev. A. W., Gainford (2 copies).
HEPPENSTALL, Rev. F. W., East Layton (2 copies).
HESLOP, R. O., 12 Arkenside Hill, Newcastle.
HILL, Miss, Romanby.
HILL, J., Newport, Middlesborough.
HINCKS, Capt. J. C., Terrace House, Richmond (2 copies).
HORSFALL, E. F. WILSON, Potto Grange (2 copies).
HOWARD, Rev. R. G., Hovingham.
HUDDART, Rev. G., Kirklington.
HULTON, ——, Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster.
HUTTON DARCY, Miss E., Aldborough Hall, Masham.
HULL, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of.
HUNTER, Rev. C., Seaton Carew.
HUNTER, Rev. F. W., Wath.
I.
INGLEBY, Sir H., Bart., Ripley Castle.
IRWIN, Rev. J., Hurworth.
IRVIN, Major, Ragworth, Norton.
J.
JAMES, Rev. F. G., The Rectory, Marske.
JEFFERSON, J., Dunnington Priory, York.
JOHNSON, Dr., Dallas Road, Lancaster.
JOHNSTONE, The Hon. Miss, Hackness Hall (8 copies).
JOHNSTONE, The Rev., Hackness Hall.
JONES, ED., Manor House, Scorton.
K.
KEARSLEY, Col. G., Prospect House, Ripon.
KENNEDY, Mrs., Wetherby.
KING, F. E., Edgley, Leyburn.
KIRK, W., Norton.
KITCHIN, A. E., The Firs, Great Ayton.
KITCHIN, H., The Grange, Great Ayton (2 copies).
KNIGHT, Rev. J. G. P., Eastgate, Darlington.
L.
LANGLEY, W. C., J.P., Stockton-on-Tees.
LASCELLES, The Hon. G. E., Sion Hill, Thirsk (2 copies).
LEADMAN, Dr. ALEX. D. H., Pocklington.
LEE, J. B., The Worshipful the Mayor, Ripon.
LEGARD, J. H., Welham, Malton.
LESLEY, Mrs. A., The Hall, Little Habton.
LEVETT, Rev. T. P., Richmond, Yorkshire.
LOCKWOOD, P. H., Sedbergh.
LODGE, Col., The Rookeries, Bishopdale.
LONDESBOROUGH, The Right Hon. Lord, Londesborough Park.
LONGBOTHAM, Dr. G. F., Birtley.
LOVEJOY, Rev. H. T., Hamsterley, Bishop Auckland.
M.
MACCARTIE, Rev. J., Wilton.
MASON, O. MATTHEWS, The Hall, Crayke.
MATTHEWS, F. W., The Bank, Leyburn.
MAULE-COLE, Rev. E., Wetwang.
MAYNARD, A. C. HUTTON, Pickhill House, Pickhill (2 copies).
M^CCRIRICK, Rev. T. W., Stockton-on-Tees.
M^CKAY, W., Haldthorpe House, Scarborough.
MELROSE, J., Clifton Croft, York.
METCALFE, R. M. D., Leyburn.
MICKLE, Dr. G., Kirklington (2 copies).
MIDDLETON, Lady, The Right Hon. JULIA, Setterington House (4 copies).
MILNER, Mrs., The Mount, York (2 copies).
MITCHELL, Rev. A. P., The Rectory, Brotton (2 copies).
MITTAN, Rev. H., Sherburn House, Durham.
MOORSOM, M. MAUDE, Harewood, Leeds.
MORGAN, Rev. F. H., The Rectory, Guisborough.
MORRIS, Rev. M. C. F., The Rectory, Nunburnholme.
N.
NELSON, Alderman THOS., J.P., Newstadt, Norton.
O.
ORD, CHAS., Guisborough.
ORNSBY, J. A., 5 North Bailey, Durham.
ORTON, Mrs. E. S., Westgate, Guisborough.
OXFORD, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of.
P.
PAGE, J. W., J.P., Norton, Stockton-on-Tees (2 copies).
PEARSON, H., Whitby.
PEASE, A. E., M.P., Pinchingthorpe Hall (2 copies).
PEASE, Mrs. G., Woodside, Darlington.
PEASE, HOWARD, Arcott Hall, Dudley, Northumberland.
PEASE, Sir JOSEPH W., Bart., M.P., Hutton Hall (2 copies).
PEASE, PIKE, Undercliff, Great Ayton.
PECKSTONE, J., Stockton-on-Tees.
PEEL, The Right Hon. Lady, Potterton Hall, Barnoldswick.
PEGLER, T. B., Sholebrook Avenue, Leeds.
PEIRSON, Rev. W. B., Rothwell, Leeds.
PLATNAUER, H. M., St. Olive’s Road, York (2 copies).
PLEWS, W. J., Southend End, Northallerton.
POLLEXFEN, Rev. H., Stanwick, Darlington.
PORTER, CHAS., Mill Vale, Great Ayton.
PRINCE, E., Woodhouse Moor, Leeds (2 copies).
PROUD, J., The Hall, East Layton.
PURVIS, R., 6 Westoe Crescent, South Shields.
R.
RAW, Rev. G., 250 Hawthorne Road, Bootle.
REYNARD, Capt., Camp Hill, Bedale.
RICHARDSON, W., Guisborough.
RICHMOND, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of (4 copies).
RIDDELL, E. C., J.P., The Hall, Leyburn.
RIDDELL, Sir J., Bart., The Hall, Hepple, Rothbury.
RIPLEY, Rev. THOS., Kirklington.
RIPON, The Most Noble the Marchioness of.
RIPON, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of.
RIPON, The Very Rev. the Dean of (2 copies).
ROBINSON, F. J. H., Easingwold.
ROBINSON, Rev. STEWART, The Rectory, Richmond, Yorkshire.
ROBINSON, Rev. W., The Rectory, Tadcaster.
ROPNER, G., J.P., The Grove, Richmond, Yorkshire.
ROPNER, Col. R., J.P., Preston Hall, Egglescliffe.
ROWCLIFFE, H. S., Guisborough.
ROWSELL, Rev. Canon, Topcliffe.
RUDD, A. G., The Worshipful the Mayor, Stockton-on-Tees.
S.
SALMAN, Rev. J. S., The Vicarage, Lastingham.
SCOTT, Rev. ERRINGTON, The Vicarage, Norton.
SEDGWICK, Miss, The Hall, Sedbergh.
SHAND, Dr., Fountain Street, Guisborough.
SHARP, F. J., Skelton, near Boroughbridge.
SHEFFIELD, The Right Hon. Lady, Yeadon Manor, Henley-on-Thames
(2 copies).
SISSONS, D. W., North Ferriby, Brough.
SISSONS, W., Nunthorpe, Jesmond Park.
SLINGSBY, W., Red House, Moor Monkton, York.
SMITH ALDERSON, G. A., J.P., D.L., Scarborough.
SMITH, E. J., The Bank, Bridlington (4 copies).
SMITH, T. RUDOLPH, 25 Bridge Road, Stockton-on-Tees.
SOMERSON, J., Pocklington.
SPRENT, Dr. W. S., Slingsby.
STANBRIDGE, T., The Hall, Harlsey.
STANNYFORTH, Capt. E., J.P., The Hall, Kirkhammerton.
STARKIE, Miss S., Scarthwaite, Lancashire.
STAVELEY, Miss, Old Slenningford Hall, Ripon.
STIRLING-NEWALL, Mrs., The Hall, Birtley, Durham.
STOBART, ——, The Hall, Spellow Hill (2 copies).
STOBART, Col. W., Pepper Arden.
STOREY, Sir THOS., D.L., Lancaster (2 copies).
ST. QUINTIN, W. H., J.P., Scampston Hall (2 copies).
STRICKLAND, Sir C., Bart., Boynton Hall (2 copies).
STRICKLAND CONSTABLE, Mrs., The Hall, Wassand (2 copies).
SUDLOW, THOS., Stockton-on-Tees.
T.
TATTERSAL, O., Green Royd, Ripon (2 copies).
TAYLOR, J., Brotton Grange, Brotton.
TEMPLE, Miss M., Saltergill, Yarm.
TETTLEY, A., The Right Hon. Lady Mayoress, Leeds (2 copies).
THOMSON, J. S., New Buildings, Thirsk (2 copies).
TINDAL, Miss, Kirby Misperton Hall, Pickering.
TOMLINSON, Miss, Heysham House, Lancaster.
TOMLINSON, Rev. W., Vicarage, North Cave.
TREVOR, W. C., Overbeck, Guisborough.
V.
VIE, E. J., Paradise Row, Stockton-on-Tees (2 copies).
W.
WADE, E. W., 5 Clyde Terrace, Hull.
WADE-DALTON, Col. HAMLET COOTE, C.B., Hawxwell Hall.
WAKEFIELD, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of.
WALDY, Rev. A. G., Horsley Vicarage, Derby.
WALKER, Capt. GERALD, Hill House, Richmond, Yorkshire.
WALKER, Sir J., Bart., 41 Belgrave Square, S.W.
WARD, Rev. H., The Rectory, Amotherby.
WATSON, FRED. BYERS, Stockton-on-Tees.
WATSON, THOMAS, M.D., Argyle House, Stockton-on-Tees (2
copies).
WEST, Mrs., Stoneybrough, Thirsk.
WHITE, Col. W. A., J.P., Clifton Green, York.
WILLAN, Rev. A., The Vicarage, Copmanthorpe.
WILLIAMSON, T., J.P., Fairfield, Ripon.
WILSON, Miss A., Hutton House, Hutton Rudby.
WILSON, Mrs. A., Rockhurst, York (2 copies).
WILSON, I., Nunthorpe Hall.
WILSON, Rev. J. ALDER, Craythorne Rectory, Yarm.
WILSON, J. G., 12 South Bailey, Durham (2 copies).
WILSON, P., Bedale.
WILTON, R., The Rev. Canon, Londesborough.
WIMBUSH, Rev. S., The Rectory, Terrington.
WITHINGTON, Rev. R., Rectory, Great Ayton.
WOOD, F. MAURICE DALE, Swainby, Northallerton.
WOOD, Rev. F., The Rectory, Nunthorpe.
WRIGHT, Professor J., M.A., Langdale House, Oxford (2 copies).
WYNDHAM, Mrs., 31 Cambridge Street, Hyde Park, S.W.
WYNNE FINCH, Mrs., Manor House, Stokesley.
Y.
YEOMAN, Miss C., Prior House, Richmond, Yorkshire.
YORK, His Grace the Archbishop of.
Z.
ZETLAND, The Right Hon. Lord, Aske Hall, Richmond, Yorkshire.