=Abolitionists=, 308-310, 318.
=Achilles=, 453, 456.
=Adams, John=, 131;
sent to First Continental Congress, 172;
at Second Continental Congress made Washington general of American troops, 131, 177;
appointed to help draw up Declaration of Independence, 232;
death, 238.
=Adams, Samuel=, 167-178;
portrait of, 167;
early turns to politics, 167;
leads movement against Stamp Act, 168;
forms "Sons of Liberty Society," 168;
opposes Tea Tax, 169;
writes Circular Letter, 169;
drives British out of Boston, 169;
and the Boston Tea Party, 129, 170, 171;
sends Paul Revere on his ride, 172;
goes to the First Continental Congress, 172;
forms companies of minutemen, 174;
goes to the Second Continental Congress, 177;
works for Declaration of Independence, 177;
made governor of Massachusetts, 178;
death, 178.
=Addams, Jane=, 412-413;
becomes interested in social service, 412;
portrait of, 412;
founds Hull House Social Settlement, 413.
="Agamemnon," The=, 270.
=Agricultural development=, 374-376.
=Agriculture=, 416-421;
machinery used for, 418-419.
=Airplane=, 390-393;
uses of, 393, 397.
=Alamo=, capture of the, 279-281.
=Albany=, Fort Orange becomes, 90.
=Alexander the Great=, 455, 463, 469.
=Alfred the Great=, 484-488;
early life, 484-485;
king of Wessex, 485;
drives Danes back, 485;
begins to build fleet, 485-486;
re-makes the laws, 486;
advances learning, 486-487;
translations by, 487;
death, 488.
=Algonquin Indians=, 49-52.
="Alliance," The=, 200-201.
=Alsace-Lorraine=, 442.
=Altamaha River=, colony on, 101-102.
=American Committee for the Relief of Belgium=, 431.
=American Red Cross Society=, 410-412.
=American River=, 289, 372.
=Amerigo Vespucci=, _see_ Vespucci, Amerigo.
=Anderson, Colonel=, 323.
=Anglo-Saxon tribes=, 478-479, 488.
=Annapolis=, founded, 70.
=Anthony, Susan B.=, 403-404;
portrait of, 403;
early life of, 403;
works for cause of woman's rights, 403-404;
death, 404.
=Anthracite=, 421-422.
=Antietam=, battle of, 338.
=Anti-saloon crusade=, 408.
=Appomattox Court House=, Lee's surrender at, 336.
=Argonne, battle of=, 441.
=Aristotle=, 454-455, 456.
="Ark," The=, 69.
=Armada=, _see_ Spanish Armada.
=Arthur, President=, 346-347;
portrait of, 347.
=Ashland=, Clay's home, 295, 298.
=Athens=, 456, 457-460;
assembly of, 458;
orators of, 458-459;
schools of, 459;
training for citizenship in, 459-460;
in the "Age of Pericles," 460-461.
=Atlantic cable=, 268-271.
=Augusta=, settled, 102.
=Automobile=, 388-390.
=Babylonians=, 448-449.
=Ball, Mary=, mother of Washington, 115, 116.
=Baltimore=, colony of, 70.
=Baltimore, Lord=, _see_ Calvert, George _and_ Cecil.
=Baltimore and Ohio Railroad=, started, 263.
=Barlow, Captain=, 44.
=Barry, John=, 199-201;
early life of, 199;
portrait of, 199;
captain of the _Lexington_, 199;
on the Delaware, 199-200;
commands the _Alliance_, 200, 201;
first commodore of American navy, 201;
death, 201.
=Barton, Clara=, 409-412;
early life of, 409-410;
portrait of, 410;
goes to the battlefield, 410-411;
and the American Red Cross, 410-412;
goes to Armenia, 411;
in the Spanish-American War, 411.
"=Battle Hymn of the Republic=," 405, 406.
=Baxter=, 265.
=Belgium=, invasion of, 426-427;
American Committee for the Relief of, 431;
and the German Peace Treaty, 442.
=Bell, Alexander Graham=, invents telephone, 268.
=Benton=, Jessie, 285.
=Benton, Thomas H.=, 249, 253, 285.
"=Bill of Rights=," 493.
=Biplane=, 393.
=Birmingham, Alabama=, great coal and iron center, 423.
=Blackbeard the Pirate=, 72.
=Black Hawk War=, 317.
=Blockade of southern ports=, 324.
="Bon Homme Richard," The=, 197, 198.
=Boone, Daniel=, 202-210;
early life of, 202-203;
crosses mountains, 203;
and the Indians, 204-209;
blazes famous "Wilderness Road," 205;
builds Fort Boonesboro, 206;
goes to Kentucky, 206;
at siege of Boonesboro, 208-209;
portrait of, 209;
moves to Missouri, 210;
death, 210.
=Boonesboro, Fort=, 206, 207, 208, 217.
=Booth, John Wilkes=, 327.
=Boston=, settled, 82;
British soldiers in, 129, 169, 172.
=Boston Port Bill=, 129, 172.
"=Boston Tea Party=," 162-163, 170-172.
=Boulton, Matthew=, inventor, 259.
=Bowie, Colonel=, 279.
=Braddock, General=, 123-124.
=Bradford, William=, 73, 76, 79, 81.
=Brandywine=, battle of the, 137.
=Breckenridge, John=, 322.
=Brewster, William=, 73.
=Bridgewater, Duke of=, 258.
=Britons=, 472, 478.
=Buchanan, President=, 270.
=Buckner, General=, 333.
=Buffalo=, herds of, 24.
=Bunker Hill=, battle of, 132, 176-177.
=Burgesses, House of=, 127, 159, 162, 167, 230, 231.
=Burgoyne, General=, 217;
compliments Morgan, 186.
=Burke, Edmund=, 162, 233.
=Bushnell, ----=, work on submarine, 394.
=Cabot, John=, 34-37;
born in Genoa, 34;
voyages of, 34-36;
statue of, 35;
seeks India and discovers Labrador, 35;
honored by king and people on return to England, 35, 36;
on second voyage, 36;
England claims large part of North America through discoveries of, 37.
=Caesar, Julius=, 471-473.
=Cahokia=, 220, 223.
=Calhoun, John C.=, 252, 297, 306-311;
early life of, 306;
portrait of, 307;
works hard for success of army in War of 1812, 307;
made Secretary of War, 307;
twice elected Vice-President, 307;
favors nullification, 308;
opposes Abolitionists, 308-309;
annexes Texas, 310;
opposes Compromise of 1850, 310;
death, 311.
=California=, conquest of, 288-289;
missionaries in, 291-292;
sends greatest number of volunteers to Spanish-American War, 356;
admitted as a state, 373;
an agricultural state, 375.
=Calvert, Cecil=, 69-70;
and the Indians, 69;
locates village of St. Marys, 69.
=Calvert, George=, 69;
prepares to found a colony for Catholics and Protestants, 69;
colony named after, 70.
=Camden=, battle of, 182.
=Campbell, Colonel=, 213, 214.
=Canada=, French in, 49-53, 106-114, 121.
=Cannae=, battle of, 468.
=Cape Breton Island=, 35.
=Cape of Good Hope=, rounded by Drake, 39.
=Carpenter's Hall=, 163, 173.
=Carroll, Charles=, 263.
=Carson, Kit=, 285, 286, 288.
=Cartier, Jacques=, takes possession of Montreal for France, 49.
=Carthage=, 467-469.
=Carver, John=, first Pilgrim governor, 73, 75, 78.
=Catholics=, 68, 69.
=Catiline=, 475.
=Cattle raising=, 419-421.
=Cavaliers=, settle in Virginia, 69.
=Cervera, Admiral=, 357.
=Chalons=, battle of, 477.
=Champlain, Lake=, discovered, 50.
=Champlain, Samuel de=, 49-53;
portrait of, 49;
founds Quebec, 49;
and Indians, 49-52;
discovers Lake Champlain, 50;
death, 53.
=Chancellorsville=, battle of, 338.
=Charlemagne=, 479-482;
grandson of Charles Martel, 479-480;
appearance, 480;
and the School of the Palace, 481;
crowned Emperor of Rome, 481;
methods of governing, 482;
fall of empire, 482.
=Charles I=, friend of Lord Baltimore, 69;
gives charter to Puritan colony, 81.
=Charles II=, and William Penn, 94;
gives Pennsylvania to Penn, 96.
=Charles Martel=, 479-480.
=Charles the Great=, _see_ Charlemagne.
=Charleston=, 101-102, 104;
surrenders to Cornwallis, 182.
=Charleston earthquake=, Red Cross Society relieves suffering caused by the, 411.
=Charleston Harbor=, 323.
=Château-Thierry=, battle of, 439.
=Cherokee Indians=, 104, 211, 277, 278.
=Chickamauga=, 335.
=Christianity=, rise of, 475;
becomes widespread, 478-479.
=Cicero=, 475.
=Cimon=, 461.
=Cincinnatus=, 465.
=Circular Letter=, Adams', 168-169, 173.
=Cities=, development of, in West, 376.
=Civil War=, 323-327, 337-341;
woman's part in the, 400-401, 404;
Clara Barton's part in the, 410.
=Clark, Captain William=, 239-244;
and Lewis sent to explore Louisiana Purchase, 239;
and Lewis and the Indians, 239-243;
portrait of, 240;
and Lewis cross Rocky Mountains, 240, 241;
with Lewis reaches Columbia River, 241;
with Lewis reaches the Pacific, 242;
and Lewis return to St. Louis, 242;
rewarded by Congress, 242;
appointed governor of Missouri Territory, 243.
=Clark, George Rogers=, 216-224, 236;
in Virginia, 216;
portrait of, 217;
becomes a leader in Kentucky, 217;
at Harrodsburg, 217;
receives aid from Patrick Henry to raise army, 218;
at old Vincennes, 218-224;
at Louisville, 218;
surprises Kaskaskia, 218-219;
builds the _Willing_, 220;
marches on Vincennes, 220-222;
retakes Vincennes, 223;
unrewarded, 224;
result of his work, 224;
death, 224.
"=Clark's Grant=," 224.
=Clay, Henry=, 294-300;
"mill boy of the Slashes," 294;
studies law, 295;
goes to Lexington, 295;
sent to United States Senate, 295;
speaker of House of Representatives, 296;
urges war in 1812, 296;
and the Treaty of Ghent, 296;
and the Missouri Compromise, 296;
and his Compromise Tariff Law, 297;
the "Pacificator," 297;
portrait of, 297;
retires to Ashland, 298;
and the Compromise of 1850, 298-299;
receives ovation from the people, 299;
death, 300.
="Clermont," The=, first successful steamboat, 259-260.
=Clovis=, 479.
=Coal=, 421-422.
=Cold Harbor=, battle of, 336, 349.
=Cold storage of meat=, 421.
=Colorado, Grand Cañon of the=, 24.
="Columbia," The=, 238.
=Columbia River=, discovered by Captain Gray, 238;
Lewis and Clark embark on, 242;
Fremont on, 286.
=Columbus, Christopher=, 2-16, 18, 31;
boyhood of, 2, 3;
goes to Lisbon, 4;
plans new route to India, 5;
unfairly treated by King of Portugal, 5;
seeks aid of Spain, 6;
begs bread for his son at monastery, 7;
portrait of, 8;
first voyage of, 9-13;
discovers the New World, 11;
names the natives Indians, 12;
honored on return to Spain, 13, 14, 15;
last voyages of, 15, 16;
death, 16;
effect in England of discoveries of, 34.
=Committees of Correspondence=, 232.
=Compromise of 1850=, 298, 300, 305, 310.
=Compromise Tariff Law=, 297.
=Concord=, battle of, 130, 175.
=Confederate States of America=, formed, 323;
capital of, 326;
war between Union and, 323-327.
=Congress=, 130, 134, 138, 141, 154, 155, 163, 232, 233;
First Continental, 172-174;
Second Continental, 177;
disputes in, 235;
Clay in, 296-300;
Webster in, 302;
Calhoun in, 306-307.
=Constantine=, Emperor of Rome, 475.
=Constitution of the United States=, 143, 144, 156, 157, 166, 493.
=Cooper, Peter=, 269.
=Corn-fed cattle=, 419-420.
=Corn Island=, 218;
Clark dies on, 224.
=Cornwallis, Lord=, 136, 137, 213;
Washington outwits, 139-140;
surrenders at Yorktown, 140;
gains victories, 182, 183;
Green turns tide against, 185;
pursues Morgan, 188;
at Guilford Court House, 189;
caught at Yorktown, 180;
orders Tarleton to catch Marion, 191.
=Coronado, Francisco=, 24;
searches for rich cities, 24;
discovers Grand Cañon of the Colorado, 24;
finds buffalo, 24;
returns home, 24.
=Cortés, Hernando=, 18-22, 23, 28, 37;
invades Mexico, 18;
sinks his ships, 18;
armor of, 19;
attacks the Indians, 20;
takes Mexican capital, 19, 20;
puts Montezuma to death, 21;
conquers Mexico, 21;
visits Spain, 21;
portrait of, 21;
shares Columbus' fate, 22.
=Cotton=, 227, 228;
fields and factories, 420-421.
=Cotton gin=, invention of, 227-228;
present-day machine built along lines of Whitney's, 416.
=Cotton-seed oil=, 417.
=Cowpens=, battle of the, 186, 188.
"=Cradle of Liberty=," 169.
=Creek Indians=, 104, 249.
=Crèvecœur=, Fort, 111.
"=Croatoan=," 46.
=Crockett, David=, 279, 282-283;
boyhood of, 282;
enlisted under Jackson, 282;
elected to Congress, 282;
fights for Texas at the Alamo, 282-283;
death, 283.
=Cuba=, discovered by Columbus, 13;
Spanish persecution in, 354-355;
United States at war with Spain in behalf of, 354-358;
made a republic, 358.
=Custis, Martha=, 126.
=Cuzco=, where Pizarro found fabulous riches, 23.
=Da Gama, Vasco=, rounds Africa, 28.
=Danes=, 484, 485, 486.
=Dare, Virginia=, first white child of English parents born in America, 45.
=Darius=, 461.
=Daughters of Liberty=, 400.
=Davis, Jefferson=, president of the Confederacy, 326, 336.
=Declaration of Independence=, Franklin appointed to help write, 155, 156;
made, 177, 178;
Samuel Adams worked hard for, 177;
Jefferson author of, 229, 232.
"=Declaration of Sentiments=," 402.
=Democratic party=, 322, 348, 351.
=Democratic-Republican party=, formed by Thomas Jefferson, 235.
=Depth bomb=, 397.
=De Soto, Hernando=, 24-28;
makes an expedition to Florida, 24-26;
welcomed at Cuba, 24;
portrait of, 25;
cruel to natives, 25;
fights way northward and inland, 25;
discovers Mississippi, 26-27;
marches far northward and westward, 27;
returns to the Mississippi and dies, 27.
="Deutschland," The=, 397.
=Dewey, Admiral George=, 355;
portrait of, 355.
=Dictaphone=, 387-388.
=Diego=, son of Columbus, 6, 7.
=Dinwiddie, Governor=, 121.
=Dirigibles=, 391, 394.
"=Dogwood Papers=," 148.
=Dorchester Heights=, 133.
=Douglas, Stephen A.=, debates with Lincoln, 319-322;
nominated by northern Democrats, 322.
="Dove," The=, 69.
=Drake, Sir Francis=, 37-42;
ruined by Spaniards, 37;
portrait of, 38;
returns to England with Spanish gold, 38;
on voyage around the world, 38-40;
captures Spanish treasure ships in Pacific, 39, 41, 43;
given title by Queen Elizabeth, 40;
takes command of fleet to fight Spain, 40;
destroys Spanish towns in Cuba, 41;
burns Spanish ships, 41;
and the Spanish Armada, 42;
takes Raleigh's colony home, 45.
="Drake," The=, 196.
=Duquesne, Fort=, 122;
captured, 126.
=Duryea, Charles=, 389.
=Dutch=, explorations of the, 54-59;
establish trading posts, 56;
Indians and the, 56-57;
fur traders, 57-58;
settle New Netherland, 58-59;
governed by Stuyvesant, 88-90;
surrender to the English, 90-91;
manners and customs of the, 91-92.
=Dutch traders=, 56-59.
=Dutch West India Company=, 88.
"=Ebenezer=," German colony in Georgia,
102.
=Edison, Thomas A.=, 380-385, 387;
boyhood of, 380-381;
experiments in telegraphy, 381;
receives $40,000 for his inventions, 382;
portrait of, 382;
builds his first laboratory in Newark, 383;
builds a second laboratory at Menlo Park, 383;
invents microphone, megaphone, and phonograph, 383-384;
develops the electric light, 384-385;
and moving pictures, 385;
and the dictaphone, 387.
="Edward," The=, 199.
="Effingham," The=, 199.
=Egypt=, 446-448, 450;
and the Nile, 446-447;
irrigation in, 447;
and its kings, 447;
civilization in, 447-448;
Phoenicians spread learning of, 450.
=El Caney=, capture of, 356-357.
=Electricity=, Edison the wizard of, 383-385.
=Electric light=, developed by Edison, 384-385.
=Eliot, John=, preaches to the Indians, 83-84.
=Elizabeth, Queen of England=, knights Drake, 40;
favors Raleigh, 43, 44;
names colony of Virginia, 44.
=Emancipation Proclamation=, 326.
=England=, explorations made by, 34-47;
claims large part of North America, 37;
quarrel between Spain and, 37-42;
first permanent settlement in America by, 60-61.
=Ericson, Leif=, 1, 484.
=Ericson, Thorvald=, 1-2.
=Eric the Red=, 1.
=Erie, Lake=, battle of, 244-245.
=Erie Canal=, 262.
=Euphrates River=, 448.
=Eutaw Springs=, battle of, 189.
=Evans, Oliver=, 388.
=Fairfax, Lord=, 119, 122, 128;
friend of Washington, 120;
builds Greenway Court, 120;
makes Washington public surveyor, 120;
returns to England, 142.
=Fair Oaks=, battle of, 338.
=Faneuil Hall=, 169.
=Fannin, General=, 280.
=Farming=, _see_ Agriculture.
=Farragut, Captain David=, 325.
"=Father of Waters=," 112.
=Federalist party=, 235.
=Ferdinand and Isabella=, 6, 15.
=Ferguson, Colonel=, 213;
defeated at Kings Mountain, 213-214.
=Field, Cyrus W.=, 268-272;
early success of, 269;
becomes interested in telegraph lines, 269;
conceives idea of connecting Europe and America, 269;
aided by Peter Cooper and other wealthy men, 269;
success of invention of, 270;
portrait of, 270;
receives honors from many nations, 271;
death, 272.
=Fillmore, President=, 305.
=Fitch, John=, 257.
=Five Nations=, _see_ Iroquois.
=Fletcher, Grace=, 302.
=Florida=, De Leon takes possession of, 17;
De Soto's expedition to, 24-26.
=Flour mills=, 418.
=Foch, Ferdinand=, 437, 438, 439.
=Foote, Commodore=, 333.
=Forbes, General=, 126.
=Forts=, _see under_ names of forts.
=France=, aids Americans, 139;
discoverers and explorers of, 49-53;
missionaries of, 53, 106-114.
=Franciscan friars=, 300-302.
=Franklin, Benjamin=, 124, 147-157;
early life of, 147-151;
portrait of, 148;
in London, 150;
editor of _Pennsylvania Gazette_ in Philadelphia, 151;
founds three great institutions, 151;
invents stove, 151;
forms first fire department in America, 151;
author of _Poor Richard's Almanac_, 151-152;
clerk of Pennsylvania Assembly, 152;
postmaster-general, 152;
plans union of colonies, 153;
becomes famed as scientist, 153;
experiments with electricity, 153;
sent to England to defend colonies, 154;
appointed to help write Declaration of Independence, 155, 232;
secures French aid for America, 155;
helps make treaty of peace, 155;
helps make and signs Constitution, 156, 157;
death, 157.
=Franks=, 479.
=Fraunces' Tavern=, 140.
=Frederica=, 103.
=Fredericksburg=, battle of, 346.
=Fremont, John C.=, 283-290;
early life of, 284;
goes to South America, 284;
becomes a civil engineer, 284;
loves the wild life, 284;
portrait of, 285;
marries Jessie Benton, 285;
receives permission to explore South Pass, 285;
unfurls Stars and Stripes from summit of Fremonts Peak, 285;
seeks a more southerly route to Oregon and California, 285;
reaches Great Salt Lake, 286;
goes to Fort Vancouver, 286;
makes a circuit of the Great Basin and crosses mountains to California, 287;
third expedition of, 288;
in Mexican War, 288-289;
elected to United States Senate, 289;
fifth expedition of, 289;
first Republican candidate for president, 289;
major general in Civil War, 290;
governor of Arizona, 290;
death, 290.
=Fremonts Peak=, 285.
=French=, in North America, 49-53, 106-113.
=French allies=, in Revolutionary War, 139.
=French and Indian War=, 114, 121, 126, 130.
=French in Canada=, 121.
=Friends=, _see_ Quakers.
="Friendship," The=, 194.
=Frontenac, Count=, sends Joliet and Marquette to find Mississippi, 53;
sends La Salle and Hennepin, 106;
"children of," 111.
=Frontenac, Fort=, 106, 107, 111.
=Fruit growing=, 375.
=Fugitive Slave Law=, 407.
=Fulton, Robert=, 257-264, 395;
portrait of, 258;
starts life as portrait painter, 258;
meets James Watt, 258;
becomes interested in driving power of steam, 258;
makes trial steamboat in France, 258;
builds the _Clermont_, 259;
wonderful success of invention of, 260, 261;
death, 261;
and the invention of the submarine, 395.
=Fur traders=, 56-58 106-107, 243-244.
=Gadsden, Christopher=, 173.
=Gage, General=, 130, 131, 183.
=Galena=, 332.
=Galveston flood=, Red Cross relieves suffering caused by the, 411.
=Gama, Vasco da=, _see_ Da Gama, Vasco.
=Garfield, James J.=, 345-347;
portrait of, 345.
=Gates, General=, 182.
=Gauls=, 466, 472, 475.
=George II=, grants charter to Oglethorpe, 101.
=George III=, 135, 136, 141, 158, 159, 173.
=Georgia=, founded, 101-103;
planters of, 103-104.
=Germanic tribes=, 476, 477, 478, 479, 481.
=Germany=, one of the Central Powers, 426;
protests against United States trading with Allies, 427;
lawless submarine policy of, 428, 430-431;
America enters the war against, 431;
makes last great attack, 437;
defeated on all fronts, 441;
accepts armistice, 442;
treaty of peace with, 442-443.
=Gettysburg=, battle of, 335, 338.
=Ghent=, _see_ Treaty of.
=Gibault=, Father, 220, 221.
=Gilbert, Sir Humphrey=, 43.
=Gist, Christopher=, 122.
=Goethals, George Washington=, 376-378;
portrait of, 376;
early life of, 377;
in Spanish-American War, 377;
in charge of construction of Panama Canal, 377-378;
appointed governor of Canal Zone, 377.
=Gold=, discovery and mining of, 289, 372-373, 375.
="Golden Hind," The=, Drake's ship, 38, 39, 40.
=Gold Fleet, Spanish=, 41.
=Goliad=, massacre at, 280.
=Gooch, Daniel=, 271.
="Good Man Richard," The=, 197-198.
=Gore, Christopher=, 311.
=Gracchi, the=, 470.
=Grain=, 417-419;
elevators for 418.
=Grant, Ulysses S.=, 325, 327, 331-337;
early life of, 331-332;
in Mexican War, 332;
promoted in the army, 333;
at Forts Henry and Donelson, 333;
portrait of, 333;
at Vicksburg, 334;
at Gettysburg, 335;
made commander of the Union armies, 336;
in the "Wilderness," 336;
Lee surrenders to, 336;
elected president, 337;
death, 337.
=Gray, Captain Robert=, the first to carry the Stars and Stripes around the world, 238;
discovers the Columbia River, 238.
=Gray, ----=, invents telephone, 268.
=Great Basin=, Fremont explores the, 287-288.
=Great Charter=, struggle for the, 490-493.
=Great Salt Lake=, 286.
=Greater Greece=, 451-452.
=Greece=, 450-463;
geography of, 450-451;
legendary heroes of, 452-453;
philosophers of, 453-455;
wins admiration of Philip of Macedon, 455;
government of, 456-460;
civilization of, 458-460;
in "Age of Pericles," 460-461;
defeats Persian kings, 461-463;
Alexander's conquests spread civilization of, 463.
=Green Bay=, 108.
=Greene, Mrs.=, 227-228.
=Greene, Nathanael=, 182-185, 188, 189, 190, 191;
portrait of, 182;
given command of army in South, 182;
goes to Boston and meets Washington, 184;
made one of Washington's generals, 184;
divides army, 184;
on great march, 188;
at Guilford Court House, 189;
drives British into Charleston, 189;
honored by his country, 189;
praises General Marion, 191.
=Greenland=, discovered by Northmen, 1, 484.
=Greenway Court=, 120-121, 125.
=Grenville, Sir Richard=, 44.
="Griffin," The=, 108-109.
=Guam=, annexed by United States, 359.
=Guatemotzin=, statue of, 20.
=Guilds=, 446.
=Guilford Court House=, battle of, 189.
=Hale, Nathan=, 134, 179-182;
in college, 179;
statue of, 180;
joins Washington, 180;
captures British man-of-war, 180;
passes safely through British lines, 181;
captured, 181;
death, 181.
="Half Moon," The=, 54, 55.
=Hamilton, Alexander=, 235.
=Hamilton, General=, 220, 222.
=Hancock, John=, 177, 233.
=Hanks, John=, 315, 316, 321.
=Hannibal=, 467-469.
=Harlem Heights=, 134.
=Harrison, Benjamin=, 142, 232, 349, 351.
=Harrison, William Henry=, 304, 319.
=Harrodsburg=, 217.
=Harvard Elm=, 132.
=Harvesting machines=, 418.
=Hastings=, battle of, 489.
=Hawaiian Islands=, annexed by United States, 356.
=Hawkins, Captain=, 37.
=Hayes, Lucy Webb=, 344.
=Hayes, Rutherford B.=, 342-344;
portrait of, 343.
=Hayne, Senator=, 303.
"=Hearts Content=," 271.
=Helen of Troy=, 452-453.
=Helm, Captain=, 220.
=Henderson, Richard=, 205.
=Hennepin=, a missionary, 106, 107, 110, 111.
=Henry, Patrick=, 129-130, 153, 158-167, 217, 230, 234;
portrait of, 158;
opposes Stamp Act, 159;
birth and parentage of, 160;
early failures of, 160;
orator of the Revolution, 160-167;
succeeds as a lawyer, 161;
first great speech of, 161;
elected to House of Burgesses, 161-162;
speaks against Stamp Act, 162;
sent to Continental Congress, 163;
offers resolutions for arming Virginia, 164;
defends his resolutions in great speech, 164-165;
in forefront of struggle with England, 166;
statue of, 166;
aids George Rogers Clark in raising an army, 217-218;
death, 166.
=Henry=, Prince of Portugal, 3.
=Henry II=, 490-491.
=Henry VII=, 35, 37.
=Henry VIII=, 37.
=Hercules=, 452.
=Hermitage, The=, 254.
=Hessians, The=, 135, 136.
=Hieroglyphics=, 448-449.
=Hobkirks Hill=, 189.
=Holland, John P.=, and the submarine, 395-397;
portrait of, 395.
=Homestead Law=, 373.
=Hooker=, 335.
=Hoover, Herbert=, 431-432.
=Horace=, 475.
=Horatius=, 464-465.
=Horseshoe Bend=, battle of, 249, 277.
=Houston, General Sam=, 277-281;
lives with Cherokees, 277;
in battle of Horseshoe Bend, 277;
portrait of, 278;
studies law, 278;
goes to Congress, 278;
governor of Tennessee, 278;
visits Washington, 279;
goes to Texas, 279;
in Texas War with Mexico, 279-281;
at battle of San Jacinto, 280-281;
elected first president of Texas, 281;
sent to United States Senate, 281;
death, 281.
=Howe, Elias=, 274-276.
=Howe, General=, 133, 134, 137, 181.
=Howe, Julia Ward=, 404-406;
early life of, 404-405;
writes "Battle Hymn of the Republic," 405;
and the Woman's Club, 405-406;
portrait of, 406.
=Howe, Samuel Gridley=, 405.
=Hudson, Henry=, 54-56;
discovers Hudson River, 54;
portrait of, 55;
cruel to Indians, 55;
seeks northwest passage, 55-56;
set adrift by sailors, 56.
=Hudson Bay Company=, 286.
=Hudson River=, 54-55.
=Hull House=, 413.
=Huns=, 476-477.
=Hydroplane=, 394.
=Iceland=, discovered by Northmen, 1.
=Illinois Indians=, 111.
=Illinois River=, 109, 110, 111.
=Inca=, captured by Pizarro, 23.
=Independence, Declaration of=, _see_ Declaration of Independence.
=India=, search for new route to, 2-16, 34-37;
Magellan first to reach, 31.
=Indian corn=, taken to England, 45;
best crop of the Pilgrims, 79.
=Indians=, first seen by white men, 12;
named by Columbus, 12;
Cortés and the Mexican, 18-21;
great city of the, 18-21;
cruelly treated by De Soto, 25;
welcomed Raleigh's sailors, 44;
Lane cruel to, 45;
hostile to English settlers, 45;
Champlain and the, 49-53;
Marquette loved by the, 53;
carried Champlain's remains to Mackinac, 53;
friendly to Hudson but repaid with cruelty, 55;
and the Dutch, 56-58, 59;
and the Jamestown Colony, 61-66;
friendly to Lord Baltimore, 69;
Pilgrims and, 76, 78-81, 84-85;
John Eliot and the, 83-84;
Penn's treaty with the, 98;
Oglethorpe made treaty with the, 103;
La Salle and the, 107, 110-112;
French trappers and, 113-114;
in French and Indian War, 114, 121-126;
war dance of the, 119;
Boone and the, 204-209;
fought with British in Revolutionary War, 207-209;
Sevier and the, 211-215;
Clark and the, 216, 217;
friendly to Lewis and Clark, 239-243;
missionaries among the, 243-244, 301;
Jackson and the, 247-249;
War of the Seminole, 252;
Houston and the, 277-278;
placed on reservations by U. S. government, 375;
_see also_ names of Indians.
=Indigo=, 104.
=Iron=, 422-423.
=Iroquois Indians=, 50, 52, 56, 107, 111, 112, 114.
=Irrigation=, 375, 446-447.
=Isabella, Queen of Spain=, 6, 8, 15.
=Italians=, 102.
=Jackson, Andrew=, 245-254, 282, 308;
early life of, 246-247;
taken prisoner by the English, 246;
lawyer before twenty, 247;
emigrates to Tennessee, 247;
made U. S. senator, 248;
in War of 1812, 248-252;
wins the name "Old Hickory," 249;
fights Indians, 249;
at battle of New Orleans, 250-252;
portrait of, 252;
twice elected president, 252;
and the United States Bank, 252-253;
and nullification, 254, 308;
death, 254.
=Jackson, General "Stonewall,"= 338.
=James I=, puts Raleigh to death, 47;
gives London Company a charter, 60;
makes Calvert, Baron of Baltimore, 69.
=Jamestown=, settled, 61;
life in the colony of, 60-66, 71-72.
=Jefferson, Thomas=, 229-238;
early life of, 229;
studies law, 230;
meets Patrick Henry, 230;
member of House of Burgesses, 231;
marries, 231;
and Committee of Correspondence, 232;
and the Declaration of Independence, 232-233;
governor of Virginia, 234;
minister to France, 234;
first Secretary of State, 235;
leader of the Democratic-Republican party, 235;
elected president, 235;
portrait of, 235;
purchases Louisiana, 236;
sends out Lewis and Clark Expedition, 237;
elected president second time, 237;
"Sage of Monticello," 238;
death, 238.
=Jenkins, C. Francis=, 385.
=Jews=, 447, 449.
=John, King of England=, 491-492.
=John II=, of Portugal, 5.
=Johnson, Andrew=, 328-329, 337;
portrait of, 328.
=Johnston, General Joseph E.=, 338, 340.
=Johnston, Sarah Bush=, stepmother of President Lincoln, 314.
=Joliet=, 53, 106, 112;
with Marquette sets out to find the Mississippi, 53;
sails down the Mississippi, 53;
death, 53.
=Jones, John Paul=, 194-198;
early life of, 194;
enters American navy, 195;
portrait of, 195;
shows his mettle in West Indies, 196;
sent to France, 196;
in Whitehaven, 196;
on English coast, 197;
captain of _Bon Homme Richard_, 197;
and the _Serapis_, 197-198;
great naval hero, 198.
=Jonesboro=, 247.
=Jutes=, 478.
=Kaiser, The German=, 430, 442.
=Kansas-Nebraska Bill=, 319-322.
=Kaskaskia=, Clark at, 218, 219, 223.
=Keith, Sir William=, 150.
=Kentucky=, Boone in, 204-210, 216.
=Kieft, Governor=, 59.
=King Philip=, Indian chief, 84-85.
=Kings Mountain=, battle of, 184, 213-214.
=Knox, General=, 201.
=Knoxville=, 215, 216.
=Labrador=, discovered by John Cabot, 35.
=Lachine=, 106.
=Lafayette, Marquis de=, 137, 139, 140, 189;
visits Washington after war, 142-143;
rewarded by Congress, 143.
=Lafayette Squadron=, 431.
=Lake Superior=, iron "ranges" of, 422.
=Lane, Ralph=, 44.
=La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de=, 106-113;
seeks Canada, 106;
builds Fort Frontenac, 106;
portrait of, 107;
returns to France for permission to explore Mississippi Valley, 107;
sets out for Mississippi, 107;
builds _Griffin_, 108-109;
builds Fort Crèvecœur, 111;
plans union of Indian tribes, 111;
journeys to mouth of Mississippi, 112;
takes possession for France, 112;
builds Fort St. Louis on Starved Rock, 112;
returns to France and brings over colony, 113;
killed by disappointed colonists, 113.
="Lawrence," The=, Perry's flagship, 245.
=Lee, Henry=, "Light Horse Harry," 184.
=Lee, Richard Henry=, 130, 173, 177, 232.
=Lee, Robert E.=, 325, 326, 327, 335, 336, 337-341;
at West Point, 337;
wins fame and honor in Mexican War, 337;
in charge at West Point, 337;
in charge of Confederate army at Richmond, 338;
defeats McClellan, 338;
retreats from Maryland after battle of Antietam, 338;
at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, 338;
at Gettysburg, 338;
in the "Wilderness," 339;
plans to join Johnston, 340;
meets Sheridan, 340;
surrenders to Grant, 341;
president of Washington College, 341;
death, 341;
portrait of, 341.
=Leonidas=, 462.
=Lewis, Captain Meriwether=, 239-244;
portrait of, 239;
and Clark sent to explore Louisiana Purchase, 239;
and Clark and the Indians, 239-243;
and Clark cross Rocky Mountains, 240-241;
and Clark reach the Columbia River, 242;
and Clark reach the Pacific, 242;
and Clark return to St. Louis, 242;
rewarded by Congress, 242;
made governor of Louisiana Territory, 243.
=Lewis and Clark Expedition=, 237, 239.
=Lexington=, battle of, 130, 175.
="Lexington," The=, 199.
=Lincoln, Abraham=, 313-329;
born in Kentucky backwoods, 313;
early life of, 313-317;
in Black Hawk War, 317;
goes to Illinois legislature, 318;
speaks for General Harrison and Henry Clay, 319;
goes to Congress, 319;
the champion against Douglas, 319;
in the U. S. Senate, 320;
debates between Douglas and, 320-322;
elected president, 322;
calls for troops, 323;
portrait of, 325;
issues Emancipation Proclamation, 326;
assassinated, 327;
and reconstruction, 328-329.
=Lincoln, General=, 182.
=Lincoln, Nancy Hanks=, 314.
=Livingston, Robert R.=, helps draw up Declaration of Independence, 232;
helps make Louisiana Purchase, 236;
aids Fulton, 258, 259.
=Locomotive invented=, 263.
=Loe, Thomas=, 92, 94.
=London Company=, formed, 60.
"=Lone Star Republic=," 281.
=Longstreet, William=, 257.
=Lookout Mountain=, battle of, 335.
=Los Angeles=, 376.
=Louisiana Purchase=, 236-238;
Lewis and Clark explore territory obtained by, 237, 239-244.
=Louisiana Purchase Exposition=, 237.
=Louisville=, 218.
="Lusitania," The=, 428, 430.
="Luzerne," The=, 201.
=McClellan, General=, and Lee, 325, 338;
at Antietam, 338.
=Mace, Samuel=, 46.
=Macedonian phalanx=, 455, 463, 469.
=McCormick, Cyrus H.=, 272-274.
=McKinley, William=, 352-359;
early life of, 352-353;
in the Civil War, 353;
becomes a successful lawyer, 353;
portrait of, 353;
in Congress, 354;
and the Spanish-American War, 354-359;
assassinated, 359.
=Madison, James=, 250, 296.
=Magellan, Ferdinand=, 28-31;
portrait of, 28;
first to sail around earth and prove it round, 28-31;
names, and is first to cross Pacific Ocean, 30;
visits the Philippines, 30;
killed defending his sailors, 31.
=Magellan, Strait of=, discovered, 30;
Drake sails through, 38.
"=Magna Charta=," _see_ Great Charter.
="Maine," The=, 355.
=Manhattan Island=, trading posts established on, 56;
purchase of, 58.
=Manila=, bay, 355-356;
city of, 357.
=Manufactures=, 421-423.
=Marathon=, battle of, 461-462.
=Marconi=, invents wireless telegraphy, 268.
=Marianas=, 30.
=Marion, Francis=, 184, 189-192;
portrait of, 190;
the "Swamp Fox," 190, 191;
sets free one hundred and fifty prisoners, 191;
honored by friends, 192.
=Marne=, first battle of, 427;
second battle of, 438.
=Marquette, Father=, 53, 106, 112.
=Maryland=, 68-70.
=Massachusetts Bay=, Colony of, 82, 83.
=Massasoit=, Indian chief, 78, 79, 80, 84.
="Mayflower," The=, 73-75, 77, 78, 80, 81.
=Meat packing=, 376, 419-421.
=Megaphone=, 275.
=Menlo Park=, Edison's laboratory at, 383, 385.
="Merrimac," The=, 324-325.
=Mexican Indians=, 18-21.
=Mexico=, invaded and conquered by Cortés, 18-22;
mines of, 22;
war between Texas and, 279-283;
Fremont in the war with, 288-289;
war between United States and, 298, 310;
Grant in war with, 332;
Lee in war with, 337;
Pershing sent into, 430.
=Microphone=, 383.
"=Mill boy of the Slashes=," 294.
=Mims, Fort=, massacre at, 249.
=Mines and mining=, 375, 421-423.
=Minuit, Peter=, first governor of New Netherland, 58.
=Minutemen=, 174-175, 183.
=Missionaries=, 53, 106-114, 243.
=Missionary Ridge=, battle of, 335.
=Missions=, in the Southwest, 300-302.
=Mississippi River=, discovered by De Soto, 26, 27;
explored by Joliet and Marquette, 53;
La Salle reached mouth of, 112;
western boundary of United States, 224, 236.
=Mississippi Valley=, La Salle explores the, 107, 109-113.
=Missouri=, state of, 210, 238, 296.
=Missouri Compromise=, 296, 319.
=Missouri River=, Falls of the, 240.
=Mohave Desert=, 288.
"=Mohawks=," 171.
="Monitor," The=, 324-325.
=Monoplane=, 392-393.
=Monmouth=, battle of, 138, 139.
=Monroe James=, 236, 307, 426.
=Monterey=, 289.
=Montezuma=, 20.
=Monticello=, home of Jefferson, 231, 232, 234, 237, 238.
=Moravians=, 102.
=Morgan, General=, 184, 185-189;
fights French and Indians, 185;
helps capture Burgoyne, 186;
complimented by Burgoyne, 186;
at battle of Cowpens, 186, 188;
portrait of, 186; joins Greene, 188;
last days of, 188-189.
=Morristown=, 137.
=Morse, Samuel F. B.=, 264-268;
interested in electricity, 264;
plans instrument, 265;
meets helper in Alfred Vail, 265;
gets government aid, 267;
portrait of, 267;
receives rewards and honors, 268;
death, 268.
=Moving pictures=, 385-386.
=Moultrie, Colonel=, 182.
=Mount Vernon=, 116, 119, 121, 123, 128, 129, 141, 142, 143, 145.
=Murfreesboro=, 335.
=Murray, Mrs.=, entertains Lord Howe, 133.
=Napoleon=, sells Louisiana Territory to the United States, 236.
=Nassau, Fort=, 56.
=Natick, Mass.=, 84.
=National Woman's Suffrage Association=, 403.
=Necessity, Fort=, 123.
=Negro slaves=, _see_ Slavery.
=Neutrality=, American in World War, 426, 427-429.
=New Amsterdam=, 58, 91, 92;
becomes New York, 90.
=New England=, Puritans in, 68, 81-86;
Pilgrims in, 73-81;
industries, manners, and customs of colonists in, 85-86.
=New France=, 52;
trappers, soldiers, and missionaries of, 113-114.
=New Netherland=, 88-90;
settlement of, 58-59;
industries, manners, and customs of, 91-92.
=New Orleans=, 236;
battle of, 250-252.
=Newport, Captain=, 60, 62.
=New York=, New Amsterdam becomes, 90;
William and Mary give representative assembly to, 90;
British in, 133;
Washington inaugurated in, 143-144.
=Nez Percé Indians=, 241, 243.
="Niagara," The=, 245.
=Niagara River=, 108, 109.
=Nile River=, 446-447, 463.
="Niña," The=, 10, 13.
=Ninevah=, 448.
"=Nolichucky Jack=," 212-216.
=Nolichucky River=, 212.
"=No-Man's-Land=," 203.
=Normans=, 483, 488-490.
=Northmen=, voyages of, 1-2;
in Iceland and Greenland, 1;
discover Vinland, 1;
wanderings of, 483, 484, 486.
_See also_ Normans _and_ Danes.
="North River," The=, 260.
=Nullification=, and President Jackson, 254, 308;
Webster's great speech on, 303-304;
Calhoun favors, 307-308;
South Carolina and, 253-254, 308.
=Odoacer=, 477.
=Oglethorpe, James=, 100-103, 104;
friend of the unfortunate, 100;
portrait of, 101;
settles Georgia, 101-103;
death, 103.
"=Old Hickory=," 249.
=Old North Church=, 174.
=Old South Church=, 169, 171.
=Orange, Fort=, 56, 57, 90.
=Orange growing=, 375.
="Oregon," The=, 377.
=Oregon Country=, Lewis and Clark Expedition sent to, 237, 243;
sought by fur traders and missionaries, 243-244;
United States and Great Britain occupy, 244;
northern boundary of the established, 244;
Benton speaks on the, 285.
="Pacificator," The=, 297.
=Pacific Northwest=, 333.
=Pacific Ocean=, named by Magellan, 30.
=Pakenham, General=, 251.
=Palos=, 7, 9, 13, 15.
=Panama-California Exposition=, 378.
=Panama Canal=, 376-378.
=Panama-Pacific International Exposition=, 378.
=Paris=, son of the king of Troy, 452.
=Parker, ----=, 243.
=Parsons' Case, The=, 161-162.
=Patagonia=, 29, 38.
=Patroons, The=, 58-59, 89.
=Paul, John=, _see_ Jones, John Paul.
="Pelican," The=, Drake's ship, 38.
=Penn, Admiral=, 93, 94, 95, 96.
=Penn, William=, 92-98;
becomes a Quaker, 93;
sent to Paris and Ireland, 93-94;
portrait of, 94;
King Charles and, 94;
founds Pennsylvania as home for Quakers, 95-98;
invites all persecuted people, 96;
founds Philadelphia, 97;
treaty with the Indians, 98;
death, 98.
=Penn's Woods=, 96.
=Pennsylvania=, founded, 95-96;
coal in, 421-422.
=Pennsylvania, University of=, founded, 151.
"=Pennsylvania Dutch=," 98.
"=Pennsylvania Gazette=," 151.
=Pericles=, 460-461.
=Perry, Oliver Hazard=, 244-245;
midshipman at fourteen, 244;
in war against Barbary States, 244;
ordered to Lake Erie, 244;
battle of Lake Erie, 244-245;
portrait of, 245;
highly honored, 245.
=Pershing, John J.=, sent to Mexico, 430;
heads American forces, 436;
portrait of, 436;
early life, 436-437;
lands in France, 437;
divides his troops among the Allies, 438-439;
defeats the Germans at Château-Thierry, 439;
wins battle of St. Mihiel, 439-440.
=Peru=, Pizarro in, 23.
=Petersburg=, siege of, 336.
"=Petition of Right=," 493.
=Philadelphia=, 137;
founded, 97;
British at, 138;
first Continental Congress at, 172;
Second Continental Congress at, 177.
=Philip=, _see_ King Philip.
=Philip of Macedon=, 455.
=Philippines=, Magellan visits, 30;
United States pays Spain for, 357.
=Phoenicians=, 449-450.
=Phonograph=, 384, 387.
=Pickett, General George E.=, 338.
=Pierce, President=, 269.
=Pilgrims, The=, 73-81;
seek Holland, 73;
land in America, 74-77;
and the Indians, 76, 78-81, 84-85;
settle at Plymouth, 77;
build homes in the forest, 77;
celebrate Thanksgiving, 80;
industries, manners, and customs of, 85-86.
="Pinta," The=, 10, 11, 13, 14.
=Pinzón=, 7;
sails with Columbus, 10.
=Pitt, Fort=, 126, 218.
=Pitt, William=, 126, 154, 162, 233.
=Pittsburgh=, iron and steel center of America, 423.
=Pittsburg Landing=, 334-335, 380.
=Pizarro, Francisco=, 23-24;
marches army to Cuzco and finds vast wealth, 23;
killed by his men, 24.
=Planters=, industries, manners, and customs of the southern, 103-104.
=Plato=, 454.
=Plymouth=, landing place of the Pilgrims, 77;
colony of, 83.
=Plymouth Rock=, 77.
=Pocahontas=, 66-68;
rescues John Smith, 64;
carries corn to settlers, 64;
warns settlers of danger, 65;
marries John Rolfe, 66;
received as a princess in England, 67;
portrait of, 68;
death, 68.
=Ponce de Leon=, 17-18;
takes possession of Florida, 17;
death, 18.
"=Pony express=," 373.
"=Poor Richard's Almanac=," 151, 152, 197.
=Pope, General=, 338.
=Portland=, 376.
=Porto Rico=, annexed by United States, 357.
=Port Royal=, founded, 49.
=Potato, white=, taken to England, 45.
=Powhatan=, famous Indian chief, 63, 64, 65, 67.
=Prescott, Colonel=, 176.
=Princeton=, 136.
=Protestants=, 68, 69, 102.
"=Puffing Billy=," 263.
=Puritans=, 68, 70, 81-83, 85;
in England, 81;
seek America, 81;
at Salem, 81;
found Boston, 82, 83;
found colony of Massachusetts, 92.
=Put-In-Bay=, 244.
=Quakers=, 92-100;
called themselves Society of Friends, 99.
=Quebec=, founded, 49;
fall of, 114;
expedition against, 126.
=Railroads=, 263-264, 373.
=Raleigh, Sir Walter=, 42-47;
Drake carries back to England colony of, 41;
as student, soldier, seaman, 42-43;
plants colonies in America, 43-46;
portrait of, 44;
wins favor with Queen Elizabeth, 44;
put to death, 47.
="Raleigh," The=, 200.
=Rameses II=, 447.
="Ranger," The=, 196, 197.
="Ranges" of Lake Superior=, 422.
=Reaper=, 272-274.
=Red Cross Society=, 355, 410-412, 431.
=Reed, Deborah=, wife of Franklin, 149, 151.
=Refrigerator cars=, 421.
=Remus=, 464.
=Republican party=, 289, 320, 344, 348, 351, 370.
=Resources and industries of the United States=, 416-423.
=Revere, Paul=, 172, 174.
="Revolution," The=, 403.
=Revolution, War of the=, 207, 209, 211, 224, 246, 247;
debt of the, 235;
woman's part in the, 400.
=Rice=, in the South, 104.
=Richmond=, 325, 326, 327.
=Roanoke Island=, 44, 45.
=Rochambeau, General=, 139.
=Rocky Mountains=, 240, 243.
=Rolfe, John=, 66, 67.
=Rolfe, Thomas=, 68.
=Rome=, 464-477;
legends and myths of, 464-466;
threatened with civil war, 466;
taken by Gauls, 466;
conquers all tribes of Italy, 466;
war with Carthage, 466-469;
conquers many nations, 469;
changed character of, 469-470;
uprisings in, 470;
conquests under Caesar, 472;
becomes an empire, 473;
establishes a system of laws, 473-474;
builds famous roads and engineering works, 474;
literature of, 475;
prepares way for spread of Christianity, 475-476;
conquered by Teutons, 476-477;
later invasions, 477;
brings Christianity to Germans, 478-479;
Charlemagne crowned emperor of, 481.
=Romulus=, 464.
=Roosevelt, Theodore=, 356, 360-372;
early life, 360-363;
as New York assemblyman, 363-364;
western life, 364-365;
as Civil Service Commissioner, 365;
as Police Commissioner, 365-366;
in Spanish-American War, 366;
governor of New York, 366;
as vice-president, succeeds McKinley, 367;
record as president, 368;
as an author, 368-369;
defeated for reëlection, 370;
explores a Brazilian river, 370-371;
death, 371.
=Rosecrans, General=, 335.
"=Rough Riders=," 366.
=Rubicon=, 472-473.
=Rumsey, James=, 257.
=Runnymede=, meeting at, 492.
=Russia=, takes part in World War, 421;
makes peace with Germany, 437.
=Sacajawea=, statue of, 241.
=Sacramento Valley=, 287-288.
"=Sage of Monticello=," 238.
=St. Francis=, 290.
=St. Gaudens=, statue of Lincoln by, 326-327.
=St. John's Church=, 163.
=St. Joseph River=, 109, 110.
=St. Lawrence River=, French on, 49, 50, 52.
=St. Louis=, 210, 242.
=St. Louis, Fort=, 112.
=St. Marys=, 69.
=St. Mihiel=, battle of, 439-440.
=Salamis=, battle of, 462.
=Salem=, colony at, 81, 82.
=Samoset=, 78.
=Sampson, Rear Admiral=, 357.
=San Antonio=, 282.
=San Diego=, mission at, 290-291;
exposition at, 378.
=San Francisco=, importance of, 376;
exposition at, 378;
Red Cross relieves suffering caused by earthquake at, 411-412.
=San Jacinto=, battle of, 280-281.
=San Juan=, 356-357.
=San Salvador=, discovered by Columbus, 12.
=Santa Ana, General=, 280, 281, 282.
="Santa Maria," The=, 9.
=Santiago=, 356-357.
=Savannah=, founded, 102;
captured by British, 182.
=Saxons=, _see_ Anglo-Saxon tribes.
=Schley, Commodore=, 357.
=Schuyler, Philip=, 132.
=Scott, General=, 254.
=Seminole Indians=, war with the, 252.
="Serapis," The=, 197, 198.
=Serfs=, 445.
=Serra, Junipero=, 290-291.
=Settlement=, _see_ Social Settlement.
=Sevier, John=, 210-216, 247;
goes to school at Fredericksburg, 210;
famous Indian fighter, 210;
captain in Washington' regiment, 210;
portrait of, 211;
at siege of Fort Watauga, 211-212;
Kate Sherrill and, 211-212;
moves to the Nolichucky, 212;
fights battle of Kings Mountain, 213-214;
destroys Indian towns, 214;
governor of Tennessee, 215;
dies while working, 215.
=Sewing Machine=, 274-276.
=Shafter, General=, 356.
=Shawnee Indians=, 216.
=Shelby, Colonel=, 213.
=Sheridan, General=, 340.
=Sherman, Roger=, 232.
=Sherrill, Kate=, 211-212.
=Sholes, Christopher L.=, 386-387.
=Silver=, 373.
=Slavery=, in Virginia, 71;
in the South, 229;
Calhoun on question of, 308-310;
petitions in favor of abolishing, 308;
new view of, 310;
Lincoln's attitude toward, 316, 318;
question of, 320;
destroyed, 326;
Harriet Beecher Stowe's efforts against, 407.
=Sloat, Commander=, 289.
=Smith, John=, 61-66, 77;
portrait of, 61;
as a soldier, 62;
and the Indians, 62-65;
saved from death by Pocahontas, 64;
returns to Jamestown, 64;
returns to England, 66;
on last visit to America, 66;
meets Pocahontas in England, 67.
=Snake River=, Lewis and Clark on the, 242.
=Social Settlement=, Jane Addams and the, 413.
=Socrates=, 453-454.
"=Soldier's Rest=," Morgan's home, 188.
"=Sons of Liberty=," 162, 168.
=South Carolina=, and nullification, 253-254, 308.
=South Pass=, 243, 285.
=Spain=, in America, 11-16, 18-28;
Englishmen check progress of, 37-42;
missions of, 290-292;
war between United States and, 366-370.
_See also_ Spanish-American War.
=Spanish-American War=, 366-370;
Goethals in the, 377;
Clara Barton and the Red Cross in the, 411.
=Spanish Armada, The=, 42.
=Spanish missions=, in the Southwest, 290-292;
in California, 290-292;
treatment of Indians at, 291-292;
present condition of, 292.
=Sparta=, 452, 453, 456, 458, 462.
="Speedwell," The=, 73, 74.
=Spottsylvania=, battle of, 336, 337.
=Squanto=, friend of Pilgrims, 78, 79, 80.
=Stamp Act=, 129, 154, 158-160, 162, 168, 230.
=Standish, Miles=, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80;
portrait of, 78.
=Stanton, Elizabeth Cady=, 401-404;
early life of, 401-402;
portrait of, 401;
calls woman's rights convention, 402;
works with Miss Anthony for suffrage, 403;
death, 404.
=Stanton, Henry B.=, 402, 403.
=Starved Rock=, 110, 111.
=Steamboat=, invented by Fulton, 257-260;
used on all rivers, 260-261.
=Steel=, manufacture of, 423.
=Stephenson, George=, 263.
=Steuben, General=, 138.
=Stewart=, Boone's companion, 204.
=Stowe, Calvin E.=, 407.
=Stowe, Harriet Beecher=, 406-407;
early life of, 406-407;
in behalf of freedom for slaves, 407;
writes _Uncle Tom's Cabin_, 407;
portrait of, 407;
death, 407.
=Strait of Magellan=, _see_ Magellan.
"=Stump speaking=," 319.
=Stuyvesant, Peter=, 87-91;
in West Indies, 87;
portrait of, 88;
governor of New Amsterdam, 88-90;
makes strict laws, 88;
disputes with people, 89;
surrenders to English, 90-91.
=Submarine=, 395-397.
=Suffrage, Woman=, 402, 403-404, 414.
=Sumter, Fort=, 323.
=Sumter, Thomas=, 184.
=Superior=, iron "ranges" of Lake, 422.
=Sutter, Colonel=, 288.
=Sutter's Fort=, 287.
=Taft, William Howard=, 369-370;
portrait of, 369.
=Tanks=, 397.
=Tariff=, collecting in South Carolina, 297;
protective, 303-307;
Calhoun and, 307-308.
=Tariff Law, Compromise=, 297, 304, 308.
=Tarleton, Colonel=, sent to capture Morgan, 185-187;
defeated at battle of the Cowpens, 186-188;
stories of, 187-188;
sent to capture Marion, 191.
=Tea Tax=, 129, 162-163, 168-170, 231.
=Tecumseh=, 249.
=Telegraph=, invented by Morse, 264-268;
Marconi invents wireless, 268;
Edison and the, 381-383.
=Telephone=, invented by Bell and Gray, 268.
=Temperance=, _see_ Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
=Tennessee=, 215, 247, 248.
=Texas=, 279-283, 310.
=Thanksgiving=, the first American, 80.
=Thermopylae=, 462.
=Threshing machines=, 418.
=Ticonderoga=, 132.
=Tigris River=, 448.
=Tobacco=, chief crop of Virginia planters, 71.
=Tonti=, comes to America with La Salle, 107;
goes to hunt the _Griffin_, 109, 110;
at Starved Rock, 111, 113;
in command of Fort St. Louis, 112.
=Tories=, 169, 190.
=Tours=, battle of, 479.
=Trade routes=, old, 2;
Turks destroy, 3.
=Trading posts=, 56.
=Transportation=, development of, 373-374.
"=Traveler=," Lee's horse, 341.
=Travis, Colonel=, 279.
=Treaty of 1783= (Revolution), 140, 155.
=Treaty of Ghent= (War of 1812), 306.
=Treaty of 1846=, 244.
=Trenton=, 135.
=Trojans=, 452-453.
=Turkey=, 45.
=Tyler, President=, 314, 320.
=Typewriter=, 386-388.
=Ulysses=, 453.
"=Uncle Tom's Cabin=," 407.
"=Unknown Warrior=," burial of, 433.
=Union-Pacific Railway=, completed, 374.
=United States=, resources and industries of the, 316-323.
=United States Bank=, President Jackson and the, 252-253.
=Vail, Alfred=, 265.
=Valley Forge=, 137, 138.
=Van Buren, President=, 254.
=Vancouver, Fort=, 286.
=Van Rensselaer=, a patroon, 58.
=Vernon, Admiral=, 116.
=Vespucci, Amerigo=, 16.
=Vicksburg=, siege of, 334.
=Victoria, Queen=, 270.
=Vikings=, _see_ Northmen.
=Villa=, 430.
=Vincennes=, campaign against, 218-224.
=Vinland=, visited by Northmen, 1.
=Virgil=, 475.
=Virginia=, 60, 130, 163, 166;
named by Queen Elizabeth, 44;
colony planted in, 46;
Charles I gives Baltimore a part of, 69;
slavery introduced into, 71;
life in the colony of, 71;
industries, manners, and customs of, 71-72;
old days in, 126-129;
the change in, 141.
=Wabash=, Clark and his men in the "drowned lands" of the, 221-222.
=War of 1812=, heroes of, 244-254;
Perry in, 244-245;
Jackson in, 248-252;
Clay's part in the, 296;
treaty ending, 296;
Webster's part in, 302;
Calhoun's work in, 307.
=Warren, General Joseph=, 177.
=Washington, Augustine=, 115.
=Washington, George=, 114-145, 153, 166, 173, 180, 182, 184, 234;
birthday and birthplace of, 115;
mother of, 115;
a skilled woodsman, 118;
meets Lord Fairfax, 119;
as a surveyor, 119-120;
in the wilderness and at Greenway Court, 119-121;
as a soldier against the French, 121-123;
builds Fort Necessity, 123;
joins Braddock's army, 123;
visits Boston, 125;
meets Martha Custis, 126;
at Fort Duquesne, 126;
married, 126-127;
elected to House of Burgesses, 127;
at Mount Vernon, 128-129;
modesty of, 128, 131;
sent to Continental Congress, 130;
made commander in chief of American armies, 130, 155, 177;
takes command of army, 132;
appoints Schuyler to take command in New York, 132;
outwits Howe, 133;
retreats but fights, 134;
at Trenton, 135-136;
defeats British at Princeton, 137;
at battle of Brandywine, 137;
at Valley Forge, 137-138;
at Yorktown, 139-140;
portrait of, 139;
bids farewell to army and returns to Mount Vernon, 140-142;
elected first president, 143-145, 234;
loved by the people, 143;
character of administration of, 144;
reëlected president and refuses third term, 145;
death, 145.
=Washington, Lawrence=, 116, 117, 121.
=Washington, William=, 184, 185, 186, 187.
=Watauga, Fort=, 211, 212.
=Watt, James=, 258, 259.
=Webster, Daniel=, 300-306;
early life of, 300;
best student at Dartmouth, 301;
studies law, 301;
marries, 302;
in Congress, 302;
opposes nullification, 303, 304;
portrait of, 304;
Secretary of State, 304, 306;
supports the Compromise of 1850, 305;
dies at Marshfield, 306.
=Wesley, John and Charles=, 103.
=West, Benjamin=, 258.
=West, The New=, 372-376.
=West Indies=, Columbus discovers and explores, 13, 15;
devastated by Drake, 41;
Paul Jones' expedition to, 196.
=Wheat=, 375, 417-419.
=Whig party, The=, 297, 298, 304, 319, 322.
=White, John=, 45, 46.
=Whitehaven=, Paul Jones' exploit at, 196.
=White Plains=, 134.
=Whitman, Marcus=, missionary, 243, 244.
=Whitney, Eli=, 226-229;
in his father's tool shop, 226;
goes to Savannah, 227;
invited to Mulberry Grove, 227;
becomes interested in cotton, 228;
invents cotton gin, 228;
effect of cotton gin invented by, 416.
"=Wilderness=," fighting in the, 336, 337.
="Wilderness Road," The=, 205-206.
=Willard, Frances E.=, 408-409;
early life of, 408;
and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 409;
death, 409;
portrait of, 409.
=William and Mary=, 90.
=William the Conqueror=, 488-489, 490.
=Williamsburg=, 159, 163, 230.
="Willing," The=, 220, 223.
=Wilson, Woodrow=, 428-431;
early life, 429;
practises law, 429;
as a teacher, 429;
president of Princeton, 429;
governor of New Jersey, 429-430;
portrait of, 430;
and Mexico, 430;
dismisses German ambassador, 431;
makes loans to Allies, 431;
at Paris, 442;
tours the United States, 443.
=Winslow, Edward=, 73.
=Winthrop, John=, 81-83, 147.
=Wireless telegraphy=, 268.
=Wolfe, General=, 114, 126.
=Woman's Christian Temperance Union=, 409.
=Woman's club=, 405-406.
=Woman's rights=, 401-404, 414;
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and, 402;
Susan B. Anthony and, 403-404;
Julia Ward Howe and, 406.
=Woman's Rights Convention=, first, 402.
=Woman suffrage=, 402, 403-404, 414.
=Women of our nation=, 400-416.
=Wood, Colonel Leonard=, 356.
=World's Columbian Exposition=, 16.
=World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union=, 409.
=World War=, 371, 424-443;
support of by the American people, 424-426;
attitude of United States in early years of, 426-429, 430-431;
nations involved in, 426,
naval events of, 427;
United States enters, 431-432;
size of, 433-434;
character of, 434-435;
Russia withdraws from, 437;
crisis of, 437-439;
American battles in, 439-441;
Allied victories in, 441;
close of, 442-443.
=Wright, Orville=, 390-394.
=Wright, Wilbur=, 390-394.
=Wyeth, Nathaniel=, 243.
=Xerxes=, 462.
=Yadkin River=, Greene crosses, 188;
Boone on the, 203;
Boone returns to home on the, 205.
=York, Duke of=, 89.
=Yorktown=, victory at, 139-140, 189.
=Zama=, battle of, 469.
=Zeppelins=, 391.
[Illustration: UNITED STATES
_Copyright, 1909, by Rand, McNally & Company._]