The dial marked “1 thousand” in the accompanying illustration is divided
into hundreds; the dial marked “10 thousand” is divided into thousands;
that marked “100 thousand” into ten-thousands, and that marked “1
million” into hundred-thousands. When 1,000 cubic feet of gas have been
consumed, the pointer on the dial marked “1 thousand” will have made a
complete rotation and the fact will be indicated by the pointer of the
next dial at the left, which will point to the figure 1. When 10,000
cubic feet of gas have been consumed, the pointer on the “10 thousand”
dial will point to 1, and so on. In reading a gas meter, put down the
hundreds first, then the thousands, and so on, always counting the
figure just under, or which has just been passed by, the pointer. In the
illustration about half a hundred is indicated on the “1 thousand” dial,
three thousands is indicated on the next dial, two ten-thousands on the
next dial, and one one-hundred-thousand on the “1 million” dial. The
reading will be 123,050. The dial marked “ten feet” is called the units
dial. It is used for testing the meter to discover whether it is in
working order or not. Each mark represents a cubic foot and the complete
circle 10 cubic feet. If the pointer moves when no gas is burning, it
indicates a leak. If it does not move when the gas is burning, or if its
motion is unsteady, it indicates a derangement in the mechanism and
shows that the meter requires attention.
=OUTLINE COURSE OF ELEMENTARY SCIENCE FOR THE GRADES=
======+=========================================+=====================
GRADES| LIFE | STRUCTURE
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| ZOOLOGY | BOTANY | MINERALOGY |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
I.|Observe-- |Observe-- |Observe |
II.|1. Birds; migration,|1. Flowers; color, |1. Pebbles and |
III.|nesting, feeding. |form, parts. |rocks; color, shape,|
|2. Insects; butter- |2. Fruits; color, |hardness. |
|flies, moths, earth-|form, etc. |2. Kinds of rock; |
|worms. |3. Leaves; shape, |quartzose, calcites.|
|3. Uses of birds and|color, veining. |3. Uses; for soil |
|insects. |4. Stems; form, po- |making and building.|
| |sition, bark, struc-| |
| |ture. | |
| |5. Conditions of | |
| |growth, habits, etc.| |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
IV.|By observing the |Observe characteris-|1. Sandstone |
|form and structure, |tics of-- |2. Argillaceous |
|determine some |1. Exogens and |rocks. |
|1. Orders of mam- |Endogens. |3. Formation of |
|mals. |2. Kinds of trees, |rocks. |
|2. Orders of birds. |fruits, vegetables, | _a._ Sedimentary; |
|3. Orders of |grasses and grains. | sandstone, lime- |
|insects. |3. Effects of culti-| stone, etc. |
|4. Orders of rep- |vation. | _b._ Igneous; |
|tiles. | | granite, etc. |
|Uses of animals. | | |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
V.|Characteristics, |Observe characteris-|Formation and uses--|
|habits and uses of--|tics-- |1. Coal. |
|1. Fishes. |1. Plants of the |2. Mineral oils. |
|2. Oysters, crabs, |rose, pine, pulse, |3. Natural gas. |
|starfishes. |violet, pink, mus- |4. Iron; ores. |
|3. Coral animals. |tard, composite, | |
| |lily, grass and fern| |
| |families. | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
VI.|Characteristics of |Peculiarities, |1. Minerals and |
|Animals of the-- |habits, uses-- |mines of the United |
|1. Temperate cli- |1. Palm, banana, |States. |
|mate. |pineapple and orchid|2. Gold and silver. |
|2. Tropical climate.|families. |3. Copper. |
|3. Polar climate. |2. Mosses; lichens. | |
|Uses made of them. | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
VII.|Animals of the dif- |1. Zones of vegeta- |Mines and minerals |
|ferent zones of the |tion. |of other countries. |
|Old World compared |2. Limits of migra- | |
|with those of the |tion. | |
|United States. Dis- |3. Vegetable pro- | |
|tribution and migra-|ducts of commerce. | |
|tion; cause; limits.| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
VIII.|Relation of animal |1. Culture of |Minerals. |
|life to vegetation |fruits, vegetables, |1. Constituents. |
|and civilization. |fibers, grains. |2. Commercial value |
|Checks on animal |2. Commercial value;|and uses in the |
|life. |benefits to man. |arts, etc. |
| | | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
======+==============================================================
GRADES| STRUCTURE
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
| GEOLOGY | PHYSICS AND | ASTRONOMY,
| | CHEMISTRY | METEOROLOGY
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
I.|Rain; its effects-- |Observe qualities; |Observe--
II.|1. On the surface; |elastic, porous, |1. Sun, moon, con-
III.|slopes, ponds, in |etc. |stellations.
|valleys, streams. |1. Forms of water; |2. Wind, clouds,
|2. Below the sur- |their uses. |rain, snow, frost,
|face; springs, cav- |2. Atmosphere; |dew.
|erns, etc. |weight, composition.|3. Their causes.
|River Basins-- |3. Magnetism; elec- |4. Effects.
|1. Boundary, uses, |tricity. |
|etc. |4. Solutions. |
|2. Alluvial de- |5. Gases; hydrogen, |
|posits. |oxygen, nitrogen, |
| |carbonic acid gas. |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
IV.|1. Ocean; effects of|1. Heat; sources: |Climate; causes:
|waves, tides, |sun, fuel, friction.|1. Winds, direction
|currents. |2. Transmission; |of sun’s rays.
|2. Glaciers; mo- |conduction, radia- |2. Surface; moun-
|raines: formation, |tion, convection. |tains, vegetation.
|effects. |3. Uses: warming, |3. Bodies of water;
|3. Volcanoes; gey- |cooking, smelting. |rivers, ocean
|sers; earthquakes. |4. Physical and |currents.
|4. Gradual elevation|chemical changes |Twilight; duration.
|and depression of |observed. |
|the earth’s crust. |5. Carbon; forms; |
| |uses. |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
V.|Continent building--|1. Light-- |1. Prevailing winds.
|1. Mountains, | _a._ Sources; |2. U. S. weather
|plains, coast lines.| uses. |maps.
|2. Agencies; | _b._ Transmission,|3. Climate of the
| _a._ Vegetable; | reflection, re- |United States.
| peat-bogs, swamps.| fraction. |
| _b._ Animal; coral| _c._ Lenses, |
| formation, shell | glasses. |
| deposits. |2. Fermentation of |
| _c._ Chemical |fruit juices; yeast.|
| springs, geysers, | |
| caverns, deposits | |
|in lakes and seas. | |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
VI.|1. Appalachian and |1. Magnetism; uses: |North and South
|Rocky mountains. |compass, electro- |America--
|2. River basins and |magnets. |1. Winds; trades,
|great lakes of the |2. Electricity; |polar, variable.
|United States. |sources and uses. |2. Wind zones.
| |3. The levers; |3. Weather maps.
| |scales. |
| |4. Equilibrium of |
| |bodies. |
| |5. Chlorine. |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
VII.|Continent struc- |Pendulum; inertia, |Trades and Monsoons.
|ture-- |motion. |1. Deserts; Sahara,
|1. South America. |Forces: gravitation,|Arabia, etc.
|2. Eurasia. |cohesion, chemical |2. Heavy rains of
|3. Australia. |attraction. |India.
|4. Africa. |Capillary attrac- |
| |tion; osmose pres- |
| |sure and flow of |
| |liquids. Testing air|
| |and water for |
| |impurities. |
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
VIII.|The earth; form, |Sound; propagation, |The Solar system.
|crust-- |reflection, vibra- |The moon.
|1. Rock strata; |tion, music. |The sun; fixed
|fossils. |Examination of |stars.
|2. Geological ages. |soils. |The tides; ocean
| | |currents.
------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------