4 gills (gi.) = 1 pint (pt.)
2 pints = 1 quart (qt.)
4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal.)
31-1/2 gallons = 1 barrel (bbl.)
2 barrels = 1 hogshead (hhd.)
Gallon Quarts Pints Gills
1 = 4 = 8 = 32
A pint, quart, or gallon, dry measure, is more than the same quantity,
liquid measure; for a quart, dry measure, is 1/32 of a bushel, or 1/32
of 2150.4 cubic inches, which is about 67-1/5 cubic inches, while a
quart liquid measure is 1/4 of 231 cubic inches, or 57-3/4 cubic inches.
Cu. In. Cu. In. Cu. In. Cu. In.
in 1 Gal. in 1 Qt. in 1 Pt. in 1 Gi.
Liquid measure 231 57-3/4 28-7/8 7-7/32
Dry measure 268-4/5 67-1/5 33-3/5 8-2/5
In determining the capacity of cisterns, reservoirs, etc., 31-1/2
gallons are considered a barrel (bbl.), and 2 barrels, or 63 gallons, a
hogshead (hhd.). In commerce, however, the barrel and hogshead are not
fixed measures.
Casks of large size, called tierces, pipes, butts, tuns, etc., do not
hold any fixed quantity. Their capacity is usually marked upon them.
The standard gallon of the United States contains 231 cubic inches, and
will hold a little over 8-1/3 pounds of distilled water. The imperial
gallon, now adopted by Great Britain, contains 277.274 cubic inches, or
10 pounds of distilled water, temperature 62 degrees Fahrenheit, the
barometer standing at 30 inches.