Pronounce the following: Where, wheat, wharf, whale, whine, white,
whim´per, whis´per, whip´ping, whit´tle.
11. Do not omit to give the sound of _r_ after a vowel in the same
syllable, as in _arm_, _form_, etc., not _ahm_, _fawum_, etc.
Pronounce the following: Dark, hark, start, chart, are, tar, remark´,
course, for, nor, door, floor, lord, hon´or, do´nor, short, support´,
report´, pa´per, or´der, horse, purse, warm, alarm´ing, return´ing,
reform´ing.
12. Do not add the sound of _r_ to a final vowel or dipthong; as _lawr_
for _law_, _ide´ar_ for _ide´a_.
Pronounce the following: saw, draw, paw, claw, pota´to, toma´to, com´ma,
Em´ma.
13. Do not shorten the sound of long _o_ in certain words by leaving off
its vanishing element _ōō_.
Pronounce the following: Boat, bone, broke, choke, cloak, colt, comb,
dolt, hole, home, home´ly, hope, jolt, load, on´ly, road, rogue, smoke,
spoke, spok´en, stone, throat, toad, whole, wrote, yoke, bolster.
14. Do not omit the sound of _d_ when preceded by _n_; as _stan_ for
_stand_, _frenz_ for _friends_.
Pronounce the following: Stands, bands, wĭnds, wīnds, depends´,
defends´, demands´, blind´ness, grand´mother, grand´father, hand´ful.
15. Do not omit the sound of _d_ in the terminal letters _lds_; as
_wīlz_ for _wilds_, _fēlz_ for _fields_.
Pronounce the following: Folds, holds, scolds, builds, scalds, unfolds´,
child´s.
16. Do not omit the sound of _t_ when preceded by _c hard_ in the same
syllable; as _aks_ for _acts_, _exak´ly_ for _exact´ly_.
Pronounce the following: Facts, tracts, com´pacts, inspects´, respects´,
inducts´, instructs´, correct´ly, direct´ly, ab´stractly, per´fectly.
17. Do not omit the sound of _t_ in the terminal letters _sts_; as
_fis´s_ for _fists_, _pes´s_ for _pests_.
Pronounce the following: Posts, boasts, coasts, hosts, ghosts, accosts´.
18. Do not improperly suppress the vowel sounds in unaccented syllables;
as _ev´ry_ for _ev´er-y_, _his´try_ for _his´to-ry_.
Pronounce the following: Belief´, crock´ery, fam´ily, fa´vorite,
des´perate, des´olate, nom´inative, mis´ery, li´brary, sal´ary,
com´pany, com´fortable, perfum´ery, mem´ory, vic´tory, slip´pery,
part´iciple, sev´eral, bois´terous.
19. Do not suppress the sound of _e_ or of _i_ before _l_ or _n_ in
those words in which it should be articulated; as _lev´l_ for _lev´el_,
_civ´l_ for _civ´il_, _kitch´n_ for _kitch´en_, _Lat´n_ for _Lat´in_.
Pronounce the following: Trav´el, nov´el, bar´rel, par´cel, hov´el,
chap´el, quar´rel, sor´rel, pen´cil, chick´en, lin´en, sud´den, mit´ten,
sat´in.
20. Do not sound _e_ or _i_ before _n_ or _l_ in those words in which it
is properly silent; _e´ven_ for _e´vn_, _heav´en_ for _heav´n_, _ba´sin_
for _ba´sn_, _haz´el_ for _ha´zl_, _e´vil_ for _e´vl_.
Pronounce the following: Ha´ven, sev´en, gold´en, o´pen, short´en,
wood´en, wak´en, wid´en, fro´zen.
21. After _r_, _ch_, or _sh_ do not give the sound of long _u_ when the
simple sound of _oo_ (long or short) should be heard; as _rule_ for
_rool_, _fruit_, for _froot_.
Pronounce the following: True, truth, grew, chew, sure, sug´ar, tru´ly,
crew, brute, bru´tal, rude, through, cru´el, ru´by, ru´bicund.
22. Do not substitute the sound _oo_ for that of long _u_; as _toon_ for
_tune_, _doo´ty_ for _du´ty_.
Pronounce the following: Tube, duke, mute, nude, mu´sic, Tues´day,
du´bious, lute, blue, illume´, illude´, in´stitute.
23. The vowel _a_, when unaccented, at the end of a word has the sound
of _ä_ (as in _far_) somewhat shortened; as _com´ma_ not _com´mĭ_ nor
_commā_.
Pronounce the following: Dra´ma, da´ta, pi´ca, so´fa, al´gebra, Chi´na,
Amer´ica, dilem´ma, mi´ca, alpac´a, a´rea, neb´ula.
24. Give to the vowel _a_ in the unaccented terminal syllables _al_,
_ant_, _ance_, its short sound, but do not make it prominent.
Pronounce the following: Na´tional, par´tial, fi´nal, eter´nal,
ig´norant, ty´rant, in´stant, fla´grant, vig´ilance, ig´norance,
in´stance, fra´grance.
25. Do not give to the vowel _a_ (as in _far_), when unaccented and made
brief, the sound of short _u_; as _ŭbase´_ for _abase´_, _ŭrouse_ for
_arouse´_.
Pronounce the following: Abound´, abate´, above´, about´, abridge´,
amuse´, fanat´ic, ag´gravate, traduce´.
26. Do not give to long _e_, when unaccented and slightly abridged, the
sound of short _u_; as _ŭvent´_ for _event´_, _soci´ŭty_ for _soci´ety_.
Pronounce the following: Emo´tion, vari´ety, sobri´ety, sati´ety,
anxi´ety, impi´ety.
27. Do not give to long _o_, when unaccented and slightly abridged, the
sound of short _u_; as _ŭbey´_ for _obey´_, _prŭpose´_ for _propose´_.
Pronounce the following: Opin´ion, obe´dience, provide´, promote´,
provoke´, pota´to, tobac´co, posi´tion, soci´ety, el´oquence,
disposi´tion, mel´ody, composi´tion.
28. Do not sound short _o_, when unaccented, as short _u_; as _ŭbscure´_
for _obscure´_, _cŭmmit´tee_ for _commit´tee_.
Pronounce the following: Observe´, oppose´, command´, conceal´,
condi´tion, contain´, content´, possess´.
29. Do not lay too much stress on an unaccented syllable or a syllable
having a secondary accent; as _pri´ma´ry_ for _pri´mary_, _ex´act´ly_
for _exact´ly_.
Pronounce the following: Gigan´tic, precise´ly, salva´tion, loca´tion,
vaca´tion, ter´ritory, sec´ondary, mat´rimony, prom´issory, vac´cinated.
30. In unaccented syllables do not bring out the quality of the vowel
too distinctly.
In many words, “there would be pedantry in scrupulously avoiding the
short and easier sounds which the organs are inclined to adopt.” For
instance, _cab´bage_ in common conversation might be _cab´bij_,
_pal´ace_, _pal´ăs_, etc.
a. When _a_ at the end of an unaccented syllable is followed in the next
syllable by _n_ or _r_, it has nearly the sound of short _e_, as in
_mis´cel-la-ny_, _cus´tom-a-ry_.
b. In the unaccented final syllable _ate_, of adjectives and nouns, the
vowel _a_ generally has a sound verging toward short _e_, as in
_del´i-cate_, _con-sum´mate_ (_adj_.).