+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| NAMES AND LINEAGE |Began|Years|L’gth| DEATH | CHARACTER |
| OF SOVEREIGNS | to | of | of | | |
| |Reign| Age |Reign| | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| ANGLO-SAXON KINGS |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EGBERT (775?-837)-- | 801| ...| 37|Natural |Possessed all the|
|Son of Alcmund, de- | | | |causes. |qualities re- |
|scended from Inigi- | | | | |quired in a |
|sil, brother to Ina, | | | | |warrior. |
|king of West Saxons. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ETHELWOLF (---- -358)| 838| ...| 20|Natural |Pious, wise, val-|
|--Son of Egbert. | | | |causes. |iant and clement.|
| | | | | |A lover of peace,|
| | | | | |and zealous for |
| | | | | |religion. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ETHELBALD--Son of | 858| ...| 2|Natural |Neither pious nor|
|Ethelwolf. | | | |causes. |valiant. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ETHELBERT--Son of | 860| ...| 6|Natural |Sweet-tempered, |
|Ethelwolf. | | | |causes. |wise, pious and |
| | | | | |valiant. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ETHELRED I. (871).-- | 866| ...| 6|Killed in the|Pious, valiant, |
|Brother to Ethelbert.| | | |battle of |prudent, and |
| | | | |Wittingham. |just. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ALFRED THE GREAT | 872| 22| 28|By a contrac-|A great sover- |
|(849-901).--Brother | | | |tion of the |eign, warrior, |
|to Ethelred, and son | | | |nerves. |legislator, poli-|
|of Ethelwolf. | | | | |tician and |
| | | | | |scholar. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD THE ELDER | 900| 17| 25|Natural |Equal to his |
|(870?-924).--Second | | | |causes. |father--his love |
|son of Alfred the | | | | |for learning and |
|Great. | | | | |lenity excepted. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ATHELSTAN (895?-941).| 925| 20| 16|Natural |Possessed uncom- |
|--Natural son of | | | |causes. |mon virtues; |
|Edward the Elder. | | | | |wise, valiant, |
| | | | | |and just. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDMUND THE PIOUS | 941| 25| 7|Assassinated |Pious, valiant |
|(923-946).--Eldest | | | |by Leolf, |and just, and |
|legitimate son of | | | |while feast- |much respected by|
|Edward the Elder. | | | |ing at |his people. |
| | | | |Puckle-kirk. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDRED (---- -955?).--| 948| 29| 7|Natural |Pious and val- |
|Second legitimate son| | | |causes. |iant, but too ob-|
|of Edward the Elder. | | | | |sequious to his |
| | | | | |council. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWY (939?-959).-- | 955| 17| 4|Died of grief|Hated the monks, |
|Eldest son of Edmund | | | |on brother |and persecuted |
|the Pious. | | | |being set up |them, which |
| | | | |in his stead.|caused a rebel- |
| | | | | |lion. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDGAR (943?-975).-- | 959| 13| 16|Natural |Pacific, active, |
|Brother to Edwy. | | | |causes. |wise, and indus- |
| | | | | |trious. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD THE MARTYR | 975| 15| 3|Assassinated |Amiable and |
|(961?-978).--Eldest | | | |by order of |sweet-tempered. |
|son of Edgar. | | | |his step- | |
| | | | |mother | |
| | | | |Elfrida. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|ETHELRED II. | 979| 12| 37|Natural |Cowardly, indo- |
|(_Sweyn_) (---- | | | |causes. |lent, and avari- |
|-1016).--Brother to | | | | |cious. |
|Edward the Martyr, | | | | | |
|and son of the beau- | | | | | |
|tiful Elfrida. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDMUND, IRONSIDE | 1016| 26| 1|Assassinated |Valiant and |
|(989-1017).--Eldest | | | |by order of |prudent. |
|son of Ethelred II. | | | |Edric. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| DANISH KINGS |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|CANUTE I. (995-1035).| 1017| ...| 19|Natural |A great king; |
|--Son of Sweyn, King | | | |causes. |humble, just, and|
|of Denmark. | | | | |truly religious. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HAROLD I. (1040- | 1036| 30| 3|Occasioned by|Impious, unjust, |
|----)--Second son of | | | |intemperance.|dissolute and |
|Canute I., by Queen | | | | |mean. |
|Alfwen. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|CANUTE II. (1019- | 1039| 29| 2|By excessive |To the vices of |
|1042).--Third son of | | | |eating. |Harold I., he |
|Canute I., by Emma of| | | | |added that of |
|Normandy. | | | | |cruelty. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| SAXON KINGS |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD THE CONFESSOR | 1041| 40| 24|Natural |Honored as a |
|(1004-1066).--Son of | | | |causes. |great saint; of a|
|Edmund Ironside. | | | | |mild and peaceful|
| | | | | |temper; was |
| | | | | |charitable, but |
| | | | | |had no great |
| | | | | |genius. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HAROLD II. (1022- | 1065| ...| 1|Killed in the|A valiant |
|1066).--Son of Earl | | | |battle of |warrior. |
|Godwin, by the eldest| | | |Hastings. | |
|daughter of Canute I.| | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| NORMAN KINGS |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR| 1066| 40| 21|Death occa- |Possessed great |
|(1027-1087).--Son of | | | |sioned by |bodily strength, |
|Robert, Duke of Nor- | | | |heat at the |a great soul and |
|mandy, by his mis- | | | |burning of |an elevated mind,|
|tress Harlotte. | | | |Mantes. |and a prodigious |
| | | | | |genius; and |
| | | | | |governed the En- |
| | | | | |glish with a |
| | | | | |heavy hand. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|WILLIAM RUFUS (1056- | 1087| 31| 13|Accidentally |Courageous and |
|1100).--Second son of| | | |shot by Sir |vicious to a high|
|William the Con- | | | |Walter |degree. |
|queror. | | | |Tyrrell, in | |
| | | | |New Forest. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY I. (1068-1135).| 1100| 32| 35|Death occa- |Handsome, brave, |
|--Brother of William | | | |sioned by |sober, cruel, |
|Rufus. | | | |eating too |avaricious, and |
| | | | |many |unclean. |
| | | | |lampreys. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|STEPHEN (1105-1154). | 1135| 31| 19|Natural |In person majes- |
|--Son of Stephen, | | | |causes. |tic; his air |
|Earl of Blois, and | | | | |placid and in- |
|Adela, daughter of | | | | |sinuating. Pos- |
|William the Con- | | | | |sessed great |
|queror. | | | | |courage, an ele- |
| | | | | |vated genius, and|
| | | | | |sound judgment. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| PLANTAGENETS |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY II. (1133- | 1154| 21| 35| Natural, be-|Brave, generous, |
|1189).--Eldest son of| | | |fore the High|magnificent, |
|Geoffrey, Earl of | | | |Altar at |clement, just, |
|Anjou, and of the Em-| | | |Chinon. |prudent, ambi- |
|press Maud. Heir to | | | | |tious, lustful, |
|Henry I. | | | | |and violent in |
| | | | | |anger. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|RICHARD I. (1157- | 1189| 33| 10|Killed by a |Brave to a high |
|1199).--Second son of| | | |cross-bowman,|degree; but pos- |
|Henry II. | | | |at the siege |sessed no other |
| | | | |of Chalus. |virtue. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|KING JOHN (1166- | 1199| 33| 17|Died of grief|Witty, hot-headed|
|1216).--Brother to | | | |for having |and hasty. After |
|Richard I. | | | |lost his rich|his first trans- |
| | | | |baggage. |ports, soft, in- |
| | | | | |dolent, fearful |
| | | | | |and wavering. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY III. (1207- | 1216| 9| 56|Natural |Inconstant, ca- |
|1272).--King John’s | | | |causes. |pricious and pro-|
|eldest son. | | | | |digal of his |
| | | | | |money; continent |
| | | | | |and averse to |
| | | | | |cruelty. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD I. (1239- | 1272| 33| 35|Natural |A good king and |
|1307).--Eldest son of| | | |causes. |father, a formi- |
|Henry III. | | | | |dable enemy, and |
| | | | | |a great captain; |
| | | | | |chaste, just, |
| | | | | |prudent and mode-|
| | | | | |rate. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD II. (1284- | 1307| 23| 20|Murdered by |Handsome shaped, |
|1327).--Eldest son of| | | |Gourney and |but had neither |
|Edward I. | | | |Maltravers at|the capacity of |
| | | | |Berkley |warrior, states- |
| | | | |Castle. |man, or man of |
| | | | | |genius. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD III. (1312- | 1327| 14| 50|Died of the |An excellent |
|1377).--Son of Edward| | | |St. Anthony’s|prince; gentle, |
|II. | | | |fire at |beneficent, and |
| | | | |Sheen. |valiant. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|RICHARD II. (1366- | 1377| 11| 22|Murdered by |Handsomest mon- |
|1400).--Son of Edward| | | |Exton, at |arch in the |
|the Black Prince, and| | | |Pontefract |world. Kind, mag-|
|grandson of Edward | | | |Castle, by |nificent, soft, |
|III. | | | |order of |timid, of little |
| | | | |Henry IV. |genius, and a |
| | | | | |slave to his |
| | | | | |favorites. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF LANCASTER |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY IV. (1366?- | 1399| 32| 14|Died of a |Courageous, pru- |
|1413).--Son of John | | | |dropsy. |dent, vigilant, |
|of Gaunt, and grand- | | | | |and extremely |
|son of Edward III. | | | | |jealous of his |
| | | | | |throne, which he |
| | | | | |obtained by un- |
| | | | | |warrantable |
| | | | | |means. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY V. (1388-1422).| 1413| 24| 9|Natural |A good soldier |
|--Eldest son of Henry| | | |causes. |and politician; |
|IV. | | | | |had an elevated |
| | | | | |genius; was ex- |
| | | | | |tremely ambi- |
| | | | | |tious, and in- |
| | | | | |clined to cruel- |
| | | | | |ty. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY VI. (1421- | 1422| 9 m.| 39|Dethroned. |Just, chaste, |
|1471).--Son of Henry | | | |Afterwards |temperate, pious |
|V. | | | |killed, by |and patient; but |
| | | | |order of Ed- |had a weak mind. |
| | | | |ward IV. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF YORK |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD IV. (1441- | 1461| 19| 22|Death occa- |One of the hand- |
|1483).--Son of | | | |sioned by ex-|somest men in |
|Richard, Duke of | | | |cessive |England, but |
|York; descendant of | | | |eating. |after crowned was|
|Edward III. | | | | |a voluptuary. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD V. (1470- | 1483| 12| 2 m.|Smothered by |... |
|1483).--Eldest son of| | | |order of | |
|Edward IV. | | | |Richard, Duke| |
| | | | |of Glouces- | |
| | | | |ter. | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|RICHARD III. (1452- | 1483| 30| 2|Killed in the|Small, ugly and |
|1485).--Brother to | | | |battle of |crooked backed; |
|Edward IV. | | | |Bosworth |dissembling and |
| | | | |Field. |cruel, yet saga- |
| | | | | |cious and brave. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF TUDOR |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY VII. (1457- | 1485| 28| 24|By consump- |A wise and able |
|1509).--Son of | | | |tion. |prince; pious, |
|Margaret, Countess of| | | | |chaste, temperate|
|Richmond; descendant | | | | |and just; but in-|
|of John of Gaunt. | | | | |satiably covet- |
| | | | | |ous. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|HENRY VIII. (1491- | 1509| 18| 38|Natural |Comely, but very |
|1547).--Second son of| | | |causes. |corpulent; brave,|
|Henry VII. | | | | |candid and liber-|
| | | | | |al; versed in |
| | | | | |music, philoso- |
| | | | | |phy, and divini- |
| | | | | |ty; yet was cruel|
| | | | | |and presumptuous.|
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD VI. (1537- | 1547| 9| 6|Of a consump-|Sweet tempered, |
|1553).--Son of Henry | | | |tion. |and had a great |
|VIII., by Jane | | | | |genius. |
|Seymour. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|QUEEN MARY (1516- | 1553| 38| 5|Of a dropsy. |Small capacity, |
|1558).--Daughter of | | | | |bigoted, revenge-|
|Henry VIII., by | | | | |ful and cruel. |
|Catharine of Aragon. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|QUEEN ELIZABETH | 1558| 25| 45|Natural |Tolerably hand- |
|(1533-1603).-- | | | |causes. |some; had a noble|
|Daughter of Henry | | | | |air, and great |
|VIII., by Anne | | | | |affability; cele-|
|Boleyn. | | | | |brated for her |
| | | | | |wit, judgment, |
| | | | | |economy, policy, |
| | | | | |sincerity, jus- |
| | | | | |tice, liberality,|
| | | | | |and magnificence.|
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF STUART |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|JAMES I. (1566-1625).| 1603| 37| 22|Of an ague. |Learned and pa- |
|--Son of Mary, Queen | | | | |cific, but |
|of Scots, and Henry | | | | |wavering and un- |
|Stuart, Lord Darnley;| | | | |determined. |
|and great-grandson of| | | | | |
|Margaret, daughter of| | | | | |
|Henry VII. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|CHARLES I. (1600- | 1625| 25| 24|Beheaded near|Religious, sober,|
|1649).--Third son of | | | |the windows |chaste, affable |
|James I. | | | |of the |and courageous; |
| | | | |banqueting |had great pene- |
| | | | |house, White-|tration and judg-|
| | | | |hall. |ment, but too |
| | | | | |fond of preroga- |
| | | | | |tive. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|COMMONWEALTH declared| 1649| ...| 11|... |... |
|May 19. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF STUART |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|CHARLES II. (1630- | 1660| 29| 25|Supposed to |Extremely liberal|
|1685).--Eldest son of| | | |have been |and affable; had |
|Charles I. | | | |poisoned. |a sprightly and |
| | | | | |witty genius, and|
| | | | | |a wonderful con- |
| | | | | |ception. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|JAMES II. (1633- | 1685| 52| 3|Natural, |A kind father, |
|1701).--Brother to | | | |having abdi- |husband and |
|Charles II. | | | |cated the |master; more |
| | | | |throne. |pious than reso- |
| | | | | |lute, and too |
| | | | | |submissive to his|
| | | | | |ministers. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|WILLIAM (1650-1702) | 1688|W. 37|W. 14|Mary died of |Mary, pious and |
|and MARY (1662-1694).| |M. 26|M. 6|the smallpox;|amiable; had an |
|--William, Prince of | | | |William, by a|air of grandeur, |
|Orange, (Holland). | | | |fall from his|without pride or |
|Mary, eldest daughter| | | |horse. |affectation. |
|of James II., by Anne| | | | |William, not |
|Hyde. | | | | |comely in person,|
| | | | | |had a great |
| | | | | |genius, was a |
| | | | | |good statesman |
| | | | | |and warrior. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|QUEEN ANNE (1685- | 1702| 37| 12|Natural |In private life, |
|1714).--Second | | | |causes. |virtuous, chari- |
|daughter of King | | | | |table and pious; |
|James II., and con- | | | | |as a sovereign, |
|sort of George, | | | | |easy, kind and |
|Prince of Denmark. | | | | |generous. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF HANOVER |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|GEORGE I. (1660- | 1714| 54| 13|Died of a |Unostentatious |
|1727).--Eldest son of| | | |lethargic |and familiar; a |
|Ernest Augustus, Duke| | | |disorder, at |circumspect gen- |
|of Brunswick, and | | | |Osnaburg. |eral; a wise and |
|Princess Sophia, | | | | |virtuous prince. |
|daughter of Frederick| | | | | |
|V., of Bohemia. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|GEORGE II. (1683- | 1727| 44| 34|Died instant-|Well-shaped, fair|
|1760).--Only son of | | | |ly, by a sud-|complexion; |
|George I., by | | | |den rupture |hasty, of moder- |
|Dorothy, daughter and| | | |of the heart,|ate abilities, |
|heiress of the Duke | | | |while in good|humane, liberal, |
|of Zell. | | | |health. |temperate, and a |
| | | | | |scientific |
| | | | | |warrior. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|GEORGE III. (1738- | 1760| 22| 59|By the gradu-|His figure |
|1820).--Eldest son of| | | |al exhaustion|uniting strength |
|Frederick and | | | |of nature, |and comeliness; |
|Augusta, Prince and | | | |having been |his manners un- |
|Princess of Wales, | | | |in state of |assuming and |
|and grandson of | | | |continual |liberal; hair |
|George II. | | | |mental de- |light flaxen, |
| | | | |rangement for|eyes grey, eye- |
| | | | |nine years. |brows white, of |
| | | | | |moderate genius, |
| | | | | |and very pious. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|GEORGE IV. (1762- | 1820| 58| 9|... |... |
|1830).--Eldest son of| | | | | |
|George III., by his | | | | | |
|consort, Charlotte of| | | | | |
|Mecklenburg. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|WILLIAM IV. (1765- | 1830| 65| 7|Natural |A man of homely |
|1837).--Third son of | | | |causes. |talents, immoral,|
|George III. | | | | |tactless, but |
| | | | | |good hearted. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|QUEEN VICTORIA (1819-| 1837| 18| 64|Natural |A sagacious |
|1901).--Daughter of | | | |causes. |ruler, jealous of|
|Edward, fourth son of| | | | |her royal pre- |
|George III., and | | | | |rogative, persis-|
|Victoria Maria | | | | |tent, self- |
|Louisa, daughter of | | | | |devoted, but |
|Francis, duke of | | | | |greatly beloved. |
|Saxe-Coburg. | | | | | |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
| HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|EDWARD VII. (1841- | 1901| 60| 9|Natural |Lacked political |
|1910).--Son of | | | |causes. |training, but |
|Victoria and Prince | | | | |cultivated the |
|Albert of Saxe-Coburg| | | | |arts of peace. |
|and Gotha. | | | | |Popular, but |
| | | | | |lacking in moral |
| | | | | |force. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
|GEORGE V. (1865- | 1910| 45| ...|... |Without political|
|----).--Son of Edward| | | | |training; like |
|VII. and Queen | | | | |his father, his |
|Alexandra, daughter | | | | |foreign policy |
|of Christian IX. of | | | | |almost wholly in |
|Denmark. | | | | |the hands of a |
| | | | | |powerful minis- |
| | | | | |try. Personally a|
| | | | | |notable sportsman|
| | | | | |and popular. |
+---------------------+-----+-----+-----+-------------+-----------------+
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| NAMES AND LINEAGE | PRINCIPAL | CHIEF | EVENTS OF |
| OF SOVEREIGNS | STATESMEN | WARRIORS | REIGN |
| | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| ANGLO-SAXON KINGS |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EGBERT (775?-837)-- |... |The king.-- |The kingdoms of |
|Son of Alcmund, de- | |Ethelwolf.-- |the Heptarchy |
|scended from Inigi- | |Kenneth. |united, and take |
|sil, brother to Ina, | | |the name of En- |
|king of West Saxons. | | |gland. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ETHELWOLF (---- -358)|Athelstan. |Wolfhere.-- |Tithes instituted;|
|--Son of Egbert. | |Ethelhelm.-- |London plundered |
| | |Ceorle. |by the Danes; En- |
| | | |gland becomes |
| | | |tributary to the |
| | | |Holy See. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ETHELBALD--Son of |Swithun, Bishop |Osric. |Scots defeated by |
|Ethelwolf. |of Winchester. | |the Britons. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ETHELBERT--Son of |... |The king. |Winchester burnt |
|Ethelwolf. | | |by the Danes. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ETHELRED I. (871).-- |... |Young Alfred. |Battles of Aston |
|Brother to Ethelbert.| | |and Basing--York |
| | | |taken. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ALFRED THE GREAT |... |The king.-- |University of Ox- |
|(849-901).--Brother | |Oddune, earl of|ford founded. |
|to Ethelred, and son | |Devonshire. |Juries instituted.|
|of Ethelwolf. | | |England divided |
| | | |into shires, |
| | | |tithings and |
| | | |and hundreds. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD THE ELDER |... |The king. |Northumberland and|
|(870?-924).--Second | | |East Anglia united|
|son of Alfred the | | |to the crown. Uni-|
|Great. | | |versity of Cam- |
| | | |bridge founded. |
| | | |Battles of Tems- |
| | | |ford and Malden. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ATHELSTAN (895?-941).|Turketul, Chan- |Guy of Warwick.|Constantine III. |
|--Natural son of |cellor. | |of Scotland and |
|Edward the Elder. | | |six Irish and |
| | | |Welsh kings killed|
| | | |at battle of |
| | | |Brunanburh. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDMUND THE PIOUS |... |The king. |Cumberland and |
|(923-946).--Eldest | | |Westmoreland given|
|legitimate son of | | |up to Malcolm, |
|Edward the Elder. | | |king of Scotland. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDRED (---- -955?).--|Aldheim, Arch- |The king. |Northumbrian Danes|
|Second legitimate son|bishop of | |reduced. |
|of Edward the Elder. |Canterbury. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWY (939?-959).-- |Odo, Archbishop |Prince Edgar. |Rebellion of the |
|Eldest son of Edmund |of Canterbury. | |Mercians. |
|the Pious. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDGAR (943?-975).-- |Ethelwold. |... |King of Wales, |
|Brother to Edwy. | | |Ireland and the |
| | | |Isle of Man, |
| | | |recognize Edgar |
| | | |for their sover- |
| | | |eign. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD THE MARTYR |Dustan. |... |... |
|(961?-978).--Eldest | | | |
|son of Edgar. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|ETHELRED II. |Siricius, Arch- |Prince Edmund. |Arabic figures in-|
|(_Sweyn_) (---- |bishop of |Alfric. |troduced. Sweyn, |
|-1016).--Brother to |Canterbury. | |king of Denmark, |
|Edward the Martyr, | | |conquers England. |
|and son of the beau- | | | |
|tiful Elfrida. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDMUND, IRONSIDE |Edric, Earl of |... |Massacre of the |
|(989-1017).--Eldest |Wilts. | |Danes. England di-|
|son of Ethelred II. | | |vided between |
| | | |dward and Canute |
| | | |I. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| DANISH KINGS |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|CANUTE I. (995-1035).|Thurkell, Duke |Godwin, Earl of|Parents prohibited|
|--Son of Sweyn, King |of East Anglia. |Kent. |selling their |
|of Denmark. |--Urick, Duke of| |children. End of |
| |Northumberland. | |the Danish war of |
| | | |two hundred years.|
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HAROLD I. (1040- |Earl Godwin. |Godwin, Earl of|Paper first used |
|----)--Second son of | |Kent. |in England. |
|Canute I., by Queen | | | |
|Alfwen. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|CANUTE II. (1019- |Earl Godwin. |Leofric, Duke |... |
|1042).--Third son of | |of Mercia. | |
|Canute I., by Emma of| | | |
|Normandy. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| SAXON KINGS |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD THE CONFESSOR |Robert, Arch- |Siward, Duke of|Common law of En- |
|(1004-1066).--Son of |bishop of |Northumberland.|gland established.|
|Edmund Ironside. |Canterbury-- | |Westminster Abbey |
| |Harold. | |founded. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HAROLD II. (1022- |Morcar, Earl of |Gurth and |Battle of |
|1066).--Son of Earl |Northumberland. |Leofwin, the |Hastings, Norman |
|Godwin, by the eldest| |king’s |conquest. |
|daughter of Canute I.| |brothers. | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| NORMAN KINGS |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR|Odo, Bishop of |Malcolm, King |Tower of London |
|(1027-1087).--Son of |Bayeaux. |of Scotland. |built. Doomsday |
|Robert, Duke of Nor- |Fitzosborne, | |book. Bishoprics |
|mandy, by his mis- |Earl of | |created. |
|tress Harlotte. |Hereford. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|WILLIAM RUFUS (1056- |Herbert-- |Earl of |First Holy War. |
|1100).--Second son of|Lozinga. |Northumberland |Westminster Hall |
|William the Con- | |--Duke of |built. Reduction |
|queror. | |Normandy. |of the Welsh. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY I. (1068-1135).|Archbishop |Earl of |Normandy con- |
|--Brother of William |Anselm. Bishop |Flanders. |quered. First |
|Rufus. |of Salisbury. | |Parliament. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|STEPHEN (1105-1154). |William of |Earl of |Canon law intro- |
|--Son of Stephen, |Ypres. |Gloucester. |duced. |
|Earl of Blois, and | | | |
|Adela, daughter of | | | |
|William the Con- | | | |
|queror. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| PLANTAGENETS |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY II. (1133- |Thomas à Becket,|Strongbow, Earl|King takes posses-|
|1189).--Eldest son of|Lord Chancellor.|of Pembroke. |sion of Ireland. |
|Geoffrey, Earl of | | |Judicial circuits |
|Anjou, and of the Em-| | |established. |
|press Maud. Heir to | | | |
|Henry I. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|RICHARD I. (1157- |Bishop of Durham|The king, sur- |London divided in-|
|1199).--Second son of|--Longchamp, |named Cœur de |to companies. King|
|Henry II. |Bishop of Ely. |Lion. |joins the Crusade.|
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|KING JOHN (1166- |Archbishop of |Prince Arthur. |Phillip II. of |
|1216).--Brother to |Hubert, Chancel-| |France takes pos- |
|Richard I. |lor. | |session of |
| | | |Normandy. War with|
| | | |the barons. Magna |
| | | |Charta signed. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY III. (1207- |William, Earl of|Simon, Earl of |Intestine wars. |
|1272).--King John’s |Pembroke, Hugh |Leicester. |Westminster Abbey |
|eldest son. |de Burgh, Bishop|Prince Edward. |rebuilt. |
| |of Winchester. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD I. (1239- |Giffard, Arch- |Llewellyn, |Wales united to |
|1307).--Eldest son of|bishop of York. |Prince of |England. Mariner’s|
|Henry III. | |Wales. |compass invented. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD II. (1284- |Pierce Gaveston |Guy, Earl of |King abdicates the|
|1327).--Eldest son of|--Hugh de |Warwick. |throne. Courts of |
|Edward I. |Spencer. | |Nisi Prius es- |
| | | |tablished. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD III. (1312- |Mortimer, Earl |Edward, the |Battles of Cressy |
|1377).--Son of Edward|of March. |Black Prince-- |and Poictiers. |
|II. | |Sir Richard |Order of the |
| | |Knowles. |Garter instituted.|
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|RICHARD II. (1366- |Richard de Vere,|H. Percy, sur- |Wat Tyler’s insur-|
|1400).--Son of Edward|Duke of Ireland.|named Hotspur--|rection. King de- |
|the Black Prince, and|A. Neville, |John of Gaunt. |posed. |
|grandson of Edward |Archbishop of | | |
|III. |York. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF LANCASTER |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY IV. (1366?- |R. Neville, Earl|Sir John |Battle of |
|1413).--Son of John |of Westmoreland.|Oldcastle. |Shrewsbury. |
|of Gaunt, and grand- | | | |
|son of Edward III. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY V. (1388-1422).|Beaufort, Duke |Duke of |Battle of |
|--Eldest son of Henry|of Exeter. |Gloucester, |Agincourt. Siege |
|IV. | |Wodehouse Gam. |of Rouen. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY VI. (1421- |Humphrey, Duke |Joan of Arc, |Battles of |
|1471).--Son of Henry |of Gloucester, |Duke of |Crevant, Verneuil,|
|V. |Duke of Suffolk,|Bedford, Lord |St. Albans, and |
| |Duke of |Talbot, R. |Towton. Siege of |
| |Somerset. |Neville, Earl |Orleans. |
| | |of Warwick. | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF YORK |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD IV. (1441- |Earl Rivers. |Admiral Coulon.|Printing first in |
|1483).--Son of | | |use. |
|Richard, Duke of | | | |
|York; descendant of | | | |
|Edward III. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD V. (1470- |Richard, Duke of|Lord Hastings. |Richard’s usurpa- |
|1483).--Eldest son of|Gloucester. | |tion. |
|Edward IV. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|RICHARD III. (1452- |Lord Stanley. |Henry, Earl of |Battle of Bosworth|
|1485).--Brother to | |Richmond. Duke |Field. |
|Edward IV. | |of Buckingham. | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF TUDOR |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY VII. (1457- |Cardinal Morton,|Lord Lovell. |Discovery of |
|1509).--Son of |Sir Edward | |America. |
|Margaret, Countess of|Poynings. | | |
|Richmond; descendant | | | |
|of John of Gaunt. | | | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|HENRY VIII. (1491- |Cardinal Wolsey,|Duke of Norfolk|The Reformation. |
|1547).--Second son of|Sir Thomas More,|--Earl of |Monasteries dis- |
|Henry VII. |Fox, Cromwell. |Surrey. |solved. |
| | |Lord Maxwell. | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD VI. (1537- |Seymour, Duke of|Lord Russell. |Religious insur- |
|1553).--Son of Henry |Somerset-- | |rection. |
|VIII., by Jane |Dudley, Earl of | | |
|Seymour. |Warwick. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|QUEEN MARY (1516- |Gardiner, Chan- |Duke of Savoy. |Catholic religion |
|1558).--Daughter of |cellor. | |restored. |
|Henry VIII., by | | | |
|Catharine of Aragon. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|QUEEN ELIZABETH |Robert Dudley, |Admiral Howard |Mary Queen of |
|(1533-1603).-- |Sir Nicholas |--Sir Francis |Scots executed. |
|Daughter of Henry |Bacon, Lord |Drake. Sir F. |Spanish Armada |
|VIII., by Anne |Burleigh. |Vere. Sir P. |destroyed. Protes-|
|Boleyn. | |Sidney. |tant religion re- |
| | | |stored. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF STUART |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|JAMES I. (1566-1625).|Robert Car, Earl|Sir Horace |Union of the |
|--Son of Mary, Queen |of Somerset. |Vere. |crowns of England |
|of Scots, and Henry |George Villiers,| |and Scotland. Gun-|
|Stuart, Lord Darnley;|Duke of Bucking-| |powder plot. |
|and great-grandson of|ham. Earl of | | |
|Margaret, daughter of|Salisbury. | | |
|Henry VII. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|CHARLES I. (1600- |Earls of Port- |Earl of Essex. |Battles of Edge |
|1649).--Third son of |land and Straf- |Sir T. Fairfax,|Hill, Tadcaster |
|James I. |ford--Laud, |Earl of |and Gisborough. |
| |Archbishop of |Manchester. | |
| |Canterbury. | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|COMMONWEALTH declared|Oliver Cromwell.|Admiral Blake, |Charles I. be- |
|May 19. | |General Monk. |headed. Royal |
| | | |power usurped. |
| | | |Battle of Dunbar. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF STUART |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|CHARLES II. (1630- |Earl of Claren- |Duke of York. |Restoration of |
|1685).--Eldest son of|don. |Earl of |monarchy. Plague |
|Charles I. | |Sandwich. |and fire in |
| | | |London. Royal So- |
| | | |ciety founded. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|JAMES II. (1633- |Chancellor |Duke of |King abdicates the|
|1701).--Brother to |Jeffries. |Monmouth. |throne. Revolu- |
|Charles II. | | |tion. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|WILLIAM (1650-1702) |Earl of Sunder- |Russell, |Bank of England |
|and MARY (1662-1694).|land. Earl of |Shovel, Ginkle.|established. Siege|
|--William, Prince of |Tankerville. | |of Namur. Battles |
|Orange, (Holland). | | |of Boyne and La |
|Mary, eldest daughter| | |Hogue. Treaty of |
|of James II., by Anne| | |Ryswick. |
|Hyde. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|QUEEN ANNE (1685- |Lords Godolphin |Duke of |Battles of Blen- |
|1714).--Second |and Cowper--Earl|Marlboro’--Sir |heim and Ramilles.|
|daughter of King |of Oxford. |G. Rook, Ormund|Scotch union. |
|James II., and con- |Harcourt. |--Benbow. | |
|sort of George, |Bollingbroke. | | |
|Prince of Denmark. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF HANOVER |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|GEORGE I. (1660- |Dukes of New- |Earl of Mar. |Insurrection in |
|1727).--Eldest son of|castle and |Duke of Argyle.|favor of the Pre- |
|Ernest Augustus, Duke|Devonshire. |Lord Cobham. |tender. Septennial|
|of Brunswick, and |Lords Townsend | |parliament. |
|Princess Sophia, |and Carteret. | | |
|daughter of Frederick| | | |
|V., of Bohemia. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|GEORGE II. (1683- |Sir R. Walpole. |Duke of Cumber-|New style intro- |
|1760).--Only son of |Mr. Sandys. Earl|land. Lord |duced. Battles of |
|George I., by |of Huntington. |Anson. Earl of |Dettingen, |
|Dorothy, daughter and|Duke of Bedford.|Stair. Gen. |Culloden, and |
|heiress of the Duke | |Wolfe. |Minden. Peace of |
|of Zell. | | |Aix La Chapelle. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|GEORGE III. (1738- |Chatham. North, |Rodney, Howe, |French and Ameri- |
|1820).--Eldest son of|Pitt, Fox. |Abercrombie-- |can Revolutions. |
|Frederick and | |Nelson, |Union with Ire- |
|Augusta, Prince and | |Wellington. |land. Battles of |
|Princess of Wales, | | |Leipsic and |
|and grandson of | | |Waterloo. |
|George II. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|GEORGE IV. (1762- |... |... |... |
|1830).--Eldest son of| | | |
|George III., by his | | | |
|consort, Charlotte of| | | |
|Mecklenburg. | | | |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|WILLIAM IV. (1765- |Lord John |... |Reform Bill passed|
|1837).--Third son of |Russell, Robert | |by Parliament. Mu-|
|George III. |Peel, Lord | |nicipal Corpora- |
| |Melbourne. | |tions Act. Estab- |
| | | |lishment of the |
| | | |University of |
| | | |London. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|QUEEN VICTORIA (1819-|Lord Palmerston,|Generals |Crimean war, |
|1901).--Daughter of |Lord Derby, |Gordon, |Indian Mutiny, |
|Edward, fourth son of|Disraeli, |Roberts, |Zulu war, Boer |
|George III., and |Gladstone, |Kitchener. |war, Home Rule |
|Victoria Maria |Rosebury, | |agitation. Austra-|
|Louisa, daughter of |Salisbury. | |lian Commonwealth |
|Francis, duke of | | |bill. Imperialism |
|Saxe-Coburg. | | |strengthened. |
| | | |Marked literary |
| | | |achievements. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|EDWARD VII. (1841- |... |Lord Roberts, |King Edward and |
|1910).--Son of | |General |his Ministers were|
|Victoria and Prince | |Kitchener. |influential in es-|
|Albert of Saxe-Coburg| | |tablishing the |
|and Gotha. | | |Triple Entente, |
| | | |including England,|
| | | |France and Russia.|
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
|GEORGE V. (1865- |Asquith, Lloyd- |Kitchener, |England the lead- |
|----).--Son of Edward|George, Cecil. |French, Haig. |ing and directing |
|VII. and Queen | | |power of the |
|Alexandra, daughter | | |Entente in the |
|of Christian IX. of | | |Great European war|
|Denmark. | | |against the |
| | | |Germanic Allies. |
+---------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+