half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, not sulcate,
silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on
enlarged, woody, crenate calyx.
Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Fertangul).
=C. Rothii= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB &
INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL (White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI
(Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT
(Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG (Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH
(Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk.
Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, up to 3 in. long.
Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style arms club-shaped. Fruit
ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged calyx.
Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.
Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood and used as a
substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet pulp and is eaten.
The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes from wounds.
600 =Ehretia Braunii= _Vatke._
Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves alt., oval or
obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in scorpioid cymose
panicles; cor. white, tipped purple, ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens 4-7;
style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe.
Mongalla Prov.
=E. Stuhlmannii= _Gürke._ OWI—Bari.
Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. broad, oval, acute
or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent beneath. Cymes long-
peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. 5-merous; cor. tube minute,
lobes reflexed, white; stamens long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the
middle. Drupe small, globose.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging).
601 =Coldenia procumbens= _Linn._ YAKADI—Bari.
Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, plicate, 1 in.
long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or upper ones in secund
spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. Fr. mitre-like, depressed-
globose, ⅙ in. diam., glandular-hairy.
Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.
(Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur
Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, rubbed to a fine
powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes them to suppurate. The
fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to rheumatic swelling.
602 =Heliotropium supinum= _Linn._ GHUBEYRA—Arab.
Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or oblong, crenate, up
to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked scorpioid spikes, 5-merous,
small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx.
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile
Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel).
=H. undulatum= _Vahl._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ in. long, undulate.
Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose,
sub-2-winged, nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
=H. rariflorum= _Stocks._
Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., linear, small, sessile,
bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. minute; nutlets 4, hispid.
Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces.
Administered externally and internally for snake-bite.
=H. strigosum= _Willd._
Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or
linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long;
fl. minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat,
Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol &
Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands);
Mongalla Prov.
Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an
application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum-
boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers.
=H. Steudneri= _Vatke._
Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate-
lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous,
minute; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
=H. longiflorum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or
9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg).
=H. zeylanicum= _Lam._ UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.
Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long,
with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in.
long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.
Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces.
=H. indicum= _Linn._
Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate,
up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually
simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply
2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.
Fung Prov.
=H. pallens= _Del._
Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2
in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy
panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer);
Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.
(Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.
=H. ovalifolium= _Forsk._ RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra
El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or
elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long;
calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid.
Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.;
Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to
Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
=H. europæum= _Linn._ KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.
Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal.
Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy;
nutlets 4, rugose.
Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).
Eaten by goats.
=H. pterocarpum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._
Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped
on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes
free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in
pairs, winged.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).
=H. arbainense= _Fresen._
Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt.,
ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx
glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous.
Coast of Nubia.
603 =Trichodesma physaloides= _A. DC._
Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually
opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white
tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax;
calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to
1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or
blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land).
=T. africanum= _R. Br._ HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up
to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both
surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with
5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical
twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov.
(North).
The leaves are used as diuretic.
=T. Bentii= _Baker_ & _C. H. Wright._
Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long,
bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal;
fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers
pilose on back, spirally awned.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000
ft.).
=T. zeylanicum= _R. Br._
Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., oblong-lanceolate,
1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based hairs. Cymes lax,
terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. diam.; anthers awned;
nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal
Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra:
Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.).
Emollient poultices are made from the leaves.
604 =Cynoglossum Hochstetteri= _Vatke._
Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper sessile. Racemes lax, few-
flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, small, throat with scales inside;
nutlets 4 with hooked spines on margins and up the centre.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to 3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin,
Erkowit, Has Has).
=C. lanceolatum= _Forsk._
Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate,
4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous,
minute; cor. white, sometimes blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales;
nuts 4, covered with hooked spines.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
605 =Echinochilon fruticosum= _Desf._
Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long.
Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4.
Nubia (coast-land).
606 =Arnebia hispidissima= _DC._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. Stem-leaves lanceolate,
sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. Spikes dense, finally
elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ in. long; nuts 4.
Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.;
Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov.
607 =Echium Rauwolfii= _Del._
Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small,
sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves
oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor.
blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining.
Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani
& Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).
=E. longifolium= _Del._ KAHALI—Arab.
Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical
leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙
in. diam., ovoid, rugose.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi
Mahas).
=E. arenarium= _Guss._
Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate.
Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up
to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar);
Fung Prov. (Roseires).
=SOLANACEÆ.=
608 =Solanum æthiopicum= _Linn._ GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab.
Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes
umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving
into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry
globose, pale red.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic.
=S. nodiflorum= _Jacq._ HARSH (Kaka)—Arab.
Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above
the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores
large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black.
Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White
Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land);
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink.
=S. nigrum= _Linn._ ENAB EL DIB—Arab.
Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate-
dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate,
white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in.
diam., black, rarely red or yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum,
Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an
article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic
inflammation of the liver.
=S. schimperianum= _Hochst._
Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long.
Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly
½ in. diam.
Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).
=S. albicaule= _Kotschy._
Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts with white stellate
tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly lobed, 1½ in.
long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½
in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.
Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan.
=S. hastifolium= _Hochst._
Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more or less pinnately
lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral and terminal, solitary
or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; cor. lobes under ½ in. long.
Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam.
Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.;
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Bor).
=S. anomalum= _Thonn._
Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, branches, petioles and
along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, ovate-oblong,
pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate.
Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. diam.
Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).
=S. aculeatissimum= _Jacq._
Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on stems, branches,
upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, interspersed in the
younger parts with stiff bristles as also on leaves. Leaves solitary or
geminate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in.
long; petiole 1 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl.
5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam.,
smooth, orange.
Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).
=S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi= _Dunal._
Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, branches, petiole and
midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9
lobed, up to 5 in. long, stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra-
axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam.
Berry size of a cherry, yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib Assad); Fung Prov.
(Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu
Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El
Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.
=S. dubium= _Fresen._ GUBEIN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves
alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. violet.
Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, enclosed in spiny calyx.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.;
Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. (J. Berkin).
The plant is pounded and put into water in which hides are soaking to
assist the removal of the hair.
=S. incanum= _Linn._ GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; TELELEH—Bari;
DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka.
Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; branches, leaves and
calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 in. long, sinuate. Fl.
solitary or few together; cor. purple or white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr.
subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Fung
Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur
Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza).
The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is said to be edible.
=S. hybridum= _Jacq._
Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, sinuate or entire, 3 in.
long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced to a single flower; fl.
5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in.
diam., orange-red.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
=S. cerasiferum= _Dunal._
Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves
oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; 5-merous; cor.
violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. Berry subglobose,
yellow.
Fung Prov.
=S. Melongena= _Linn._ BEDINGAN—Arab; JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine.
Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is cooked as a
vegetable.
=S. duplosinuatum= _Klotzsch._
Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny and stellate-hairy.
Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad. Cymes racemose,
few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in.
diam., white, streaked with green.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
=S. campylacanthum= _Hochst._
Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on stem and midribs of
leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to oval, entire or shallowly
sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately hairy on both surfaces. Cymes
extra-axillary, few-flowered, 5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry
globose, 1 in. diam.
Darfur Prov.
=S. pruinosum var. pilosulum= _Dunal._
Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in.
long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 flowered, hairy on peduncles and
flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a
pea.
Fung Prov.
=S. sp.?= HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa.
Unarmed shrub.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
609 =Physalis minima= _Linn._
Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, acuminate, entire
or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, 5-merous; calyx
campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. diam.; cor. yellow, ¼
in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land);
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole).
=P. angulata= _Linn._ =var.=
Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in fruit.
Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).
610 =Capsicum frutescens= _Linn._ SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab;
RARIA—Zande. Red Pepper.
Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size.
Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry
spindle-shaped, red.
Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated).
=C. annuum= _Linn._ FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper.
Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear,
under 1½ in. long.
Cultivated in various parts.
Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also
dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper.
611 =Lycopersicum esculentum= _Mill._ BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab.
Tomato Plant.
Cultivated throughout the country.
612 =Withania somnifera= _Dun._ MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN,
FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa.
Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on
termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose.
Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much
enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼
in. diam.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe);
Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White
Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.
The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and
diuretic properties.
613 =Lycium persicum= _Miers._ SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa.
Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or
oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple,
¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet.
Red Sea Prov.
The scarlet berries are said to be eaten.
614 =Datura Stramonium= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The
Thorn-apple.
Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to
9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4
in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum
Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).
The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles
are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine.
=D. Metel= _Linn._
More pubescent; flowers larger than above.
Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
Poisonous; similar to _D. Stramonium_.
615 =Hyoscyamus muticus= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab.
Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long,
entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in
unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx
accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose.
Dongola Province.
A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and
Hyosine.
616 =Nicotiana Tabacum= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB &
TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.
Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves lanceolate to ovate,
lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle terminal; fl. 5-merous;
cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. Caps. conical.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper
White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur
Prov.
Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by the natives, and
are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely and yields heavily.
=N. rustica= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo.
Differs from above by smaller leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in
closer panicles.
Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.;
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov.
The principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and
chewing. The Nicotine content is low.
617 =Schwenkia americana= _Linn._
Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower ovate and petioled,
upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle lax, terminal; calyx
5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 upper longer, total length ⅓
in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land:
Nabambisso River).
Used as a fish poison on the West Coast.
=S. hirta= _Klotzsch._
Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ in. long. Panicle
large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale violet or yellow, lobes
equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
=CONVOLVULACEÆ.=
618 =Ipomœa verticillata= _Forsk._
Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, cordate-ovate, 1-2
in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, on axillary peduncles;
cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; midpetaline area well defined
as in all the genus. Capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam., glabrous.
Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov.
(Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
=I. eriocarpa= _R. Br._
Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to linear-oblong, 1-5 in.
long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, 5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in.
long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. ⅓ in. long. Capsule globose,
hairy, ¼ in. diam.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Khartoum
Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Fung
Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
=I. sulphurea= _Hochst._
Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1-2 in. long,
usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow,
¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.
Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi).
=I. curtipes= _Rendle._