The common hemp.
Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.
The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such
specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in
the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of
the official drug.
=CELASTRACEÆ.=
362 =Gymnosporia senegalensis= _Lam._ YO’OI or YOI—Arab;
GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba;
SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo.
Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to
linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary
dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea,
usually 2, sometimes 3-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung
Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.).
=var. obovata= _Loes._
Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
=var. inermis= _A. Rich._
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr
El Ghazal Prov.
=var. spinosa= _Loes._
Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).
The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for
angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El
Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery.
=G. cf. G. senegalensis= _Lam._
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse).
=G. sp.= HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.
Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
363 =Elæodendron æthiopicum= _Oliv._ =var. Burkeanum= _Loes._
Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above.
Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary
deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid,
apiculate drupe.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
=HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.=
364 =Hippocratea cymosa= _De Wild_ & _Dur._ =var. Schweinfurthiana=
_Loes._
Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long,
leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong-
oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli).
=H. obtusifolia= _Roxb._ LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo.
Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less
crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small,
bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous
carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).
365 =Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ= _Hochst._
Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much
reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit
baccate, 1-3 celled.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.
=S. sp.=
Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in.
long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye).
=SALVADORACEÆ.=
366 =Dobera Roxburghii= _Planch._ MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.
Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple,
coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white-
pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter
than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments
monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh);
Kordofan Prov.
The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.
367 =Salvadora persica= _Linn._ EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH &
LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk),
AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer;
OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.
Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous,
oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from
ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free.
Throughout the Sudan.
The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively
used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds
yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant.
The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful
in manufacture of varnish.
=OLACACEÆ.=
368 =Ximenia americana= _Linn._ KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA
(Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling),
DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur;
ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.
Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves
alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short-
stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in.
diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile,
Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and
close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is
eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric
troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood).
=OPILIACEÆ.=
369 =Opilia amentacea= _Roxb._ KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka;
ZEBALABA—Golo.
Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-
lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary,
bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.
Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El
Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov.
=LORANTHACEÆ.=
370 =Loranthus curviflorus= _Benth._
Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves opp. or alt.,
linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels solitary 4-6 flowered;
peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5
separate petals reflexed above the middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long,
inserted near base of petals. Fr. baccate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.).
=L. Acaciæ= _Zucc._ GULA (Blue Nile), ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA
or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) &
ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong to lanceol.-oblong,
1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Fl. 5-merous,
gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at base; lobes
reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of base.
Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad El Merakh); Berber
Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein);
Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. (Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba).
Good camel fodder. Host plants are _Cordia Rothii_, _Acacia Seyal_,
_Sesbania ægyptiaca_, _Tamarix articulata_, _Acacia Suma_, _Zizyphus
mucronata_.
=L. Dregei= _Eckl._ & _Zeyh._ =var. kerenicus= _Sprague._
Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate-oblong to
suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads axillary, fascicled, 2-4
flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; cor. 2 in. long, densely
silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes reflexed from ab. the middle;
anthers linear, 2-horned.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).
Parasitic on _Combretum Hartmannianum_.
=L. djurensis= _Engl._
Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 in. long.
Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube funnel-shaped, split down
one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. long, strap-shaped, separating
from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. long, inserted high up.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River).
=L. platyphyllus= _Hochst._
Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, lanceolate to
obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary 5-8 flowered; cor.
orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one side, shorter than lobes
which are erect, separating from below upwards.
Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District).
=L. globiferus= _A. Rich._ =var. verrucosus= _Sprague._ AMAU—Jur.
Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ in. long, thick.
Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. 1½ in. long, swollen
above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one side; cor. lobes ¼ in.
long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short.
Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar,
Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.;
Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
(Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Atem Branch at Jonglei).
The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal Province for making a
lotion for itch.
Host plants are _Khaya senegalensis_, _Zizyphus mucronata_, _Cratæva
religiosa_ and _Acacia tortilis_.
=var. salicifolius= _Sprague._
Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.)
Parasitic on a _Cordia_.
=L. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._
Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, cuneate
to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 flowered; cor. under 1½ in.
long, pilose outside, swollen at each end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down;
lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas).
Parasitic on _Ficus platyphylla_ Del.
=L. celtidifolius= _Engl._
Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves opp.
or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary or
ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both
ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon-
shaped; filam. toothed.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft).
=SANTALACEÆ.=
371 =Thesium Schweinfurthii= _Engl._
Spreading perennial, up to 9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves ab. ¾
in. long, linear, keeled. Infl. arranged raceme-like at ends of short
branches and subtended by ⅓ in. long bract and 2 small bracteoles; per.
minute, green, 4-5 lobed, valvate, hairy at tip; st. 4-5 small. Fr.
globose, 10-ribbed, minute.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Khor Mulmul).
=RHAMNACEÆ.=
372 =Zizyphus orthacantha= _DC._
Shrub or small tree, armed or unarmed. Leaves oblong to orbicular, 3-5
nerved from the base, glabrous above, shortly ferruginous-tomentose
below and on extremities. Flowers greenish, in small axillary cymes.
Fruit edible.
Kordofan Prov. (Masgul & J. Sungor); Upper Nile Prov. (Kodok).
=Z. abyssinica= _Hochst._
Differs from above in its broadly ovate, acute leaves, very oblique at
the base and 2-5 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas: Bongo-land:
Sabbi); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).
=Z. Spina-Christi= _Lam._ SIDDIR & NABAK—Arab; BUSA (fruit GHOT)—Hameg.
Very thorny shrub; prickles usually one straight and one recurved.
Leaves ovate to lanceolate, equal at the base, crenate-serrate, 1-3 in.
long. Fruit edible.
Khartoum Prov. (6th cataract); Blue Nile Prov. (Eilafun); North Sudan.
=Z. mucronata= _Willd._ SIDDIR, & NABBAK EL FIL—Arab; GABĀT &
TAGABA—Hadendowa; KASSLA—Rashida; KWAII (Dilling), TITTAWYI (J. Eliri) &
TINGRA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LĀNG—Shilluk; LANGI & LUKATI—Bari; LĀNG (Kaka &
Kenissa) or LĀNT (Kenissa) & LANF (Renk)—Dinka; BWAU—Nuer; OM
KURSAN—Hameg.
Small tree or large shrub, armed or unarmed. Leaves broadly ovate or
ovate-cordate mucronate, crenate-serrate. Cymes 10-20 flowered.
Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El
Arab); Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Provinces; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla
Prov.
The fruit is edible; the wood is light pink in colour, hard and durable.
373 =Mæsopsis sp.=
Tree 20 ft.; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves obovate, obtusely
acuminate, 4-4½ in. long, 2-2½ in. broad, glabrous. Young fruits
globose, small, with the style persistent.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=AMPELIDACEÆ (or VITACEÆ).=
374 =Ampelocissus abyssinica= _Hochst._
Woody climber; leaves 3-lobed, glabrous, rotundate-cordate.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River).
=A. cavicaulis= _Pl._
Leaves large, palmate to pedate-partite, 5 principal lobes reaching ⅔ or
¾ of the way down.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land: by the
Nabambisso River).
=A. pentaphylla= _Pl._
Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-5 partite, lobes linear, loosely
serrate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. & Madi).
=A. Grantii= _Pl._
Climber; leaves almost rotundate, slightly or deeply 5-lobed.
White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).
=A. Schimperiana= _Hochst._
Strong woody climber. Leaves large, slightly 5-lobed, rufous-villous
when young. Fruit oblong, edible.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
=A. cinnamochroa= _Pl._
Much like the preceding.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
=A. bombycina= _Pl._
Leaves distinctly 3-5 lobed with rounded sinuses; young shoots densely
silky-tomentose; stems herbaceous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).
=A. sarcocephala= _Pl._
Leaves 5-partite; segments lanceolate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
375 =Cissus populnea= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Leaves almost rotundate, undivided, slightly mucronate.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Dar Fertit).
Large creeper used for jungle ropes.
=C. bignonioides= _Schweinf._
Fairly large climber with corky stems; leaves ovate, cordate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River).
=C. rubiginosa= _Pl._ KISKI—Zande.
Leaves almost pentagonal, denticulate; leaves and shoots with dense
silky rusty tomentum.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kishi River).
=C. producta= _Afzel._ BULAKOLIN (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; YIAD—Jur.
Ascending undershrub or woody climber; leaves simple, lanceolate; joints
thickened.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
The tubers, which are spindle-shaped, are used by Dinkas against tse-tse
bites on animals, an emulsion of crushed tubers and water is rubbed over
the animals’ bodies and a small quantity is also given to them to drink
as a preventive.
=C. cornifolia= _Baker._
Sub-erect undershrub, densely ferruginous when young. Leaves 3-nerved,
palmate or ovate.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (near J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel
(Madi).
Fruit edible.
=C. quadrangularis= _Linn._ SALA’ALA’A or SALALA—Arab; METOWI—Rashida;
KĀT-UT—Hadendowa; ATETE (J. Daier) & ULGYIN (Dilling)—Nuba;
MOJUNGI—Bari; ARENG (L. Powendael), & ARNIK (Kenissa & Renk)—Dinka;
MEREKOTI—Golo; MERISH—Hameg; MUNDA—Burun; DEUGANAI—Nuer.
Climber with fleshy quadrangular stem, leafless part of the year. Leaves
ovate to 3-lobed.
Throughout the greater part of the Sudan, especially Nubia.
A preserve of stem, boiled in water, is said to be a useful stomachic.
The juice is used by camel-men to cleanse and heal saddle-galls, and
other sores of camels. In the Bahr El Ghazal it is said to be used for
poisoning arrows.
=C. palmatifida= _Baker._
Sub-erect, woody. Leaves 3-5 lobed, often cut deep down; finely villous
on upper and densely grey matted on under surface. Petals 4.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: below Dimoh & Atena River).
=C. aralioides= _Welw._
Climber, woody below, glabrous. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets oblong or
slightly obovate 2-3 in. long, faintly denticulate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).
=C. Ibuensis= _Hook. f._ LIF—Arab.
Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., irregularly serrate-dentate; fruit
size of a pea.
Nile (between Khartoum & Berber); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan
Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov.
=C. alnifolia= _Schweinfth._
Herb 6 ft. high. Leaves simple, sessile, ovate-orbicular, 5 in. broad,
denticulate, puberulous below; stipules triangular, acute, ⅓ in. long.
Cymes terminal, glandular.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kuddu).
=C. juncea= _Webb._
Stem erect; leaves sessile; leaflets 3, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, 6-7
in. long, membranous. Root tuberous.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
=C. crinita= _Planch._
Stem hairy; leaves long 3-5 fol.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
=C. crotalaroides= _Schwfth._
Erect undershrub. Leaves sessile. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5-6 in.
long, 1-1½ in. broad, doubly serrate, puberulous below. Fruits
pubescent.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Deim Zubeir & Jur-land: Zeriba Abu-Gurun).
=C. adenantha= _Fresen._ LODOREH—Bari.
Green climber; leaves pedate, with 4-7 leaflets.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
=C. adenocaulis= _Steud._
Stem, woody, trailing; leaves compound, one terminal leaflet and one
pair on either side, or, sometimes, 7 leaflets.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands).
=C. Schweinfurthii= _Pl._
Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets oblanceolate, repand-dentate,
about 4 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, shortly pubescent below. Cymes
tomentose. Tendrils much twisted.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Addai).
=C. serpens= _Hochst._
Stout herbaceous climber. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol.; sessile or short-
stalked. Leaflets obovate-lanceolate, irregularly inciso-dentate, the
veins beneath grey-downy.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Umlabia).
=C. pallida= _Wight._ & _Arn._ ABANGIUR—Dinka; DELE—Golo.
Trailing or slightly climbing, semi-woody shrub. Leaves cordate, not
lobed, faintly denticulate, glabrous.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.
=C. mossambicensis= _Klotzsch._
Woody climber. Leaves orbicular or reniform, more or less entire to
deeply 5-lobed, with irregular, mucronate teeth. Flowers in densely
compound lateral cymes.
Mongalla Prov.
=C. gracilis= _Guill._ & _Perr._
Slender climber. Leaves pedate; leaflets 5, the shorter forked, all thin
of texture.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
=C. intricata= _Baker._ LIF or LUFA—Arab.
Slender woody climber; leaflets 3-5, pedate, firmly membranous. Flowers
in 4-6 in. broad cymes.
White Nile Prov.
=C. Thonningii= _Baker._
Leaves 3-5 fol., serrate; leaflets distinctly stalked, edges loosely
crenate. Flowers in lax, branched cymes. 4-6 in. broad.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).
=C. Figariana= _Webb._
Erect, hairy undershrub. Leaves 5-7 fol.
Nubia.
=C. cyphopetala= _Pres._
Climber with puberulous stems and softly tomentose serrate leaflets and
broad open cymes of small flowers.
Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).
=RUTACEÆ.=
376 =Ruta tuberculata= _Forsk._
Herb with tubercled glands; leaves linear, with pellucid glands. Flowers
usually 5-merous; petals entire.
Nubia; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert); Khartoum Prov. (Halfaya); White
Nile Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora-hills).
Yields a volatile oil, which may act as an irritant when the plant is
handled.
377 =Teclea nobilis= _Hook. f._ FURFURRUK (J. Daier)—Nuba; FIK—Bari;
SEKIA—Golo.
Unarmed large shrub or small tree; leaves 3-fol., large. Flowers
unisexual. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile in branching panicles shorter
than leaves. Female flowers in short axillary spikes.
Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Wau, Bongo-land:
Dukuttu & Mittu-land: by the Rohl River); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).
The wood is used for spear shafts in Bahr El Ghazal and for bark mallets
in Uganda.
377a =Toddalia aculeata= _Pers._
Erect or scrambling shrub, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves 3-fol.,
alternate, with pellucid glands; petioles often with prickles beneath.
Flowers unisexual, cream coloured, panicled.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
378 =Clausena anisata= _Oliv._
Shrub with pinnate leaves, which are 6-12 in. long; leaflets 10-20,
ovate or ovate-oblong. Flowers white, numerous on axillary, paniculate
cymes; stamens 8-10. Berry 1-seeded.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir).
379 =Citrus Aurantium= _Linn._
=var. amara= L. NARING—Arab. The Bitter Orange.
Grown throughout the country in gardens; frequently used as a stock for
the sweet orange, mandarin and sweet lemon.
=var. sinensis= _Gall. Citr._ BORTUGAN—Arab. The Sweet Orange.
Grown throughout the country in gardens.
=C. decumana= _Linn._ LIMUN HINDI—Arab. The Grape Fruit or Shaddock.
Occasionally found in gardens.
=C. medica= _Linn._ =var. Limon= _Gall. Citr._
=subvar. acris.= LIMUN BALADI—Arab. The Lime.
Grown everywhere in gardens and frequently on Sagias.
=subvar. Limetta= _Risso._ LIMUN HELLU—Arab. The Lemon.
Cultivated in gardens.
=C. nobilis= _Lour._ YUSEF EFFENDI—Arab. The Mandarin.
Cultivated in gardens.
=SIMARUBACEÆ.=
380 =Hannoa Schweinfurthii= _Oliv._
Shoots clustered from the old wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets linear-
oblanceolate, leathery, up to 6 in. long, glabrous, with sunken nerves.
Flowers racemose few. Fruits oblong-ovoid, ¾ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mts. Nga, near Maalah).
381 =Irvingia Smithii= _Hook. f._
Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, rounded at base
and more or less cordate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers pale yellow in narrow,
subpaniculate racemes. Fruit oblong, 1½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-
land: by the Hu River).
The fruit is of no value. The wood is white and very hard.
=I. sp.= DARITAR—Dinka; AKOS—Jur; BILI & M’BILI or TIRI—Golo.
Large, smooth stemmed, riverside tree. Flowers white, fruit blue
drupaceous. Very like the foregoing species.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).
The timber is white, hard, and takes a good polish. It is used for boat-
building.
382 =Balanites ægyptiaca= _Del._ HEGLIG—Arab; ’SASSUD &
SHASHOT—Hadendowa; KORAK (J. Daier), TIRA (Dilling & J. Ghulfan), KURI
(J. Eliri) & N’DMUSSO (Kadugli)—Nuba; KHA—Hameg; SORONGO—Golo; LALLOK &
LUMILI—Bari; TAU (usual) & TU (Kaka)—Dinka; TAU—Jur & Nuer; TU—Shilluk;
TOAN—Burun; Fruit LALOB—Arab; FIATH—Nuer (young tree).
Large tree armed with straight green spines, which are supra-axillary or
axillary. Leaves 2-fol., entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs,
greenish-white. Disk fleshy, covered with white hairs. Drupe up to 2 in.
long, with a bony endocarp.
Found throughout the greater part of the Sudan especially in the Fung
and Upper White Nile Provinces.
=var. membranacea= _Van Tiegh._
Dongola Prov. (Debba).
The fruit, called LALOB, is edible; it has a bitter sweet flavour and
aperient qualities. The root, bark and leaves are purgative, and act as
a vermifuge. The kernel yields an oil which is used as an unguent. The
wood is hard, compact and fine grained, it is durable and resists the
attacks of insects. The bark yields a strong fibre, and is also used as
a soap for washing clothes.
383 =Harrisonia abyssinica= _Oliv._ KARB EL WADI—Arab; KIREILLI—Bari.
Large shrub; leaves imparipinnate, with winged petiole; leaflets 3 pairs
and an odd one. Flowers small in axillary or subterminal cymes.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-
land: Gir & Addai, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
384 =Klainedoxa oblongifolia= _Stapf._
Shrub 15 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 12 in. long and 4 in.
broad on the young shoots, the older shoots with much smaller leaves;
stipules very long (about 6 in.) acuminate. Fruits very hard,
4-6-angled, 1½ in. in diam.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=BURSERACEÆ.=
385 =Boswellia papyrifera= _A. Rich._ ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu
Gibeiha) or TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) &
LAGI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans
because elephants feed on it.
Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often found on
quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, appearing before
the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule trigonous, 1 in. long.
Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province.
Yields a fragrant resin.
386 =Commiphora Opobalsamum= _Engl._