purple stamens. Fruit a globose berry, about 2 in. in diameter, on
thickened gynophore.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); Upper White
Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Arab; Generally distributed south of Lat.
14° N.
The fruit is edible; the bark and the leaves are used medicinally. The
tree occasionally attains a large size, e.g., Jonglay, Atem River. The
wood is moderately hard, even grained, but not very durable. The
medullary rays are thin and very numerous, the pores being uniform,
rather small, arranged in short lines and curves.
34 =Capparis spinosa= _Linn._ LASSAF—Arab.
Trailing shrub. Leaves coriaceous, rotundate; stipular spines recurved
or nearly straight. Flowers 1-3 in. across, axillary, solitary or in
loose lateral racemes, white. Frui. oval, oblong, on a strong gynophore.
Kordofan Prov.
The buds furnish the edible capers of commerce.
=C. galeata= _Fres._ LASAF—Arab.
Spinose trailing shrub. Leaves ovate to rotundate with curved mucro.
Flowers large axillary, solitary. Fruit clavate-pyriform 3-4 in. long on
a stalk up to 2 in. long.
Nubia: Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarber, 22° N. Lat. & 21° N. Lat., and near
Sinkat, from sea level to 4,000 ft.).
=C. tomentosa= _Lam._ HEKKABIT, MURDU, SHAROBA, or GULUM—Arab; KUBDI
(Dilling)—Nuba; LULUMEH—Bari; BAN or ABBAN, BORID (Kaka &
Kenissa)—Dinka; BUT—Shilluk; UNGONO—Jur; MANGAMANGA—Golo.
Scandent prickly shrub with velvety elliptical leaves. Flowers white
with indefinite pink stamens, solitary and axillary or in terminal
racemes or corymbs.
Widely distributed south of Lat. 15° N. and in the Red Sea Prov.
The shrub is stated to be poisonous to camels.
=C. persicifolia= _A. Rich._
Scandent prickly shrub; prickles paired on each side of the petiole.
Leaves oblong-elliptic, about 2 in. long, obtuse, nearly glabrous;
pedicels 1 in. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, stipitate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gash River);
Berber Prov. (Atbara, left bank); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El
Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the River Rohl, & Niamniam-land: by the
River Ibba).
=C. micrantha= _A. Rich._
Prickly, straggling shrub. Flowers small, white, sub-corymbose. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (at 4° 54″
N. Lat.).
=C. corymbosa= _Lam._
Prickly, scrambling shrub. Leaves ovate or elliptical. Flowers in
lateral or terminal corymbs or fascicles.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil, etc.); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Darfur Prov.;
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).
=C. djurica= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Shrub with densely pilose branches. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, about
1¼ in. long and about ½ in. broad, emarginate. Flowers in rather dense
racemes. Sepals glabrous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=C. jodotricha= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Climbing shrub; young branches tomentose; spines large, recurved. Leaves
ovate, 2 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, at first densely pilose, at length
glabrous. Flowers in fascicles, crowded. Sepals tomentose outside.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).
=C. Rothii= _Oliv._ MURDU (Baggara), & SH’AIBEIT (Fung)—Arab; MUARTA
(Dilling)—Nuba; RIADI—Bari; RIAT (Bor)—Dinka.
Thorny climber or small tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, often emarginate.
Flowers white, in axillary fascicles, up to 6 flowers. Fruit globose,
somewhat pointed, about 1 in. across, turning red when ripe.
Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok, Renk, Melut); Mongalla Prov.
=C. erythrocarpa= _Isert._
Thorny climber. Fruit scarlet, hexagonal, about size of a walnut. Leaves
elliptical, obtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary, 2 in. across.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu, Bongo-land: Baiko).
=C. aphylla= _Roth._
=C. decidua= _Pax._ TUNDUB—Arab; SAROP—Hadendowa; KAMRE (J. Daier), &
SHIMEIL (Dilling)—Nuba; NANGOT—Shilluk.
Shrub or small tree, spiny and generally leafless. Flowers pink; fruit
size of a small cherry.
Widely distributed north of Lat. 13° N., also occurs in Bahr El Ghazal
Prov.
The fruit (Arabic, HUNBUG) is edible, the plant is considered useful for
boils, eruptions, swelling and affections of the joints.
35 =Boscia octandra= _Hochst._ MOKHEIT & UMKHEIT (Darfur)—Arab; FOG
(Renk)—Dinka; ATOKA—Golo; DEB (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; ARAY—Jur.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves more or less oval, thick and dark coloured;
flowers sub-umbellate or racemose, sweet scented. Fruit globose under ½
in. diameter. Stamens 8-20. Widely distributed south of Lat. 16° N.
The fruit, called KURSAN by Arabs, is edible; an emulsion of the leaves
is used as an eyewash.
=B. angustifolia= _A. Rich._ TIRLING (J. Daier)—Nuba.
Tree or shrub. Flowers greenish, fragrant. Leaves coriaceous, narrow,
lanceolate, oblong or obovate. Fruit globose, under ½ in. diameter.
Stamens 6-9.
Kordofan Prov.; Whole Sudan through Kordofan.
=B. firma= _Rad._
Woody shrub with crowded fasciculate, narrowly oblong elliptic leaves,
1½ in. long, ½ in. broad, very strongly reticulate below. Racemes very
short. Fruits sub-globose, very small.
Fung & Kordofan Provinces.
=B. salicifolia= _Oliv._ SAHAI (Kordn.), TILEITILLA (N. Kordn.),
KARAUERAU (Baggara), & SESIFAN (Fung)—Arab; KOLWAKAI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.
Shrub or a straight, graceful tree. Leaves elongate-linear or
lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Flowers in axillary racemes; stamens 6-14.
Fruit ellipsoid-globose, ¾ in. long, shortly stipitate.
Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
36 =Courbonia virgata= _A. Brongn._ KARKADAN (Mongalla), KURDAN
(Baggara)—Arab; DAYA—Bari; ABRO—Golo.
Glabrous, glaucous shrub or undershrub, with leafy, virgate branches;
flowers axillary, solitary; petals 0. Leaves glaucous, elliptical to
ovate. Fruit globose, about 1 in. diameter.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan &
Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.
The ashes of leaves and stem are used as a substitute for salt. Fruit
edible.
=C. decumbens= _A. Brongn._
Bush. Leaves glaucous, ovate, faintly 3-nerved, 1¼ in. long, mucronate.
Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit sub-globose, 1¼ in. long, beaked.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi Plains).
37 =Cadaba glandulosa= _Forsk._ IRKIS (White Nile), KURMUT SOGHEIR—Arab.
Undershrub. Leaves small, round, closely packed on the branches. Racemes
terminal, few-flowered. Petals none; petaloid appendix ligulate. Stamens
5. Fruit oblong, ½ in. long, on a gynophore.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan &
Darfur Provinces.
=C. rotundifolia= _Forsk._ KURMUT, or rarely ADDIMIR (Blue Nile)—Arab;
YAM—Hadendowa; KOG (Renk)—Dinka.
Shrub. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals 2; petals,
2 green and a yellow tubular nectary; stamens 5; ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli);
Upper White Nile Prov.
The plant is said to be a powerful purgative.
=C. farinosa= _Forsk._ SURREIH or SURRAYA (Fung)—Arab; NIADA—Bari; BUT
(Renk), & ANEIT or NEIT (Mongalla Prov.)—Dinka.
Undershrub or scrambling climber. Fruit slightly torulose; seeds covered
by bright orange inner membrane of capsule. Leaves oval-oblong,
apiculate, mostly in fascicles. Flowers greenish; sepals 4; petals 4;
stamens 5; ovary 1-celled.
Red Sea, Kassala, Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Upper
White Nile & Darfur Provinces.
=C. longifolia= _DC._
Glabrous shrub, or extremities mealy. Leaves linear-oblong or
lanceolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs; petals 4; appendix linear-
lanceolate, as long as sepals; stamens 4.
Red Sea Coast; North of Kassala.
38 =Maerua jasminifolia= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ BUDU—Bari.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-fol., fruit globose.
Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).
=M. variifolia= _Gilg._ & _Ben._
Shrub; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves elliptic, mucronate, 1½ in.
long, slightly pubescent. Flowers sub-corymbose; pedicels ¾ in. long;
petals small with crinkled margins. Fruits torulose, about 1 in. long.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov.
=M. crassifolia= _Forsk._ SAREH, SARHA or SURRAKH (Berber), KOWOGE
(Baggara)—Arab; KAMOP (Port Sudan)—Hadendowa; TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba.
Stiff tree or shrub with spinose branches. Leaves small, up to ¾ in.
long, obovate to linear-oval. Flowers axillary, 1-3 together; petals 0;
stamens indefinite. Fruit torulose.
Red Sea Prov. (from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Dongola Prov.; Berber
Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara & Abu Gamaiz); Darfur Prov.
=M. aethiopica= _Oliv._ BAK BELE—Golo.
Erect, virgate shrub. Leaves oblong to elliptical. Flowers corymbose;
petals 4, rotundate; stamens indefinite. Fruit coriaceous, subglobose.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Kutshuk Ali, Jur
Ghattas & Jur Aweit, Bongo-land, Gir).
=M. angolensis= _DC._ MARI (Khasa, Red Sea Prov.), RAU ER AU (Kordofan
at Birket), SHAGAR EL ZERAF (Kordn.), & SHAGAR EL DUD (Fung)—Arab;
DOGHING (J. Daier)—Nuba; SHALEIB (Erkowit)—Hadendowa; AFIAT
(Renk)—Dinka; TIIT (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer.
Small tree. Flowers white. Fruit moniliform. Leaves lanceolate to
obovate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Kassala Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile
Prov. (Jebelein & near Nyemati); Upper White Nile Prov. (Ghurab El Eish,
near Melut, Um Songur, etc.); Kordofan (El Birkat); Darfur (Jebel Marra,
Kallokitting 4,000 ft.).
Wood yellowish, heavy, hard and fine grained, but brittle; takes a good
polish.
=M. dolichobotrya= _Gilg_ & _Ben._
Woody shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 2
in. long, ⅓ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in elongated leafy racemes.
Petals shortly clawed, rather thick.
White Nile Prov.
=M. oblongifolia= _A. Rich._ ERG EL MEHABBA (White Nile), ASS’AIB
(Atbara), SURREIH (Fung), ABU TAMARA (C. Kordn.), ALAG & SIRH
(Khartoum)—Arab; KAFITO & NIETEH—Bari; BUN—Burun; ANEIT (Goz el
Siada)—Dinka.
Straggling shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, calyx pale green, 4 sepals;
petals 4, whitish green, stamens indefinite; gynophore white. Fruit
about 1 in. long, very torulose or moniliform.
Red Sea Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (J. Langeb); Berber Prov.
(Atbara); Khartoum & White Nile Provinces; Most parts of the Sudan south
of Khartoum.
Fruit edible.
=MORINGACEÆ.=
39 =Moringa aptera= _Gaertn._ MAI—Arab.
Moderate to small-sized tree with whip-like branches and scanty, minute
leaves. Flowers pink. Fruit capsules ridged, about 1 ft. long; seeds not
winged.
Red Sea Prov. (rare).
=M. pterygosperma= _Gaertn._
Small tree with corky bark. Leaves usually tripinnate. Flowers strongly
scented; petals white with yellow dots at base. Pods up to 13 in. long,
slender, 9-ribbed. Seeds winged.
Introduced from India. Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bareis); Darfur
Prov., etc.
The seeds yield the Ben Oil.
=CRUCIFERÆ.=
40 =Matthiola elliptica= _R. Br._
Herb with a white flower, like a small Stock. Leaves petiolate,
elliptic, hoary; pod siliquose, rather thick.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, and 21° N. from sea level to 3-4,000 ft.);
White Nile Prov.
=M. sp.=
Hoary herb with subsessile, lanceolate toothed leaves, about 1 in. long;
hairs stellate. Pods subsessile, very hairy.
Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).
41 =Nasturtium indicum= _Linn._ FIKKI (Darfur)—Arab.
Glabrous branching herb. Leaves sessile, lyrate-pinnatifid, auricled.
Flowers yellow, small in lax racemes. Siliqua nearly ¾ in., cylindrical.
Dongola Prov. (Argo Island); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post);
Kordofan Prov.
42 =Morettia Philæana= _DC._ TAGHAL (Atbara), SAGGAR—Arab.
Stiff, erect, hispid herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate,
hoary or hispid. Petals slightly longer than the very hairy sepals.
Fruits strongly curved, ⅓ in. long.
Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara, Murat); Dongola Prov. (Omdi); Kordofan
Prov. (Maties).
Good camel fodder.
=M. canescens= _Boiss._
A stiff herb covered with whitish stellate hairs. Leaves elliptic,
subacute, petiolate. Fruits ribbed, slightly curved, ½ in. long,
stellate-pubescent.
Near Wadi Halfa.
43 =Anastatica Hierochuntica= _Linn._
Woody herb. Fruit short, with a round auricle on each side of the apex.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.).
The common Rose of Jericho of the Mediterranean.
44 =Farsetia ægyptiaca= _Turr._ DAHAIAN (Atbara), GHARBA—Arab.
Shrubby; flowers white; siliquas small, oval. Leaves linear, hoary.
Nubia; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Red Sea Prov. (near Karora).
=F. longisiliqua= _Dec._ DAKHEYAN (N. Kordn.), & DAHAIAN (C.
Kordn.)—Arab.
Hoary undershrub. Leaves narrow-linear. Flowers in spicate racemes,
rather distant. Siliqua linear, slightly curved, hoary, 1 in. long.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj); Darfur Prov.
(Kulme, & Sherif Kabbashi); Red Sea Prov. (near Karora).
=F. grandiflora= _Fourn._ UMHABEIBA (White Nile)—Arab.
Slender, erect, pale annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long.
Siliqua linear 1-2 in. long.
White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Hillet Abbas to Meshra El
Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.
=F. ramosissima= _Hochst._
Branching herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers densely spicate.
Siliqua short.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., up to 4,000 ft.); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan
Prov. (Khursi); Darfur Prov. (Plains below J. Marra, 3,000 ft.).
45 =Sisymbrium erysimoides= _Desf._
Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Upper leaves lyrate pinnatisect. Siliquas divergent,
rigid, linear-subulate.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 ft.).
46 =Diplotaxis erucoides= DC.
Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or obovate-toothed.
Flowers white or purplish on ebracteate racemes. Siliqua 1 in. long,
ascending. Seeds biseriate.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Karora).
47 =Eruca sativa= _Lam._ GARGUIR (Egypt)—Arab.
Erect branching herb. Leaves lyrate to oblanceolate, more or less deeply
toothed. Flowers white or yellow on ebracteate racemes. Siliqua linear-
oblong, turgid erect, beaked. Seeds biseriate.
Nubia cultivated.
The seeds yield an oil similar to Colza. The leaves are used as a salad,
and are also fed to cattle.
48 =Schouwia arabica= _DC._ MAHAD, NAMNAM (Egypt)—Arab.
Tall shrubby herb with ovate amplexicaul leaves and purple flowers.
Siliqua elliptical, about ¾ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gash Valley).
49 =Lepidium sativum= _Linn._ Common Cress.
Glabrous annual. Leaves entire to pinnatisect. Flowers white. Siliqua
obovate to nearly rotundate, emarginate.
Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces.
The young plants are eaten. The seeds yield an oil; they are also used
in dysentery and diarrhœa.
50 =Senebiera nilotica= _DC._ RASHAD (Port Sudan), HARRA—Arab.
Riverside herb with small white flowers. Radical leaves linear-
lanceolate or oblanceolate pinnatisect. Silicules cordate-reniform.
North Sudan; Banks of the Nile; Red Sea. Prov.
51 =Enarthrocarpus lyratus= _DC._ RESHAD EL BAHR, SHILTEM, SHIRTEM, &
SHILTAM—Arab.
Herb; flowers yellow, streaked with purple. Radical leaves lyrate-
pinnatifid. Siliquas nodulose, obtusely acuminate.
Dongola Prov. (from Egypt).
=E. pterocarpus= _DC._
Herb, scabrid below. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Siliquas erect, linear-
acuminate, with winged scabrid margins.
Nubia.
52 =Zilla myagroides= _Forsk._ =var. microcarpa= _Oliv._
Shrubby, spiny herb, the spines terminating the branches. Flowers white
or violet, solitary or racemose, silicules ovoid, beaked.
Red Sea Prov., & Nubia.
53 =Raphanus sativus= _Linn._ FIGL—Arab. Horse Radish.
Radical leaves lyrate. Flowers white, yellow or lilac. Siliqua 1-2 in.
long, terete, beaked.
Cultivated everywhere.
The seeds, which yield an oil, are used in native medicine for their
diuretic and laxative properties. The seed pods as well as the roots are
eaten.
=VIOLACEÆ.=
54 =Viola nubica= _Hutchinson_, n. sp.
Small annual, 4 in. high. Leaves long-petiolate, spathulate-lanceolate,
acute, 1¼ in. long, nearly ½ in. broad, very thin, subentire, glabrous;
stipules subulate-filiform, entire, 2-lin. long; sepals broadly
lanceolate, long-acuminate; petals ⅓ in. long; spur short and blunt.
Capsule ¼ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.).
55 =Hybanthus enneaspermus= _Muell._—_Ionidium enneaspermum_ Vent.
Erect or decumbent, much-branched herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers blue,
purple or dull red, solitary, axillary.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan
Prov.
56 =Rinorea ilicifolia= _O. Ktze._—_Alsodeia ilicifolia_ Welw.
Shrub or small tree. Leaves strongly spinulose-serrate, coriaceous
shining above, 6-9 in. long. Flowers yellow, in narrow terminal,
racemose panicles. Capsule 3-valved, coriaceous.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
=R. oblongifolia= _Marq._
Large tree, buttressed at the foot. Flowers waxy-yellow, in terminal,
many-flowered corymbose or pyramidal panicles. Leaves oblanceolate or
obovate-oblong, 4-8 in. long. Petals contorted.
Niamniam-land (Mbrwole, near the Yuru River & by the Diagbe River).
=RESEDACEÆ.=
57 =Caylusea canescens= _St. Hil._ MUDDEYD & DENABA—Arab.
Diffuse or ascending herb, more or less pilose. Leaves linear-lanceolate
to lanceolate, undulate. Flowers small, in terminal bracteate racemes.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib & J. Shellal, 22° N. Lat.).
=C. abyssinica= _Fisch._ & _Mey._
Erect herb, up to 3 ft. high, glabrous or thinly scabrid near the
extremities. Leaves entire or 3-partite, linear-lanceolate or linear.
Flowers small, numerous on terminal, spike-like racemes up to 1 ft. and
more long.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 ft.).
58 =Reseda pruinosa= _Del._
Erect or ascending herb, 1 ft. or more high. Leaves entire or trifid,
narrow-lanceolate or oval. Flowers in terminal, bracteate racemes.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 3-4,000 ft.).
59 =Oligomeris glaucescens= _Camb._
Erect or decumbent herb, usually glabrous and glaucous. Leaves entire,
linear, fasciculate or scattered. Flowers small in loose, elongate
terminal spikes.
Red Sea, Dongola & Kordofan Provinces.
60 =Ochradenus baccatus= _Del._ GURDI—Arab.
Much branched shrub, with virgate branches, which are often spinescent
and at length leafless. Leaves narrow linear. Flowers small, spicate.
Berries white.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (North); Darfur (Jebel Meidob and
Kulme).
=POLYGALACEÆ.=
61 =Polygala persicariæfolia= _DC._
Erect or decumbent annual. Leaves oval or lanceolate, acute. Flowers in
extra-axillary or terminal racemes. Wing sepals rotundate-ovate, 3-5
nerved; lateral petals semi-hastate or hooked at the base.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
Wing sepals elliptic and not rounded.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Addai: Bongo-land).
Leaves broader, wing sepals less orbicular than in the type.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
=P. abyssinica= _Fres._
Annual or perennial, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear or oval, apiculate.
Flowers secund on terminal racemes. Wing sepals ovate to obovate,
3-nerved.
Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 7,000 ft. and over, and plains 20-80 m. N.E.
of El Fasher).
=P. liniflora= _Bojer_ ex _Chod._
Branches elongated, erect, grass-like, glabrous. Leaves narrowly linear,
slightly decurrent. Racemes terminal, lax-flowered. Wing sepals
elliptic, clawed, with few nerves.
Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).
=P. erioptera= _DC._ HEBEIBU (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab, ANYAIN or LAKSHUA’I
(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear or oblong, obtuse. Flowers
fascicled or on racemes much shorter than leaves. Wing-sepals oval or
obliquely elliptic with 1 broad median nerve.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba & between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov.
(Gallabat); Fung Prov. (J. Moya); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper
White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov.
(Mongalla).
=var. canescens= _Chod._
Stems and leaves with grey, dense hairs.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.
=var. maxima= _Chod._
Stems and leaves at length glabrous.
Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum).
=P. arenaria= _Willd_, forma depressa.
Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear to obovate-elliptical obtuse.
Flowers in dense strobiliform heads. Wing-sepals variable, oval to
ovate-rotundate, often oblique, nerves faint.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
=P. irregularis= _Boiss._
Low spreading, wiry plant. Leaves oblanceolate obtuse or retuse. Flowers
in loose terminal racemes. Wing-sepals broad-ovate with 3 main nerves.
Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Taiara, Abu Gerad).
=P. acicularis= _Oliv._
Glabrous shrub. Leaves narrow-linear to acicular. Flowers in erect
terminal racemes or racemes on rigid lateral branchlets. Wing-sepals
obovate-oblong, faintly nerved, deciduous.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
=P. senensis= _Klotzsch._
Wiry herb or undershrub. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse. Flowers in very
short lateral racemes or axillary fascicles. Wing-sepals broadly ovate
with numerous looping nerves.
Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat).
62 =Securidaca longipedunculata= _Fresen._ SAGGAT—Arab.
Branched shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, linear-
lanceolate to ovate oblong, 1-2 in. long. Flowers rose or purple or
violet or variegated with white, racemose. Fruit a 1-winged samara.
Fung Prov. (Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
=CRASSULACEÆ.=
63 =Tillæa pentandra= _Royle._
Small herb with opposite, fleshy cylindrical subulate leaves, connate at
base. Flowers small, white, solitary, or 2-3 together, axillary. Fruit
of 4-5 free carpels.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).
64 =Bryophyllum calycinum= _Salisb._
Shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high, with barren and purple-spotted flowering
stems. Leaves opposite, fleshy, crenate, either simple, ovate-orbicular
or unequally pinnate with ovate segments. Flowers up to 2 in. long,
pendulous, in paniculate cymes; calyx inflated, striped purple; cor.
reddish-purple; stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit of 4 follicles.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
65 =Kalanchoe crenata= _Haw._ HARFIFOIT—Hadendowa.
Tall perennial herb with opposite fleshy, crenate leaves and yellow
flowers.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, foot of Has Has).
66 =Umbilicus botryoides= _Hochst._
Small herb with perennial root-stock. Lower leaves orbicular, loosely
crenate, peltate. Flowering stems usually about 6 in. long bearing a
simple or somewhat branched raceme of pale pendulous flowers.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Abwo, 9,600 ft.).
67 =Sempervivum molle= _Vis._
Softly hairy, fleshy herb. Leaves alternate, fleshy, oval-rhomboid, red-
spotted beneath. Flowers cymose, white or yellow.
Nubia.
=SAXIFRAGACEÆ.=
68 =Vahlia viscosa= _Roxb._ SAFEIRA EL BAHR (Atbara), WADE (Halfa)—Arab;
TELGIN—Hadendowa; TEIMER—Rashida.
Prostrate, glandular, pilose herb, with ovate-oblong, opposite leaves
and yellow flowers. Calyx 5-lobed; corolla 5 petals; anthers 5; style
deeply bifid; ovary inferior.
River banks; Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara & Berber); Khartoum, Blue
Nile, Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla
Provinces.
=V. oldenlandioides= _Roxb._
Glandular or pubescent herb with opposite linear leaves. Flowers small,
numerous; calyx tube adnate to ovary, segments 5, short, triangular;
petals 5, epigynous; ovary inferior; capsule sub-globose, small.
Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur
Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).
NOTE.—These two species of _Vahlia_ are often mistaken for species of
_Oldenlandia_ in _Rubiaceæ_, but are at once distinguished by the free
petals and absence of stipules.
=DROSERACEÆ.=
69 =Drosera indica= _Linn._