Suppose the Weir to be 66 inches long, and the depth of water on it
to be 11-5/8 inches. Follow down the left hand column of the figures
in the table until you come to 11 inches. Then run across the table
on a line with the 11 until under 5/8 on top line you will find
15.85. This multiplied by 66, the length of Weir, gives 1046.10, the
number of cubic feet of water passing per minute.
FRICTION-LOSS IN POUNDS PRESSURE, FOR EACH 100 FEET OF LENGTH IN
DIFFERENT SIZE CLEAN IRON PIPES DISCHARGING GIVEN QUANTITIES OF WATER
PER MINUTE. ALSO VELOCITY OF FLOW IN PIPE, IN FEET PER SECOND.
_G. A. Ellis, C. E._
----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
Gallons | 1/2 Inch. | 3/4 Inch.
discharged|--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
5 | 8.17 | 24.6 | 3.63 | 3.3
10 | 16.3 | 96.0 | 7.25 | 13.0
15 | .... | .... | 10.9 | 28.7
20 | .... | .... | 14.5 | 50.4
25 | .... | .... | 18.1 | 78.0
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
Gallons | 1 Inch. | 1-1/4 Inch.
discharged|--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
5 | 2.04 | 0.84 | 1.31 | 0.31
10 | 4.08 | 3.16 | 2.61 | 1.05
15 | 6.13 | 6.98 | 3.92 | 2.38
20 | 8.17 | 12.3 | 5.22 | 4.07
25 | 10.2 | 19.0 | 6.53 | 6.40
30 | 12.3 | 27.5 | 7.84 | 9.15
35 | 14.3 | 37.0 | 9.14 | 12.04
40 | 16.3 | 48.0 | 10.4 | 16.1
45 | ... | ... | 11.7 | 20.2
50 | ... | ... | 13.1 | 24.9
75 | ... | ... | 19.6 | 56.1
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
Gallons | 1-1/2 Inch. | 2 Inch.
discharged|--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
5 | 0.91 | 0.12 | ... | ...
10 | 1.82 | 0.47 | 1.02 | 0.12
15 | 2.73 | 0.97 | ... | ...
20 | 3.63 | 1.66 | 2.04 | 0.42
25 | 4.54 | 2.62 | ... | ...
30 | 5.45 | 3.75 | 3.06 | 0.91
35 | 6.36 | 5.05 | ... | ...
40 | 7.26 | 6.52 | 4.09 | 1.60
45 | 8.17 | 8.15 | ... | ...
50 | 9.08 | 10.0 | 5.11 | 2.44
75 | 13.6 | 22.4 | 7.66 | 5.32
100 | 18.2 | 39.0 | 10.2 | 9.46
125 | ... | ... | 12.8 | 14.9
150 | ... | ... | 15.3 | 21.2
175 | ... | ... | 17.1 | 28.1
200 | ... | ... | 20.4 | 37.5
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
Gallons | 2-1/2 Inch. | 3 Inch.
discharged|--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
25 | 1.63 | 0.21 | 1.13 | 0.10
50 | 3.26 | 0.81 | 2.27 | 0.35
75 | 4.90 | 1.80 | 3.40 | 0.74
100 | 6.53 | 3.20 | 4.54 | 1.31
125 | 8.16 | 4.89 | 5.67 | 1.99
150 | 9.80 | 7.00 | 6.81 | 2.85
175 | 11.4 | 9.46 | 7.94 | 3.85
200 | 13.1 | 12.47 | 9.08 | 5.02
250 | 16.3 | 19.66 | 11.3 | 7.76
300 | 19.6 | 28.06 | 13.6 | 11.2
350 | ... | ... | 15.9 | 15.2
400 | ... | ... | 18.2 | 19.5
450 | ... | ... | 20.4 | 25.0
500 | ... | ... | 22.7 | 30.8
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------
Gallons | 4 Inch. | 6 Inch.
discharged|--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe| Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
50 | 1.28 | 0.09 | ... | ...
75 | ... | ... | ... | ...
100 | 2.55 | 0.33 | 1.13 | 0.05
150 | 3.83 | 0.69 | 1.70 | 0.10
200 | 5.11 | 1.22 | 2.27 | 0.17
250 | 6.39 | 1.89 | 2.84 | 0.26
300 | 7.66 | 2.66 | 3.40 | 0.37
350 | 8.94 | 3.65 | 3.97 | 0.50
400 | 10.2 | 4.73 | 4.54 | 0.65
450 | 11.5 | 6.01 | 5.11 | 0.81
500 | 12.8 | 7.43 | 5.67 | 0.96
----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------
NOTE.—The quantity of a fluid discharged through a pipe or an orifice
is increased by heating the liquid: because heat diminishes the
cohesion of the particles, which exists to a certain degree, in all
liquids.
FRICTION LOSS IN POUNDS PRESSURE, FOR EACH 100 FEET OF LENGTH IN
DIFFERENT SIZE CLEAN IRON PIPES DISCHARGING GIVEN QUANTITIES OF WATER
PER MINUTE. ALSO VELOCITY OF FLOW IN PIPE, IN FEET PER SECOND.
_G. A. Ellis, C. E._
----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Gallons | 6 Inch. | 8 Inch.
discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
250 | 2.84 | 0.26 | 1.59 | 0.07
500 | 5.67 | 0.98 | 3.19 | 0.25
750 | 8.51 | 2.21 | 4.79 | 0.53
1,000 | 11.3 | 3.88 | 6.38 | 0.94
1,250 | ... | ... | 7.97 | 1.46
1,500 | ... | ... | 9.57 | 2.09
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Gallons | 10 Inch. | 12 Inch.
discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
250 | 1.02 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.01
500 | 2.04 | 0.09 | 1.42 | 0.04
750 | 3.06 | 0.18 | 2.13 | 0.08
1,000 | 4.08 | 0.32 | 2.84 | 0.13
1,250 | 5.10 | 0.49 | 3.55 | 0.20
1,500 | 6.12 | 0.70 | 4.26 | 0.29
1,750 | 7.15 | 0.95 | 4.96 | 0.38
2,000 | 8.17 | 1.23 | 5.67 | 0.49
2,250 | ... | ... | 6.38 | 0.63
2,500 | ... | ... | 7.09 | 0.77
3,000 | ... | ... | 8.51 | 1.11
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Gallons | 14 Inch. | 16 Inch.
discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
500 | 1.04 | 0.017 | 0.80 | 0.009
1,000 | 2.08 | 0.062 | 1.60 | 0.036
1,500 | 3.13 | 0.135 | 2.39 | 0.071
2,000 | 4.17 | 0.234 | 3.19 | 0.123
2,500 | 5.21 | 0.362 | 3.99 | 0.188
3,000 | 6.25 | 0.515 | 4.79 | 0.267
3,500 | 7.29 | 0.697 | 5.59 | 0.365
4,000 | 8.34 | 0.910 | 6.38 | 0.472
4,500 | ... | ... | 7.18 | 0.593
5,000 | ... | ... | 7.98 | 0.730
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Gallons | 18 Inch. | 20 Inch.
discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
500 | 0.63 | 0.005 | ... | ...
1,000 | 1.26 | 0.020 | 1.02 | 0.012
1,500 | 1.89 | 0.040 | ... | ...
2,000 | 2.52 | 0.071 | 2.04 | 0.042
2,500 | 3.15 | 0.107 | ... | ...
3,000 | 3.78 | 0.150 | 3.06 | 0.091
3,500 | 4.41 | 0.204 | ... | ...
4,000 | 5.04 | 0.263 | 4.08 | 0.158
4,500 | 5.67 | 0.333 | ... | ...
5,000 | 6.30 | 0.408 | 5.11 | 0.244
6,000 | 7.56 | 0.585 | 6.13 | 0.348
7,000 | ... | ... | 7.15 | 0.472
8,000 | ... | ... | 8.17 | 0.612
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
----------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Gallons | 24 Inch. | 30 Inch.
discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss
minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds.
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
1,000 | 0.72 | 0.005 | 0.45 | 0.002
2,000 | 1.44 | 0.020 | 0.91 | 0.006
3,000 | 2.16 | 0.047 | 1.36 | 0.012
4,000 | 2.88 | 0.067 | 1.82 | 0.022
5,000 | 4.60 | 0.102 | 2.27 | 0.035
6,000 | 4.32 | 0.146 | 2.72 | 0.048
7,000 | 5.04 | 0.196 | 3.18 | 0.065
8,000 | 5.76 | 0.255 | 3.63 | 0.083
9,000 | 6.47 | 0.323 | 4.08 | 0.105
10,000 | 7.19 | 0.398 | 4.54 | 0.131
----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
NOTE.—The velocity with which a liquid issues from an infinitely
small orifice in the bottom or sides of a vessel that is kept full is
equal to that which a heavy body would acquire by falling from the
surface level to the level of the orifice.
TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN
CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, CONDENSED FROM ELABORATE
TABLES PREPARED BY MESSRS. GEO. A. ELLIS AND A. H. HOWLAND, CIVIL
ENGINEERS, BOSTON, MASS.
-----------+-------------+----------------------+----------------------
| | 4-INCH PIPE. | 6-INCH PIPE.
|U. S. gallons|--------+-------------+--------+-------------
U. S. | discharged | | Friction | | Friction
gallons | per |Velocity| Head. |Velocity| Head.
discharged | twenty-four | in +------+------+ in +------+------
per minute.| hours. | Feet. | Feet.|Pounds| Feet. | Feet.|Pounds
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------
25 | 36000 | .64 | .59| .26| .28 | .11| .05
50 | 72000 | 1.28 | 2.01| .87| .57 | .32| .14
100 | 144000 | 2.55 | 7.36| 3.19| 1.13 | 1.08| .47
150 | 216000 | 3.83 | 16.05| 6.95| 1.70 | 2.28| .99
200 | 288000 | 5.11 | 28.09| 12.17| 2.27 | 3.92| 1.70
250 | 360000 | 6.37 | 43.47| 18.83| 2.84 | 6.00| 2.60
300 | 432000 | 7.66 | 62.20| 26.94| 3.40 | 8.52| 3.69
350 | 504000 | 8.94 | 84.26| 36.50| 3.97 | 11.48| 4.97
400 | 576000 | 10.21 |109.68| 47.50| 4.54 | 14.89| 6.45
450 | 648000 | 11.49 |138.43| 59.96| 5.11 | 18.73| 8.11
500 | 720000 | 12.77 |170.53| 73.87| 5.67 | 23.01| 9.97
600 | 864000 | 15.32 |244.76|106.02| 6.81 | 32.89| 14.25
700 | 1008000 | 17.87 |332.36|143.98| 7.94 | 44.54| 19.08
800 | 1152000 | ... | ... | ... | 9.08 | 57.95| 25.10
900 | 1290000 | ... | ... | ... | 10.21 | 73.12| 31.67
1000 | 1440000 | ... | ... | ... | 11.35 | 90.05| 38.99
1200 | 1728000 | ... | ... | ... | 13.61 |129.20| 55.96
1400 | 2016000 | ... | ... | ... | 15.88 |175.38| 75.97
1600 | 2304000 | ... | ... | ... | 18.15 |228.62| 99.0
1800 | 2592000 | ... | ... | ... | 20.42 |288.90|125.14
2000 | 2880000 | ... | ... | ... | 22.69 |356.22|154.30
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------
-----------+-------------+----------------------+----------------------
| | 8-INCH PIPE. | 10-INCH PIPE.
|U. S. gallons|----------------------+----------------------
U. S. | discharged | | Friction | | Friction
gallons | per |Velocity| Head. |Velocity| Head.
discharged | twenty-four | in +-------------+ in +-------------
per minute.| hours. | Feet. | Feet.|Pounds| Feet. | Feet.|Pounds
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------
25 | 36000 | .16 | .04| .02| .10 | .02| .01
50 | 72000 | .32 | .10| .04| .20 | .04| .02
100 | 144000 | .64 | .29| .13| .41 | .11| .05
150 | 216000 | .96 | .60| .26| .61 | .22| .10
200 | 288000 | 1.28 | 1.01| .44| .82 | .36| .16
250 | 360000 | 1.60 | 1.52| .66| 1.02 | .54| .23
300 | 432000 | 1.91 | 2.13| .92| 1.23 | .75| .32
350 | 504000 | 2.23 | 2.85| 1.24| 1.43 | .99| .43
400 | 576000 | 2.55 | 3.68| 1.59| 1.63 | 1.27| .55
450 | 648000 | 2.87 | 4.61| 2.00| 1.83 | 1.58| .69
500 | 720000 | 3.19 | 5.64| 2.44| 2.04 | 1.93| .84
600 | 864000 | 3.83 | 8.03| 3.48| 2.45 | 2.72| 1.18
700 | 1008000 | 4.47 | 10.83| 4.69| 2.86 | 3.66| 1.58
800 | 1152000 | 5.09 | 14.05| 6.08| 3.27 | 4.73| 2.05
900 | 1290000 | 5.74 | 17.68| 7.69| 3.68 | 5.93| 2.57
1000 | 1440000 | 6.38 | 21.74| 9.41| 4.08 | 7.28| 3.15
1200 | 1728000 | 7.66 | 31.10| 13.47| 4.90 | 10.38| 4.50
1400 | 2016000 | 8.94 | 42.13| 18.25| 5.72 | 14.02| 6.07
1600 | 2304000 | 10.21 | 54.84| 23.75| 6.53 | 18.22| 7.89
1800 | 2592000 | 11.47 | 69.22| 29.98| 7.35 | 22.96| 9.95
2000 | 2880000 | 12.77 | 85.27| 36.93| 8.17 | 28.25| 12.34
2500 | 3600000 | 15.96 |132.70| 57.49| 10.21 | 43.87| 19.00
3000 | 4320000 | ... | ... | ... | 12.25 | 62.92| 27.25
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------
-----------+-------------+----------------------+-----------------------
| | 12-INCH PIPE. | 14-INCH PIPE.
|U. S. gallons|----------------------+-----------------------
U. S. | discharged | | Friction | | Friction
gallons | per |Velocity| Head. |Velocity| Head.
discharged | twenty-four | in +-------------+ in |--------------
per minute.| hours. | Feet. | Feet.|Pounds| Feet. | Feet.|Pounds
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+-------
25 | 36000 | .07 | .01| ... | ... | ... | ...
50 | 72000 | .14 | .02| .01| .10 | .01| ...
100 | 144000 | .28 | .05| .02| .21 | .03| .01
150 | 216000 | .43 | .10| .04| .31 | .05| .02
200 | 288000 | .57 | .16| .07| .42 | .08| .04
250 | 360000 | .71 | .24| .10| .52 | .12| .05
300 | 432000 | .85 | .32| .14| .63 | .16| .07
350 | 504000 | .99 | .43| .18| .73 | .21| .09
400 | 576000 | 1.13 | .54| .23| .83 | .27| .12
450 | 648000 | 1.28 | .67| .29| .94 | .33| .14
500 | 720000 | 1.42 | .81| .35| 1.04 | .40| .17
600 | 864000 | 1.70 | 1.14| .49| 1.25 | .55| .24
700 | 1008000 | 1.98 | 1.52| .66| 1.46 | .73| .32
800 | 1152000 | 2.27 | 1.96| .85| 1.67 | .94| .41
900 | 1290000 | 2.55 | 2.45| 1.06| 1.88 | 1.17| .51
1000 | 1440000 | 2.84 | 3.00| 1.30| 2.08 | 1.43| .62
1200 | 1728000 | 3.40 | 4.26| 1.85| 2.50 | 2.02| .88
1400 | 2016000 | 3.97 | 5.74| 2.49| 2.91 | 2.72| 1.18
1600 | 2304000 | 4.54 | 7.44| 3.22| 3.33 | 3.51| 1.52
1800 | 2592000 | 5.11 | 9.36| 4.06| 3.75 | 4.41| 1.91
2000 | 2880000 | 5.67 | 11.50| 5.00| 4.17 | 5.41| 2.34
2500 | 3600000 | 7.09 | 17.82| 7.72| 5.21 | 8.35| 3.62
3000 | 4320000 | 8.51 | 25.51| 11.05| 6.25 | 11.93| 5.17
3500 | 5040000 | 9.93 | 34.58| 14.98| 7.29 | 16.14| 6.99
4000 | 5760000 | ... | ... | ... | 8.34 | 21.00| 9.10
4500 | 6480000 | ... | ... | ... | 9.38 | 26.49| 11.47
-----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+---------
NOTE.—There seems to be no form of water pipe so perfect as to make
it fit for use in any and all cases and open to no improvement, but,
in the present state of knowledge, tarred cast iron seems to come the
nearest to this desideratum.
TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN
CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, CONDENSED FROM ELABORATE
TABLES PREPARED BY MESSRS. GEO. A. ELLIS AND A. H. HOWLAND, CIVIL
ENGINEERS, BOSTON, MASS.
------------+------------+-----------------------+-----------------------
U.S. gallons|U.S. gallons| 16-INCH PIPE. | 18-INCH PIPE.
discharged | discharged +-----------------------+--------+--------------
per minute.| per twenty-|Velocity| Friction |Velocity| Friction
| four hours.| in | Head. | in | Head.
| | feet. +------+-------+ feet. +------+-------
| | |Feet. |Pounds.| |Feet. |Pounds.
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+--------+------+-------
500 | 720000 | .80 | .22 | .09 | .63 | .13 | .06
1000 | 1440000 | 1.60 | .76 | .34 | 1.26 | .44 | .19
1500 | 2160000 | 2.39 | 1.63 | .71 | 1.89 | .93 | .40
2000 | 2880000 | 3.19 | 2.82 | 1.22 | 2.52 | 1.60 | .69
2500 | 3600000 | 3.99 | 4.34 | 1.88 | 3.15 | 2.45 | 1.06
3000 | 4320000 | 4.79 | 6.19 | 2.68 | 3.78 | 3.48 | 1.51
3500 | 5040000 | 5.59 | 8.37 | 3.63 | 4.41 | 4.70 | 2.03
4000 | 5760000 | 6.38 |10.87 | 4.71 | 5.04 | 6.09 | 2.64
4500 | 6480000 | 7.18 |13.70 | 5.93 | 5.67 | 7.67 | 3.32
5000 | 7200000 | 7.98 |16.85 | 7.30 | 6.30 | 9.43 | 4.08
5500 | 7920000 | 8.78 |20.33 | 8.71 | 6.93 |11.38 | 4.92
6000 | 8640000 | ... | ... | ... | 7.57 |13.49 | 5.84
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+--------+------+-------
------------+------------+-----------------------+-----------------------
U.S. gallons|U.S. gallons| 20-INCH PIPE. | 24-INCH PIPE.
discharged | discharged +--------+--------------+--------+--------------
per minute.| per twenty-|Velocity| Friction |Velocity| Friction
| four hours.| in | Head. | in | Head.
| | feet. +------+-------+ feet. +------+-------
| | |Feet. |Pounds.| |Feet. |Pounds.
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+--------+------+-------
500 | 720000 | .51 | .08 | .04 | .35 | .04 | .02
1000 | 1440000 | 1.02 | .27 | .12 | .71 | .12 | .05
1500 | 2160000 | 1.53 | .56 | .24 | 1.06 | .24 | .10
2000 | 2880000 | 2.04 | .96 | .42 | 1.42 | .41 | .18
2500 | 3600000 | 2.55 | 1.47 | .64 | 1.77 | .62 | .27
3000 | 4320000 | 3.06 | 2.09 | .90 | 2.13 | .87 | .38
3500 | 5040000 | 3.57 | 2.81 | 1.22 | 2.48 | 1.16 | .50
4000 | 5760000 | 4.08 | 3.64 | 1.58 | 2.84 | 1.50 | .65
4500 | 6480000 | 4.59 | 4.58 | 1.98 | 3.19 | 1.88 | .82
5000 | 7200000 | 5.11 | 5.62 | 2.43 | 3.55 | 2.31 | 1.00
5500 | 7920000 | 5.62 | 6.77 | 2.93 | 3.90 | 2.77 | 1.20
6000 | 8640000 | 6.13 | 8.03 | 3.48 | 4.26 | 3.28 | 1.42
7000 | 10080000 | 7.15 |10.86 | 4.71 | 4.96 | 4.43 | 1.92
8000 | 11520000 | ... | ... | ... | 5.67 | 5.75 | 2.49
9000 | 12960000 | ... | ... | ... | 6.38 | 7.25 | 3.14
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+-------+--------+------
------------+------------+-----------------------+----------------------
U.S. gallons|U.S. gallons| 30-INCH PIPE. | 36-INCH PIPE.
discharged | discharged +--------+--------------+--------+-------------
per minute.| per twenty-|Velocity| Friction |Velocity| Friction
| four hours.| in | Head. | in | Head.
| | feet. +------+-------+ feet. +-----+-------
| | |Feet. |Pounds.| |Feet.|Pounds.
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------
500 | 720000 | .23 | .01 | .00 | .16 | .01 | .00
1000 | 1440000 | .45 | .04 | .02 | .32 | .02 | .01
1500 | 2160000 | .68 | .09 | .04 | .47 | .04 | .02
2000 | 2880000 | .91 | .15 | .06 | .63 | .06 | .03
2500 | 3600000 | 1.13 | .22 | .09 | .79 | .09 | .04
3000 | 4320000 | 1.36 | .30 | .13 | .95 | .13 | .06
3500 | 5040000 | 1.59 | .40 | .17 | 1.10 | .17 | .07
4000 | 5760000 | 1.82 | .52 | .22 | 1.26 | .22 | .09
4500 | 6480000 | 2.04 | .64 | .28 | 1.42 | .27 | .12
5000 | 7200000 | 2.27 | .78 | .34 | 1.58 | .33 | .14
5500 | 7920000 | 2.50 | .94 | .41 | 1.73 | .39 | .17
6000 | 8640000 | 2.72 | 1.11 | .48 | 1.89 | .46 | .20
7000 | 10080000 | 3.18 | 1.49 | .65 | 2.21 | .62 | .27
8000 | 11520000 | 3.63 | 1.93 | .84 | 2.52 | .80 | .35
9000 | 12960000 | 4.08 | 2.43 | 1.05 | 2.84 |1.00 | .43
10000 | 14400000 | 4.54 | 2.98 | 1.29 | 3.15 |1.23 | .53
11000 | 15840000 | 5.00 | 3.59 | 1.55 | 3.46 |1.47 | .64
12000 | 17280000 | 5.44 | 4.25 | 1.84 | 3.78 |1.74 | .75
13000 | 18720000 | 5.90 | 4.97 | 2.15 | 4.09 |2.03 | .88
14000 | 20160000 | 6.36 | 5.75 | 2.49 | 4.41 |2.35 |1.02
15000 | 21600000 | 6.80 | 6.58 | 2.85 | 4.73 |2.69 |1.17
16000 | 23040000 | ... | ... | ... | 5.05 |3.46 |1.32
17000 | 24480000 | ... | ... | ... | 5.36 |3.43 |1.49
18000 | 25920000 | ... | ... | ... | 5.68 |3.83 |1.66
20000 | 28800000 | ... | ... | ... | 6.30 |4.71 |2.04
------------+------------+--------+------+-------+--------+-----+-------
NOTE.—A pressure of one lb. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of
water 2.3093 feet or 27.71 inches high at 62° F.; and a pressure of
one atmosphere, or 14.7 lbs. per sq. in. is exerted by a column of
water 33.947 feet high, or 10.347 meters at 62° F.