_The Mason Pump Governor._ This pump governor, shown in Figs. 566 and
567, is attached directly to the rock arm of the pump, and operates a
balance valve placed in the steam pipe, thereby exactly weighing the
pressure of steam to the needs of the pump. As all the working parts
are immersed in oil, the wear is reduced to a minimum.
[Illustration: FIG. 567.]
The Mason governor consists mainly of a cylindrical shell, or
reservoir, as shown in sectional view, filled with oil or glycerine.
The plunger, _A_, is connected with the arm, _I_, to some reciprocating
part of the pump and works simultaneously with the strokes of the pump,
thereby drawing the oil up through the check valve, _DD_, into the
chambers, _JJ_, whence it is forced alternately through the passages,
_BB_, through another set of check valves into the pressure chamber,
_EE_. The oil then runs through the orifice, _C_, the size of which is
controlled by a key inserted at, _N_, into the lower chamber, to be
re-pumped as before. In case the pump or engine works more rapidly than
is intended the oil is pumped into the chamber, _EE_, faster than it
can escape through the outlet at, _C_, and the piston, _GG_, is forced
upward, raising the lever, _L_, with its weight, and throttling the
steam. In case the pump runs more slowly than was intended, a reverse
action takes place, the weight on the end of the lever, _L_, forces
the piston, _GG_, down and more steam is admitted. As the orifice at,
_C_, can be increased or diminished by adjusting the screw at, _N_, the
governor can be set within reasonable limits to maintain any desired
speed. The piston, _GG_, fits over the stationary piston, forming an
oil dashpot, thereby preventing dancing of the governor. This dashpot
is fed from the pressure chamber, _E_, through a passage which is
controlled by an adjusting screw, _K_, which is set with a screwdriver,
after removing the cap screw, _T_. It requires no further attention
after being once adjusted.
For duplex pumps up to 2-inch steam pipe, inclusive, this governor is
fitted with a duplex valve, which prevents the escape of oil from the
pressure chamber through the orifice, _C_, and thereby prevents the
steam valve from opening wide during the momentary pause of the pump
piston.
This governor should be placed on the pump at some point where the
requisite motion can be obtained for operating it, and also in such
a way that a rod can be run from the knuckle joint on the top lever,
_I_, to the valve in the steam pipe, as shown in the engraving. Place
the valve in the pipe, so that the stem shall be in a direct line with
the knuckle joint on the lever, and pull out the valve stem to its
full extent. With the ball on the governor in its lowest position,
connect the valve rod to the lever. The governor is then ready to be
filled with oil. Remove the plug on top of the gauge glass, and fill
the governor about half full with a good, clean, light grade of mineral
oil. The governor is then ready to work.
Start the pump at about its maximum speed; place the key in the keyhole
on the side of the governor and turn to the right until the speed of
the pump has diminished slightly. Open the throttle valve wide, and the
pump will be under full control of the governor. Should there be much
dancing or fluctuation of the ball, remove the screw, _T_, insert a
small screwdriver, and screw the adjusting screw in, at _K_, until the
irregular motion ceases. After the governor has run a little while, it
will be found that the oil in the glass gauge has dropped considerably.
It should then be refilled, so that the glass will be about half full
when the governor is at work. Under no circumstances should the gauge
be full, as too much oil will prevent the ball from coming down and
opening the valve when the steam pressure falls. As there is no glass
pressure upon the glass gauge the governor may be filled while in
motion by removing the plug on the top of the gauge.
[Illustration: FIG. 568.]
_The Mason elevator pump pressure regulator._ This regulator,
illustrated in Fig. 569, is designed for use in connection with
the larger sizes of steam pumps operating hydraulic elevators. Its
important feature is in operating on the slightest change of pressure
opening to its fullest extent and closing the steam valve promptly and
positively.
Referring to sectional view, Fig. 570, the operation of this valve is
as follows: steam from the boiler enters the regulator at the inlet,
indicated by the arrows and passes through into the pump, which
continues in motion until the required water pressure is obtained
in the system, and through a 1/4-inch pipe connected to, _A_, acts
upon the diaphragm, _B_. This diaphragm is raised by the excess
water pressure, and carries with it the weighted lever, _F_, opens
the auxiliary valve, _D_, and admits the water pressure from the
connection, _E_, to the top of the piston, at the same time opens the
exhaust ports under the piston, and allows the water under the piston
to escape into the drip pipe, thereby pushing the piston down, closes
the steam valve and stops the pump.
[Illustration: FIG. 569.]
As soon as the pressure in the system is slightly reduced, the lever,
_F_, on account of this reduced pressure under the diaphragm, is forced
down by the weight, carries with it the auxiliary valve, _D_, opens the
exhaust to the top of the piston, and also admits water pressure under
the piston, which is forced up and opens the steam valve, and starts
the pump.
The speed controlling device of the style A governor shown in Fig.
571 is simple and can be so set as to prevent the pump from racing,
regardless of the drop in water pressure. Surrounding the upper end
of the valve stem is a coiled spring, which acts as a cushion for the
valve and stem, and by the use of a spring, the stem can be quite
small thus reducing the friction in the stuffing-box to a minimum. The
tension of this spring is sufficient to firmly seat the valve, but if
excessive pressure is exerted on the piston, which is often the case
when two or more pumps are connected to the same mains, the spring will
be compressed and will allow the sleeve to slide down on the stem, thus
relieving the valve of the increased strain, which would be liable to
injure it or buckle the stem.
[Illustration: FIG. 570.]
The regulating hand wheel remains cool, and can be manipulated without
injury to the hands. The regulation is very simple, and is quickly
adjusted by simply turning the wheel to the right or left, to increase
or decrease the pressure. No locking device is necessary, as the wheel
will remain in any set position.
The cylinder will not become coated with lime, but will retain its
smooth surface over which the piston travels, insuring free action,
with no leakage around the piston. The drip is located at the extreme
upper travel of the piston, so as to retain sufficient water in the
cylinder to prevent any air from coming in contact with leather piston
packing. This arrangement insures a tight piston as the leather packing
will remain soft and pliable and at the same time the water serves as a
lubricant for the interior of the cylinder.
[Illustration: FIG. 571.]
The hand wheel can be placed in different positions and all that is
necessary to make the change is to take out the bolts and move the
regulating hand wheel to the desired position. By this arrangement the
engineer can set the hand wheel regardless of the arrangement of the
steam piping.
All sizes, including 1-1/2-inch and smaller, are made as shown in style
B, Fig. 572, and are not provided with an automatic speed controlling
device. This style is made especially for boiler feed pumps and for
supply pumps for the street system of hot water heating. They are also
fitted with a special valve for pumps working under very high steam and
low water pressure.
[Illustration: FIG. 572.]
The finished parts of these Carr steam pump governors, Figs. 571 and
572, are nickel plated.
The valves and seats in these governors and regulators are renewable,
Fig. 573. The tools necessary to remove the seats are a wrench and a
flat piece of iron wide enough to span the lugs on top of the upper
seat. The upper seat is threaded and screwed into the upper opening
in the valve chamber. The lower valve seat is fitted into the lower
opening, a steam-tight fit, but is free to move sufficiently to
compensate for the expansion of the valve.
[Illustration: FIG. 573.]
The bridges, which unite the valve seats, contain about an equal
quantity of metal, and are of equal length with the post that binds
the valve discs, thus compensating for the expansion and contraction
of the metal and insuring a perfectly tight valve, regardless of the
temperature of the steam.
_The Holyoke Improved Speed Governor for water wheels_ is shown in
Figs. 574 and 575. The following is a description of the two figures
where the same letters are used to designate the parts appearing in
both illustrations:
The pulley, A, is the receiving pulley, and is designed to run at 400
revolutions per minute, receiving its power from the water-wheel shaft,
or countershaft belted from the same.
Contained in the pulley, A, are the two governing weights, BB, of which
the centrifugal forces are overcome by the springs, CC. The varying
motions of the governing weights, BB, are transmitted through racks
and pinions in the hub of pulley, A, to levers, K and L, which operate
the valve, N, admitting water under a light pressure to the cylinder,
O. The water is admitted to the cylinder, O, through ports at either
end, causing the piston to move forward or backward, governed by the
movement of the governing weights, BB.
[Illustration: FIG. 574.]
[Illustration: FIG. 575.]
The pulley, A, is keyed to the main shaft, and at the opposite end is
keyed a bevel pinion running in mesh with a bevel gear on either side,
all of which are contained in the gear-case, P. These gears cause
the clutch discs, D, to run in opposite directions. In each disc is
a clutch, E, keyed to a shaft, transmitting power to the pinion, S,
running in mesh with the spur gear, R, which is loose on the shaft, J,
and transmits its power through the pin clutch, T, to gate shaft, J.
The gate shaft, J, is connected by a pair of bevel gears to the shaft
and hand wheel, Q.
The motion of the piston rod, I, caused by the movement of piston in
cylinder, O, is carried by the lever, G, to the clutch shaft, F, by
means of the pivoted nut at V. The clutch shaft, F, operates either
clutch, E, corresponding to the movement of the governing weights, BB,
caused by the variation in speed. From the clutch thus engaged, the
power is carried by the clutch shaft, F, through the gears, S and R,
and the pin clutch, T, to the gate shaft, J.
[Illustration: FIG. 576.]
The makers of the machine here described, say: “In the year 1902
our attention was called to a new governor invented by _Nathaniel
Lombard_, and after finding by actual tests that this governor
possessed advantages over all others then in use, we were induced to
make arrangements for its manufacture and sale. Two years have been
spent in improving and perfecting this machine, hence the name ‘The
Improved Governor.’”
The governor is provided with a steadying device operated by the chain,
H. The gate shaft, J, is designed to make four, six or eight turns to
open the gate, four being the regular number.
The receiving pulley and governor gate shaft may revolve in either
direction, as desired.
The receiving pulley is designed to run at 400 revolutions per minute,
and is driven by a 4-inch double belt.
The governor gate shaft may be arranged to open the gates in four, six
or eight turns, and may be extended on either or both sides of the
governor to meet the necessary requirements.
The governor is capable of exerting a pressure ranging from 25,000 to
50,000 foot pounds on the governor gate shaft.
The advantages claimed for this improvement on _the Lombard governor_
are thus stated: