Let me relate an instance which came und_Secret Band of Brothers A Full and True Exposition of All the Various Crimes, Villanies, and Misdeeds of This Powerful Organization in the United States.

man in Baltimore, sometime after he had been ruined at a gambling hell,

went there, but having no money, was not cared for by the gambler. He

laid down on the floor in a corner of the room, night after night. One

day, in particular, it was asked who he was. "Only a loafer," replied

the gambler. The young man was aroused from his stupor by the one with

whom he had gambled and lost, and was told to go about his business. The

young man replied, "Sir, you should be the last man to treat me so; it

was with you I first played cards, it was under your roof where I tasted

the first glass of wine;" and whilst thus expostulating, the gambler

pushed him out, he reeled down the stairs, fractured his skull on the

curb-stone and fell into the gutter. Mr. Green was present and saw this

base transaction. He raised the young man from the gutter, gave him a

handkerchief to wipe the blood from his forehead. The next day that

young man was found dead under one of the wharves. Now he, Mr. Green,

could not say that the gambler murdered him, but he was dead and held

the handkerchief in his clenched fist. That young man had swallowed the

wrong pill; why did not the gamblers tell him they were robbers and

assassins, why did they not stick to the truth. They dare not do it, and

he (Mr. Green) thought it his duty as a reformed man to speak truly and

act honestly. The present law which so much troubles Mr. Freeman was

passed with due deliberation unanimously, and when it goes into effect

on the first of July he would not wonder if there should be a very great

amount of trouble among more gamblers than Mr. Freeman. (Applause.)

_Mr. Freeman._ The gentleman wants to know, why this law grieves me

so--why! because it is trash. He (the speaker) did not expect to live in

Pennsylvania but a few days longer, as he intended going South, and if

he should chance to come back again, and choose to play a game of cards,

he did not wish to be placed on a par with incendiaries, robbers and

murderers. All of you, no doubt, have heard of steamboat racing, boilers

blowing up, &c.--everybody is up in arms about it, and cry aloud for a

law to stop this abominable racing. Now he (the speaker) could make the

round statement that there never has been one explosion of a boiler

during the time of a steamboat racing. The reason is plain. When the

race is going on, everybody is wide awake, the water is kept high, and

the boilers prevented from being overheated, and in such a case no

explosion can possibly take place. A law, therefore, passed to stop

steamboats racing in order to prevent boilers from bursting, would be

equivalent to the law passed relative to gambling. In conclusion, he

would say that he knew of but one gambler who had been in prison, and

not one south of Mason and Dixon's line, which was more than could be

said of any other profession. (Great applause.)

_Mr. Green_ (quickly.) Why is it so?--because the gamblers are eelish,

and not because they don't deserve the penitentiary; Mr. Freeman knows

that. (Roars of laughter and continued applause.)

_Mr. Elder._ Ladies and gentlemen, it is now proposed that a vote be

taken on the distribution of the proceeds of this evening. Mr. Green has

had the receipts of the two previous evenings, and at the first meeting

it was agreed to let the audience decide as to the third meeting.

_Voice._ Were not the lectures given by Mr. Green?

_Many Voices._ Question, question, question.

_Voice._ I demand an answer to my question, for I wish to vote

understandingly.

_Voices._ Calling question from all parts of the room.

_Another Voice._ Mr. Speaker, I wish to know one thing. Mr. Green says,

since his reformation, he has given back over twenty thousand dollars of

property which he won when he was a gambler. Now I wish to know if he

will give the proceeds of the night to the gamblers, if the question is

decided in his favour.

_Voices._ Question, take the question; loud talking and grumbling.

_First Voice._ Suppose it is decided in favour of Mr. Freeman, I wish to

know if the debate can be continued or not.

The question was now taken by rising, and silence being restored, the

Moderator said--"It is the decision of the chair, that the proceeds

belong to Mr. Freeman, by a very large majority."

_Voice._ Sir, there is a mistake.

_Moderator._ Are there any gentlemen here who are dissatisfied with the

decision?

_Voice._ I am.

Hon. Charles Gibbons, speaker of the Senate, proposed to take the

question by voice. This was agreed upon.

_Mr. Elder._ All in favour of the proceeds being given to Mr. Freeman,

say I. Here there was a tremendous response. The contrary opinion was

then taken, and the chair decided that the I's were in a large majority.

(Great applause.)

_Voice._ Mr. President, I demand back my quarter dollar--I can't pay

money to go into the pockets of a gambler. (Hisses.)

_Mr. Freeman._ The gentleman can have his quarter back with pleasure.

(Applause.)

The rest of the evening was consumed in the explanation of tricks of

gamblers by Mr. Green, which was intensely interesting, and he was

greeted with rounds of applause, as he successfully performed them.

From the City Bulletin.

A large audience assembled on Saturday night to listen to the last

debate on gambling. Mr. Freeman opened the ball with a great deal of

self-possession, and talked away in defence of a palpable wrong, with as

much coolness and composure as if he was discussing the last news by the

steamer. But his sophistry, as well as all the sneers and jeers of his

brethren in the audience, which betrayed themselves when Green began to

speak, could not keep the truth under. Before the evening closed, he had

every thing his own way, and was complete master of the field. Freeman

battled against the late law passed in this State--and contended that it

was of no avail in crushing the evil of gambling. He added that if it

was effective, it was effective against the wrong persons. He then

slurred over his opponent's position, charged him with insincerity, and

denounced all his tales of horror. He incidentally, however, took

occasion to say, that he could a tale unfold which would harrow up the

soul, a tale of his own personal adventure, as a gambler, and he invited

the audience to its recital to-morrow evening.

Mr. Green rose with the same pleasant smile which he always has worn

during his debate with Freeman, and met his opponent's positions, not

with smooth, oily, plausible words, but in a plain spoken, substantial,

truth-telling language. He reiterated all that he had charged against

gambling at former meetings. He said gamblers were no better than

thieves, that they cheated always when they could, and that they had

every advantage over those who fell into their clutches.

The audience were now called upon to vote as to the disposal of the

receipts at the door--Mr. Green having agreed that his opponent should

have them, if it was so decided. The vote was taken, and by a large

majority the receipts were awarded to Freeman.

The tricks now came on, Freeman having taken the ground that they could

not be done without detection with any cards. He accordingly placed upon

the table a pack of cards which he said he had purchased that evening.

Mr. Green in taking the cards asked that a committee should be appointed

to witness his tricks, and report to the assembly, but Freeman and his

friends put in a decided objection to this. Green at once told the

audience he would gratify them and perform the tricks openly. Here came

his triumph, which was complete. He took the very cards which his

opponent had bought, and with them showed conclusively, that all he had

charged in relation to the expertness and skill of gamblers, and of

course, their immense advantages over their opponents, was true.

Thus has ended a debate which, we do think, has been productive of good

to the community, while it has vindicated most fully the position which

Green takes in his work of reform. We have no sympathy for Freeman,

while he maintains his present stand, though we freely confess he is a

gentleman of ability, and that we should be most happy to see him a

co-labourer with Green, in crushing the vice of gambling. He says he is

broken down in health and spirits. We know of nothing which can restore

the last, and make him bear the first with greater resignation, than

retire to the path of virtue.

From the North American.

The gambling discussion between Messrs. Green and Freeman was closed on

Saturday evening, before a very large and interested audience. After

some speaking on either side, which was listened to with becoming

patience and attention, the tricks--which were evidently the great point

of interest--were in order, and Mr. Green proceeded to fulfil his

promises to the letter. Mr. Freeman had brought a pack of cards of his

own selection and preparation, and Mr. Green objected that this could

hardly be considered fair, and said that he should prefer the

appointment of a committee to provide cards, and superintend the

experiments. Upon this Mr. Freeman commenced declaiming in a triumphant

tone against his antagonist; but Mr. Green cut him short by stating that

he was willing to proceed with the cards that Mr. Freeman had brought.

Mr. Gibbons then took the pack and marked it with a pencil, so that he

might be sure of recognising it. Mr. Green then took them from him,

shuffled them a moment with his hands under the table, and showed them

to Mr. Gibbons, who pronounced them the same he had marked. Mr. Green

then dealt them in separate heaps, and Mr. Gibbons turned up the faces,

and showed the audience that each of the thirteen heaps contained the

four aces, four kings, four queens, and so on down to the four deuces.

The cards were then shuffled, and Mr. Green ran them off, the backs

being upward, so rapidly that the eye could scarcely follow the motion

of his fingers--naming each card as he threw it off, and making but

_one_ mistake in the whole fifty-two cards. This extraordinary feat was

received by the audience with acclamations, as being most convincing

proof of the power of gamblers to perform the swindling deceptions with

the cards, that Mr. Green has charged upon the nimble-fingered

fraternity. The audience then good-naturedly voted Mr. Freeman the

pecuniary proceeds of the evening, as a remuneration for the zeal he had

displayed in a bad cause. The question was then put to the audience

whether Mr. Green had satisfactorily performed all he had undertaken,

and loudly answered in the affirmative.

From the United States Gazette.

The discussion on this important subject was continued and concluded, on

Saturday evening, by Messrs. Green and Freeman.

A man who can for a few minutes interest an audience so much in favour

of the vice of gambling, as to make them shut out its horrible

deformity, must possess more than ordinary powers, and we question much

whether, of the whole fraternity of gamblers, one could be found better

adapted for the Herculean task which Mr. Freeman set himself. That which

the mind is accustomed steadily to dwell upon, and upon which action is

had repeatedly, will scarcely want for self-justification--and while the

error of proceeding is reluctantly admitted, whatever may tend to

justify, however slightly, is eagerly seized upon and proclaimed. There

is scarcely an evil practice for which the doer may not raise up or

create reasons in justification, and plausible arguments may be made to

gloss over the most detestable and indefensible crimes.

A kind of Letheon is administered to the judgment by continual

progression in some improper path, till that which is to all others

palpably and painfully degrading becomes pleasant and eminently proper

in him who labours under the mental oblivion. Such a course Mr. Freeman

has trod, for while he admits that gambling is pernicious, he clamours

for the natural right which all men possess, to do it so long as they do

not meddle with others, and insists that it in no way gives occasion for

the exercise of legal power by the fact that he has played at cards, and

lost or won money. If it could be confined to individuals--if the

penalty of the crime was visited only upon the doer--- if the moral and

pecuniary destruction which gambling visits upon all who offer tribute

at its altar, went no farther than him who made the offering, then Mr.

Freeman would have a proper privilege, and would be right in saying that

a man violated no law by the practice of the nefarious profession. But

there are few, very few, we suppose, who are not connected by the ties

of blood, the bonds of matrimony, or the relation of father to child,

who are all affected by such degradation as the gambler visits upon

himself, and who feel the bitter poignancy of the stroke with greater

force than he whose heart has been gradually but surely abased. While a

man has a single relation or friend, he should not gamble; and if he

stood alone in the world, with no friend, the fear of the eternal

judgment should deter him from the commission of the sin.

Mr. Freeman is a plausible man; he talks earnestly and fluently, and his

argument is clear and comprehensive, so far as it goes. He thinks

readily and speaks aptly. As a debater, he far excels his opponent Mr.

Green, and with a good cause would be an opponent difficult to conquer.

But few, we think, expected so much of the metaphysics of gambling as he

gave, but after he had constructed his argument, and presented the

justification of the fraternity, it was marvellous how quickly the one

crumbled and the other was turned to condemnation, by the application of

the tests of reason and truth which Mr. Green applied. Facts stood

stubbornly before Mr. Freeman's theories, and bore them down, and the

experiments with the cards which closed the lecture, demonstrated,

beyond a doubt, how far an unscrupulous gambler could carry his villany

against an unsuspecting victim. With a rapidity that defied observation

and detection, Mr. Green performed several tricks, by which he produced

any card or series of cards at will, and even read eighteen cards in

succession by the backs.

In his argument, Mr. Freeman invariably rose in the estimation of the

audience, but he rose only to fall again. There may have been respect

for his abilities, but there was greater sorrow that so unprofitable and

degrading a direction had been given to them. Every argument that he

used became, upon reflection, an argument against gambling, and the only

thing he really effected, was the proof that the law recently passed

against gamblers by the legislature of this State is not stringent

enough.

Mr. Freeman announced that on Wednesday next, he would deliver a

lecture, in which he would review his course of life, and offer

arguments against gambling--which he freely confessed to be a vice, even

while he proclaimed his right to practise it. Such an exposition cannot

fail to be of deep interest.

From the Inquirer.

This controversy was continued on Saturday evening, Dr. Elder in the

chair. The Lecture-room at the Chinese Museum was crowded on the

occasion.

Mr. Freeman commented on the notice taken by the press of the

controversy--in general it was manly and dignified; Mr. Freeman read

from the Post, in which gambling was severely opposed. The ground on

which Mr. Freeman had canvassed this matter was, he contended, in

accordance with Blackstone, Paley, and other great men, who

thought--namely, that a man had a right to do what he liked with his own

things. Mr. Freeman held that a thing might be legally right and morally

wrong. A man had a legal right (he contended) to gamble--but in a moral

light he would not defend it. Suppose a man had two sons, and, from some

trivial cause, he resolved to cut off one of them with a shilling. He

had a legal right so to do--but perhaps he was morally wrong. Mr.

Freeman answered an article that had appeared in the Post. Mr. Freeman

contended that young men who engaged in gambling, did so generally from

a bad system of education.

The Post had contended, in opposition to Mr. Freeman's maxim that a man

had a right to do what he pleased with his own things, so long as he did

not interfere with others, that gambling did interfere with the rights

of others; for example, it might prevent men from paying their debts, or

it might prompt them to commit suicide, either of which was a wrong to

society. Mr. Freeman contended, nevertheless, that a man had such a

right--certainly he had, if he were not in debt--but if he were, it was

then his duty to live as long as he could, to endeavour to pay his

debts. Mr. Freeman illustrated his points by allusions to Gen. Taylor

and Gen. Jackson--adding, "let the truth be told if the heavens fall."

Mr. Freeman again opposed the new law passed against gambling--for, he

said, it was so shaped, that if a man of property gambled, he could not

be troubled, but a poor, itinerant gambler could be punished. Mr.

Freeman read the law in proof--wherein a difference certainly appeared

to be made between those who had something to live upon, and a merely

itinerant gambler--the latter liable to imprisonment if he kept a gaming

house, of from one to five years. Indeed, "being without a fixed

residence" is one of the features of the law. Such a law appeared to Mr.

Freeman as if, for example, a man of standing were to go into a store

and steal, he would be let off--- whereas, if an itinerant man were to

steal, he must be punished with years of imprisonment. The cases were

parallel, and yet, it seemed to him that a man of good standing ought to

be punished more severely than the other, because his temptations were

not so great. Such a law, so partial, was a disgrace to the

statute-book. From what he knew of legislators, he thought they had made

such a law, knowing that gambling was a bad vice, as a bugbear, to deter

people from engaging in it--and, in some cases, because they were afraid

of public opinion, and servilely followed the crowd, lest at some future

time they might lose their election.

Mr. Freeman said that he considered himself as an anti-gambler--but

injustice had been done to gamblers, and he had defended them as far as

he consistently could--and if an audience would meet him on Tuesday

night, he would give them an anti-gambling lecture. He differed with Mr.

Green.

Mr. Green wished to know why Mr. Freeman should dislike the law so much,

if he considered gambling a bad vice--he (Mr. Green) really did not

understand such a position. Such was the effect of gambling upon the

mind, that he was sure that when Mr. Freeman first lost his money,

(three thousand dollars,) and first became a gambler, he would not have

spoken as he had that night. A young man, in gambling, was driven on by

degrees, by the excitement of cards, of fine wines, society, &c.

Gamblers ridiculed all ideas of reform, and said to the young man, you

know all about us--we are called gamblers--and the young man thinks he

knows all about them, as he finds them fascinating--but he knows nothing

about them. When the young man is ruined, what do the gamblers do for

him? Nothing. Such a young man in Baltimore was thus ruined, and became

a sot--and at length had no place to sleep, unless the gamblers allowed

him. One night, he was awakened by the gambler shaking him, and calling

him a loafer. The poor man said, "I do not deserve this at your hands.

This was the first house I gambled in." The gambler threw him down

stairs, and his head struck the curb-stone, and Mr. Green lent him his

handkerchief to bind up the wound, and prevented further mischief being

done to him. The next day he was found under one of the wharves--_dead!_

And such was the treatment inflicted on him by the gamblers. Mr. Green

then defended the new law.

Mr. Freeman said that he opposed the law because he thought it

discreditable to Pennsylvania--that there should be a law to the effect

that, "If I play cards, a man may say to me--there, you have done an act

that, if legally visited, would send you to the Penitentiary." Mr.

Freeman illustrated his views by a reference to the explosion of

steamboats. Mr. Freeman said that there was never but one gambler put

into prison south of Mason & Dixon's line. Mr. Freeman hinted that Mr.

Green at Harrisburg had shown gambling tricks upon cards, with packs

that were known to him--prepared cards, in fact. He thus astonished the

natives. And this was one influence brought in aid of a passage of the

law.

A vote was then taken on the question--"Shall the proceeds of this night

be given to Mr. Freeman?" It was decided in the affirmative by a large

majority.

Mr. Freeman did not deny that cheating was practised by the gamblers.

But Mr. Freeman contended that Mr. Green could not perform the tricks,

could not cheat with cards that he was not familiar with. Mr. Freeman

produced a pack which he had just bought, and were otherwise

untouched--and he said that Mr. Green could not operate with that pack.

He defied him.

Mr. Green said that this was no argument. But if Mr. Freeman would

agree, and the meeting would appoint a committee of twelve citizens, he

would before that committee meet Mr. Freeman, and with those cards

exhibit tricks of gamblers.

Some discussion ensued, and it was agreed that a committee should be

appointed. Subsequently Mr. Green said he would exhibit before the

audience; but that if Mr. Freeman shuffled the pack, he might of course

disarrange his (Mr. Green's) play. But Mr. Green had contended that any

gambler _in his own play_ could cheat. And Mr. Green displayed several

extraordinary tricks, in which he was remarkably successful,

particularly in illustrating the facility with which two partners in

gambling could win from their opponents with certainty.

At the conclusion of the meeting, upon Mr. Freeman submitting to the

audience the question--"Have I sustained my position?"--it was decided

in the negative. The question however, was not put until the audience

had risen to depart--but the response was general.

From the Daily Sun.

We have been no inattentive observers of the debate on gambling, between

Mr. Green, and his able and plausible antagonist, Mr. Freeman--who

brought to the defence of a bad cause, an energy, an earnestness, and a

power of illustration, which, on any other subject, must have crowned

him with the laurels of a brilliant victory. But what power of

logic--what force of elocution--- what stretch, of fancy, _can_ defend

gambling?--which, even if right _in itself_, is yet attended by such

baneful consequences--such appalling effects--as to strike terror into

the hearts of the most reckless, and seal the lips of eloquence by the

blood of the unfortunate? This was illustrated in a most striking manner

in the recent debate--where a long tissue of false logic, on the part of

Mr. Freeman, was blown to the winds by the simple recital of a _fact_,

by Mr. Green detailing the death of a ruined gambler by the hands of a

prosperous one! _Blood_ dispelled all the illusions of logic. Argument

evaporated before the _corpse_ of the victim. Applause for ingenious

argument was hushed in a moment, when the dead body of the gambler

appeared in view! What a tribute to the power of _truth_--what a

tremendous triumph of nature, and her sacred laws, over the flimsy

artifices of passion, fiction, and a diseased imagination, fevered by

habitual vice.

Dr. Johnson says that the gambler is no better than a robber, because he

acquires property without an equivalent. The whole gist of the argument

lies here. You strip a man of fortune, or tear from his hands the

earnings of a long life, and give him in return--_nothing!_ Mr. Freeman

says, in answer to this--yes, you give him the chance of robbing you!

And he goes so far in his sophistry, as to contend that if a man

attempts to rob you on the highway, you have a right to rob him! Such is

the language of the gambler, on the rule of right, who wanting a

principle of virtue, resorts to every extravagant theory, to justify his

violations of the first law of nature.

Justice is the foundation of all human institutions: and this ordains,

that no man shall take from another, what is his own, without paying him

an equivalent. The gambler pays no equivalent--and hence, he stands on

the same platform with the robber.

The strong point in the logic of Mr. Freeman was, that _other

professions_ also acquire property without paying an equivalent, and

therefore gamblers were not criminal! We marvelled that a man of his

sagacity should venture on so gross a sophism. He alluded to speculators

and stock-jobbers, who gained their thousands without an exchange of

values, and exulted that the gambler was no worse. But could this make

the gambler an honest man, because other men were rogues? How desperate

the cause that could clutch at so frail a straw for support! Yet Mr.

Freeman appeared perfectly unconscious of the imbecility of his

reasoning. More perfect hallucination we never beheld!

Every man _feels_, when he gains property without an equivalent, that he

has done a wrong. Every dollar so acquired plants a fang in his heart.

Conscience goads him. He is miserable, restless, tortured, and for

temporary relief flies to the transient oblivion of the bowl. When he

wins, he drinks--and when he loses, he drinks to desperation. He feels

that when he wins, he is a rogue--and that when he loses, he is a

victim--no matter whether gambler, speculator or stock-jobber--he has

violated the _rule of right_, by acquiring property without an

equivalent; and he feels the degradation of the robber, who cries

"stand!" to the passenger on the highway, and extorts his purse, with

the pistol at his breast.

Of the fascinating charms of gambling, history has left us too many

records to make us insensible of the importance of the safe-guards which

society ought to erect, to defend itself from the poison of so

infectious a contamination. Who would believe, that the great

_Wilberforce_ was once a gambler! That even _Pitt_ once stood on the

brink of a gambler's hell. But Wilberforce was cured by _winning_ £2000

at _Holland-house_--and such was the pain he felt for those who had lost

their money, that it prevented all "his future triumphs in the infernal

regions." But in those regions, flourished the greatest statesmen and

wits of the age--who fell victims to the prevailing fascination of the

gaming-table. What destroyed _Charles James Fox_, as a statesman?

_Gambling!_ What brought the brilliant _Sheridan_ to the grave?

Intoxication, brought on by the ill-starred luck of the ruined gamester?

"_Holland-house!_" immortalized as the resort of genius, as well as for

its orgies of dissipation, is not less renowned to infamy, as having

been the "hell" of respectable gamesters.

There is a kind of democracy of crime, contended for by Mr. Freeman,

that has its charms to the ears of the groundlings. He is opposed to a

law that punishes _one_ class of gamblers only, instead of bringing

_all_, within the focus of its penalties! There is much truth in this.

Laws ought to be equal in their operation--but if they cannot be equal,

this is no reason why there ought to be no laws at all. This conclusion

is not warranted by any rule in logic or in government.

No man has a right to dispose of his property to the corruption of the

public morals. Mr. Freeman adduced the instance of a father having a

right to disinherit one son and prefer the other. This is not a parallel

case. The parallel would be a rich man leaving his fortune to found an

Institution of demoralizing tendency--say to teach you the art of

cheating! The laws would annul such a bequest. Society has an original,

inherent right to defend itself from all evil--and that gaming is an

evil, whether played with cards, lotteries, dice, stocks, or betting,

not even Mr. Freeman could seriously deny.

In the late debate between these celebrated speculators,--one reformed,

the other confirmed in his vicious career--it was observed, what a tower

of strength _truth_ gives to the man who espouses the _just_ cause. Mr.

Green stood self-vindicated by his very position--while the labour of

_Sisiphus_ devolved on Mr. Freeman. But the stone would not stay rolled

up hill. It was no sooner at midway from the summit, but back it rolled

upon its unfortunate and panting labourer.

The fostering power which _intemperance_ derives from the excitements of

the gaming-table, would itself prove an effectual argument against this

monstrous infatuation, if no other existed. But when we find

intoxication, only one of a legion of vices that attend on it--and that

fraud, cheating, forgery, swindling, robbery, murder, and suicide, are

its unfailing companions--we may well marvel that it should find any man

so reckless of public opinion, as to venture its championship. Mr.

Freeman went so far in this mad advocacy of his darling pursuit, as to

justify _suicide_! In this, however, he was perfectly consistent--for if

gaming of any kind is right, so is murder, robbery, and suicide. In

this, Mr. Freeman over-reached himself--and by attempting too much,

exposed the futility and weakness of his case.

One fact, of a highly useful import, was established by this debate--and

having received the concurrent attestation of Mr. Freeman, must now be

considered as no longer open to doubt--that _cheating_ is a necessary

part of gaming, from which even _honourable_ gamblers--(what a

revolting solecism!)--do not shrink! But this is not the worst of the

admissions made, in the course of this debate--which we here enumerate:

1. The winner is always in danger of murder--and runs for his life.

2. The loser becomes a cheat, a murderer, a suicide, or a drunkard.

3. The tortures of the damned are common to all gamblers, winners and

losers.

4. Deception and lying are their common attributes.

5. Outlawed by public opinion--they wage implacable war against the

morals, peace, and happiness of society.

* * * * *

So many allusions have been made to the Laws of Ohio and Pennsylvania

against gambling, that it is thought necessary to append them here, that

the reader may judge for himself how far the charges of impolicy,

partiality, and non-efficiency are justified by these instruments.

[_Law of Pennsylvania for the Suppression of Gambling, drafted by_

J. H. GREEN.]

SECTION 1. _Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of

the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is

hereby enacted by the authority of the same_, That if any person shall

keep a room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, to be used or

occupied for gambling, or shall, knowingly, permit the same to be used

or occupied for gambling; or if any person, being the owner of any

room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall rent the same to

be used or occupied for gambling, the persons so offending shall, on

conviction thereof, be fined in any sum not less than fifty nor more

than five hundred dollars; and if the owner of any room, building,

arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall know that any gaming-tables,

apparatus, or establishment is kept or used in such room, building,

arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, for gambling, and winning, betting, or

gaining money, or other property, and shall not forthwith cause

complaint to be made against the person so keeping or using such room,

building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, he shall be taken, held, and

considered to have knowingly permitted the same to be used and occupied

for gambling.

SECT. 2. If any person shall keep or exhibit any gaming-table,

establishment, device, or apparatus to win or gain money, or other

property of value, or to aid, assist, or permit others to do the same;

or if any person shall engage in gambling for a livelihood, or shall be

without any fixed residence, and in the habit or practice of gambling,

he shall be deemed and taken to be a common gambler, and upon conviction

thereof, shall be imprisoned and kept at hard labour in the penitentiary

not less than one, nor more than five years, and be fined five hundred

dollars, to be paid into the treasury of the county where such

conviction shall take place, for the use of common schools therein, to

be divided among the accepting school districts in such county, in

proportion to the number of taxable inhabitants in each district.

SECT. 3. If an affidavit shall be filed with the magistrate before whom

complaint shall be made of an offence against any provision of this

act, stating that the affiant has reason to believe, and does believe,

that the person charged in such complaint has upon his person, or at any

other place named in such affidavit, any specified articles of personal

property, or any gaming-table, device, or apparatus, the discovery of

which might lead to establish the truth of such charge, the said

magistrate shall, by his warrant, command the officer, who is authorized

to arrest the person so charged, to make diligent search for such

property and table, device, or apparatus; and if found, to bring the

same before such magistrate, and the officer so seizing shall deliver

the same to the magistrate before whom he takes the same, who shall

retain possession, and be responsible therefor until the discharge, or

commitment, or letting to bail of the person charged; and in case of

such commitment, or letting to bail of the person so charged, such

officer shall retain such property, subject to the order of the court

before which such offender may be required to appear, until his

discharge or conviction. And in case of the conviction of such person,

the gaming-table, device, or apparatus shall be destroyed, and the

property shall be liable to pay any judgment which may be rendered

against such person; and after the payment of such judgment and costs,

the surplus, if any, shall be paid to the use of the common schools

aforesaid, and in case of the discharge of such person by the

magistrate, or court, the officer having such property in his custody

shall, on demand, deliver it to such person.

SECT. 4. If any person called to testify on behalf of the state before

any justice of the peace, grand-jury, or court, upon any complaint,

information, or indictment, for any offence made punishable by this act,

shall disclose any fact tending to criminate himself in any manner made

punishable by this act, he shall thereafter be discharged of and from

all liability to prosecution or punishment for such matter or offence.

SECT. 5. It shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, chief

magistrate of any municipal incorporation, or judge of any court of

Common Pleas, upon complaint upon an oath, that any gaming-table,

establishment, apparatus, or device is kept by any person for the

purpose of being used to win or gain money or other property, by the

owner thereof, or any other person, to issue his warrant, commanding any

sheriff, or constable, to whom the same shall be directed, within the

proper jurisdiction, after demanding entrance to break open and enter

any house or other place wherein such gaming establishment, apparatus,

or device shall be kept, and to seize and safely keep the same, to be

dealt with as hereinafter provided.

SECT. 6. Upon return of said warrant executed, the authority issuing the

same shall proceed to examine and inquire touching the said complaint,

and if satisfied that the same is true, he shall order the officer so

seizing such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, forthwith to

destroy the same; which order the said officer shall proceed to execute

in the presence of said authority, unless the person charged as keeper

of said gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, shall, without

delay, enter into a recognisance in the sum of six hundred dollars, with

sufficient sureties, to be approved by said authority, for the appeal of

said complaint to the Court of Common Pleas, next to be held in the

proper county, conditioned that the defendant will appear at the next

term of the court to which he appeals, and abide the order of said

court, and for the payment of the full amount of the fine and all costs,

in case he shall be found guilty of the offence charged, and judgment be

rendered against him in said court.

SECT. 7. The officer taking such recognisance shall return the same to

the clerk of the court to which said appeal is taken forthwith, and such

clerk shall file the same in his office, and the complaint shall be

prosecuted in such court, by indictment, as in other criminal cases; and

upon conviction thereof, the appellant shall be fined not more than

fifty dollars, and shall pay the costs of prosecution; and such gaming

establishment, apparatus, or device shall be destroyed.

SECT. 8. If any person or persons shall, through invitation or device,

persuade or prevail on any person or persons to visit any room,

building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, kept for the use of

gambling, he or they shall, upon conviction thereof, be held responsible

for the money or properties lost by such invitation or device, and fined

in a sum not less than fifty, and not more than five hundred dollars.

SECT. 9. It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, constables, and all

prosecuting attorneys to inform and prosecute all offenders against this

act, and upon refusal thereof, they shall pay a fine of not less than

fifty, nor more than five hundred dollars.

SECT. 10. This act shall be given in charge to the Grand Jury, by the

President Judge of the Court of Quarter Sessions in the respective

counties.

SECT. 11. This act shall take effect on the first day of July next.

[_Law of Ohio for the suppression of Gambling, drafted by_

J. H. GREEN.]

SECTION 1. _Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio_,

That if any person shall keep a room, building, or arbour, booth, shed,

or tenement, to be used or occupied for gambling, or shall, knowingly,

permit the same to be used or occupied for gambling; or if any person,

being the owner of such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or

tenement, shall rent the same to be used or occupied for gambling, the

persons so offending shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in any sum

not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars; and if

any owner of any room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall

know that any gambling-tables, apparatus, or establishment, is kept or

used in such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, for

gambling, and winning, betting, or gaining money, or other property, and

shall not forthwith cause complaint to be made against the person so

keeping or using the room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement,

he shall be taken, held, and considered to have knowingly permitted the

same to be used and occupied for gambling.

SECT. 2. If any person shall keep or exhibit any gaming-table,

establishment, device, or apparatus to win or gain money, or other

property of value, or to aid or assist, or permit others to do the same;

or if any person shall engage in gambling for a livelihood, or shall be

without any fixed residence, and in the habit or practice of gambling,

he shall be deemed and taken to be a common gambler, and upon conviction

thereof, shall be imprisoned and kept at hard labour in the

penitentiary not less than one, nor more than five years, and be fined

five hundred dollars, to be paid into the treasury of the county where

such conviction shall take place, for the use of common schools therein.

SECT. 3. If an affidavit shall be filed with the magistrate before whom

complaint shall be made of an offence against any provisions of this

act, stating that the affiant has reason to believe, and does believe,

that the person charged in such complaint has upon his person, or at any

other place named in such affidavit, any money, or any specified

articles of personal property, or any gaming-table, device, apparatus,

the discovery of which might tend to establish the truth of such charge,

the said magistrate shall, by his warrant, command the officer, who is

authorized to arrest the person so charged, to make diligent search for

such money or property, and table, device, or apparatus; and if found,

to bring the same before such magistrate--and the officer seizing the

same, shall retain possession thereof, subject to the order of the

magistrate before whom he takes the same, until the discharge, or

commitment, or letting to bail of the person charged; and in case of

such commitment, or letting to bail of the person so charged, such

officer shall retain such property, subject to the order of the court

before which such offender may be required to appear, until his

discharge or conviction. And in case of the conviction of such person,

the gaming-table, device, or apparatus shall be destroyed, and the money

and other property shall be liable to pay any judgment which may be

rendered against such person; and in case of the discharge of such

person by the magistrate, or court, the officer having such property in

his custody, shall, on demand, deliver it to such person.

SECT. 4. If any person called to testify on behalf of the state before

any justice of the peace, grand-jury, or court, upon any complaint,

information, or indictment, for any offence made punishable by this act,

shall disclose any fact tending to criminate himself in any matter made

punishable by this act, he shall thereafter be discharged of and from

all liability to prosecution or punishment for such matter of offence.

SECT. 5. It shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, chief

magistrate of the municipal incorporation, or judge of any court of

common pleas, upon complaint on oath, that any gaming-table,

establishment, apparatus, or device is kept for the purpose of being

used to win or gain money or other property, by the owner thereof, or

any other person, to issue his warrant, commanding any sheriff,

constable, or marshal of any municipal corporation to whom the same may

be directed, within the proper jurisdiction, after demanding entrance,

to break open and enter any house or other place where such gaming

establishment, apparatus, or device shall be kept, and to seize and

safely keep the same, to be dealt with as hereafter provided.

SECT. 6. Upon the return of said warrant executed, the authority issuing

the same shall proceed to examine and inquire touching the said

complaint, and if satisfied the same is true, he shall order the officer

so seizing such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, forthwith to

destroy the same; which order the said officer shall proceed to execute

in the presence of said authority, unless the person charged as keeper

of said gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, shall, without

delay, enter into a recognisance in the sum of two hundred dollars, with

sufficient sureties, to be approved by said authority, for the appeal of

said complaint to the Court of Common Pleas, next to be held in the

proper county, conditioned that the defendant will appear at the next

term of the court to which he appeals, and abide the order of such

court, and for the payment of the full amount of the fine and all costs,

in case he shall be found guilty of the offences charged, and judgment

be rendered against him in said court.

SECT. 7. The officer taking such recognisance shall return the same to

the clerk of the court to which said appeal is taken forthwith, and such

clerk shall file the same in his office, and complaint shall be

prosecuted in such court, by indictment, as in other criminal cases; and

upon conviction, the appellant shall be fined not more than fifty

dollars, and shall pay the costs of prosecution; and such gaming

establishment, apparatus, or device shall be destroyed.

SECT. 8. It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, constables, marshals of

incorporated cities, towns, and boroughs, and of all prosecuting

attorneys, to inform and prosecute all offences against this act.

SECT. 9. This act shall be given in charge to the Grand Jury, by the

President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the respective counties.

SECT. 10. This act shall take effect on the first day of March next.

ELIAS F. DRAKE,

_Speaker of the House of Representatives._

SEABURY FORD,

_Speaker of the Senate._

Jan 17, 1846.

During the three evenings of the debate the Lecture-room of the Museum

was crowded with a most respectable audience; and thousands must have

read the reports given by the different Newspapers on the following

mornings. Throughout the community there was considerable excitement,

and we have no doubt that good has already resulted. The evils of

gambling are now familiar to many who never previously thought upon the

subject; and the excuses and defences urged for participating in the

vice have been stripped of their fallacious guises. For this work we owe

many thanks to the conductors of the public press who have come forth

ably and willingly to our assistance.

But we trust that the immediate advantages from the discussion are not

the only ones. It will be perceived from the reports given, that we met

with no common opponent. Mr. Freeman is perhaps not excelled, if he has

an equal, among gamblers, for talent, learning, and, what is more rare,

candour and honesty of character. From a lecture which he has since

delivered, we learn that he was on a professional visit to Philadelphia,

where he had bought some implements for gambling and was about to return

to the South, when his attention was arrested by a notice in a paper

that Mr. Green was to give a lecture in the Museum on the following

evening. For some years he had formed a resolution that if ever he had

an opportunity of hearing him, he would embrace it, and he now concluded

that he would stay another day for that purpose. He did so, attended his

lecture, and from antipathy to himself and the course he was pursuing,

was induced to send the challenge to the Sun newspaper which led to the

debate in the preceding pages. It is not improbable that while thinking

on the points he proposed to defend, his naturally acute mind perceived

their fallacy, as there was a gradual shifting of his position from the

subject of the original challenge, till on the last evening of the

debate he ended with the astonishing announcement that on the Tuesday

following he would deliver a lecture _against gambling_ in the same

place. Since then, he has delivered several lectures on the same

subject, has taken the temperance pledge, been admitted into one of the

divisions of the Sons of Temperance, and promises fair to be an

efficient labourer in the cause of truth and virtue. Like Paul, he seems

to have been arrested midway in his career, and by the power of

conscience compelled to build up what he once exerted himself to

destroy. May God prosper him in his labours, and give him grace to

continue unto the end.

[_Recommendation._]

Cincinnati, _July_, 1843.

We, the undersigned, believing that Mr. J. H. Green's proposed

publication ["The ARTS AND MISERIES OF GAMBLING"] will be eminently

useful in counteracting one of the most pernicious and demoralizing

vices of the age, take great pleasure in recommending it to the

patronage of the public.

Rev. CHARLES ELLIOTT,

_Editor of the Western Christian Advocate_.

Rev. L.L. HAMLINE,

_Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church_.

D.K. ESTE,

_Judge of the Superior Court, Cin. Ham. Co_.

Rev. JAMES P. KILBRETH.

SAMUEL WILLIAMS.

JOHN McLEAN,

_Judge of the United States Court._

Rev. W.H. RAPER.

THOMAS J. BIGGS,

_President of the Cincinnati College._

SAMUEL W. LYND, D.D.

_Pastor of the Ninth Street Baptist Church._

Hon. JACOB BURNET.

Rev. JOHN F. WRIGHT.

H.E. SPENCER,

_Mayor of Cincinnati._

LOTTERIES.

This is as deceptive, and as base a business, as was ever introduced

into any country. The apparent respectability of it, and of the men who

carry it on, is calculated to remove the scruples many might otherwise

have to patronizing it. The facility with which it can be patronized,

without the liability of exposure, and the promises of sudden gain so

artfully held out, are inducements not easily resisted by a money-loving

people, totally ignorant of the odds against them in the game they play.

All other games generally require the personal attention of the players

who patronize them; but this is a game at which any one can play, and

need never be seen, even by those against whom he may be playing.

Thousands of persons, who stand high in the estimation of their

neighbors for good conduct; men who would not, on any account, be found

at a gambling-table, will patronize lotteries. The ease with which it

can be done, without exposure, enables them to gratify, to the full

extent of their means, their passion for this base species of swindling.

In many of our large cities, numerous well-dressed young men are

constantly engaged in vending tickets through the streets, or from house

to house, and they can be bought as privately as the buyer may wish, or

he may send his servant for them. Thus it is that a man may gamble as

extensively as he pleases in lotteries, without his proceedings being at

all likely to become public.

In my description of lotteries, I shall confine myself to the lottery

scheme before us; because it will serve as an example of all others, and

because the reader will be better able to comprehend explanations of

this system than if I were to write of some scheme not here inserted.

By a reference to the tables of tickets, it will be seen that there are

fifteen packages of whole tickets, as many of halves, and thirty

packages of quarter tickets. Each package contains all the numbers, from

one up to seventy-eight, without a repetition of any one of them. The

tickets found in these tables are all that are intended for any one

drawing; and every successive drawing is but another edition of the same

tickets, all arranged in the same order, and with the same combination

numbers; but they have a different class number on them. The proprietors

of a lottery furnish the printer with a copy of these tables, arranged

in a blank book, and this book is called the _scheme-book_, from which

as many as may be ordered from time to time are printed.

The arranging of the class numbers is a matter of fancy, as to what they

shall be; their only use being to determine to what particular drawing

any particular ticket belongs, in order that a ticket which proves to be

a blank may not, at some future drawing, be handed in for a premium, on

account of containing some of the numbers then drawn.

[Illustration: _Drawing of Lottery Tickets._]

THE DRAWING. There are several methods of conducting the drawing; but

that which is most commonly used is as follows:--

There is a hollow wheel, as represented in the plate; then there are

seventy-eight small tin tubes, scarcely half an inch in diameter, and

about three inches in length; these are for holding the numbers, from

one to seventy-eight; each number is on a separate piece of paper, which

is rolled up and put into a tube; these tubes, when the numbers have

been placed in them, are all put into the wheel, and a person is

selected to draw out one at a time from the wheel, which is opened, and

cried aloud, for the information of those present who may be interested.

The number is registered, for the future guidance of the lottery-dealer,

in determining what he shall pay those who may hold one or more of the

numbers so drawn. After this, the wheel is again turned, so as to mix

well the numbers contained in it, and a second is drawn; and the same

proceedings are gone over with, until twelve numbers are drawn, and

registered in the order in which they are drawn. Sometimes thirteen will

be drawn, it being customary, on many occasions, to draw one number for

every six contained in the wheel; but I cannot give this as a universal

rule, because I have often found it deviated from. Sometimes little boys

are selected to draw the numbers from the wheel--to give the impression

that every possible step has been taken to render the management as fair

as possible; but in this there is also much deception.

Swarms of domestic servants, day labourers, and the most poor and needy

persons daily visit these worse than gambling shops, where they risk

their little all, and get nothing in return but the delightful

anticipation of being rich when the "drawing" takes place.

True it has been the case that prizes have been drawn, and trumpeted

forth to the world, as inducements for others to buy. Having known how

some of these prizes have sometimes been obtained, will it be too much

to suppose that others are obtained in like manner? that is by the

proprietors of lotteries being swindled through the unfaithfulness of

their agents. A case came to my knowledge of a man who drew a capital

prize; and the mode of operation, by which it was effected, was as

follows: An agent, who was stationed in a town some distance from the

principal establishment, made two confidants, who, doubtless, readily

acted with him from hope of gain. One of these was the post-master of

the town, and the other an acquaintance, a patron of the lottery. The

duty of the agent was to transmit to the principal office all unsold

tickets, by the first mail that left after the known hour of drawing.

This mail also conveyed the lists of the drawing; but, in a regular

manner of proceeding, they would not have been accessible to the agent

before the departure of the stage with his unsold tickets. By making a

confidant of the post-master, however, he received the lists as quick as

possible after the mail arrived, and before it had been assorted. He

then examined his unsold tickets, and if any considerable prize

remained, he would take it from among the unsold tickets, and despatch

the remainder to the principal office, and give the prize to his other

confidant; each one giving out that the ticket had been sold to him; and

accordingly the prize would be claimed and paid, although fraudulently

obtained. In this particular case, the capital prize was drawn, and it

appeared that the ticket-holder appropriated all the money to his own

use, as he was known to buy much property shortly afterwards. It is

believed also, by those who were acquainted with the incident, that he

never divided with the rascally agent; and thus was the cheater cheated,

who, in his wrath, let out some of the secrets of the manner in which

the prize was obtained.

This same man has since met with reverses of fortune, and would now, I

believe, find it difficult to raise money sufficient to purchase a

ticket even of a low price.

Among the many cases of lottery swindling, every body has heard of the

great Louisiana real estate lottery, in which the prizes were to have

been the St. Charles Hotel, the Verandah, the St. Charles Theatre, the

Bank, the Arcade, and other magnificent buildings in New Orleans. It is

quite needless to say any thing of this, as the public has been pretty

well enlightened in regard to it, through the public journals of the

day.

The following is a copy of a handbill issued by the proprietors of the

lottery immediately after a drawing, for the information of

ticket-holders, and all others interested:--

DRAWING OF THE LOTTERY.

The following are the numbers which were this day drawn from the

seventy-eight placed in the wheel, viz.:--

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

------------------------------------

20 51 61 24 74 77 46 36 69 29 26 3

and that the said tickets were drawn in the order in which they

stand: that is to say, No. 20 was the first that was drawn; No. 51

was the 2d; No. 61 was the 3d; No. 24 was the 4th; No. 74 was the

5th; No. 77 was the 6th; No. 46 was the 7th; No. 36 was the 8th;

No. 69 was the 9th; No. 29 was the 10th; No. 26 was the 11th; No. 3

was the 12th, and last.

Those tickets entitled to the 110 highest prizes were drawn in the

following order:--

1 2 3 $30,000 | 7 8 9 $5,000

4 5 6 10,000 | 10 11 12 2,367 20

Those 6 tickets having on them the

2 3 4 | 3 4 5 | 5 6 7 | 6 7 8 | 8 9 10 | 9 10 11 > each 1,500

Those 100 tickets having on them the

1 2 4 | 1 4 7 | 1 7 9 | 2 3 11 | 2 6 10 \

1 2 5 | 1 4 8 | 1 7 10 | 2 3 12 | 2 6 11 |

1 2 6 | 1 4 9 | 1 7 11 | 2 4 5 | 2 6 12 |

1 2 7 | 1 4 10 | 1 7 12 | 2 4 6 | 2 7 8 |

1 2 8 | 1 4 11 | 1 8 9 | 2 4 7 | 2 7 9 |

1 2 9 | 1 4 12 | 1 8 10 | 2 4 8 | 2 7 10 |

1 2 10 | 1 5 6 | 1 8 11 | 2 4 9 | 2 7 11 |

1 2 11 | 1 5 7 | 1 8 12 | 2 4 10 | 2 7 12 |

1 2 12 | 1 5 8 | 1 9 10 | 2 4 11 | 2 8 9 |

1 3 4 | 1 5 9 | 1 9 11 | 2 4 12 | 2 8 10 |

1 3 5 | 1 5 10 | 1 9 12 | 2 5 6 | 2 8 11 > each 1,000

1 3 6 | 1 5 11 | 1 10 11 | 2 5 7 | 2 8 12 |

1 3 7 | 1 5 12 | 1 10 12 | 2 5 8 | 2 9 10 |

1 3 8 | 1 6 7 | 1 11 12 | 2 5 9 | 2 9 11 |

1 3 9 | 1 6 8 | 2 3 5 | 2 5 10 | 2 9 12 |

1 3 10 | 1 6 9 | 2 3 6 | 2 5 11 | 2 10 11 |

1 3 11 | 1 6 10 | 2 3 7 | 2 5 12 | 2 10 12 |

1 3 12 | 1 6 11 | 2 3 8 | 2 6 7 | 2 11 12 |

1 4 5 | 1 6 12 | 2 3 9 | 2 6 8 | 3 4 6 |

1 4 6 | 1 7 8 | 2 3 10 | 2 6 9 | 3 4 7 /

All others with three of the drawn numbers on, (being 110) each 300

Those 66 tickets having on them the 1st and 2d drawn numbers, each 100

Those 66 tickets having on them the 2d and 3d, each 80

Those 66 tickets having on them the 3d and 4th, each 50

Those 66 tickets having on them the 4th and 5th, each 40

Those 132 tickets having on them the 5th and 6th, or 6th and 7th, each 30

All others with two of the drawn numbers on, (being 3960,) each 20

And all tickets having one, only, of the drawn numbers on, each,

(being 25,740,) 10

Now, let us spend a few moments in examining this bill, and we shall see

how much truth there is in it. It says, that the ticket having on it the

three first drawn numbers will be entitled to the capital prize of

$30,000. Now, in the whole scheme before us, there is no such ticket.

The combination, 20, 51, 61, is not to be found in this arrangement.

Consequently, there was no ticket whose numbers entitled it to this

prize. Next, the bill says, the ticket having the fourth, fifth, and

sixth drawn numbers, which would have been 24, 74, 77, would be entitled

to a prize of $10,000. There is no such ticket in the combination.

Consequently this also is false. Now, it is evident that the dealers, in

publishing this bill, mean to impress the public with the idea, that

tickets, containing the necessary numbers to draw these prizes, are in

the lottery, and that somebody must, of course, draw them; but it is all

false, and a very little investigation will convince any one, that a

greater system of deception can hardly exist. Bear in mind, that the

bill says these prizes were drawn. The third prize was $5,000, and the

ticket which contained the seventh, eighth, and ninth numbers was to

draw this prize. These numbers are 36, 46, 69. There is no such

combination in the scheme-book--no such ticket was printed or sold.

Consequently, here is another falsehood. The same can be said of the

fourth prize--the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth numbers--being 3, 26, 29.

There is no such combination in the book, and no such prize could be

drawn. Of the next six prizes, of $1,500 each, said to have been drawn,

there was not a single ticket in the whole scheme which contained the

necessary numbers to draw any one of these six prizes!

It is next asserted, that there were in the lottery one hundred tickets,

having three drawn numbers, and entitled each to a prize of $1,000. This

I have examined, and I find that, instead of being one hundred, there

are but two--the first in magnitude being one from package number six,

of half tickets, bearing the numbers 20, 36, 51,--these being the first,

second, and eighth of the drawn numbers, and would entitle the holder to

one half of the $1,000, subject to a deduction of fifteen per cent. The

other is a quarter ticket, bearing the numbers 46, 51, 74--from the

twenty-seventh package, of quarters--being the second, fifth, and

seventh of the drawn numbers, and would entitle the holder of it to one

quarter of the $1,000, after deducting the fifteen per cent. But it is

well known that, frequently, scarce one half of the tickets of any one

class, intended for a particular drawing, are ever disposed of, and are

consequently returned to the manager's office, to be destroyed. Then,

what guaranty have we that the numbers entitled to the above pitiful

prizes were sold? They are as likely to be among the tickets returned

unsold, as among those sold. Next, the bill states that there were one

hundred and ten others, each having three drawn numbers, and were

entitled to a prize of $300 each. By a close investigation, I find but

one single ticket of this kind in the whole scheme. This is the ticket

in the twelfth package of quarters, bearing the numbers 61, 69, 77; and

if it had been sold, it would have entitled the holder to one fourth of

the $300, deducting 15 per cent. Next, the bill says, those sixty-six

tickets having the first and second drawn numbers, will each be entitled

to a prize of $100. In searching for these in the scheme-book, I find

but one that bears the first and second numbers; that is, in package

fourteen. The ticket having the numbers 20, 51, 66, is the only one

having the two first numbers; and if sold, the holder was entitled to

one half of the $100, it being a half ticket. Now, the reader may

perceive that I have examined and laid open, so that he too may examine,

this masterpiece of villany. I find that of the two hundred and

eighty-six highest prizes, which, their own handbill states, existed in

their lottery, and which, by their own figures, amounted to the enormous

sum of $195,967, and, in order to be drawn, only required that the

tickets should be bought,--I find, allowing every ticket to have been

sold, and afterwards every holder presented his ticket for the sum to

which it might be entitled, that of the two hundred and eighty-six said

to be in the scheme, there are but five, and these very inconsiderable;

and that the greatest amount of these five prizes, without deducting the

fifteen per cent, is only $875, instead of the enormous sum of $195,967.

Can it be possible that any person will be found to patronize lotteries,

after considering these facts?

I pass over those small prizes named after the first sixty-six having

the first and second drawn numbers on them, and will prove the balance

to be falsehoods, as the greater portion of the first part of the bill

is.

In the first place, let us see how many prizes are represented to exist,

not to say any thing of the blanks. In counting up the prizes named on

this bill, we find them to be 30,316; and I do not think they would

pretend to say that more than one half of their tickets were prizes.

Then we will say that they had an equal number of blanks. This would

carry their scheme up to over sixty thousand tickets; and even if they

were all prizes, and no blanks, (which they do not pretend,) who cannot

see the extreme improbability of their disposing of 30,316 tickets in

one week? for it must be remembered that these were all of one class,

and for one particular week's drawing. But the last witness, whose

overwhelming testimony will settle the question, is their own

scheme-book, of which an accurate copy is here given, and which shows

the number of tickets, for any one drawing, to be but 1,560, the half of

which, by great exertion, they might succeed in selling; each successive

drawing being another edition of these same combinations, with a

different class number on them. Now, let me ask, where are their 30,316

prizes to come from? What a scheme of deception do we here behold! and

one, too, that has been so long submitted to and patronized by the

public of this and other countries.

Another method of still further swindling the buyers of tickets, is much

practised in some parts of the country. The agents who sell the tickets

are authorized to insure them. When a man buys one, the price, perhaps,

might be ten dollars. The seller, if he has been authorized, will say,

"Now, sir, for ten dollars, I will insure your ticket to draw a prize."

This is enough for the buyer to have his ticket insured to draw a prize,

and possibly the capital prize: he pays an additional fee, and the agent

forwards the numbers of all the tickets, so insured, to the office where

the drawing is to be held; and there they manage to have these tickets

contain one (seldom more) of the drawn numbers. This entitles the buyer

to receive back the price of his ticket, after taking out 15 per cent.;

and as it was not a total blank, the insurer is safe, and retains the

sum paid for insurance. The buyer remains swindled out of the insurance,

and 15 per cent, of the cost. These swindling shops are numerous, and

are sometimes called _policy offices_.

We sincerely hope that our readers will examine with some attention the

developments we have made in relation to the deceptive schemes of the

lottery managers; for we feel that they cannot fail to convince every

man of common sense, who has a particle of moral principle and moral

honesty left, that he who encourages this basest of all swindling, by

purchasing tickets, is not alone an enemy to himself and family, but he

countenances a species of gambling that is extensively mischievous and

ruinous, and has for its victims many of our best citizens, young and

old; while, at the same time, he unintentionally throws a veil over the

villanous deeds of the lottery gambler and his unprincipled, as well as

his inexperienced supporters. We once more invite our readers to examine

our statements with attention.

The following tables represent, completely, the entire contents of a

lottery dealer's scheme-book, made for the guidance of the printer, in

printing tickets. At the close of the tables is represented a ticket,

with its class and combination numbers.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #1# | #2# | #3# | #4# | #5# | #6# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 27 53| 1 28 55 | 1 29 54| 1 30 56| 1 31 57| 1 32 58|

| 2 28 54| 2 29 56 | 2 30 55| 2 31 57| 2 32 58| 2 33 59|

| 3 29 55| 3 30 57 | 3 31 56| 3 32 58| 3 33 59| 3 34 60|

| 4 30 56| 4 31 58 | 4 32 57| 4 33 59| 4 34 60| 4 35 78|

| 5 31 57| 5 32 59 | 5 33 58| 5 34 60| 5 35 61| 5 36 77|

| 6 32 58| 6 33 60 | 6 34 59| 6 35 61| 6 36 62| 6 42 71|

| 7 33 59| 7 34 61 | 7 35 60| 7 36 62| 7 37 63| 7 43 70|

| 8 34 60| 8 35 62 | 8 36 61| 8 37 63| 8 38 64| 8 44 69|

| 9 35 61| 9 36 63 | 9 37 62| 9 38 64| 9 39 65| 9 45 68|

|10 36 62| 10 37 64 | 10 38 63| 10 39 65| 10 40 66| 10 46 67|

|11 37 63| 11 38 65 | 11 39 64| 11 40 66| 11 41 67| 11 37 76|

|12 38 64| 12 39 66 | 12 40 65| 12 41 67| 12 42 68| 12 38 75|

|13 39 65| 13 40 67 | 13 41 66| 13 42 68| 13 43 69| 13 39 74|

|14 40 66| 14 41 68 | 14 42 67| 14 43 69| 14 44 70| 14 40 73|

|15 41 67| 15 42 69 | 15 43 68| 15 44 70| 15 45 71| 15 41 72|

|16 42 68| 16 43 70 | 16 44 69| 16 45 71| 16 46 72| 16 27 57|

|17 43 69| 17 44 71 | 17 45 70| 17 46 72| 17 47 73| 17 28 56|

|18 44 70| 18 45 72 | 18 46 71| 18 47 73| 18 48 74| 18 29 55|

|19 45 71| 19 46 73 | 19 47 72| 19 48 74| 19 49 75| 19 30 54|

|20 46 72| 20 47 74 | 20 48 73| 20 49 75| 20 50 76| 20 31 53|

|21 47 73| 21 48 75 | 21 49 74| 21 50 76| 21 51 77| 21 47 65|

|22 48 74| 22 49 76 | 22 50 75| 22 51 77| 22 52 78| 22 48 66|

|23 49 75| 23 50 77 | 23 51 76| 23 52 78| 23 30 53| 23 49 64|

|24 50 76| 24 51 78 | 24 52 77| 24 27 53| 24 29 54| 24 50 63|

|25 51 77| 25 52 53 | 25 27 78| 25 28 54| 25 28 55| 25 51 62|

|26 52 78| 26 27 54 | 26 28 53| 26 29 55| 26 27 56| 26 52 61|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

The above lottery schemes were accurately copied from the scheme-book of

a lottery dealer in Vicksburg, Mississippi, and may be considered a fair

specimen of lottery combinations generally. The tables are for a 78

numbered lottery, every three perpendicular lines of figures containing

a package, and each package all the numbers, from 1 to 78, inclusive;

and there are also 26 tickets in each package.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #7# | #8# | #9# | #10# | #96# | #97# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 34 59| 1 60 78| 1 61 64| 1 35 36| 1 38 39 | 1 41 43|

| 2 36 60| 2 61 77| 2 62 65| 2 37 38| 2 40 49 | 2 42 45|

| 3 35 61| 3 62 76| 3 63 66| 3 39 40| 3 41 50 | 3 44 47|

| 4 37 62| 4 63 75| 4 29 78| 4 41 42| 4 42 51 | 4 46 49|

| 5 38 63| 5 64 74| 5 28 77| 5 43 44| 5 43 52 | 5 48 51|

| 6 49 74| 6 65 73| 6 27 76| 6 45 46| 6 44 53 | 6 50 53|

| 7 50 75| 7 66 72| 7 30 50| 7 47 48| 7 45 54 | 7 52 55|

| 8 51 76| 8 67 71| 8 31 51| 8 49 50| 8 46 55 | 8 54 57|

| 9 52 77| 9 68 70| 9 32 52| 9 51 52| 9 47 56 | 9 56 59|

|10 27 78| 10 53 69| 10 33 53| 10 53 54| 10 48 57 | 10 58 61|

|11 28 53| 11 27 52| 11 34 54| 11 55 56| 11 58 67 | 11 60 63|

|12 29 54| 12 28 51| 12 35 55| 12 57 58| 12 59 68 | 12 62 65|

|13 30 55| 13 29 50| 13 36 56| 13 59 60| 13 60 69 | 13 64 67|

|14 31 56| 14 30 49| 14 37 57| 14 61 62| 14 61 70 | 14 66 69|

|15 32 57| 15 31 48| 15 38 58| 15 63 64| 15 62 71 | 15 68 71|

|16 33 58| 16 32 47| 16 39 59| 16 65 66| 16 63 72 | 16 70 73|

|17 48 73| 17 33 46| 17 40 60| 17 67 68| 17 64 73 | 17 72 75|

|18 47 72| 18 34 45| 18 41 67| 18 69 70| 18 65 74 | 18 74 77|

|19 46 71| 19 35 44| 19 42 68| 19 71 72| 19 66 75 | 19 76 78|

|20 45 70| 20 36 43| 20 43 69| 20 73 74| 20 27 76 | 20 35 40|

|21 44 69| 21 37 59| 21 44 70| 21 75 76| 21 28 77 | 21 34 39|

|22 43 68| 22 38 58| 22 45 71| 22 77 78| 22 29 78 | 22 33 38|

|23 42 67| 23 39 57| 23 46 72| 23 27 28| 23 30 34 | 23 32 37|

|24 41 66| 24 40 56| 24 47 73| 24 29 30| 24 31 35 | 24 31 36|

|25 40 65| 25 41 55| 25 48 74| 25 31 32| 25 32 36 | 25 27 29|

|26 39 64| 26 42 54| 26 49 75| 26 33 34| 26 33 37 | 26 28 30|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

At the beginning of the first package you will see the numbers 1, 27,

53; they are placed on one ticket; and so with each succeeding three

numbers through the whole scheme.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #98# | #99# | #100# | | #101# | #101# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 13 | 14 | 15 | 00 | 1 | 1 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 45 44| 1 62 70| 1 27 78| | 1 2 53 | 1 2 60|

| 2 46 47| 2 63 71| 2 28 77| | 3 4 54 | 3 6 61|

| 3 48 49| 3 64 72| 3 29 76| | 5 29 55 | 4 7 62|

| 4 50 51| 4 65 73| 4 30 75| | 6 30 56 | 5 52 63|

| 5 52 53| 5 66 74| 5 31 74| | 7 31 57 | 8 51 64|

| 6 54 55| 6 52 75| 6 32 73| | 8 32 58 | 9 50 65|

| 7 56 57| 7 53 76| 7 33 72| | 9 33 59 | 10 49 66|

| 8 58 59| 8 54 77| 8 34 71| | 10 34 60 | 11 48 67|

| 9 60 61| 9 55 78| 9 35 70| | 11 35 61 | 12 47 68|

|10 62 63| 10 56 67| 10 36 69|Here ends| 12 36 62 | 13 46 69|

|11 64 65| 11 57 68| 11 37 68| Fifteen | 13 37 63 | 14 45 70|

|12 66 67| 12 58 69| 12 38 67|Packages | 14 38 64 | 15 44 71|

|13 68 69| 13 59 61| 13 39 66|of Whole | 15 39 65 | 16 43 72|

|14 70 71| 14 51 60| 14 40 65| Tickets | 16 40 66 | 17 42 73|

|15 72 73| 15 27 39| 15 41 64| | 17 41 67 | 18 41 74|

|16 74 75| 16 28 40| 16 42 63| | 18 42 68 | 19 40 75|

|17 76 77| 17 29 41| 17 43 62| | 19 43 69 | 20 39 76|

|18 43 78| 18 30 42| 18 44 61| | 20 44 70 | 21 38 77|

|19 27 42| 19 31 43| 19 45 60| | 21 45 71 | 22 37 78|

|20 28 41| 20 32 44| 20 46 59| | 22 46 72 | 23 36 53|

|21 29 40| 21 33 45| 21 47 58| | 23 47 73 | 24 35 54|

|22 30 39| 22 34 46| 22 48 57| | 24 48 74 | 25 34 55|

|23 31 38| 23 35 47| 23 49 56| | 25 49 75 | 26 33 56|

|24 32 37| 24 36 48| 24 50 55| | 26 50 76 | 27 32 57|

|25 33 36| 25 37 49| 25 51 54| | 27 51 77 | 28 31 58|

|26 34 35| 26 38 50| 26 52 53| | 28 52 78 | 29 30 59|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

There are, in these schemes, 15 packages of whole tickets, each

containing 26, which make an aggregate of 390, and the same number of

halves, which, if added to the former, will make 780; also, 30 packages

of quarters, making, in all, 1560. These comprise the whole of the

combinations here given, and are intended for one particular drawing,

constituting one class. For each successive drawing, another edition of

the same combinations are offered for sale, only with different class

numbers.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #103# | #104# | #105# | #106# | #107# | #108# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 3 61| 1 3 65| 1 4 66| 1 4 67| 1 5 68| 1 5 69|

| 2 4 62| 2 41 66| 2 42 67| 2 5 68| 2 6 69| 2 6 70|

| 5 6 63| 4 42 67| 3 43 68| 3 45 69| 3 7 70| 3 7 71|

| 7 8 64| 5 43 68| 5 44 69| 6 46 70| 4 45 71| 4 8 72|

| 9 31 65| 6 44 69| 6 45 70| 7 47 71| 8 46 72| 9 48 75|

|10 32 66| 7 45 70| 7 46 71| 8 48 72| 9 47 73| 10 49 76|

|11 33 67| 8 40 71| 8 47 72| 9 49 73| 10 48 74| 11 50 73|

|12 34 68| 9 39 72| 9 48 73| 10 50 74| 11 49 75| 12 51 74|

|13 35 69| 10 38 73| 10 49 74| 11 51 75| 12 50 76| 13 52 78|

|14 36 71| 11 37 74| 11 50 75| 12 52 76| 13 51 77| 14 31 77|

|15 37 70| 12 36 75| 12 51 76| 13 29 77| 14 52 78| 15 32 68|

|16 38 72| 13 35 76| 13 52 77| 14 30 78| 15 30 67| 16 33 67|

|17 39 73| 14 34 77| 14 41 78| 15 31 66| 16 31 66| 17 34 66|

|18 40 74| 15 33 78| 15 40 65| 16 32 65| 17 32 65| 18 35 65|

|19 41 75| 16 32 53| 16 28 64| 17 33 64| 18 33 64| 19 36 64|

|20 42 76| 17 31 54| 17 29 63| 18 34 63| 19 34 63| 20 37 63|

|21 43 77| 18 30 55| 18 30 62| 19 35 62| 20 35 62| 21 38 62|

|22 44 78| 19 29 56| 19 31 61| 20 36 61| 21 36 61| 22 39 61|

|23 45 53| 20 28 57| 20 32 60| 21 37 60| 22 37 60| 23 40 60|

|24 46 54| 21 52 58| 21 33 59| 22 38 59| 23 38 59| 24 41 59|

|25 47 55| 22 51 59| 22 34 58| 23 39 58| 24 39 58| 25 42 58|

|26 48 56| 23 50 60| 23 35 57| 24 40 57| 25 40 57| 26 43 57|

|27 49 57| 24 49 61| 24 36 56| 25 41 56| 26 41 56| 27 44 56|

|28 50 58| 25 48 62| 25 37 55| 26 42 55| 27 42 55| 28 45 55|

|29 51 59| 26 47 63| 26 38 54| 27 43 54| 28 43 54| 29 46 54|

|30 52 60| 27 46 64| 27 39 53| 28 44 53| 29 44 53| 30 47 53|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

The venders of lottery tickets possess an immense advantage over the

buyer, which is mostly in the extreme improbability of a prize of any

considerable amount being drawn. The numbers 1 to 78 are capable of

making 76076 combinations on what I may term the increasing ratio--that

is, the second larger than the first, and the third larger than the

second, in arithmetical progression; as, 5, 10, 15, &c.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #109# | #110# | #196# | #197# | #198# | #199# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 6 70| 1 6 71| 1 7 72| 1 7 73| 1 8 74 | 1 8 75|

| 2 7 71| 2 7 72| 2 8 73| 2 8 74| 2 9 75 | 2 9 76|

| 3 8 72| 3 8 73| 3 9 74| 3 9 75| 3 10 76 | 3 10 77|

| 4 9 73| 4 9 74| 4 10 75| 4 10 76| 4 11 77 | 4 11 78|

| 5 10 74| 5 10 75| 5 11 76| 5 11 77| 5 12 78 | 5 12 74|

|11 32 75| 11 33 76| 6 12 77| 6 12 78| 6 13 73 | 6 13 72|

|12 33 76| 12 34 77| 13 33 78| 13 52 72| 7 14 72 | 7 14 73|

|13 34 77| 13 35 78| 14 34 53| 14 51 71| 15 45 70 | 15 46 71|

|14 35 78| 14 36 70| 15 35 54| 15 50 70| 16 46 71 | 16 47 70|

|15 36 69| 15 37 69| 16 36 55| 16 49 69| 17 47 69 | 17 48 69|

|16 37 68| 16 38 68| 17 37 56| 17 48 68| 18 48 68 | 18 49 68|

|17 38 67| 17 39 67| 18 38 57| 18 47 67| 19 49 67 | 19 50 67|

|18 39 66| 18 40 66| 19 39 58| 19 46 66| 20 50 66 | 20 51 66|

|19 40 65| 19 41 65| 20 40 59| 20 45 65| 21 51 65 | 21 52 65|

|20 41 64| 20 42 64| 21 41 60| 21 44 64| 22 52 64 | 22 45 64|

|21 42 62| 21 43 63| 22 42 61| 22 43 61| 23 44 63 | 23 44 61|

|22 43 63| 22 44 62| 23 43 62| 23 42 62| 24 43 62 | 24 43 60|

|23 44 60| 23 45 61| 24 44 63| 24 41 63| 25 42 61 | 25 42 63|

|24 45 61| 24 46 60| 25 45 64| 25 40 60| 26 41 60 | 26 41 62|

|25 46 59| 25 47 59| 26 46 65| 26 39 59| 27 40 59 | 27 40 58|

|26 47 58| 26 48 58| 27 47 66| 27 38 58| 28 39 58 | 28 39 59|

|27 48 57| 27 49 56| 28 48 67| 28 37 57| 29 38 57 | 29 38 56|

|28 49 56| 28 50 57| 29 49 68| 29 36 56| 30 37 56 | 30 37 57|

|29 50 55| 29 51 55| 30 50 69| 30 35 55| 31 36 55 | 31 36 54|

|30 51 54| 30 52 54| 31 51 70| 31 34 54| 32 35 53 | 32 35 55|

|31 52 53| 31 32 53| 32 52 71| 32 33 53| 33 34 54 | 33 34 53|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

In the following combinations there are but 1560, where there might be

76076; and if this latter number were printed and sold, some one must

hold the three first drawn numbers, every ticket-holder having one

chance out of 76076 of drawing the capital prize. But, in this

combination, if a man were to purchase the whole of the tickets, being

1560, there would still be 49 chances against his holding the three

first numbers, to one for it. As there are no two tickets holding the

same three numbers, of course but one can hold the three first, which is

the prize.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #200# | #206# | #201# | #202# | #203# | #204# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 15 | 00 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 9 76| | 1 9 77 | 1 10 77| 1 10 78 | 1 11 21|

| 2 10 77| | 2 10 78 | 2 11 78| 2 11 77 | 2 12 22|

| 3 11 78| | 3 11 76 | 3 12 53| 3 12 76 | 3 13 23|

| 4 12 75| | 4 12 74 | 4 13 54| 4 13 75 | 4 14 24|

| 5 13 74| | 5 13 75 | 5 14 55| 5 14 74 | 5 15 25|

| 6 14 73|Here ends | 6 14 72 | 6 15 56| 6 15 72 | 6 16 26|

| 7 15 72| Fifteen | 7 15 73 | 7 16 57| 7 16 71 | 7 17 27|

| 8 16 71| Packages | 8 16 70 | 8 17 58| 8 17 70 | 8 18 28|

|17 52 70| of Half | 17 51 71 | 9 18 59| 9 18 69 | 9 19 29|

|18 51 69| Tickets. | 18 50 69 | 19 52 60| 19 36 68 | 10 20 30|

|19 50 68| The | 19 49 68 | 20 40 72| 20 37 67 | 31 41 51|

|20 49 67|following | 20 48 67 | 21 50 62| 21 38 66 | 32 42 52|

|21 48 66| Packages | 21 47 66 | 22 49 63| 22 39 65 | 33 43 53|

|22 47 65| are | 22 46 65 | 23 48 64| 23 40 64 | 34 44 54|

|23 46 64|Quarters. | 23 45 64 | 24 47 65| 24 41 62 | 35 45 55|

|24 45 63| | 24 44 61 | 25 46 66| 25 45 63 | 36 46 56|

|25 44 62| | 25 43 62 | 26 45 67| 26 43 60 | 37 47 57|

|26 43 61| | 26 42 63 | 27 44 68| 27 44 61 | 38 48 58|

|27 42 60| | 27 41 60 | 28 43 69| 28 42 59 | 39 49 59|

|28 41 59| | 28 40 59 | 29 42 70| 29 46 58 | 40 50 60|

|29 40 58| | 29 39 58 | 30 41 71| 30 47 57 | 61 67 73|

|30 39 57| | 30 38 57 | 31 51 61| 31 48 56 | 62 68 74|

|31 38 56| | 31 37 56 | 32 39 73| 32 49 55 | 63 69 75|

|32 37 55| | 32 36 55 | 33 38 74| 33 50 54 | 64 70 76|

|33 36 54| | 33 35 53 | 34 37 75| 34 51 53 | 65 71 77|

|34 35 53| | 34 52 54 | 35 36 76| 35 52 73 | 66 72 78|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

By a little investigation, any one may discover that his chance for

drawing a prize, even of a trifling amount, is extremely small. By the

following method any one may ascertain the number of combinations which

any given number will produce, as in the present case, 78 × 77 × 76 =

456456 ÷ 6 = 76076, the number of combinations of three numbers each;

the 78 multiplied by 77, and the product by 76, and that product divided

by 6 gives the number of combinations of three numbers each, which the

numbers from 1 to 78 will produce, no two combinations containing the

same three numbers.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #205# | #206# | #207# | #208# | #209# | #210# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 12 23| 1 13 25 | 1 14 27 | 1 15 29| 1 16 31 | 1 17 33|

| 2 13 24| 2 14 26 | 2 15 28 | 2 16 39| 2 17 32 | 2 18 34|

| 3 14 25| 3 15 27 | 3 16 29 | 3 17 31| 3 18 33 | 3 19 35|

| 4 15 26| 4 16 28 | 4 17 30 | 4 18 32| 4 19 34 | 4 20 36|

| 5 16 27| 5 17 29 | 5 18 31 | 5 19 33| 5 20 35 | 5 21 37|

| 6 17 28| 6 18 30 | 6 19 32 | 6 20 34| 6 21 36 | 6 22 38|

| 7 18 29| 7 19 31 | 7 20 34 | 7 21 35| 7 22 37 | 7 23 39|

| 8 19 30| 8 20 32 | 8 21 33 | 8 22 36| 8 23 38 | 8 24 40|

| 9 20 31| 9 21 33 | 9 22 35 | 9 23 37| 9 24 39 | 9 25 41|

|10 21 32| 10 22 34 | 10 23 36 | 10 24 38| 10 25 40 | 10 26 42|

|11 22 33| 11 23 35 | 11 24 37 | 11 25 39| 11 26 41 | 11 27 43|

|34 45 56| 12 24 36 | 12 25 38 | 12 26 40| 12 27 42 | 12 28 44|

|35 46 57| 37 49 61 | 13 26 39 | 13 27 41| 13 28 43 | 13 29 45|

|36 47 58| 38 50 62 | 40 53 66 | 14 28 42| 14 29 44 | 14 30 46|

|37 48 59| 39 51 63 | 41 54 67 | 43 55 67| 15 30 45 | 15 31 47|

|38 49 60| 40 52 64 | 42 55 68 | 44 56 68| 46 57 68 | 16 32 48|

|39 50 61| 41 53 65 | 43 56 69 | 45 57 69| 47 58 69 | 49 59 69|

|40 51 62| 42 54 66 | 44 57 70 | 46 58 70| 48 59 70 | 50 60 70|

|41 52 63| 43 55 67 | 45 58 71 | 47 59 71| 49 60 71 | 51 61 71|

|42 53 64| 44 56 68 | 46 59 72 | 48 60 72| 50 61 72 | 52 62 72|

|43 54 65| 44 55 66 | 45 47 73 | 49 61 73| 51 62 73 | 53 63 73|

|44 55 66| 46 58 70 | 48 61 74 | 50 62 74| 52 63 74 | 54 64 74|

|67 71 76| 47 59 72 | 49 62 75 | 51 63 75| 53 64 75 | 55 65 75|

|68 72 75| 48 60 71 | 50 63 76 | 52 64 76| 54 65 76 | 56 66 76|

|69 73 78| 73 75 77 | 51 64 77 | 53 65 77| 55 66 77 | 57 67 77|

|70 74 77| 74 76 78 | 52 65 78 | 54 66 78| 66 67 78 | 58 68 78|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #296# | #297# | #298# | #299# | #300# | #301# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 22 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 18 35| 1 19 37| 1 20 39| 1 21 41| 1 22 43| 1 23 45|

| 2 19 36| 2 20 38| 2 21 40| 2 22 42| 2 23 44| 2 24 46|

| 3 20 37| 3 21 39| 3 22 41| 3 23 43| 3 24 45| 3 25 47|

| 4 21 38| 4 22 40| 4 23 42| 4 24 44| 4 25 46| 4 26 48|

| 5 22 39| 5 23 41| 5 24 43| 5 25 45| 5 26 47| 5 27 49|

| 6 23 40| 6 24 42| 6 25 44| 6 26 46| 6 27 48| 6 28 50|

| 7 24 41| 7 25 43| 7 26 45| 7 27 47| 7 28 49| 7 29 51|

| 8 25 42| 8 26 44| 8 27 46| 8 28 48| 8 29 50| 8 30 52|

| 9 26 43| 9 27 45| 9 28 47| 9 29 49| 9 30 51| 9 31 53|

|10 27 44| 10 28 46| 10 29 48| 10 30 50| 10 31 52| 10 32 54|

|11 28 45| 11 29 47| 11 30 49| 11 31 51| 11 32 53| 11 33 55|

|12 29 46| 12 30 48| 12 31 50| 12 32 52| 12 33 54| 12 34 56|

|13 30 47| 13 31 49| 13 32 51| 13 33 53| 13 34 55| 13 35 57|

|14 31 48| 14 32 50| 14 33 52| 14 34 54| 14 35 56| 14 36 58|

|15 32 49| 15 33 51| 15 34 53| 15 35 55| 15 36 57| 15 37 59|

|16 33 50| 16 34 52| 16 35 54| 16 36 56| 16 37 58| 16 38 60|

|17 34 51| 17 35 53| 17 36 55| 17 37 57| 17 38 59| 17 39 61|

|52 61 70| 18 36 54| 18 37 56| 18 38 58| 18 39 60| 18 40 62|

|53 62 71| 55 63 71| 19 38 57| 19 39 59| 19 40 61| 19 41 63|

|54 63 72| 56 64 72| 58 65 72| 20 40 60| 20 41 62| 20 42 64|

|55 64 73| 57 65 73| 59 66 73| 61 67 74| 21 42 63| 21 43 66|

|56 65 74| 58 66 74| 60 67 74| 62 68 73| 64 69 74| 22 44 65|

|57 66 75| 59 67 75| 61 68 75| 63 69 76| 65 70 75| 67 71 75|

|58 67 76| 60 68 76| 62 69 76| 64 70 75| 66 71 76| 68 72 76|

|59 68 77| 61 69 77| 63 70 77| 65 71 78| 67 72 77| 69 73 77|

|60 69 78| 62 70 78| 64 71 78| 66 72 77| 68 73 78| 70 74 78|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

Lottery-dealers are aware of the great odds against the buyers, and are

very cautious in keeping all the secrets of a fraud to themselves, by

which they are robbing the public continually. But it shall not be the

fault of the writer of these pages if their swindling machinations are

longer concealed from the community. Thousands upon thousands of

dollars are expended annually in lottery tickets in this country; and

how very seldom is it that you hear of a capital prize having been

drawn! If there should chance to be a prize of any magnitude awarded to

a ticket-holder, it is trumpeted from one end of the Union to the other,

by those most interested in lottery speculations, stimulating others to

try their luck, and by that means making their very losses minister to

their gain; for, in all likelihood, months and years may elapse before

another large prize will be drawn from the same lottery.

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #302# | #303# | #304# | #305# | #306# | #307# |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 24 47| 1 25 49 | 1 26 51 | 1 12 24| 1 13 27 | 1 14 39|

| 2 25 48| 2 26 50 | 2 27 52 | 2 13 25| 2 14 28 | 2 15 38|

| 3 26 49| 3 27 51 | 3 28 53 | 3 14 26| 3 15 29 | 3 16 37|

| 4 27 50| 4 28 52 | 4 29 54 | 4 15 27| 4 16 30 | 4 17 36|

| 5 28 51| 5 29 53 | 5 30 55 | 5 16 28| 5 17 31 | 5 18 35|

| 6 29 52| 6 30 54 | 6 31 56 | 6 17 29| 6 18 32 | 6 19 34|

| 7 30 53| 7 31 55 | 7 32 57 | 7 18 30| 7 19 33 | 7 20 33|

| 8 31 54| 8 32 56 | 8 33 58 | 8 19 31| 8 20 34 | 8 21 32|

| 9 32 55| 9 33 57 | 9 34 59 | 9 20 32| 9 21 35 | 9 22 31|

|10 33 56| 10 34 58 | 10 35 60 | 10 21 33| 10 22 36 | 10 23 30|

|11 34 57| 11 35 59 | 11 36 61 | 11 22 34| 11 23 26 | 11 24 29|

|12 35 58| 12 36 60 | 12 37 62 | 23 49 66| 12 24 25 | 12 25 28|

|13 36 59| 13 37 61 | 13 38 63 | 35 50 65| 37 51 65 | 13 26 27|

|14 37 60| 14 38 62 | 14 39 64 | 36 51 64| 38 52 66 | 40 53 78|

|15 38 61| 15 39 63 | 15 40 66 | 37 52 67| 39 53 67 | 41 54 77|

|16 39 62| 16 40 64 | 16 41 65 | 38 53 69| 40 54 68 | 42 55 76|

|17 40 63| 17 41 65 | 17 42 67 | 39 54 68| 41 55 69 | 43 56 75|

|18 41 64| 18 42 66 | 18 43 68 | 40 55 70| 42 56 70 | 44 57 74|

|19 42 65| 19 43 67 | 19 44 69 | 41 56 71| 43 57 71 | 45 58 73|

|20 43 66| 20 44 68 | 20 45 71 | 42 57 72| 44 58 72 | 46 59 71|

|21 44 67| 21 45 69 | 21 46 70 | 43 58 73| 45 59 73 | 47 60 72|

|22 45 68| 22 46 70 | 22 47 72 | 44 59 74| 46 60 74 | 48 61 70|

|23 46 69| 23 47 71 | 23 48 73 | 45 60 75| 47 61 75 | 49 62 69|

|70 73 76| 24 48 72 | 24 49 74 | 46 61 76| 48 62 76 | 50 63 68|

|71 74 77| 73 76 77 | 25 50 75 | 47 62 77| 49 63 77 | 51 64 67|

|72 75 78| 74 75 78 | 76 77 78 | 48 63 78| 50 64 78 | 52 65 66|

+--------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

It will be seen by the lottery combinations we present, how infinitely

disproportionate are the chances in this species of gambling--how vastly

the odds bear against the purchaser of tickets, and what mischievous

results must of necessity spring from a vile system of frauds,

perpetrated, as it is, by the sanction of law, and the tolerance of

custom.

+--------+-----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| #308# | #309# | #310# | #396# | #397# | #398# |

+--------+-----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |

+--------+-----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

| 1 18 53| 1 19 53 | 1 20 53 | 1 21 53| 1 22 45 | 1 23 46|

| 2 19 54| 2 20 54 | 2 21 54 | 2 22 54| 2 23 43 | 2 24 45|

| 3 20 55| 3 21 55 | 3 22 55 | 3 23 55| 3 24 44 | 3 25 55|

| 4 21 56| 4 22 56 | 4 23 56 | 4 24 56| 4 25 56 | 4 26 56|

| 5 22 57| 5 23 57 | 5 24 57 | 5 25 57| 5 26 57 | 5 27 57|

| 6 23 58| 6 24 58 | 6 25 58 | 6 26 58| 6 27 58 | 6 28 58|

| 7 24 59| 7 25 59 | 7 26 59 | 7 27 59| 7 28 59 | 7 29 59|

| 8 25 60| 8 26 60 | 8 27 60 | 8 28 60| 8 29 60 | 8 30 78|

| 9 26 61| 9 27 61 | 9 28 61 | 9 29 61| 9 30 61 | 9 31 77|

|10 27 62| 10 28 62 | 10 29 62 | 10 30 62| 10 31 62 | 10 32 76|

|11 28 63| 11 29 63 | 11 30 63 | 11 31 63| 11 32 63 | 11 33 75|

|12 29 64| 12 30 64 | 12 31 64 | 12 32 64| 12 33 64 | 12 34 74|

|13 30 65| 13 31 65 | 13 32 65 | 13 33 65| 13 34 65 | 13 35 73|

|14 31 66| 14 32 66 | 14 33 66 | 14 34 66| 14 35 66 | 14 36 72|

|15 32 67| 15 33 67 | 15 34 67 | 15 35 67| 15 36 67 | 15 37 71|

|16 33 68| 16 34 68 | 16 35 68 | 16 36 68| 16 38 71 | 16 38 70|

|17 34 69| 17 35 69 | 17 36 69 | 17 37 69| 17 37 70 | 17 39 69|

|35 44 70| 18 36 70 | 18 37 70 | 18 38 70| 18 39 69 | 18 40 68|

|36 45 71| 37 45 71 | 19 38 71 | 19 39 71| 19 40 68 | 19 41 67|

|37 46 72| 38 46 72 | 39 46 72 | 20 40 72| 20 41 72 | 20 42 66|

|38 47 73| 39 47 73 | 40 47 73 | 41 47 73| 21 42 73 | 21 43 65|

|39 48 74| 40 48 74 | 41 48 74 | 42 48 74| 46 51 74 | 22 44 64|

|40 49 75| 41 49 75 | 42 49 75 | 43 49 75| 47 52 75 | 47 51 63|

|41 50 76| 42 50 76 | 43 50 76 | 44 50 76| 48 53 76 | 48 52 62|

|42 51 77| 43 51 77 | 44 51 77 | 45 51 77| 49 54 77 | 49 53 61|

|43 52 78| 44 52 78 | 45 52 78 | 46 52 78| 50 55 78 | 50 54 60|

+--------+-----------+----------+---------+-----------+---------+

All the combinations used in this lottery have been given, as also the

number that might be made; and, of course, the less the dealer in

lotteries makes, the greater the chance in his favor, and the less in

favor of the buyer. The figures heading the classes of combinations, on

each page, are class-numbers, and those below the first figures, and

immediately above the columns, are placed there to indicate the number

of packages.

+---------+--------+

| #399# | #400# |

+---------+--------+

| 29 | 30 |

+---------+--------+

| 1 24 53 | 1 25 53|

| 2 25 54 | 2 26 54|

| 3 26 55 | 3 27 55|

| 4 27 56 | 4 28 56|

| 5 28 57 | 5 29 57|

| 6 29 58 | 6 30 58|Here ends

| 7 30 59 | 7 31 59|the Thirty

| 8 31 60 | 8 32 60|Packages

| 9 32 61 | 9 33 61|of Quarters.

|10 33 62 |10 34 62|

|11 34 63 |11 35 63|

|12 35 64 |12 36 64|

|13 36 65 |13 37 65|

|14 37 66 |14 38 66|

|15 38 67 |15 39 67|

|16 39 68 |16 40 68|

|17 40 69 |17 41 69|

|18 41 70 |18 42 70|

|19 42 71 |19 43 71|

|20 43 72 |20 44 72|

|21 44 73 |21 45 73|

|22 45 74 |22 46 74|

|23 46 75 |23 47 75|

|47 50 76 |24 48 76|

|48 51 77 |49 51 77|

|49 52 78 |50 52 78|

+---------+--------+

[Illustration: MARKED CARDS. See Green on Gambling.]

The above are specimens of patterns of playing cards, that the reader

may rely upon the gambler's knowing by their back as well as the

generality of amusement players know by their face. The same may be said

of all the patterns spoken of and presented to the view of the reader on

another page of this work.

[Illustration: Literature Lottery BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF KENTUCKY

Class No. 205 Com Nos 10 48 75

This Ticket will entitle the holder to one QUARTER of such Prize as may

be drawn to its Numbers, if demanded within twelve months after the

Drawing. Subject to a deduction of Fifteen per cent: Payable forty days

after the Drawing.

For A. BASSFORD & CO., Managers.

#Covington, 1841. QUARTER.#

[This plate represents a lottery ticket with the numbers placed upon it.

The numbers seen upon its face are of the same order as those found upon

every ticket when sold, and are used to designate one ticket from

another, and by comparing them with the numbers at the head of any of

those packages of combinations, on another page, you will see the manner

in which they are arranged, and the great advantage in favor of the

managers.]]

FALLACY OF LOTTERIES AS A MEANS OF REVENUE.

We are indebted for the following exposition to our moral friend, Capt.

John Maginn, of New York city.

"Although they may produce, by the various deceptive allurements which

they hold forth, a temporary influx into the treasury of the state, yet

the prostration of industry, the formation of idle habits, intemperance

and various other vices, have invariably been the consequences wherever

they have been introduced. No farther evidence of this position is

requisite than the fact that in England, where many of the common

necessaries of life are heavily taxed, it has been satisfactorily

ascertained from observation, that for several days preceding the

drawing of a lottery, the consumption of such articles was very

materially diminished. It is moreover equally true, that a very small

proportion of the tax actually paid, through the purchase of lottery

tickets, is available to the state: by far the greater part being

absorbed in the expenses, profits, &c., of managers and venders."

INSURING NUMBERS, OR POLICY DEALING.

As the system of insuring numbers is at present practised to a fearful

extent in this city, and as its votaries are mostly the ignorant and

unthinking portion of the community, we proceed to give a plain

matter-of-fact investigation of the chances.

There being on the day of drawing a certain number of tickets in the

wheel, out of which a particular number of them are to be drawn, it

follows that there are so many chances to one against a given number

being drawn as the number which are to be drawn are contained in the

entire number of tickets in the wheel. To illustrate this practically,

suppose you would insure the payment of $100 upon the event of a certain

number being drawn from the lottery wheel to-day; suppose it is a 78

number lottery, and that 12 ballots are to be drawn; the chance then is

evidently 78/12, or 6.5 to 1 that you lose: accordingly, in order to

make the chances equal, you must pay 100/6.5, or $15.38, for insurance:

if therefore the insurer should ask $32, there would be about $16 fraud:

in other words, you would have to contend against about 100 per cent.

The only inducement for the insurer to pursue this vile practice, in

defiance of constitutions and laws, is a liberal per centage. This

varies from 30 to 70, and even 125 per cent. Under circumstances like

these, when the chances of gain are obviously so remote, it would seem

incredible that any one endowed with even ordinary sagacity could be so

deluded--so desperate--as to adventure; though, sad to relate, hundreds

and hundreds in this city daily spend their little all in effecting

insurance on numbers, and that, too, at the sacrifice of the common

necessaries of life.

Another system of insurance, which we will proceed to analyze, is

effected by what is termed a station number. The adventurer selects a

number, and declares that it will come out the first or second drawn, or

in some other place, for which he pays six cents, and if the number is

drawn in the order indicated, he is to receive $2.50. To illustrate

this, suppose you select a certain number, which you declare will be the

third drawn; suppose also that it is a 78 number lottery, and that there

are 12 drawn ballots. In this case there are evidently 78/12 = 6.5

chances to 1 against the selected number being drawn. It is also plain

that should it be a drawn number, there are 12 chances to 1 against it

being drawn in any particular order; wherefore it follows, that there

are 6.5x12 = 78 chances to 1 against the selected number being the third

or any other particular drawn number. Accordingly, to equalize the

chances, in case of winning you should receive 78x6 = $4.68; hence,

under these circumstances the insurer gains $2.18, which is nearly 100

per cent. Again, suppose it is a 98 number lottery, and that you pay 25

cents: here we have 98x25 = $24.50, the sum you ought to receive in case

of winning, instead of which you only receive 25/6x2.5 = $10.626; hence

the insurer gains $13.975, or more than 125 per cent.

PROF. GODDARD ON LOTTERIES.

We give below a very able memorial, from the pen of Prof. Goddard, of

Brown University, to the Legislature of Rhode Island.

The undersigned, citizens of Rhode Island, have long regarded the

lottery system with unqualified reprobation. They believe it to be a

multiform social evil, which is obnoxious to the severest reprehension

of the moralist, and which it is the duty of the legislator, in all

cases, to visit with the most effective prohibitory sanctions.

Entertaining these convictions, the undersigned memorialists cannot

withhold them from the Hon. General Assembly of Rhode Island. They

invoke the General Assembly to exercise their constitutional powers,

promptly and decisively, for the correction of a long-continued, and

wide-spread, and pestilent social evil. They ask them, most respectfully

and earnestly, to withdraw, as soon as may be, all legislative sanction

of the lottery system, and to save Rhode Island from the enduring

reproach of being among the last States to abandon that system. The

memorialists beg leave to disclaim, in this matter, all personal or

political considerations. They are seeking neither to help nor to hurt

any political party. They contemplate no aggression upon the rights or

the character of individuals. They are engaged in no impracticable

scheme of moral reform. They have no fondness for popular agitation.

They are what they profess to be, citizens of Rhode Island, and it is

only in the quality of citizens of Rhode Island, that they now ask the

General Assembly to resort to the most operative penal enactments, for

the entire suppression of a system which exists, and which can exist

only to disgrace the character of the State, and to injure both the

morals and the interests of the people. The memorialists are persuaded

that a commanding majority of the citizens of every political party

entertain sentiments of decided hostility to all lotteries. In praying,

therefore, for legislative interposition, they feel that they are not

in advance of public opinion, that they are not urging the General

Assembly to anticipate public opinion, but only to imbody it; to

accelerate its salutary impulses, and to augment its healthful vigour.

The constitutional power of the legislature to interfere in the premises

being undisputed, the memorialists beg leave to submit, for

consideration, a few only of the many reasons which have forced upon

their minds the conclusion--that Rhode Island should lose no time and

spare no effort in extirpating the lottery system:--a system which has

already worked extensive evil within her borders; which is repugnant to

a cultivated moral sense; and which has been branded, both as illegal

and immoral, by some of the most enlightened governments upon earth. In

this connection, it should be stated, that England, and, it is believed,

France likewise, have abandoned the lottery system. Some of the most

populous and influential States in this Confederacy have abandoned it.

Massachusetts has abandoned it; Pennsylvania has abandoned it; New York

has abandoned it. Nay more, so hostile were the people of the latter

State to the lottery system, that in revising its Constitution a few

years since, they adopted a provision which prohibits the Legislature

from ever making a lottery grant. These examples are adduced to show the

progress of an enlightened public sentiment upon this subject, and to

exhibit the grateful spectacle of governments, differently constituted,

exercising their powers for the best interests of the people. The evils

which the lottery system creates, and the evils which it exasperates,

are so various and complicated, that the undersigned memorialists

cannot attempt an enumeration. They are so revolting as to furnish no

motive for rhetorical exaggeration. A few only of these evils the

undersigned memorialists will now proceed to mention.

1. Lotteries are liable to many of the strongest objections which can be

alleged against gambling. They have thus far escaped, it is true, the

infamy of gambling, but they can plead no exemption from its malignant

consequences. Like gamblers, they are hostile--not to say fatal--to all

composure of thought and sobriety of conduct. Like gambling, they

inflame the imagination of their victims and their dupes, with visions

of ease, and affluence, and pleasure, destined never to be realized.

Like gambling, they seduce men, especially the credulous and the

unthinking, from the pursuits of regular industry, into the vortex of

wild adventure and exasperated passions. Like gambling, they ultimately

create a necessity for constant vicious excitement. Like gambling, they

often lead to poverty and despair, to insanity and to suicide. Like

gambling, they furnish strong temptations to fraud, and theft, and

drunkenness. Like gambling, they work, in but too many cases, a

permanent depravation of all moral principle and all moral habits. This

fearful parallel might easily be extended. The picture here presented of

the evils of lotteries, however fearful it may seem, is not overdrawn.

This picture will be owned as just, by many a bereaved widow and by many

a forsaken wife, who trace all their woes to the temptation into which

this _respectable_ and legalized species of gambling had betrayed once

affectionate husbands. It will be owned as just by many a child, who

has been doomed perchance to a heritage of ignorance and poverty, by a

father, for whose weak virtue the potent fascinations of the lottery

were found too strong. In many respects, the lottery system may be

deemed even more pernicious than ordinary gambling. It spreads a more

accomplished snare; it is less offensive to decorum; it is less alarming

to consciences which have not lost all sensitiveness; it numbers among

its participants multitudes of those who ought to blush and to tremble

for thus hazarding their own virtue, and for thus corrupting the virtues

of others; it draws within its charmed circle men and women who fill up

every gradation of age, and character, and fortune.

2. The lottery system, as at present constituted, presents the strongest

temptations to fraud on the part of all those who are concerned either

in the drawing of lotteries or in the sale of tickets. It is not known

that fraud has in any case been perpetrated, though fraud is suspected.

If perpetrated, it would be no easy matter to detect it. The ignorant

and the credulous men and women, who seek to better their fortunes by

gambling in lottery tickets, know nothing of those mystical combinations

of numbers, on which their fate is suspended. Utter strangers as they

are to all the "business transactions" of the lottery system, if cheated

at all, they are cheated without remedy.

3. The lottery system operates as a most oppressive tax upon the

community. This tax is paid, not by the rich and luxurious--but it is

paid mainly by those who are struggling for independence, and by those

who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow--by the servants in our

kitchens--by clerks and apprentices, and day-labourers; by mechanics and

traders; by the men and women who work in our factories; and in too many

instances, it is to be feared, by our hardy yeomanry, who, impatient of

the slow profits of agriculture, vainly expect from the chances of the

lottery that which is never denied to the efforts of industry. The

amount of pauperism and crime, of mental agitation and perchance of

mental insanity, which the lottery system must create among these

numerous classes, it would not be easy to calculate.

4. Lotteries are the parent of much of the pauperism which is to be

found in this young, and free, and prosperous land. It entails poverty

upon multitudes directly, by exhausting their limited means in abortive

experiments to get rich by "high prizes"--and, yet more, by withdrawing

multitudes from a dependence on labour, and accustoming them to hope

miracles of good fortune from chance. After repeated disappointments,

they discover, when it is too late to profit from the discovery, how

sadly they have been duped, and how recklessly they have abandoned their

confidence in themselves, and in that gracious Being who never forsakes

those who put their trust in him. They sink into despondency, and,

seeking to forget themselves, they bring upon their faculties the brutal

stupor of intoxication, or they exhilarate them by its delirious gayety.

Suicide is often the fearful issue. Dupin ascribes a hundred cases of

suicide _annually_ to the lottery system in the single city of Paris.

Many years ago a lottery scheme, displaying splendid prizes, was formed

in London. Adventures to a very large amount was the consequence, and

the night of the drawing was signalized by fifty cases of suicide!

5. Success in lotteries is hardly less fatal than failure. The fortunate

adventurer is never satisfied. He ventures again and again, till ruin

overtakes him. After all the tempting promises of wealth, which are made

by those concerned in this iniquitous system, how very few, except

managers of lotteries and venders of lottery tickets, has it ever made

rich! and well may it be asked, whom has it ever made more diligent in

business, more contented, and respectable, and happy?

6. Lotteries, it is believed, are rendered especially mischievous in

this country by the nature of our institutions, and by the spirit of the

times. Here, the path to eminence being open to every one--but too many

are morbidly anxious to improve their condition; and by means, too,

which in the wisdom of Providence were never intended to command

success. A mad desire for wealth pervades all classes--it feeds all

minds with fantastic hope; it is hostile to all patient toil, and

legitimate enterprise, and economical expenditure. It generates a spirit

of reckless speculation; it corrupts the simplicity of our tastes; and,

what is yet worse, it impairs, not unfrequently, in reference to the

transactions of business, the obligations of common honesty. Upon these

elements of our social condition and character, the lottery system

operates with malignant efficacy.

The undersigned memorialists are far from thinking that, in the

preceding remarks, they have exhausted the argument against the lottery

system. They have dwelt, in general terms, upon only some of its more

prominent evils. They do not allow themselves to believe that, aside

from the ranks of those who have a direct personal interest in this

system, a man of character could be found in Rhode Island to defend it.

The memorialists deem lotteries to be in Rhode Island a paramount social

evil. They entreat the General Assembly to survey this evil in all its

phases, and then to apply the remedy. The interposition which is now

asked at the hands of the Legislature has been delayed too long, either

for the interests or for the character of the state. It is time that we

protected our interests, and retrieved our character. It is time that

the lottery had ceased to be the "_domestic institution_" of Rhode

Island. It is time that we abandoned, and abandoned for ever, the policy

of supporting schools, and building churches, with the wages of

iniquity. The memorialists are aware that the General Assembly have made

lottery grants, which have not yet expired. They seek not in any way to

interfere with those grants; but in concluding this expression of their

views, they cannot avoid repeating their earnest entreaty that the

legislature would come up without unnecessary delay to the great work of

reforming an abuse, which no length of time, or patronage of numbers, or

policy of state, should be permitted to shelter for another hour.

EXTRACTS _from a Report to the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism

in the city of New York._

"It is not possible to estimate the sum that may have been drawn from

the people by lottery devices. Nor is it possible to estimate the number

of poor people that have engaged in lottery gambling. We have been told,

that more than two hundred of these deluded people have been seen early

in the mornings at the lottery offices, pressing to know their fate.

_There_ might be seen the anxiety, the disappointment, and

mortification, of unfortunate beings, who had lost their all!

"Thus we see that this demoralizing contagion has spread its destructive

influence over the most indigent and ignorant of the community. The

injurious system of lotteries opens a wide door to gambling, fraud and

imposition; of which the speculating, dishonest, idle, profligate and

crafty avail themselves, and deceive the innocent and ignorant.

"If we place this subject in a pecuniary view as it relates to the

public funds, the mischievous effect is more obvious. From an estimate,

made by a gentleman of accurate calculation, it appears, that the

expense, or the amount drawn from the people, to raise by lottery the

net sum of 30,000 dollars, amounts to $170,500, including the expense of

the managers and their attendants, the clerks and attendants of the

lottery offices, the expense of time lost by poor people, and the amount

paid the proprietors of lottery offices. This enormous sum is paid for

the collection of only 30,000 dollars. This is, therefore, not only the

most expensive, but also the most demoralizing method that was ever

devised to tax the people.

"Upon the whole view of the subject, your committee are decidedly of

opinion, that lotteries are the most injurious kind of taxation, and the

very worst species of Gambling. By their insidious and fascinating

influence on the public mind, their baleful effect is extended, and

their mischievous consequences are most felt by the indigent and

ignorant, who are seduced, deceived, and cheated out of their money,

when their families are often suffering for the necessaries of life.

Their principles are vitiated by lotteries, they are deceived by vain

and delusive expectation, and are led into habits of idleness and vice,

which produce innumerable evils, and, ultimately, end in misery and

pauperism."

LOTTERY COMBINATIONS.

The numbers on lottery tickets are formed by combinations of certain

numbers previously agreed upon; as from 1 to 60, 1 to 75, 1 to 78, &c.,

&c.

Combination consists in taking a less number of things out of a greater,

without any regard to the order in which they stand; no two combinations

having the same quantities or numbers.

_Problem._--To find the number of combinations which can be taken from

any given number of things, all different from each other, taking a

given number at a time.

_Rule._--Take a series of numbers, the first term of which is equal to

the number of things out of which the combinations are to be made, and

decreasing by 1, till the number of terms is equal to the number of

things to be taken at a time, and the product of all the terms.

Then take the natural series 1, 2, 3, &c., up to the number of things to

be taken at a time, and find the product of all the terms of this

series.

Divide the former product by the latter, and the quotient will be the

answer.

How many combinations of 3 numbers can be taken out of 78 numbers?

78×77×76 = 456456 and

1×2×3 = 6

6)456456

------

76076 Answer.

How many combinations of 3 numbers can be taken out of 70 numbers?

70×69×68 = 328440 and

1×2×3 = 6

6)328440

------

54740 Answer.

How many combinations of 3 numbers can be taken out of 60 numbers?

60×59×58 = 205320 and

1×2×3 = 6

6)205320

------

34220 Answer.

How many combinations of 3 numbers can be taken out of 40 numbers?

40×39×38 = 59280 and

1×2×3 = 6

6)59280

-----

9880 Answer.

We have sufficient experience in lottery gambling to assure the

community that their whole system is as foul as highway robbery. We

purchased a wheel from one of the fraternity in Washington City, and

drew in Philadelphia three times, then carried it to Washington, and

there demonstrated to the satisfaction of those who witnessed our

drawing, that what we asserted was true to the letter. We copy the

notices of the American Courier, one of the first papers of our country

in the cause of humanity, and ever ready to diffuse that which will

promote the happiness and welfare of mankind.

"GREEN'S LOTTERY,

"On Saturday night, drew the prize of fifty dollars for the proprietor,

he having declared to the audience the intention of giving them blanks,

which he did to the satisfaction of the judges. We have the best

authority for stating the belief that his expositions will prove not

only interesting, but highly beneficial, in opening the eyes of

thousands to the frauds practised in the shape of fairness by the

lottery managers."

After which the editor received the following:--

_Frederick, June 9th, 1848._

_Dear Sir_--Will you oblige some of your readers by giving them an idea

of "Green's" manner of exposition of frauds, as practised by the lottery

managers? and by so doing, no doubt but you will confer a favour on many

of your subscribers.

Respectfully, B.

A. M'Makin, Esq., _Ed. American Courier, Philad._

EXPLANATION.

In obedience to the request of "B," we have conversed with a gentleman

who was one of a committee of the audience to superintend the drawing of

"Green's Lottery" on a recent occasion. He says that the tickets were

prepared and distributed precisely after the plan of the regular lottery

managers, with the exception that Mr. Green announced to the audience

that he had purposely reserved certain combinations of numbers, which he

knew by calculation would draw for him the highest prize, and leave for

them _blanks only!_--Each individual in the audience held a ticket, with

a different combination of numbers, such as they choose to select from

the packages opened to them. The numbers were placed in the wheel

precisely in the usual way, the drawing conducted by the committee from

the audience, and on the announcement of the drawn numbers it was

discovered, sure enough, that the audience had received all blanks, and

upon Mr. Green pointing to a package on the table reserved for himself,

it was examined by the committee, and lo! there lay the ticket having

the combination of numbers drawing _the capital prize_!--ED. A.C.

_Communicated to the American Courier from Washington, D.C._

Green's great Consolidated Lottery drew in this city on the 22d inst.

The Reformed Gambler astonished a highly respectable audience at his

complete exposition of the fraud practised by lottery speculators

throughout our Union. Mr. Green stated to the audience that though he

wished them to understand the lottery system to be fraught with

deception, he did not wish it to be understood that he was competent to

make a clear and comprehensive exposition. This was his fourth effort,

and he had succeeded in three to the satisfaction of his audience.

He then stated that he would draw from the ternary combination of 42

numbers, and take therefore 8 drawn ballots, being equal to 15 in 75. He

then placed in R.H. Gillet's hand 42 tickets, which he declared

contained the drawn numbers, where any 3 numbers should be upon a

ticket. Having explained satisfactorily his intentions, he requested Mr.

J. Thaw to act as his commissioner, Mr. Thaw being well known as a

gentleman of integrity.

Mr. Green then requested Mr. Gillet to mark the numbers from 1 to 42, so

that there should be no doubt resting upon the mind of any one that they

were the same numbers which should afterwards be drawn out. The tickets

were marked, and Mr. Thaw deposited them singly in tin tubes, from 1 to

42. Mr. Thaw then revolved the wheel, mixing them thoroughly; he then

drew one at a time, until he drew 8, being the correct drawn ballots.

Mr. Green then asked the audience if they had any prizes. Receiving a

negative answer, he stated that he could draw one half of the numbers

from the wheel and still they should have none, though they had some 400

tickets against his 42. The commissioner continued drawing, the prizes

still falling in the manager's package, and the numbers from 1 to 29

were taken out of the 42 before the audience received a full compliment

of 3 numbers on a ticket. The drawing appeared fair; the numbers placed

in the wheel were those taken out. The wheel is one Mr. G. purchased

from a lottery vender in Washington city. Mr. G.'s explanation of his

power to prevent prizes being drawn without his consent appeared very

satisfactory. He declared that the managers had it in their power to

assort out certain numbers, and by the villany of those concerned in the

distribution, were enabled to keep any numbers from the hands of the

drawer.

I must own that this exposition of Green's has taken me altogether by

surprise. I did think that the deluded thousands who live on, day after

day, in the vain hope of a prize, instead of depending solely upon their

industry, skill, and talents, had some remote chance of getting a good

drawn number. But, it seems that this is all a delusion, and that

lotteries can be "stocked" as well as a pack of cards.

Secret Band of Brothers A Full and True Exposition of All the Various Crimes, Villanies, and Misdeeds of This Powerful Organization in the United States. · 第 18 / 18 章

Let me relate an instance which came under my immediate notice:--A young