ij. canell. alb. unc. i. rubigin. martis, drachm. ij. syrup.
q. s. dosis a scrup. i. bis terve die ad semidrach. 4tis
horis.
Elect. e scammon. Ph. Lond.
ELIXIR.
Elix. aloes. Ph. Lond.
Elix. paregoricum. Ph. Lond.
Elix. vitrioli acid. Ph. Lond.
ENEMATA.
Enema commune laxativ.
Rx Aq. fontan. calid. unc. xij. elect. lenitiv. semunc. sal.
cathartici amari, unc. i. M.
Enema commun. oleos.
Rx Aq. fontan. bullient. unc. x. mucilag. gum arabic. unc. im.
olei olivar. unc. ij. adde pro re nata elect. e scord.
drachm. ij. vel. tinct. thebaic. drachm. i.
Enema ex amylo.
Rx Aq. fontan. calid. unc. iv. gelatin. amyli, unc. v. elect.
e scord. drachm. i. M.
Enema terebinth.
Rx Terebinth commun. drachm. vi. solve in vitello ovi & adde
enemat. oleos. unc. x.
Emplastrum vesicatorium. Ph. Lond.
FOTUS.
Fotus communis.
Rx Fol. malv. flor. chamæmel. singulorum, m. i. coque in aq.
fontan. q. s.
Fotus commun. spirit.
Rx Fotus commun. lib. ij. aceti, lib. i. spirit. vini tenuis,
lib. ss. M. pro fotu.
Fotus cum sale ammoniac.
Rx Fotus commun. lib. ij. sal ammoniac crud. unc. i.
Fotus volatilis.
Rx Fotus commun. q. s. asperge panno statim ante applicationem
spiritus sal. ammoniac, q. s.
GARGARISMATA.
Gargarisma commune.
Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. sal. nitri, drachm. i. mellis
semunc. M. adde pro re nata spirit. vin. unciam i.
Gargarisma acidum.
Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. spirit. vini gallici, unc. i. aceti
sescunc. tinct. myrrhæ, drachm. ij. M.
Gargarisma volatile.
Rx Aq. hordeat. unc. xij. spirit. vin gallic. unc. ij. sal.
vol. ammoniaci, drachm. i. M.
GUTTÆ ANTIMONIALES ANODYNÆ.
Rx Vini antimonialis, unc. im tinct. thebaic. drachm. ij.
dosis a gutt. 30 ad 40 bis terve die, vel a gutt. 60 ad 140,
h. s. in potu tepido.
HAUSTUS.
Haustus simplex.
Rx Aq. fontan. sescunc. spirit. vini gallici drachm. i. ss.
sacchar alb. drachm. dimidiam M.--Haustus præparari possit
aqua aliqua simp. et spirit. loco aq fontan. & spirit. vini
gallici pro re nata.
Haustus anodynus.
Rx Haust. simp. sescunc. tinct. thebaic. gutt. xx. M.
Haustus camphoratus.
Rx Camphoræ, gr. iij. tere in mortario cum sacchar. alb.
drach. dimid. & dein adde mucilag. gum arabici, drachm. ij.
haust. simp. sescunciam. M. s. a. Dosis repetenda, 4ta vel
6ta. quaque hora.
Haust. emetic. antimonialis.
Rx Vini antimonialis semunciam. Dari possit ad drachm. x. pro r. n.
Haust. emeticus scilliticus.
Rx Oxymel. scillit. drachm. x. aq. fontan. semunc. pulv. rad.
ipecacoan. gr. vi.
Haustus cardiacus.
Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam confect. cardiac. scrup. im. M. f.
haustus repetendus 4tis. vel 6tis. horis--adde pro re nata
sp. lavend. comp. dr. i.
Haustus cardiacus oleosus.
Rx Ol. essential. menth. gutt. ij. tere in mortario vitreo cum
sacchar. alb. drachm. dimid. & adde haust. simplicis sescunc.
tinct. stomachic. drachm. i. M.--adde pro re nata tinctur.
thebaic. gutt. x.
Haustus lixiviosus anodynus.
Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam, lixivii tartari, drachmam dimidiam
tincturæ thebaicæ, gutt. xx. cap. h. s. vel mane & vesperi.
Haustus e mithridatio.
Rx Haust. simp. sescunc. mithridat. scrup. i. aceti vin.
drachm. iij. dosis repetenda 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Haustus oleosus communis.
Rx Mucilagin. gum arabici, drachm, iv. ol. olivar, drachm. v.
misce s. a. & adde haust. simp. sescunciam. Repet. 4tis. vel
6tis. horis.
Haustus oleosus cum rheo.
Rx Haust. oleos. communis, unc. ij. tinct. rhei sescunc. vel
pulv. rhei, gr. xxv. tinct. thebaic. gutt. xv. M. fiat
haustus sumendus vel h. s. vel primo mane.
Haustus purgans.
Rx Infus. senæ. unc. iij. sal. glauber. drachm. iij. spirit.
vin. gallici, drachm. ij. sacchar. alb. drachm. dimid. capiat mane.
Haustus salinus communis.
Rx Aceti vinosi vel succ. limonum semunciam, sal. absynth.
scrup. i. vel ad saturationem, haust. simp. sescunciam adde
pro re nata pulv. contrayerv. comp. scrup. i. vel pulv.
contrayerv. cum nitro, scrup. ij.--Haustus præparari possit
cum salis diuretici drachma dimid. loco acidi & salis
absynthii. Dosis repetend. 3tiis. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis--Eodem modo sit haustus cum spirit. mindereri uncia
dimidiâ.
Haust. salin. cum confect. cardiaca.
Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. confect. cardiac. scrup. i.
M. repet. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Haust. salin. cum mithridatio.
Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. mithridatii, scrup. i. M.
sumend. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Haustus salin. cum rheo.
Rx Haust. salin. com. uncias ij. pulv. rhei, gr. xxv. M.
capiat mane.
Haustus salin. cum phu.
Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. pulv. rad. valerian.
sylvestris, scrup. ij. Dosis repetend. 2dis. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis.
Haust. salinus succinatus.
Rx Haust. salin. commun. unc. ij. sal succini, pulv. castorei
singulorum, gr. x. H. repetend. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Haust. salinus purg. oleosus.
Rx Mannæ opt. semunc. olei olivar. drachm. vi. vitelli ovi q.
s. tere in mortario, addendo paulatim sal cathartici amari,
unc. i. solutam in aq. fontan. calid. unc. iij. spirit. vini
gallici vel aq. alicujus spirituosæ, drachm. iij. M. s. a pro
dosi matutino.
Haustus volatilis.
Rx Haust. simp. sescunciam sal. vol. c. cervi, gr. x. M. H.
repet. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
INFUSA.
Infusum amarum. Ph. Lond. Addi possit pro re nata in
præparando spirit. vini tenuis, lib. ss. ad lib. ij. infusi.
Dosis ab unc. ina. bis die ad unc. ij. ter. die.
Infusum raphani rusticani.
Rx Rad. raphani rusticani, unc. ij. baccar. juniper, unc.
inam. cort. canell. alb. drachm. ij. aq. fontan. bullient,
lib. iv. infunde per noctem leni calore. Colaturæ adde
spirit. vini gallici unc. iv. Dosis ab. unc. i. bis terve die
ad unc. iv. 6tis. horis.
Infusum senæ commun. Ph. Lond.
JULEPUM E MOSCHO.
Rx Mosch. drachmam im. tere optime in mortario cum sacchar.
alb. drachm. iij. & adde mucilagin. gum arab. dr. iv. Haust.
simp. unc. vi. Dosis unc. ij. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
LINCTUS.
Rx Conserv. cynosbat. unc. iv. ol. olivar. syrup. sacchari vel
mellis ana unc. ij. adde pro re nata spirit. vitrioli tenuis,
drachm. iv. Dosis cochleare theæ urgente tussi.
LINIMENTA.
Liniment. saponaceum. Ph. Lond.
Linimentum camphoratum.
Rx Olei olivar. unc. ij. camphoræ, drachm. ij. M.
Linimentum volatile. Ph. Lond.
Linimentum volatile commune.
Rx Olei olivar. unc. iij. spiritus salis ammoniaci, dr. vi. M.
MELLA.
Mel cum borace.
Rx Mellis optimi, unc. i. pulv. subtilissim. boracis, dr. i. M.
Mel Ægyptiacum. Ph. Lond.
Mel rosaceum. Ph. Lond.
MITHRIDATIUM. Ph. Lond.
MIXTURÆ.
Mixtura acida communis.
Rx Haust. simp. unc: viij. spirit. vitrioli tenuis, scrup. ij.
vel ad gratam aciditatem. Dosis ab. unc. ij. ad unc iv. 4tis.
vel 6tis. horis.
Mixtura ammoniaca.
Rx Gum ammoniaci, drachm. i. solve in haust. simp. unc. vi.
Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. ij. bis terve in die.
Mixtura ammon. cum oxymel.
Rx Mixt. ammoniac. unc. vi. oxymel scillit. drachm. vi. Dosis
a cochlear. i. ad unc. ii. ter. 4rve. die.
Mixtura ammoniac. anodyna.
Rx Mixt. ammoniac. cum oxymel. unc. vi. tinct. thebaic.
drachm. dimid. Dosis a cochlear. i. ad iv. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis.
Mixtura Campechensis.
Rx Extract. ligni Campechensis, drachm. iij. solve in haust.
simplic. unc. vi. adde pro re nata tinct. thebaic. gutt. xxx.
vel Philon. Londinen. drachm. i. Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc.
iij. bis, ter, 4rve. die.
Mixtura fætida.
Rx G. asafætid. drachm. i. solve in haust. simp. unc. vi.
Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. iij. 4r. die.
Mixtura fætida volatilis.
Rx Mixt. fætid. unc. vi. spirit. volat. sal. ammon. drachm. i.
Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. ij. bis, ter, 4rve. die.
Mixtura fracastorii.
Rx Haust. simp. unc. viij. Elect. e scordio, drachm. iv. Dosis
ab. unc. i. ad unc. ij. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Mixtura japonica.
Rx Haust. simp. unc. vi. Tinct. japonic. unc. i. adde pro re
nata tinct. thebaic. dr. i.
Mixtura laxativa.
Rx Elect. lenitiv. unc. i. Mannæ semunc. coque in aq fontan.
unc. xvi. ad unc. xij. Colaturæ adde sal. cathartici amari.
sescunciam. spirit. vini gallici, unc. i. Dosis ab. unc. ij.
ad unc. xij.
Mixtura purg. antimonial.
Rx Elect. lenitiv. sescunc. mannæ semunc. coque in aq. fontan.
unc. xx. ad unc. xvi. & dein solve tartar. emetici, gr. x.
Colaturæ dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. iv. omni hora vel omni
2da. vel 3tia. vel 4ta. hora, donec laxetur alvus.
Mixtura oleosa volatilis.
Rx Haust. simp. unc. vi. ol. olivar. unc. iij. spirit.
volatil. salis ammoniaci drachmam inam. M. Dosis ab. unc. i.
ad unc. iij. 3tiis. vel 4tis. horis.
Mixtura scillitica.
Rx Haust. simp. unc. vi. oxymel scillitic. drachm. vi. Dosis a
drachm. iv. ad unc. ij. bis, ter, 4rve. die.
Mixtura e spermat. ceti.
Rx Spermat. ceti, drachm. ij. solve in vitello ovi & adde
haust. simp. unc. vi. adde, pro re nata, tinct. thebaic.
scrup. ij. Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. ij. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis.
Mixtura e spermat. ceti cum balsamo.
Rx Balsam. copaiv. drachm. ij. tere in mortario cum mucilag.
gum arabici, drachm. iij. & dein adde mixtur. e spermat.
ceti, unc. vi. Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. iij. 4tis. vel 6tis.
horis.
MUCILAGO. G. ARABICI.
Rx G. arabici pulv. unc. iv. solve in aq. puræ bullient. unc. x.
Oxymel scillit. Ph. Lond.
Philonium Londinen. Ph. Lond.
PILULÆ.
Pilulæ fætidæ.
Rx Gum asafætid. myrrh. ana drachm. i. sapon. alb. hispan.
drachm. ij. Tinct. fuliginis q. s. Dosis a gr. x. ad drachm.
dimid. bis terve die.
Pilulæ guaiac.
Rx Sapon. albi hispanici semunc. gum guaiac, scrup. iv. syrup.
q. s. Dosis a scrup. i. ad drachmam dimidiam bis terve die.
Pilulæ gummosæ. Ph. Lond.
Pilulæ mercuriales.
Rx Argenti vivi semunc. extingue in balsam. copaiv. q. s. &
adde pulv. glycyrrhiz. gum guaiac. singulorum, drachm. vi.
syrup. q. s. ut fiat massa. Dosis a scrup. ss. ad drachmam
dimidiam semel vel bis die.
Pilulæ rufi. Ph. Lond.
Pilulæ saponaceæ. Ph. Lond.
Pilulæ saponaceæ cum rheo.
Rx Sapon. alb. hispanici, drachm. vi. pulv. rhei, drachm. ij.
syrup. sacchari q. s. Dosis a scrup. i. ad scrup. ij. bis
terve die.
Pilulæ scilliticæ.
Rx Pulv. glycyrhiz. rad. scill. exsiccat ana drachm. dimid.
rad. zinziber. drachm. i. sapon. alb. hispan. drachm. ij.
syrup. q. s. Dosis a gr. iv. ad. gr. xvi. bis terve die.
Pilulæ stomachicæ.
Rx Pulv. canell. alb. drachm. ij. extract. rad. gentian. dr.
i. mucilag. gum arabici q. s. Dosis a scrup. i. ad drachmam
dimid. bis die--adde pro re nata rubigin. martis drachmam
dimid.
PULVERES.
Pulvis astringens.
Rx Pulv. canell. alb. rad. tormentill. singulorum, drachm. i.
M. Dosis a scrup. i. ad drachm. i.
Pulvis aluminosus.
Rx Alumin. crud. terræ japonicæ ana partes æquales dosis a gr.
viij. ad drachmam dimidiam.
Pulv. anodynus Doveri.
Rx Sal. nitri, tartari vitriolati singulorum, unc. iv. in
crucibulum candens injice, agitetur donec deflagratio &
scintillatio desinat, & adde opii concisi, unc. i. & in
pulverem redige addendo rad. glycyrrhiz. ipecacoanhæ
subtilissime pulver. ana, unc. i. & dein probe misceantur
omnia. Dosis a gr. x. ad scrup. ij. vel ad drachmam 1nam.
Pulvis antimonialis.
Rx Pulv. e chel. cancror. drachm. x. tartari emetici, dr. i.
M. fiat pulv. subtilissimus. Dosis a gr. iij. ad gr. x. 4ta.
vel 6ta. quaque hora.
Pulvis cardiacus.
Rx Pulv. canell. alb. drachm. i. rad. zedoariæ, drachm. ij.
rad. serpentar. drachm. i. M. dosis a scrup. i. ad drachm. i.
4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Pulvis chamæmelinus.
Rx Pulv. flor. chamæmel. drachm. iij. aluminis, g. myrrh. ana
drachm. i. Dosis a scrup. i. ad scrup. ij.
Pulv. contrayerv. comp. Ph. Lond.
Pulv. contrayerv. cum nitro.
Rx Pulv. contrayerv. comp. unc. iv. salis nitri, drachm. i. M.
Dosis a scrup. i. ad drachm. i. 4tis. vel 6tis. horis.
Pulvis emeticus.
Rx Pulv. ipecacoanhæ, scrup. i. tartar emetici, gr. ij. Dosis
a gr. xi. ad gr. xxii.
Hiera picra. Ph. Lond.
Pulv. Ipecacuanhæ cum opio.
Rx Pulv. rad. ipecacoan. gr. x. opii, gr. ij. dosis a gr. iij.
ad gr. xij.
Pulv. e jalapio.
Rx Pulv. rad. jalapii, drachm. vi. rad. zinzib. drachm. ij.
Dosis a scrup. i. ad scrup. ij.
Pulv. jalapii cum nitro.
Rx Pulv. rad. jalap. drachm. iv. salis nitri drachm. im. Dosis
a scrup. i. ad scrup. ij.
Magnesia alba.
Pulv. nitrosus.
Rx Pulv. e chel. cancror. drachm. iij. nitri, drachm. i. M.
Dosis a scrup. i. ad scrup. ij. vel ad drachmam. i.
Pulv. nitrosus camphoratus.
Rx Pulv. nitros, scrup. ij. camphoræ, gr. v. M. Dosis a scrup.
i. ad scrup. ij.
Pulv. nitrosus cum gum guaiac.
Rx Sal. nitri, drachm. ij. gum guaiac. drachm. dimid. Dosis a
gr. v. ad drachm. dimid.
Pulv. plummeri.
Rx Calomel, sulph. aurat antimonii ana dr. ij. tere in
mortario ut fiat pulv. subtilissimus. Dosis a gr. ij. ad gr.
x. vel ad scrup. im.
Pulvis stanni. Ph. Lond.
Pulv. e spermat. ceti cum nitro.
Rx Spermat. ceti, drachm. ij. sacchar. albi sal. nitri ana
unc. im. Dosis a scrup. dimid. ad drachmam i.
Pulv. e tragacanth. Ph. Lond.
SALES ACIDI.
PRÆPARATIONES.
Spir. vitrioli fortis | |
Acida ---- tenuis |Spir. vitrioli dulcis |
mineralis Spiritus nitri |Spir. nitri dulcis | Æther.
Spir. salis marini |Spir. salis dulcis. |
Varietat. acid. Acetum.
vegit. Spiritus aceti vel acetum distillatum.
Succus limonum.
Chrystalli tartari.
Acid. anomal. Sal. succini.
Sal. sedativus Hombergeri.
SALES ALCALINI.
Alcal. vegit. Sal. absynthii.
Sal. tartari.
Alcal. min. Sal. alcali mineral. seu soda, seu natrum.
Alcal. vol. Sal. volatilis c. cervi.
Sal. volatilis sal. ammoniaci.
SALES NEUTRI.
SALES NEUTRI, qui fiunt ex ALCALI et ACIDO.
Tartarus vitriol. | vegetab. |
Sal. glauberi | minerali | vitrioli.
Sal. am. vitrioli | volatili |
Sal. nit. com. | vegetab. |
Nit. cubicum | mineral. | nitri.
Sal. am. nitrosum | volatili. |
Sal. digest. sylvii| vegetabil. |
---- marin. com. | minerali | Sal. marini.
---- ammon. com. | volatili |
Varietates Sal. diureticus | vegetab. | aceti.
salis Tartar. tartar. | veget. | chryst. tartar.
neutri | tartari |
comp. ex Sal. citratus com. | veget. | succ. limonum. Vegetabil.
alcal. & | absynth. |
acid. Sal. de seignette | minerali | chryst. tartar.
vegitab. Spir. mindereri. | volatili | acet. distillat.
Hi omnes sales neutri præparari possint pro usu medico admiscendo
Alcali & acidum ad saturationem; alii vero in crystallos redacti, s.
a. commodius circumferuntur pro usu militari; alii ut _sal. citratus
comm._ et _spiritus mindereri_ facilius præparantur ad miscendo alcali
& acidum ad saturationem pro re nata[115].
[115] This Table of neutral Salts is nearly the same as one I
have seen, which was said to be a Copy of that given yearly
by Dr. _Cullen_, Professor of Chymistry in the University of
_Edinburgh_, to his Pupils; and as that published by Dr.
_Vogel_, in his _Institutiones Chymiæ_, sect. 629. These
neutral Salts are likewise taken Notice of by _Macquer_, in
his _Elemens de Chymie_, and other late chymical Authors.
Solutio mercurii corrosivi sublimati.
Rx Mercur. corrosiv. sublimat. gr. vi. spir. vini gallici,
unc. xii. M. fiat solutio. Dosis a semunc ad unc. i. die.
Species aromaticæ. Ph. Lond.
---- e scordio. Ph. Lond.
Tartar. emetic. Ph. Lond.
Theriaca andromachi. Ph. Lond.
TINCTURÆ.
Tinctura amara.
---- corticis Puruv.
---- martis in sp. sal.
---- japonica.
---- melampodii. Pharm. Lond.
---- myrrhæ.
---- sacra.
---- saturnina.
---- serpentariæ.
---- thebaica.
Tinctura rhei.
Rx Pulv. rad. rhei, unc. ij. semin. cardamom minor. decortic.
semunc. vini alb. hisp. lib. ij. sp. vini gallici, unc. viij.
digere sine calore & cola. Dosis ab. unc. i. ad unc. iij.
Tinctura stomachica.
Rx Cort. canell. alb. semunc. cort. aurantior. unc. i. semin.
cardam. minor. decort. drachm. ij. spirit. vini gallici lib.
ij. digere sine calore & cola. Dosis a semunc ad unc. i. bis
terve die.--Adde pro re nata vin alb. hisp. lib. i.
UNGUENTA.
Unguenta cærulea vel mercurial. Ph. Lond.
Unguentum sulphuratum. Ph. Lond.
VINA.
Vinum amarum.
---- antimoniale. Pharm. Lond.
---- chalybeatum.
VITRUM CERATUM ANTIMONII.
AN ESSAY ON THE MEANS of Preserving the Health of SOLDIERS on SERVICE.
AND Conducting MILITARY HOSPITALS.
OF THE Means of Preserving the Health of Soldiers on Service.
The Life of _British_ Soldiers on Service, in Time of War, is so very
different from what they lead in Time of Peace, as to subject them to
many Inconveniences and Diseases.
In Time of Peace, Soldiers are quartered either in Towns or Garrisons,
where they are under the Eye of their Officers, who take Care that
they keep themselves clean, and provided with Necessaries; they lie
either in private Houses or in Barracks, where they have a good Bed,
regular Meals of wholesome Provisions, and enjoy most of the other
Necessaries of Life in common with the lower Class of People, their
Duty is easy, they mount Guard but seldom, and in other Nights enjoy
an undisturbed Rest.
Whereas, during the Time of an active Campaign, they are seldom in
Houses; they lie in Tents upon the Ground, which is often bare, and at
best covered only with Straw and a Blanket; and sometimes they are
obliged, after fatiguing Marches in wet Weather, to lie on the bare
Ground, without even a Tent to cover them; they must stand Centinel,
and be upon Pikets and other Out-Posts in the Night, during all Kinds
of Weather; besides performing long fatiguing Marches, and other
military Duties; and when near an Enemy, they are perhaps on Duty
every second or third Night, besides working Parties, and other Duties
of Fatigue; and what Rest they have is interrupted by frequent Alarms.
They have often but little Time or Convenience to make themselves
clean. Provisions are sometimes scarce, and frequently on long Marches
they have no Opportunity of dressing what they can get: Water is
sometimes difficult to be come at, and what is to be got, is bad. And
it frequently happens, that neither Beer, Wine, nor Spirits, can be
purchased for Money. In fixed Camps, they are often exposed to the
putrid Effluvia of dead Bodies, of dead Horses, and other Animals, and
of the Privies and Dung of the Horses[116]; and, in some Encampments,
likewise to the unwholesome Vapours of marshy Ground, and of corrupt
stagnating Water: All which, joined to the other Hardships and
Inconveniences unavoidably attending a military Life in Time of
Service, often give Rise to numerous Diseases, which weaken an Army in
a most surprising Manner; and therefore Commanders ought to use every
Means in their Power, consistent with the necessary military
Operations, to preserve the Health of the Soldiers.
[116] In the Year 1760, the Men, who remained in the fixed
Camp about _Warbourg_, were very unhealthy; while the
Regiments who were detached to the _Lower Rhine_, under the
Command of the Hereditary Prince of _Brunswick_, enjoyed a
much better State of Health; and notwithstanding their great
Fatigues, and the Loss they sustained at the Affair of
_Kampen_, were much stronger when they rejoined the Army to
go upon the Winter Expedition into the Country of _Hesse_,
than those Regiments which had remained in the fixed Camp.
Diseases are more or less frequent in Armies according as the Season
is hot or cold, wet or dry; according to the Nature of the Climate,
and the Time of the Year in which military Operations are carried on;
the Nature of the Ground on which the Army is encamped, or the
Situation of the Towns or Villages in which they are cantonned; the
Cleanness, Neatness, and Dryness of the Camp, and of the Tents or
Houses in which the Soldiers are lodged; according as the Men are
supplied with Provisions, and good Water, good Beer, Wine, or other
fermented Liquors; or are well cloathed, and well furnished with Straw
and Blankets; in proportion as the Duty is more or less severe; and to
the Care taken of such as are attacked with Sickness.
Soldiers generally enjoy good Health in cold dry Weather, even during
the Time of severe Frost; if they be kept in Exercise, be well
cloathed, and well supplied with Provisions and good Liquors, and
with Wood; as the Troops, both in _Germany_ and _North America_,
experienced during the late War; but Cold joined to Moisture was
observed always to be productive of Diseases.
Nor is mere Heat of itself such an Enemy to Health[117] as is
generally apprehended; but when joined to Moisture, is observed to
give Rise to the most fatal Disorders in the warm Climates.
[117] This Dr. _Pringle_ takes Notice of; and Mr. _Naesmith_
says, he observed it in Voyages to the _East Indies_, which
afford the fairest Trials of this Kind. See Dr. _Lind's Essay
on the Means of Preserving the Health of Seamen_, 2d edit.
note to page 5.
In our northern Climates the Winters are cold, and the Weather
variable; sometimes it is cold and rainy, at other Times thick and
foggy; sometimes we have fair Weather and Sunshine, at other Times
Frost and Snow; and sometimes it happens that we have all these
different Sorts of Weather in the same Day. During this Season,
Soldiers are subject to Coughs, Pleurisies, Peripneumonies,
Rheumatisms, and other Disorders of the inflammatory Kind. And in
very intense Frost, they are liable to have their Limbs benumbed with
Cold, and their Extremities Frost bit (as it is called).
And where there is a Want of fresh Provisions, and they are obliged to
live on salted Meat, and cannot have Greens, Pot Herbs, Roots, or
other fresh Vegetables, nor be properly supplied with Beer, Cyder,
Wine, or other generous fermented Liquors, they, as well as Sailors,
are subject to the Scurvy[118]; especially if they be encamped or
quartered in low damp Places.
[118] Dr. _Joh. Valint. Willius_, Army Physician to the King
of _Denmark_, in his Treatise on Camp Diseases, says, you
scarce find a Camp in these northern Countries in which the
true Scurvy, attended with stinking Breath and eroded Gums,
is not to be observed. _Cap._ iii. _sect._ iii.
The best Means of guarding against inflammatory Disorders, and other
Mischiefs arising from Cold, whether in Camp or in Quarters, is, to
take Care that the Soldiers be well cloathed; that they lie dry, and
be well provided with Straw and Blankets, and with Wood; and to
prevent, as much as possible, their exposing themselves to sudden
changes from Heat to Cold.
In these northern Climates, it would be right to allow every Soldier
on Service a Flannel Waistcoat, a Pair of worsted Gloves, and a warm
woollen Stock, or a Neckcloth, to wear when on Duty in cold and wet
Weather, as soon as the Winter begins to set in[119]. Dr. _Pringle_
mentions the Advantage the Troops received from the Flannel
Waistcoats supplied by the Quakers, in the Winter Campaign of 1745-6,
in _Britain_; and those Regiments who had them for their Men towards
the End of the Campaigns in _Germany_, found that they contributed
greatly to keep the Men in Health. Officers ought to take particular
Care that the Men be well provided with good strong Shoes and
Stockings; and where the Troops remain late in the Field, if the
Government allowed a Pair or two extraordinary of each to every Foot
Soldier, it would be of great Use to the Service.
[119] A Flannel Waistcoat, worsted Gloves, and woollen Stock,
or a Neckcloth, may be purchased for about Half a Crown _per_
Man, and would contribute to preserve the Lives of many; the
recruiting of others, to supply whose Places, if they die,
will cost the Government a great deal more than the Price of
the Articles mentioned; which for a Regiment of nine hundred
Men, at the Rate of two Shillings and Six-Pence _per_ Man,
comes only to 112_l._ 10_s._ _per Ann._ Every Recruit sent
from _England_ to the Army in _Germany_, cost the Government
at least twenty Guineas before he joined his Regiment; and
every sick Man sent to the general Hospital, cost the
Government at least sixteen Pence _per_ Day, which is ten
Pence above his Pay; so that, if we suppose the extraordinary
Cloathing here mentioned would preserve only the Lives of
nine Men to each Regiment yearly, and keep forty in Health
who would otherwise be sick, we see what great Gainers the
Government will be in Point of Money at the Year's End;
besides preserving the Lives and Health of so many Men.
Blankets ought to be provided for each Tent, and those carried along
with the Regiment, so as to be always ready for the Men when they come
to their Ground. During the late War in _Germany_, a Couple of
Blankets were allowed for each Tent of the _British_ Troops, and each
Company carried their Blankets covered with an Oil Cloth on a Horse;
so that they were always up with the Regiments when they came to their
Ground.