great literary revival, which has marked the era of peaceful
parliamentary government. King Luis was an enlightened patron of
letters, and translated some of the plays of Shakespeare into Portuguese
in a manner which showed him to be well versed in the capabilities of
his own language. In the country of Camoens there has been no lack of
poets, though none of the modern writers would dare to class themselves
with him. Foremost among these poets are Almeida-Garrett and Castilho,
who alike sang the ancient glories of Portugal, but among their
followers are many whose inspiration is hardly inferior to their own.
Such men as José da Silva Mendes Leal, Luis Augusto Palmeirim, and João
Soares de Passos, have written poems worthy to rank with the classics of
Portuguese literature, and their muse has generally been fostered by a
knowledge of ancient writers and of old national lyrical forms. Even
more important than the poets are the historians of modern Portugal, for
they are the men who have made the Portuguese so proud of their
nationality that they still cling closely to their independence and
oppose the advocates of “Iberianism.” The founder of the new school of
scientific historians was Alexandra Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo, who,
after imitating Sir Walter Scott in his historical novels, showed that
he had been influenced by Niebuhr and Ranke in his famous history of
Portugal, of which the first volume was published in 1848. He it was who
first grasped the fact that history can only be rightly studied and
correctly written after a careful and critical investigation of
documents, and he manifested both energy and discernment in clearing
away the cobweb of legend which had been spun about the early days of
the nation. Herculano inspired his spirit into the new generation, and
he has had many painstaking and able followers, among whom the ablest
are Luis Augusto Rebello da Silva, Simião José da Luz Soriano, and José
Maria Latino Coelho. In general literature, the modern Portuguese are
equally distinguished, though their greatest strength lies in poetry
and history, and it is worthy of notice, that literary fame is a sure
passport to rapid advancement in political life. The high opinion held
of literary endeavour is an evidence of the persistency of the national
spirit, and as such may be welcomed as the brightest augury for the
future development of the Portuguese nation.
Few countries of Europe will repay attentive study better than Portugal;
no nation, except Spain, passed through such a trial as the reign of
Maria da Gloria, and in no country have the advantages of representative
institutions been better realized; socialism possesses there a
reforming, not a revolutionary, force; knowledge of the history of their
nation, inspired by great writers, has made the modern Portuguese
ambitious to revive the glories of the past, and has united men of all
shades of opinion in a common patriotism. The Camoens celebration of
1880 showed that the Brazilians are still proud of their mother country,
and that the Portuguese race on both sides of the Atlantic was ready to
develop new energy and perseverance, and to prove its descent from the
men who under Affonso Henriques conquered the Moors; who under John I.
and John IV. rejected the rule of the Spaniards; who under Affonso de
Alboquerque and João de Castro made their names famous from Arabia to
Japan; and who, by the labours of Prince Henry “the Navigator” and the
voyage of Vasco da Gama, initiated a new era in the history of the
world.
[Illustration: text decoration]
INDEX.
A.
Abd-el-Melik, 248, 250, 253, 254
Abrantes, 57, 104, 392
Abrantes, Marquis of, 393
Abu Abdallah, Governor of Alcacer do Sal, 72, 73
Abu-l-Hasan, defeated at the Salado, 1340, 92
Abyssinia, visits of Portuguese travellers to, 167
“Academia Real das Sciencias,” 372, 396
Academy of History, 353
A’Court, Sir William; _see_ Heytesbury, Lord
Aden, 200, 214
Affonso Henriques, 24, 31, 34, 35, 37-58, 98
Affonso II., 70-74, 98
Affonso III., 79, 80-83, 89, 98
Affonso IV., 86, 91-99
Affonso V., 130-35, 138, 159, 160
Affonso VI., 324, 326-34
Affonso, son of Affonso III., 85, 86
Affonso, only son of John II., 163, 170
Affonso, João, bastard son of Diniz, 91
Affonso, Pedro, bastard son of Count Henry, 31
Affonso, Pedro, bastard son of Diniz, Count of Barcellos, 91
Africa, 144-56, 195, 213, 247, 343, 346, 428, 429
Agriculture, 87, 181, 368
Ahmed, Maulā, 248, 249, 253-55
Alans, the, conquer Lusitania, 10
Alarcos, battle of, 63
Albergaria, Diogo Soares de, 169
Albergaria, Francisco Soares de, 309
Albergaria, Lopo Soares de, 203
Albert, Cardinal, 286, 290
Alboquerque, Affonso de, 169, 185, 193, 197-201
Alboquerque, Francisco de, 193
Alboquerque, João de, 209
Alboquerque, Mathias de, 291
Alboquerque, Mathias de, 317
Alboquerque, Pedro de, 169
Alboquerque, Sancho, Count of, 101
Alcacer do Sal, 54, 62, 66, 72
Alcacer-Quibir, battle of (1578), 254
Alcanede granted to Knights of Calatrava, 66
Alcantara, battle of (1580), 283
Alçobaça, monastery of, 54, 69, 98, 99, 397
Alçobaça, Cortes of, 164, 165
Alemquer, 53, 104
Alemtejo, the, 55, 57, 66, 87, 181, 421
Alexander III., Pope, 57
Alexander VI., Pope, 163, 191
Alfarrobeira, battle of (1449), 133
Alfonso VI., 17, 18, 23
Alfonso VII., 30, 35, 37-39, 54
Alfonso VIII., 63, 71
Alfonso IX., 63, 64, 71
Alfonso X., 81
Alfonso XI., 92
Algarves, the, 43, 62, 76, 78, 80, 81, 181, 182
Alho, Affonso Martins, 94
Ali, Almoravide Caliph, 28
Ali Adil Shah, King of Bijápur, 247
Aljubarrota, battle of, 111, 113
Aljustrel, taken by Knights of Santiago, 76
Almada, 53, 62, 66, 104, 312
Almada, Alvaro Vaz de, _see_ Arronches, Count of
Almada, Antonio de, 308, 311
Almanza, battle of (1707), 351
Almeida taken by the Spaniards (1760), 363
Almeida, Francisco de, 195-97, 214
Almeida, Lourenço de, 175, 196
Almeida, Miguel de, 308, 309, 311
Almeida-Garrett, João Baptista, 425, 431
Almohades, the, 44, 55, 57, 62;
_see_ Ya’kūb, Yūsuf
Almoravides, the, 17, 41
Almoster, battle of (1834), 421
Alorna, João de Almeida Portugal, Marquis of, 371, 374
Alorna, Pedro, Marquis of, 395
Alva, Duke of, 249, 281, 283
Alvares, Manoel, 276
Alvares, Mattheus, 287
Alvitiz, Pedro, 72
“Amadis of Gaul” romance, 126
Amarante, Francisco da Silveira, Count of, 415
Ameixial, battle of (1663), 331
Amelia of Bavaria, 418, 423
Anadia, Viscount of, 391
Andeiro, João Fernandes, _see_ Ourem, Count of
Andrade, Gomes Freire de, 395, 413
Andrade, Jacinto Freire de, 325
Andrew of London, 52
Andrew of Oxford, 93
Angeja, Marquis of, 372
Angola, 324, 346
Anne of Austria, 314, 315
Annes, Affonso, 109
Annes, Estevão, 80
Annes, Gonçalo, 167
Annes, Martim, 75
Annes, Pedro, 73, 75
Annunciacão, Miguel de, 371
Antas, General das, 420, 424
Antonio, Prior of Crato, 281, 283-86
Aranjuez, Treaty of (1793), 386
Arcadia de Lisboa, 369, 372
Arguin, fort at, 154, 295
Armamar, Count of, 316
Arnold of Aerschot, 52
Arnold, Edmund, 118
Arrayolos, Count of, 130
Arronches, battle of (1801), 389
Arronches, Antonio Vaz de Almada, Count of, 132, 133
Arundel, Richard, Earl of, 93
Arundel, Thomas, Earl of, 118
Arzila, 133, 179, 249, 253, 285
Ashworth, Sir C., 405
Asseiceira, battle of (1834), 421
Asturians, the, 5
Ataulphus, Visigothic king, 11
Athaide, Catherina de, 270
Athaide, Luis de, Viceroy of India, 246-48, 257
Atoleiros, battle of (1384), 110
Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenberg, 423
Ayamonte, 78, 80
Ayamonte, Marquis of, 316, 317
Aymeric of Cahors, 89
Azambuja, Diogo de, 169
Azambuja, Jeronymo de, 276
Azamor in Morocco, 179
Azevedo, Antonio de Araujo de, 387, 388, 391, 396
Azores, the, 147, 285, 295, 419
Azurara, chronicler, 135, 379
B
Badajoz, 56, 326, 375, 389
Bahādar Shah, King of Gujarāt, 204, 205
Bainetti, Marquis de, 305
Baldaya, Affonso Gonçalves, 147
Ballerais, Count of, 316
Bank of Portugal, 368
Bar, Count of, 62
Barbacena, Felisberto Caldeira Brant Pontes, Marquis of, 405, 418
Barbosa du Bocage, Manoel Maria, 379, 385
Barbosa Machado, Diogo, _see_ Machado
Barcellos, João Affonso Telles de Menezes, Count of, 104
Barcellos, Duke of, 255
Bardez, Marāthas defeated at, 374
Barreto, Antonio Moniz, 320
Barreto, Antonio Moniz, 247, 248
Barreto, Francisco, 246, 247, 271
Barros, João de, 185, 226, 274-76
Batalha, Convent, 113, 119
Batavia, 294, 342
Beatrice de Gusman, 81
Beatrice of Castile, 86, 98
Beatrice, daughter of Pedro I., 101
Beatrice, daughter of Ferdinand and Leonor, 106, 107
Beatrice, daughter of the “Holy Constable,” 125
Beatrice, daughter of Emmanuel, 178, 264
Beauvais, Bishop of, 62
Belatha, Emirate of, 43
Belem, palace at, 176;
Convent at, 184, 204;
Sebastian buried at, 256
Bellesta, Spanish general, 397
Benedict XIV., Pope, 360
Bengal, trade with, 205, 296, 343
Beresford, William Carr, Viscount, 400, 402, 405-7, 412, 413
Bermudo II., King of Gallicia, 13
Berwick, James, Duke of, 351
Bishoprics and bishops, 10, 26, 30, 67, 75, 79, 183
Black Death, the, 95
Blake, Admiral Robert, 323, 324
Bojador, Cape, 146, 147
Bombay ceded to England, 330, 346
Bomfim, Count of, 424
Bonaparte, Joseph, 401
Bonaparte, Lucien, 389
Braamcamp, Antonio José, 427
Bradford, Sir Edward, 405, 406
Braga, Archbishopric of, 26
Braga Cathedral, 32, 98
Braganza, the Dukes of, 303
Braganza, Affonso, Duke of, 125, 126, 131-33
Braganza, Alvaro de, 161
Braganza, Catherine, Duchess of, 278
Braganza, Constantino de, 212, 213, 246, 270
Braganza, Ferdinand, Duke of, 161, 162
Braganza, Jaymé de, 255
Braganza, João, Duke of, 280, 284
Braganza, Theodosio, Duke of, 304
Brandão, Antonio, 301
Brazil, 175, 221-35, 243, 296-98, 318-20, 336, 337,
346-48, 369, 375-77, 392, 414, 419, 428, 430
Breyner, Pedro de Mello, 393, 396
Brézé, Chevalier de, 315
Brito, Bernardo de, 7, 301
Brotero, Felix de Avellar, 380, 385
Bugio, castle of, 312
Burton, Sir Richard F., quoted, 90, 130, 242, 257
Busaco, battle of (1810), 402
C
Cabo Branco, 148
Cabral, Gonçalo Velho, 147
Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 175, 192, 193, 221, 222
Cacello taken, 78, 80
Caceres taken by Affonso Henriques, 55, 56
Cadamosto, Luigi, 151, 152
Cadaval, Duke of, 336, 351
Cafim, abandoned by John III., 179
Calatrava, Order of, 66
Caldeira, Francisco Soares da, 423, 424
Calicut, 189, 193, 198
Calpurnius, C., 6
Cam, or Cão, Diogo, 156
Camara, Luis Gonçalves da, Jesuit, 241, 242
Camara, Martim da, 241
Caminha, Andrade, 267
Caminha, Duke of, 315-17
Camoens, Luis de, his life, 268-71;
his “Lusiads,” 271-74, 379
Camoens, “Lusiads” of, 7, 45, 90, 97, 130, 189, 214
Camoens Celebration, 274, 432
Campbell, Sir Archibald, 405, 407
Campo, Don Luiz de, 311
Cannanore, 193, 196
Cannon, 111, 113, 169
Cantabrians, the, 5
Cantanhede, Antonio Luis de Menezes, Count of, 327
Canton, Andrade at, 175, 215, 342
Cape Matapan, 352
Cape of Good Hope, 156, 343
Cape Saint Vincent, 420
Cape Verde, 150
Cape Verde Islands, 153, 346
Caraffa, Spanish general, 392
Cardenas, Don Didace de, 305
Carlotta Joaquina, 373, 404, 411, 414
Carneiro, Pedro de Alçaçova, 241, 245, 249
Carracena, Marquis of, 331
Carthaginians, the, 5, 6
Carvalho, Antonio Coelho de, 314
Carvalho, Lourenço Peres de, 316
Carvalho e Mello, Sebastião José de, _see_ Pombal, Marquis of
Castanheda, Fernão Lopes de, 185
Castel Melhor, Luis de Sousa e Vasconcellos, Count of, 331-33
Castilho, Antonio Feliciano de, 425, 430, 431
Castlereagh, Lord, 407, 408
Castro Alvaro Peres de, 95
Castro, Antonio José de, 397
Castro, Fernando de, 305, 306
Castro, Ines de, 95-98
Castro, João de, 206, 210-12
Castro, Joaquim Machado de, 368, 380
Castro, Pedro Fernandes de, 93, 95
Catherine, daughter of King Edward, 134, 164
Catherine of Austria, 178, 240
Catherine of Braganza, 323, 329, 330, 336, 340
Catherine de’ Medici, 278, 285
Cave-dwellers in Portugal, 4, 5
Cavida, Antonio de, 334
Celestine III., Pope, 63, 64
Celorico, built by Sancho I., 69
Cerneja, battle of (1137), 38
Ceuta, 123, 333
Ceylon, 184, 203, 292, 342
Cezimbra, palace at, 119
Chancellors of Portugal, 88
Charles I., King of Portugal, 428
Charles I., of England, 314
Charles II., of England, 329, 330
Charles V., Emperor, 178, 179
Charles, Archduke, 338, 340, 351
Charles VIII., of France, 165
Charles III., Duke of Savoy, 178
“Charles-et-Georges,” the, 425, 426
Charlot, General, 397
Charter of 1826, 417, 421, 424, 425
Chastenau, Comte de, 337
Chaul, battle of (1508), 196
Chimnaji Apā takes Bassein, 373
China, 175, 215, 216, 342
Chin Chee, factory at, 215
Christ, Order of, 86, 124, 183
Christianity introduced, 10, 12
_Chronica do Conquista do Algarves_, 127
Chroniclers, the early, 126, 127, 379
Cintra, 53, 104, 119, 334, 400
Ciudad Rodrigo, 56, 331, 341
Clement XIV., Pope, 364
Cleynaerts, quoted, 236
Clinton, Col. Henry, 390
Cochin, 193, 195, 196, 198, 204, 294, 342
Cochin China, 175, 214
Coelho, Duarte, 175, 214
Coelho da Silva, Francisco, 385
Coelho, José Maria Latino, 431
Coimbra, 15, 18, 24, 28, 58, 74, 83, 87, 97, 105, 111, 119, 406
Coimbra, bishops of, _see_ Annunciacão, Aymeric, Tiburcio
Coimbra, University of, _see_ University
Coligny, Admiral, 234
Colombo, factory, 203
Columbus, Christopher, 169
Commerce, Treaties of, 86, 94, 165, 337-40, 372
Congo, the, 151
Congreve, William, quoted, 216
Constance, daughter of Diniz, 86
Constance, wife of Pedro, 92, 95
Constituent Assembly of 1820, 413, 414
Constitution of 1822, 414, 424
Conti, valet of Affonso VI., 330, 331
Conventions, 400, 421, 424
Correa, Antonio, 309, 316
Correa da Silva, Antonio, 380
Correa da Serra, José, 379, 385
Correia, Paio Peres, 76
Corte-Real, Diogo de Mendonça, Count of, 352
Corte-Real, Gaspar, 175
Corte-Real, Jeronymo, 267, 301
Cortes, 45, 71, 81, 83, 106, 111, 128, 130, 160,
164, 165, 257, 280, 283, 312, 417
Costa Cabral, Antonio Bermudo da, _see_ Thomar, Count of
Costa, Duarte da, 233
Costa, João da, 262
Courts of Love, 89, 91
Coutinho, Francisco, _see_ Redondo, Count of
Coutinho, Gaston, 308, 311
Coutinho, Luis Pinto de Sousa, 386
Coutinho, Manoel de Sousa, 291
Coutinho, Ruy Pereira, 175
Couto, Diogo do, 185, 301
Covada Piedade, battle of, 421
Covilham, João Peres de, 167
Cromwell, Oliver, 323
Crusaders, 48, 52, 60, 62, 72
Crusadoes, struck by Affonso V., 133
Cruz e Silva, Antonio Diniz da, 378
Cueva, Fernando de la, 313
Cunha, Ayres da, 226
Cunha, Cardinal da, 354
Cunha, Estevão da, 308, 309
Cunha e Menezes, Francisco da, 393
Cunha, João Lourenço da, 101, 104
Cunha, Luis da, 308
Cunha, Luis da, 359
Cunha, Nuno da, 204, 205
Cunha, Rodrigo da, 308, 311
Cunha, Tristão da, 175, 196, 197
D
Da Cunha, Da Silva, &c., _see_ Cunha, Silva, &c.
Dábhol, sacked by Almeida, 197
Daman, taken by Constantino de Braganza, 213, 270
Das Antas, Das Regras, &c., _see_ Antas, Regras, &c.
De Castro, De Noronha, &c., _see_ Castro, Noronha, &c.
Denifle, H., “Universitäten des Mittelalters,” 260
Diamonds discovered in Brazil, 377
Diamper (Udayampura), Synod of, 292
Dias, Bartholomeu, 156
Dickson, Sir Alexander, 405
Diniz, King of Portugal, 81, 83, 85-91, 98, 260
Diniz, son of Pedro I. and Ines de Castro, 103, 114, 118
Diogo, Duke of Viseu, 162
Diu, Island of, 197, 204, 205, 211, 212, 334
Domingues, Rodrigo, 93
Domingues, Vasco, 104
Drake, Sir Francis, 285, 290
Dulce of Aragon, queen of Sancho I., 57, 98
Duperron de Castera, 379
D’Urban, Sir Benjamin, 402
Dutch, the, 290, 291, 294-98, 314, 315, 318, 320, 341-43, 346
E
Eannes, Gil, doubles Cape Bojador, 147
Earthquake of Lisbon, 357, 358
Eben, Baron, 401
Education, National system of, 430
Edward, King of Portugal, 122, 124, 126-29
Edward I., of England, 86
Edward II., of England, 86
Edward III., of England, 93, 94, 104
Edward IV., of England, 134, 164
Edward, the Black Prince, 94
Edward, Duke of Guimaraens, 178, 278
Egas, João, Archbishop of Braga, 79
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 285, 295
Elmina, fort built at, 156
Elvas, 75, 312, 327, 360, 389
Emeralds found in Brazil, 377
Emmanuel, King of Portugal, 170-78, 188, 191, 215
England, 52, 62, 72, 86, 93-95, 106, 111, 113,
116-18, 164, 165, 290, 295, 296, 329, 330, 336,
337-40, 343, 352, 363, 380, 381, 387, 388, 399-405, 414, 417, 421, 429
Epic, first Portuguese, 93
Equator, the, crossed, 154
Era, changed from Augustan to Christian, 121
Espinosa, Gabriel, 288
Euric, Visigothic king, 11
Evora, Pedro de, 167
Evora, 10, 55, 57, 66, 128, 135, 160, 302, 331
Evora Monte, surrender of, 421
F
Faria e Sousa, Manoel, 185, 301
Farinha, Affonso Peres, 76
Faro, Affonso, Count of, 161
Ferdinand, King of Portugal, 99-107
Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 423, 425, 426
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, 134, 135, 163, 171
Ferdinand VI., of Spain, 352
Ferdinand I., of Leon, 14, 15
Ferdinand II., of Leon, 54-56
Ferdinand IV., of Castile, 86
Ferdinand, son of Sancho I., 70, 74
Ferdinand, son of Affonso II., 76, 78, 79
Ferdinand, son of John I., the “Constant Prince,” 122, 125, 129, 130
Ferdinand, son of Edward, 153, 161
Ferdinand, son of Emmanuel, Duke of Guarda, 178
Ferdinand, son of Maria II., 426
Fernandes, João, 151
Fernandes, Martim, 73
Ferrario, Francisco, 276
Ferreira, Antonio, 266, 267
Feudalism in Portugal, 87, 88, 120, 121, 160, 413
“Fidelissimus,” title conferred on kings of Portugal, 353
Fielding, Henry, 381
“Filintists,” the, 379
Flor da Rosa, battle of (1801), 389
Fonseca, Agostino Luis da, 405, 407
Fontaine, Pierre Louis, 385
Fontainebleau, Treaty of (1807), 392
Forbes-Skelater, João, 386
Francis Xavier, St., 209, 212, 295
Frederick III., Emperor, 134
Freemasons, 385, 393
Freire, Antonio de Andrade, 371
French, the, in Brazil, 233-35
French Revolution, 382, 383, 385, 414
Friars, Orders of, 74, 208, 417, 422
Funchal, in Madeira, 144
G
Galle in Ceylon, 330
Gallicia, 15, 25, 37-39, 56
Gallicians, mentioned by Strabo, 5
Garveras, Count das, 340
Galway, Henri de Ruvigny, Lord, 340, 341, 351
Gama, Antonio de Saldanha da, _see_ Porto Santo, Count of
Gama, Estevão da, 205, 206
Gama, Vasco da, 175, 188, 189, 191-93, 203, 204
Gaunt, John of, _see_ Lancaster, Duke of
_Gazeta de Lisboa_, 325
Gelmires, Diogo, 28-30
George IV. of England receives Maria II., 418
Goa, 183, 198, 201, 203, 208, 209, 246, 247,
292, 294, 317, 342, 343, 374, 375, 390
Godoy, Prince of the Peace, 386, 387, 392
Goes, Damião de, 274
Gold, discovery of, in Brazil, 336, 337, 347, 348, 376
Gomes, Diogo, 153
Gomes, Fernan, 154
Gomes, Sueiro, 72, 74, 78
Gomes, Violante, 281
Gonçalves, Alvaro, 97, 98
Gonçalves, Antonio, 148, 151
Gonçalves, Lopo, 154
Gonzales, Sebastião, 218
Gonzales, Sebastião, 286, 287
Goths, the, 10, 11
Govea, Andrea, 261, 262
Govea, Antonio, 261
Govea, Martial, 261
Graa, Ruy de, 169
Granada, Convention of, 424
Greek colonies in Portugal, 5
Gregory IX., Pope, 76
Gregory XI., Pope, 101
Gregory XIII., Pope, 249, 278
Guimaraens, 5, 24, 31, 133, 304
Guinea, discovered by Diniz Dias, 150
Gusmão, Bartholomeu de, 379, 380
Guy of Boulogne, Cardinal, 103
Guy of Vico, Cardinal, 39
Gylfels, Dutch Admiral, 315
H
Hamilton, Captain, quoted, 374
Hamilton, Sir John, 407
Haro, Don Luiz de, 327
Hawker, Sir Richard, 405
Henry of Burgundy, 18, 20, 21, 20-24, 98
Henry, Cardinal, King of Portugal, 183, 240, 241, 257
Henry IV., of England, 118
Henry V., of England, 118
Henry VII., of England, 165
Henry I., of Castile, 70
Henry II., of Castile, 101, 103, 106
Henry III., of Castile, 113
Henry IV., of Castile, 134
Henry, Prince, “the Navigator,” 122, 124, 125, 131, 132, 140-53
Hensler, Elise, 426
Hentzel, squire of John of Gaunt, 111
Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo, Alexandre, 102, 425, 431
Herman, M., 396
Heytesbury, W. A’Court, Lord, 415
Historians of Portugal, 126, 127, 274, 275, 301, 369, 372, 379, 425, 431, 432
Holland, Earl of, 72
Honorius III., Pope, 73, 75
Hoseyn, Emir, 197
Hospital, Knights of St. John, of the, 32, 66, 76, 80
Houtman, Cornelius, 291
Hugh of Cluny, 23, 28
Hunter, Sir W. W., quoted, 190, 201, 291, 294
I
Iberianism, 2, 415, 421
Ilheos in Brazil, 229
India, 143, 167, 175, 189, 190, 192-213, 245-48, 291-96, 342, 343, 373-75
Innocent II., Pope, 39, 40
Innocent III., Pope, 67, 69, 71
Innocent IV., Pope, 79
Inquiracãoes-geraes, 73, 160
Inquisition, 183, 231, 246, 291, 294, 343, 354, 367, 413
Interdicts, 69, 73, 78, 81
Isabel, St., 86, 91, 92
Isabel, daughter of John I., 125, 134
Isabel, queen of Affonso V., 132, 134
Isabel, daughter of Emmanuel, 178
Isabel Maria, daughter of John VI., 416
Isabella, Queen of Castile, _see_ Ferdinand and Isabella
Isabella, eldest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, 163, 171, 174
J
Jaffnapatam, taken by Dutch, 342
Jant, Chevalier de, 323, 329
Jaymé, son of Duke of Coimbra, 133
Jesuits, 183, 209, 230, 231, 343, 347, 359-61, 364
Jews, Portuguese, 171, 172, 173
Joanna, Lady of Flanders, 70
Joanna, daughter of King Edward, 135
Joanna, queen of Affonso V., 134
Joanna, daughter of Affonso V., 165
Joanna, daughter of Charles V., 179, 240
John I., King of Portugal, 97, 103, 105-7, 109-11, 113-27, 133, 261
John II., King of Portugal, 156, 158-70
John III., King of Portugal, 174-84, 261, 263
John IV., King of Portugal, 304-6, 312-17, 321, 323, 324
John V., King of Portugal, 350-54
John VI., King of Portugal, 373-89, 392, 393, 408, 410, 411, 414-16
John XXI., Pope, 83
John XXII., Pope, 86
John I., of Castile, 106, 107, 110, 111, 113
John, son of Pedro I., 103-5
John, Duke of Beja, 122, 125
John, son of John III., 179, 184
John, son of Maria II., 426
John of Abbeville, Cardinal, 75, 76
Joseph, King of Portugal, 354-70
Joseph, bastard son of John V., 371
Joseph, son of Maria I. and Pedro III., 373
Julião, Chancellor, 67, 71
Junot, General, 391, 392, 393, 395-97, 400
Juromenha, 66, 389
Justice, administration of, 88, 121, 160, 367
K
Kandy, conquest of king of, 292
Kersaint, French deputy, 385
Knights, military religious Orders of, 32, 48, 66, 76
L
Labrador discovered, 175
La Clue, French admiral, 358
Lafões, João de Braganza, Duke of, 371, 372, 385
Laharpe translates “Camoens,” 379
Lamego, 8, 15, 45
Lançarote, his slaving voyages, 149
Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, 93
Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of, 103, 113
Lane-Poole, S., quoted, 11, 172
Language, the Portuguese, 2, 8, 89, 121, 265
Law, Portuguese, 10, 88, 121, 124
Leça granted to Knights of Hospital, 32
Le Cor, Carlos Frederico, 392, 405, 407, 411
Leiria, 10, 43, 46, 81, 87, 106, 183, 368, 421
Lemos, Damião Antonio de, 369
Leonor Telles de Menezes, Queen, 101, 103-5, 107, 110
Leonor, daughter of Affonso IV., 94
Leonor, daughter of Edward, 134
Leonora of Aragon, 124, 130, 131
Leonora of Castile, 101, 102
Lhuillier, member of Regency, 396
Lima, Luis de, 255
Limia, taken by Affonso Henriques, 37, 56
Linhares, built by Sancho I., 69
Lippe-Buckeburg, Count of, 363, 364, 367
Lisbon, 5, 8, 12, 17, 18, 51, 52, 64, 87, 95, 102,
103, 109, 110, 119, 120, 182, 236, 237, 257,
260, 261, 286, 290, 302, 308-12, 333, 338, 353,
355, 357, 358, 368, 372, 380, 381, 393, 413, 421, 426, 427
Literature, 89, 90, 126, 127, 135, 137, 169, 259-77,
301, 325, 369, 377-79, 425, 430-32
Lobeira, Vasco de, 126
Lodeiro, granted to Knights of Sepulchre, 32
Loison, General, 397
London, crusaders from, 62, 94
Lopes, Fernan, chronicler, 127, 379
Lopes, Martim, 167
Louis XI., of France, 135, 159
Louis XIV., of France, 329, 332
Loulé, Marquis of, 415
Lourenço, Archbishop of Braga, 110, 121
Lourenço, Theresa, 97
Luis I., King of Portugal, 426, 427, 430
Luis, son of Emmanuel, Duke of Beja, 178, 179, 211, 281
Luisa de Guzman, Queen of John IV., 304, 305, 326-31
Lusitania, not Portugal, 6-8
Lusitanians, 5-7
Luz Soriano, Simião José da, historian, 431
M
Macao, 215, 270, 317, 342, 369, 375
Macassar, 343
Machado, Diogo Barbosa, 369
Machado de Castro, Joaquim, _see_ Castro
Machico, Province of Madeira, 144
Machin, Robert, 144-46
Madden, Sir Samuel, 405
Madeira, 144-46, 390, 399
Madrid, 341;
treaty of, 351, 352
Mafra, 53, 353, 397
Magalhães, Fernão de, 175, 180, 199, 214
Magalhães, Pedro Jacques de, 331
Magellan, _see_ Magalhães
Magro, Gonçalo Peres, 80
Major, R. H., quoted, 141, 149
Malacca, 175, 199, 214, 247, 248, 294, 317, 342
Malagrida, Gabriel, 361, 364
Maldive Islands, 175, 196
Mangalore, 246
Manique, Diogo Ignacio de Pina, 172, 382, 385, 390
Manufactures, Pembal and, 368
Marāthas, the, 343, 373, 374
Margaret of France, 244
Margaret of Savoy, 305, 306, 309
Maria I., Queen of Portugal, 370-73, 393, 408
Maria II., Queen of Portugal, 417, 418, 421-25
Maria, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, 174
Maria, daughter of Affonso IV., 92
Maria, daughter of John III., 179
Maria Amelia, queen of Carlos I., 428
Maria Barbara, daughter of John V., 352
Maria Benedicta, 373
Maria Francisca, marries Affonso VI., 332;
and Pedro II., 333, 334
Maria Josepha, marries Pedro IV., 412
Maria Pia, queen of Luis I., 426
Maria Sophia, queen of Pedro II., 336
Marialva, Marquis of, 331