CHAPTER XIV

CIVILIZATION AND ITS BENEFITS

To “wonder furiously”--Better Government, or Worse?--Comparison of

Standards--A Conversation with Aborigine Friends--The Question of

Money--Tabus.

Looking back over what I learned, during the two years that I was in

Formosa, of the manners and customs--collectively speaking--of the

aboriginal tribes, and of the outlook on life of these _Naturvölker_, I

am given to “think furiously” along lines other than anthropological;

that is, along those that are sociological as well. Rather, perhaps, to

“wonder furiously.”

If it be true, as Dr. Tylor--in _Primitive Culture_--points out, that

“no human thought is so primitive as to have lost bearing on our own

thought, or so ancient as to have broken connection with our own life,”

it opens up an interesting field for speculation. For one thing, as

to what would have been the line of social evolution of the so-called

superior races had they, like the _seban_, continued to regard the

cutting off of an enemy head as meritorious rather than otherwise. (Yet

what is war between “civilized” races, except head-hunting on a grand

scale; only with accompanying mangling and gassing and other horrors

of which the island _seban_[102] knows nothing?) And if, also like

the _seban_, prostitution had remained unknown, and the breaking of a

promise been regarded as so heinous a crime that only the death of the

one guilty of so foul a thing could save his family and relatives and

all who came into contact with him from being contaminated by his own

uncleanness.

What then? One wonders. What sort of civilization would have been

evolved, had culture progressed--as in Europe, for example, in the

matter of learning, of arts, and of sciences--yet had the standards of

right and wrong remained as they are with the primitive folk among whom

I spent two years, and if the fundamental conception of government had

remained the same--that of a matriarchal theocracy, which is yet, in a

sense, communistic.

Were they, too, matriarchal--the “tattooed and woaded, winter-clad

in skins” European forefathers of ours? It is a dangerous thing to

assume a unilineal line of evolution. Because there are evidences of

mother-right[103] having been dominant in certain parts of the world,

or with certain peoples--and of this mother-right still existing in

a few isolated instances--it would be rashly unwise to assume, as a

few writers and speakers have done, that the female of the species

was once the dominant half of the _genus homo_. However, assuming for

the sake of argument--or of phantasy--that matriarchal government was

once universal, until the male learned that in the matter of governing

the power of brute force equalled, in efficacious results, that of

summoning spirits from the vasty deep on the part of priestess and

sibyl, or of ruling the tribe through aruspicy and the cries of birds;

or until he learned, perhaps, that brute force could even make his own

those priestly offices which had been the prerogative of that sex once

solely associated with the Mystic Force (by virtue of that medium still

regarded by primitive folk as sacred and mysterious).[104]

Suppose, I say--and I underscore _suppose_--we assume this

mother-right--matri-potestal as well as matrilineal and

matri-local--once to have existed in Europe in as full force as it

still does in a few islands of the South Pacific; and, again, suppose

the male had never learned, or never chosen to apply, the force of

muscular suasion, what sort of Midsummer’s Night Dream of a world

should we have had? Would it have been an Eden--with Adam kept very

much in his place--a sort of Golden Age, such as many equal-suffrage

advocates assert would be the outcome of matriarchal rule; or would it

have resulted in “confusion worse confounded” (in this year of grace,

1922, is such a state possible to conceive?), such as Weininger[105]

and his school would assert could be the only result of woman-rule?

Or would this school concede that there could be such a thing as a

woman-ruled State? Would it not hold, rather, that such an attempt

could end only in anarchy?

Yet the realm which the women-chiefs and priestesses of Formosa

govern is the reverse of anarchic. Laws there are as the laws of the

Medes and Persians; or as those are supposed to have been. Every

act of daily life, personal as well as communal, is regulated by

law, and any infringement of this law is met with dire penalty.

This--incidentally--holds true with all primitive peoples,

patriarchal as well as matriarchal. Those who fancy that a “return

to nature”--meaning to primitive conditions--would give licence

either for lawlessness or for the indulgence without restraint in

individual preference, social or political, reckon without knowledge

of conditions actually existing in primitive society. One shudders to

think what would have been Rousseau’s fate had he really “returned

to nature”--i.e. lived among the _Naturvölker_--and broken tabu of

marriage or parenthood. For those who hold in contempt established

convention, or life regulated by law, primitive society is not the

place.

But to return to the question of gynarchic rule: All the women of

this particular island--or of that particular part of it still

under aboriginal control and hence matriarchal--are not Sapphos or

Katherines--are not even the primitive prototypes of these illustrious

ladies--any more than they are simpering _Doras_,[106] neurotics, or

nymphomaniacs. As George Eliot made one of her characters, in speaking

of her own sex, remark, “The Lord made ‘em fools to match the men,” so

one is inclined to ask, after having seen the practical working of a

gynocracy, if women were made also good and bad--in the comprehensive

inclusiveness of those words--wise and foolish, to match the so-called

sterner sex; the sex which seems, however, in reality neither sterner

nor more bloodthirsty than the so-called gentler one; any more than

it seems a greater lover of abstract justice, which, according to one

English writer, “no woman understands.”[107]

Which train of wondering brings us back to the original wonder with

which this chapter started: If our European forefathers had ever, in

the dim “once-upon-a-time” of long ago, the same standards of right and

wrong as the present-day _seban_ of Formosa; if they, too, were once

matri-potestal--what would have been the line of evolution that Europe

would have followed had this state of affairs continued, only gradually

evolving, through letters and arts, from savagery to so-called

civilization? Should we have been better governed or worse?

Or--another wonder intervenes. Would letters and arts have ever

developed under a matriarchy? Probably yes. Perhaps even to a greater

extent than has been the case during the long centuries of patriarchal

rule that have followed the possible once-upon-a-time primitive

matriarchates of antiquity. For even recognizing that the creative

faculty--artistic and inventive--is the heritage of man rather than

of woman, has it not, within historic times, in civilized countries,

been ever under queen rulership that letters and art have flourished?

Perhaps an unrecognized, sublimated form of sex-instinct--or so a

certain school of psycho-analysts would argue--that has spurred

masculine creative genius to its highest point; as it spurred,

apparently, the venturous spirit of the great explorers, certainly of

the Elizabethan age; and as, in a later age in England, it spurred

those who dreamed of world conquest in the name of the “Great Good

Queen.” Has personal idolatry rendered to a king ever equalled

that rendered to a queen, whether by soldier or poet, artist or

farm-labourer? The sex instinct here, as in other fields, has played

its part, and in this particular field usually for good rather than

for evil. Perhaps no more Sapphos would have arisen under the rule

of women than of men; but it seems not improbable that more men poets

might have arisen, worthily and lustily to sing the praises of queens.

And the governing--worse governed or better under theocratic queens

than under kings or under mobs? Not worse, I think. Executive ability

seems woman’s in surprising degree where she has had the opportunity

to exercise it; often where the exercise of it has been unrecognized,

because attributed to the male--her man--who stood before the world, or

who sat upon the throne.

As executive and ruler in miniature--executive in the household and

ruler over the children, since house, in any form, has existed or

maternal responsibility, however elementary, been recognized--executive

ability seems to have been developed in women; just as through

child-bearing and rearing--or psycho-physical potentiality for

this--intellectual creative faculty has, with the normal woman,

remained dormant.

So much for wondering over possible might-have-beens in connection with

matriarchal government, if this system in some supposititious long-ago

ever existed in Europe.

As for the general standards of right and wrong--standards as they

exist among the aborigines of Formosa, compared with standards which

exist to-day in Europe: Would it be more agreeable to be in danger

of losing one’s head, if one went for a sunset stroll and ventured

too near enemy territory--provided oneself were not the first to

secure the enemy head--yet to know that a word once given, by friend

or enemy, would never be broken; that no lock would be needed to

guard one’s possessions; that life-insurance had not to be taken into

consideration, because, in case of one’s untimely demise, one’s wife

and children would, as a matter of course, be given equal provender

with the other members of the community; that not only was no special

plea for mercy needed for “fatherless children and widows,” but

that, as a matter of fact, these usually fared somewhat better than

other members of the community, because the widow generally became

a priestess, and as such wielded greater power and influence in the

community than a mere wife could do?

Also to know that fire-insurance might equally be left out of the

reckoning, as in case one’s house were destroyed by fire, all one’s

neighbours could be relied upon to build one a new house.

Would it be more agreeable to know that battle, murder, and sudden

death were ever-present possibilities, if one happened to be a man and

a warrior (and to be one meant being the other), yet to know that while

life lasted it would ever be a merry one; that if by chance old age

or illness overtook one, one would be cared for, not as a matter of

charity, but again--as in the case of widows and orphans--as a matter

of course; or to cower before what old age and illness and out-of-work

days mean for the poverty-stricken in present-day civilization?

To live knowing that death sudden, yet swift and comparatively

painless, might one day be one’s portion--or the portion of one’s

husband--yet ever to be certain, while one lived, of a home as good as

that of any member of the people to whom one belonged; of clothing and

fuel and food in abundance; or to live as the poor in the great cities

of Christian civilization live, and to die as they die; to cry not only

for bread where there is no bread, but for work where there is no work;

in decrepit old age and illness to be cared for by the community, if at

all, as a matter of contemptuous pity,--which were preferable?

I tried once to explain something of economic conditions in the white

man’s world, and in that of modern Japan, to one of my Formosan

aborigine friends. The idea that one should receive more than another,

unless that other had by misconduct forfeited his share, was as

difficult for my friend to understand as it was that a man could not

work who wanted to work, or that there should not be food enough for

all. That it was held to be a matter of shame to be helped by the

community when one was too old or too ill to work was incomprehensible;

as incomprehensible as was the question of prostitution. “But women who

live so, how can they have strong sons and daughters?” he asked. “And

how can they make good priestesses to the people?” an old priestess

who was standing by asked. “Such women destroy faith,” she added, “not

build it up for the guidance of men.”

I thought of the Inari temples--those devoted to the worship of the

Fox-god--and of the votaries of these temples, in Japan. I thought of

the stories of the temples of Babylon, of Egypt, of certain of those

in ancient Greece--all these had represented mighty civilizations; the

votaries of the Fox-god temples belong to a nation that is to-day one

of the great world-powers; while the old Formosan woman was only a

savage. How could she know anything of the refinements of civilization,

or of what civilization demands?

But those ancient civilizations, I reflected--they were “heathen”; even

present-day Japan is “heathen.” As a member of a race that is supposed

to uphold Christian civilization and to convert heathen peoples to its

tenets, there was momentary unction in this thought. Then, as the old

man and old woman stood looking up at me, with inquiring, wrinkled

faces, awaiting an answer to questions that would solve the problem

that was puzzling them, there flashed across my mind the memory of

a Christian temple, in a great Christian capital, which it was the

fashion of the more fashionable stratum of the painted ladies of the

city to attend, and where----

But no, they were not priestesses; only devotees who exchanged glances

with the male devotees, and who after the services spoke with the

latter, doubtless for the “upbuilding of their faith.”

And as for the question of the old man; how could women who lived so

have strong sons and daughters? I thought of all the painted women of

all the great cities of the world--those flaunting their silks and

furs and jewels under the electric glare of the great thoroughfares,

inviting with smiles and glances; and those others, shivering,

wrapping their rags about them in dark corners, croaking, cackling,

and clutching desperately, hoping to earn, in an ancient profession of

civilization, enough to buy food and drink sufficient to keep life a

little longer in unclean, diseased bodies. These women had no children;

but I thought of their male companions; some their victims; some who

had victimized and had started certain of the painted ones in their

profession; some merely the boon companions of an hour. And I thought

of hospitals I had visited; of operations that I had witnessed on

the wives of the men who had “settled down after sowing a few wild

oats”--years of agony in one life as a vicarious atonement for perhaps

one night of wine and laughter and song in the life of another. And I

thought of children I had seen, and of grandchildren.... It made it a

little difficult to explain clearly, to the old man and the old woman,

the benefits of a system inextricably interwoven with civilization,

ancient and modern; and the reason why this system lent a delicate

zest to the art of civilized living. And part of my wonder to-day is:

Supposing, _supposing_, this art--this profession--had never been

introduced into society----?

Almost as difficult to answer as was the question of the reason why of

money-taking in exchange for love were other questions put to me by

aboriginal friends in connection with money. Why money at all? What

were the benefits of this “recognized medium of exchange,” and of the

great banking systems, which are part of the economic fabric of every

civilization of the world. I gave a few coins to some men and women of

the Yami tribe; they began to beat them out into thin plates to add to

their helmets. I gave some to the Ami people; they drilled holes in

them and fastened them, as ornamental buttons, to their blankets. Those

that I gave to the Paiwan they inserted in holes in their ears--all

except one young warrior who set his _ni-ju-sen_[108] piece among the

boars’ tusks that ornamented his cap. The Taiyal priestess to whom I

gave a _go-ju-sen_[109] piece regarded it with reverence, and carefully

wrapped it in a banana-leaf. A short time afterwards I saw her,

sitting by the bedside of a patient, balancing the _go-ju-sen_ on a

bamboo-rod, gripped between her knees; the small stone generally used

on such occasions--mentioned in the chapter ILLNESS AND DEATH--having

been replaced by the shining silver coin.

The Taiyal seemed to think that some particularly powerful _Ottofu_

was connected with silver coins. Perhaps the “White Fathers,” and

also the Chinese and Japanese, used these shining pieces to draw

down the _Ottofu_ of long-departed ancestors; hence had they waxed

mighty. That such _Ottofu_ pieces might be used as media of exchange

between different tribes, when these were not actively at war with

each other--this was comprehensible; but that such should be needed,

or conceivably ever used, between members of the same tribe or

nation--this was not comprehensible. “Surely man does not kill meat for

himself alone, when his brothers, too, are hungry; nor does a woman

grow millet for her own children alone, when the children of other

women are crying for food.”

Nor could I ever quite make my savage friends realize the blessings

of civilization in the matters of the economic system, any more than

of the social. They could only comprehend that among the enlightened

ones of the world it was somehow tabu for one man to have as many

shining pieces as another, or as much meat and drink, as good a house

to shelter him from the wind, or as much fuel to make fire in the rainy

season, as another, that somehow the shining _Ottofu_ pieces brought

these blessings. But just why was it tabu for one man to have more than

another? They were much puzzled, until at last one Taiyal man suggested

that no doubt the White God-descended Ones knew, in their wisdom, which

of their brothers were most worthy, most noble and holy; and to the

most holy was awarded the largest share of the _Ottofu_ pieces.

And still I am wondering what if the speculations of my savage friends

had been correct--what sort of a Europe should I be living in to-day?

How would it contrast with the Europe that is?

When my friends learned of the tabu connected with the shining pieces,

they wished to hear more of the tabus of the Great Ones. Were these the

same as their own: tabus that surrounded young men and maidens, which

prevented the latter from hearing an indelicate word or seeing a coarse

gesture, that prevented the marriage of too near relations, that----

“Yes, yes,” I hurried to assent, “among the better classes all these

tabus are observed.”

“But,” my interlocutors interrupted, “what is meant by classes, and,

if there is more than one class among the same people, why should the

young girls of one class be protected more than those of another?”

Again their intelligence failed to grasp my attempts at a logical

explanation. But a priestess pressed for further knowledge on the

subject of the white man’s--and especially the white woman’s--tabus.

Was it tabu for a husband to be either brutal to his wife---- “Yes,

among the better----” I began. But the priestess hurried on: “or

indelicate in his attentions to her; was she, his wife--as regards

marital relations--to be tabu to him altogether before the birth of her

children, and for some time afterwards? Was a disloyal husband himself

so tabu that, even in the tribes where he was not beheaded or stoned

to death, no self-respecting member of the community--either man or

woman--would speak to him or supply him with food; so that he had to

flee to the woods and live as an outcast?”

I tried to explain that it was difficult to know; one could not be

sure, for there were some points on which neither men nor women always

told the exact truth.

“But not to tell the truth!” my friends cried in chorus. “Surely the

curses of their ancestors are on those who do not speak the truth!”

And I thought, or tried to think, of a civilization--white or

yellow--in which men and women spoke always the truth, with nothing

added, nothing suppressed; where “yea” meant always _yea_, and “nay,”

_nay_; where the realization that anything more “cometh of evil” was

put into practice; consequently the anything more left unsaid. And

still I am trying to think what civilization under these conditions

would mean. Civilization--I am wondering.

Since my sojourn among the men and women who live in the mountains of

Formosa that word--civilization--has had a new meaning; been a new

source of wonder to me.

FOOTNOTES:

[102] In this connection I speak of the aborigines of this particular

island--Formosa. Among many of the Melanesian aborigines of other

islands of the South Pacific--as among many tribes of equatorial

Africa, and certain tribes of American Indians--every form of torture

is applied to the vanquished enemy before death releases him from

suffering.

[103] See _Das Mutterrecht_, by J. J. Bachofen.

[104] On this subject see _Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie

Religieuse_, by E. Durkheim.

[105] See _Sex and Character_, by Otto Weininger.

[106] The _Dora_ of Dickens’s _David Copperfield_.

[107] See _The Female of the Species_, by Kipling.

[108] A Japanese silver coin, equivalent to about a sixpence in value.

[109] A Japanese coin, equivalent to about a shilling in value.

INDEX

Aborigines:

characteristics, 95 et seq., 105

future of, 198 et seq.

population, 87, 88

social organisation of, 109 et seq., 125-126

Aetas, 64, 106

Agricultural implements, 183, 184

Ainu of Hokkaido, 177

Saghalien, 177

_Aiyu-sen_, 100

American Indians, 103

Ami tribe, the, 75, 87, 99, 101, 103, 104

arts and crafts of, 174, 181, 182

characteristics of, 76, 211

customs of, 74, 114, 117, 122, 124, 128, 169, 187

marriage of, 154-156, 160-162

religion, 131-133, 151

traditions of, 96

transport, 193-195

Amoy dialect, 87, 103

Andaman islanders, 107, 126

Anping, 43, 49, 51

Arapani, 134

Archery, 120

Arizona, 28

Arts and crafts, 173 et seq.

Ashikaga dynasty, 44

“Bachelor-house” system, 122, 123

Bartsing, 131

Basketry, 181

Berri berri, 89

Botel Tobago, 97, 104, 114, 148, 149, 150, 176, 182

“Bradyaga,” 55

British trade, 51

Bunun tribe, the, 70

arts and crafts of, 99, 174, 177

characteristics of, 102, 103

customs of, 111, 169, 170 et seq.

marriage, 159

Bunun religion, 137, 139, 140

Bureau of Aboriginal Affairs, 101

Camphor, 31, 70

factories, 70, 90

wood, 69

Candidius, Father, 52, 91, 150, 196

Caps, 181

Chastity, 109

Children, 121, 122

China, 31, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 46, 49, 89

China grass, 120, 187

_China Review_, the, 103, 104

China Sea, 29

Chinese:

classification of tribes, 104

coolies, 79

customs, 169

dominance of Formosan, 49, 54 et seq.

expedition to Formosa, 42

influence in Formosa, 174

pirates, 45

population, 86, 87

records of Formosa, 37 et seq.

treatment of Aborigines, 88

under Japanese rule, 54

Chinese-Formosans, 37, 38, 51, 52, 58 et seq., 69, 88, 101

dialect, 78

villages, 74

_Chin-Huan_, 103, 104, 111, 127, 128, 154

Circumcision, 192

Clothing, 113

Cogett, Governor, 54

Communal system, 109

Confucian ethics, 81

Confucius, sayings of, 58

Dancing, 113

“Dead houses,” 168

Death, 163 et seq.

Deniker’s _The Races of Man_, 110

de Valdez, Don Antonio de Careño, 50

Dgagha, 131

Divorce, 107

Dominican Friars, 51

Dutch, the:

dominance of, 47 et seq., 90

education, 91

exit from Formosa, 54

first landing of, 47

influences of, 52, 53, 104, 194, 199

missionaries, 52, 53, 166

records, 166

Dutch East Indies, 54

Dwelling-houses, 173

Dyaks of Borneo, 110, 111

Dyes, 179

Ear-rings, 178, 186, 187

Evil omens, 113

Exogamy, 141, 161

Filipinos, 95

Fokien Province, 41, 42, 87

Foochow, 38

dialect, 87

Fort Zelandia, 49, 50

Game hunting, 119

Gan Shi-sai, 45

Garanbi, Cape, 38, 116

_Geisha_ system, 129

Giran, 71

_Go-ju-sen_, 211

Granaries, 124

Gravius (Dutch Minister), 52

Great Daimyos, 44

Guam, 126

Gynarchic rule, 204

_Hachiman_, 44

Hakkas, 46, 59, 86

Hamay, 95

Hawaii, 28

Head-hunting, 109 et seq.

“Hoe-culture,” 125

Holland, 49

Hong-Kong, 37

Houi, Mr., 70

Igorotes, 95, 96

Illness, customs in, 163 et seq.

Implements, 183, 184

Inari temples, 209

Indonesian origins, 97

Indoneso-Malay stock, 95

Iron, 41, 42

Ishii, Mr., 100, 101, 105

_Japanese Chronicle_, the, 32

Japanese classification of tribes, 102 et seq.

domination of Taruko, 106

education, 35, 89

first associations with Formosa, 44, 47

laws, 118

officialdom, 36, 58, 62 et seq.

pirates, 44, 45

population in Formosa, 87

tradition, 134

treatment of Chinese, 89

treatment of foreigners, 33

treatment of Formosans, 31, 32, 58, 89, 100, 198

_Jitsugetsutan_, 196

Kagoshima, 35, 36

Kakring, 130 et seq.

Kalapiat, 130 et seq.

Karenko, 71, 72

Keelung, 35, 44, 45, 50, 51, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72

Kipling, 56

Kobe, 32

Koksinga, 45, 54, 88

Korea, 33, 199

Kwantung, Province of, 86

Kyoto, 34

Ladrone Islands, 126

Linguistic affinity of tribes, 98

Linschotten, 46

Little Lu-chu, 43

Looms, 179

Lowie, 125

Lu-chu Islands, 39, 42, 43, 176, 192

Luzon (Philippines), 95, 96

Macao, 49

Mahayana Buddhism, 34

Malay language, 99

Malay origins, 40

Manila, 29

Maori skulls, 96

Marianne Islands, 126

Marin, Mr., 70

Marital fidelity, 128

Marriage, 110, 128, 152 et seq., 190, 191

Masculine vanity, 186

Matriarchate, 27, 28

government by, 201 et seq.

Matrilineal tribes, 27, 28

Matrilocal tribes, 27, 28

Ma Tuan-hui, 40

_Mavayaiya_, 118, 136

Melanesia, 176

Millet, 183

granaries, 176

hoe, 179

wine, 118

Mindanao, 50

Ming dynasty, 43, 44

Missionaries, 31, 36, 65, 73

Monkeys, 118

Monogamy, 109, 128

Moors, the, 50

Mother-of-pearl, 178

Mother-right, 109

Mt. Morrison, 38

Mt. Sylvia, 38

Musical instruments, 184

Mutilation, 86 et seq.

Nagasaki, 29

Nevada, 28

New Mexico, 28

_Ni-ju-sen_, 211

Ornaments, 185

_Ottofu_, 163-165, 168, 183, 212

Ox-hide, 47, 48

Paiwan tribe, the, 87, 99, 100, 101

arts and crafts, 174, 175, 177, 196

characteristics of, 103, 211

chieftainship of, 121

contact with the Chinese, 104

head-hunting, 102, 111, 119

marriage, 154, 159

religion, 134-136, 151

trading, 128

traditions, 116

Papuans, 195

Patrilocal tribes, 27

_Pepo-huan_, 103, 104

Pescadores, 39, 44, 47, 49

Philippine Islands, 28, 50, 64, 95, 106

Pigmy people, 106

women, 107, 108

Pinan, 71, 73, 74, 133

_Pithecanthropus_, 28

Piyuma tribe, the, 99, 100

arts and crafts, 196

chieftainship, 121

customs, 117, 118, 122, 188

marriage, 154, 160, 161

religion, 134

Polynesian skulls, 96

Portuguese, the, 46, 94

Pottery, 181 et seq.

Religion, 130 et seq.

Reyersz, Admiral Cornelius, 49

Rice-paddies, 30, 52, 60, 61

Russell, Bertrand, 199

Saisett tribe, the, 70, 99, 100, 102

marriage, 162

religion, 148

tattooing, 188

Sakurajuma, 35

Salt, 128

_Samurai_, 63

San Domingo, 50

Schetelig, Arnold, 96

_Seban_, 80, 81, 82, 200, 201

_Sek-huan_, 74, 103, 104

Sex, 153 et seq.

Shimonoseki, treaty of, 87

_Shin-shu_, 34

Siam, 43

Sino-Japanese War, 54, 88

Smoking, 113

Solomon Islands, 195

South China Sea, 29

Spain, 50, 51

Sugar, 31

Sui dynasty, 39, 98

Sun and Moon Lake, 196

Suspension-bridges, 177

Tabu, 161, 183

Tagalog tribe, 96, 134

Taihoku, 34, 35, 58, 59, 61, 64, 70

Tainan, 43, 45, 47, 49

Taiwan, 29, 43

Taiyal tribe, the:

arts and crafts, 173, 184

characteristics of, 96, 103, 105, 106, 127, 211

customs, 114, 125, 165, 168, 169, 187

head-hunting, 111, 112, 115

marriage, 152, 157, 159, 160

religion, 139 et seq., 181, 212

social organization, 120, 124

tattooing, 160, 161, 188, 191

transport, 196

Takao, 51, 71, 72, 74, 104

Takasago, 45

Taketon-Monogabari, 134

Tamsui, 50, 51

Taruko group, 105

Tattooing, 111, 112, 188 et seq.

Taylor, George, 116

Tea, 31

Teeth, 187

Terrace beach, 29, 30

Theriolatry, 135

Tobacco, 114

Totems, 135, 141, 146

Transport, 193 et seq.

Tribes, classification of, 103-104

Tropic of Cancer, 30

Tsarisen tribe, the, 99, 100

marriage, 161

religion, 136, 137

Tsuou tribe, the, 99

arts and crafts, 184

customs, 122, 188

marriage, 156

religion, 137-138

transport, 196

Tuber-juice, 179

Tung-Hai, 36

“Two-Button” officials, 34

Tyler, Dr., 200

Van Marwijk, Admiral, 47

Wallace’s _Malay Archipelago_, 99

Wan San-ho, 43, 44

Weapons, 120, 177, 178

Weaving, 179, 180

Weininger, Otto, 203

Wire, 178

Yami tribe, the, 99

arts and crafts, 176, 182, 185, 195

characteristics, 103, 211

customs, 97, 172, 114

religion, 148-150

Yangtsein, Admiral, 42

_Yoshiwara_, 129

Yuan dynasty, 42

_Zen-shu_, 34

_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and

Aylesbury._

UNWIN’S “CHATS” SERIES

PRACTICAL HANDBOOKS FOR COLLECTORS

Most people nowadays are collectors in a small way of Autographs,

China, Furniture, Prints, Miniatures, or Silver, and would take up

these fascinating hobbies more extensively, and collect with profit, if

they had a knowledge of the subject.

It is to the beginner and would-be collector that Unwin’s “Chats”

Series of practical handbooks especially appeal. They are the

recognized standard guides to collecting, each volume being the work of

an expert on the subject dealt with.

Each volume is profusely illustrated with carefully-chosen specimens of

the various styles and periods.

Full Indices, Bibliographies, and Lists of Sale Prices at Public

Auctions are included in the volumes.

“As this is the age of collectors, so it is the age of books for their

guidance. Mr. Unwin’s series of books for collectors now includes

twenty-one volumes, and if bargains are missed it is certainly not the

fault of the various writers.”

_The Nation._

HOW TO COLLECT WITH PROFIT

is the keynote of the series. The phenomenal prices realized at auction

sales are obtained by those who have collected wisely. Prices are

still rising, and those who have the knowledge are buying for future

rises. Ask always for and see that you get UNWIN’S “Chats” Series--the

standard popular handbooks on collecting.

THE “CHATS” SERIES IS ON SALE AT ALL BOOKSELLERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

AND IS PUBLISHED BY T. FISHER UNWIN LTD., 1 ADELPHI TERRACE. LONDON,

W.C. 2

LIST OF VOLUMES

=Chats on English China.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. Illustrated with

reproductions of 156 marks and 89 specimens of china.

Cloth, 15s. net. Fourth Edition.

This is the standard work on the subject. The volume will enable the

possessors of old china to determine the factories at which their ware

was produced.

“It gives in a few chapters just what the beginner wants to know about

the principal varieties of English ware. We can warmly commend the

book to the china collector.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

“So simply yet so thoroughly written, that it is a sage guide to the

veriest tyro in china collecting.”

_Bookman._

=Chats on Old Furniture.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a coloured

frontispiece and 104 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 12s. 6d. net. Fourth Edition. Eleventh Impression.

“The hints to collectors are the best and clearest we have seen; so

that altogether this is a model book of its kind.”

_Athenæum._

“A fully illustrated practical guide for collectors.”

_The Times._

“Mr. Hayden has worked at his subject on systematic lines, and has

made his book what it purports to be--a practical guide for the

collector.”

_The Saturday Review._

=Chats on Old Prints.= How to Collect and Identify. By ARTHUR HAYDEN.

With a coloured frontispiece and 72 full-page plates.

Cloth, 15s. net. Sixth Impression.

Every branch of the subject is carefully and explicitly handled in

this book, and valuable information as to technical processes and

identification of prints is given.

“If there is a better book of its kind on print collecting we have not

yet come across it.”

_Daily Graphic._

“A very useful handbook for beginners, intended to help any reader of

artistic tastes, but very moderate means, to collect to good purpose.”

_The Times._

=Chats on Costume.= By G. WOOLLISCROFT RHEAD, R.E. With a coloured

frontispiece and 117 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

A practical guide to historic dress. “Clothes” is a subject that has

been neglected by collectors, and this book will be a useful guide to

those who desire to repair that neglect by forming a collection.

“A book that is at once the work of an authority on the subject of

costumes, and one that helps to enlarge our range of selection.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

=Chats on Old Miniatures.= By J. J. FOSTER, F.S.A. With a coloured

frontispiece and 116 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

This book presents in a concise and popular form a variety of valuable

information on the collection and preservation of miniatures, on the

leading English and French artists, and on the specimens exhibited in

public galleries.

“Mr. Foster is truly a guide, philosopher and friend. He tells us

not only how to judge and how to buy miniatures, but how to take

proper care of them.... The splendid photographs by which the book is

enriched adds in a great measure to its attractiveness and utility.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

=Chats on Old Lace and Needlework.= By MRS. LOWES. With a frontispiece

and 74 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

Written by an expert and enthusiast in these most interesting branches

of art. The low price at which the work is issued is exceptional in

dealing with these subjects, and it is remarkable in view of the

technical knowledge displayed and the many photographic illustrations

which practically interleave the book.

“In commendable, clear and concise style Mrs. Lowes explains the

technical features distinguishing each example, making the book the

utmost value in identifying samples of old lace.”

_Weldon’s Ladies’ Jour._

=Chats on Oriental China.= By J. F. BLACKER. With a coloured

frontispiece and 70 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Fourth Impression.

Will be of the utmost service to collectors and to all who may have

old Chinese and Japanese porcelain in their possession. It deals with

oriental china from the various standpoints of history, technique,

age, marks and values, and is richly illustrated with admirable

reproductions.

“A treatise that is so informing and comprehensive that it commands

the prompt recognisation of all who value the choice productions of

the oriental artists.... The illustrations are numerous and invaluable

to the attainment of expert knowledge, and the result is a handbook

that is as indispensable as it is unique.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

=Chats on English Earthenware.= A companion volume to “Chats on

English China.” By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a coloured frontispiece, 150

Illustrations and tables of over 200 illustrated marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

“To the ever-increasing number of collectors who are taking an

interest in old English pottery ... will be found one of the most

delightful, as it is a practical work on a fascinating subject.”

_Hearth and Home._

“Here we have a handbook, written by a well-known authority, which

gives in the concisest possible form all the information that the

beginner in earthenware collecting is likely to need. Moreover,

it contains one or two features that are not usually found in the

multifarious ‘guides’ that are produced to-day.”

_Nation._

=Chats on Autographs.= By A. M. BROADLEY. With 130 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Being an expert collector, Mr. Broadley not only discourses on the

kinds of autograph he owns, but gives some excellent cautionary advice

and a valuable ‘caveat emptor’ chapter for the benefit of other

collectors.”

_Westminster Gazette._

“It is assuredly the best work of the kind yet given to the public;

and supplies the intending collector with the various sources of

information necessary to his equipment.”

_Manchester Guardian._

=Chats on Old Pewter.= By H. J. L. J. MASSÉ, M.A. With 52 half-tone and

numerous other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“It is a remarkably thorough and well-arranged guide to the subject,

supplied with useful illustrations and with lists of pewterers and of

their marks so complete as to make it a very complete and satisfactory

book of reference.”

_Manchester Guardian._

“Before setting out to collect old pewter it would be as well to read

Mr. Massé’s book, which is exhaustive in its information and its lists

of pewterers, analytical index, and historical and technical chapters.”

_Spectator._

=Chats on Postage Stamps.= By FRED J. MELVILLE. With 57 half-tone and

17 line Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“The whole book, with its numerous illustrations of excellent quality,

is a _vade mecum_ for stamp collectors, even though their efforts

may be but modest; we congratulate Mr. Melville on a remarkably good

guide, which makes fascinating reading.”

_Academy._

“There is no doubt that Mr. Melville’s book fills a void. There is

nothing exactly like it. Agreeably written in a popular style and

adequately illustrated, it is certainly one of the best guides to

philatelic knowledge that have yet been published.”

_World._

=Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets.= By MACIVER PERCIVAL. With nearly

300 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“The book is very thorough, dealing as it does with classic, antique

and modern ornaments; with gold, silver, steel and pinchbeck; with the

precious stones, the commoner stones and imitation.”

_Outlook._

“‘Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets’ is a book which will enable

every woman to turn over her jewel-case with a fresh interest and

a new intelligence; a practical guide for the humble but anxious

collector.... A good glossary of technicalities and many excellent

illustrations complete a valuable contribution to collector’s lore.”

_Illustrated London News._

=Chats on Cottage and Farmhouse Furniture.= A companion volume

to “Chats on Old Furniture.” By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a coloured

frontispiece and 75 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 15s. net. Third Impression.

“One gets very much for one’s money in this book. Seventy-three

full-page illustrations in half-tone embellish a letterpress which is

replete with wise description and valuable hints.”

_Vanity Fair._

“Mr. Hayden’s book is a guide to all sorts of desirable and simple

furniture, from Stuart to Georgian, and it is a delight to read as

well as a sure help to selection.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

“Mr. Hayden writes lucidly and is careful and accurate in his

statements; while the advice he gives to collectors is both sound and

reasonable.”

_Westminster Gazette._

=Chats on Old Coins.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With a coloured frontispiece

and 258 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“A most useful and instructive book ... will prove a boon to the

intending collector of old coins and tokens, and full of interest to

every collector. As was to be expected of any volume of this series,

the illustrations are numerous and good, and greatly assist the reader

to grasp the essentials of the author’s descriptions.”

_Outlook._

“The author has not only produced ‘a practical guide for the

collector’ but a handy book of reference for all. The volume is

wonderfully cheap.”

_Notes and Queries._

=Chats on Old Copper and Brass.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With a coloured

frontispiece and 86 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. F. W. Burgess is an expert on old copper and bronze, and in

his book there is little information lacking which the most ardent

collector might want.”

_The Observer._

“Italian bronzes, African charms, Chinese and Japanese enamels, bells,

mortars, Indian idols, dials, candlesticks, and snuff boxes, all come

in for their share of attention, and the reader who has mastered Mr.

Burgess’s pages can face his rival in the auction-room or the dealer

in his shop with little fear of suffering by the transaction.”

_The Nation._

=Chats on Household Curios.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With 94 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. Burgess gives much information about such attractive antiques

as old glass and enamels, old leather work, old clocks and watches,

old pipes, old seals, musical instruments, and even old samplers and

children’s toys. The book is, in short, an excellent and comprehensive

guide for what one may call the general collector, that is, the

collector who does not confine himself to one class of antique, but

buys whatever he comes across in the curio line, provided that it is

interesting and at moderate price.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

=Chats on Japanese Prints.= By ARTHUR DAVISON FICKE. With a coloured

frontispiece and 56 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Ficke writes with the knowledge of the expert, and his history

of Japanese printing from very early times and his criticism of the

artists’ work are wonderfully interesting.”

_Tatler._

“This is one of the most delightful and notable members of an

attractive series.... A beginner who shall have mastered and made

thoroughly his own the beauty of line and the various subtlety and

boldness of linear composition displayed in these sixty and odd

photographs will have no mean foundation for further study.”

_Notes and Queries._

=Chats on Old Clocks.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a frontispiece and 80

Illustrations. 2nd Ed.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net.

“A practical handbook dealing with the examples of old clocks likely

to come under the observation of the collector. Charmingly written and

illustrated.”

_Outlook._

“One specially useful feature of the work is the prominence Mr. Hayden

has given to the makers of clocks, dealing not only with those of

London, but also those of the leading provincial towns. The lists

he gives of the latter are highly valuable, as they are not to be

found in any similar book. The volume is, as usual with this series,

profusely illustrated, and may be recommended as a highly interesting

and useful general guide to collectors of clocks.”

_The Connoisseur._

=Chats on Old Silver.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a frontispiece, 99

full-page Illustrations, and illustrated table of marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Hayden’s ‘Chats on Old Silver’ deals very thoroughly with

a popular branch of collecting. There are a hundred full-page

illustrations together with illustrated tables and charts, and the

student of this book can wander round the old curiosity shops of these

islands with a valuable equipment of knowledge.... Altogether we have

here a well-written summary of everything that one could wish to know

about this branch of collecting.”

_The Sphere._

“The information it gives will be of exceptional value at this time,

when so many families will be forced to part with their treasures--and

old silver is among the most precious possessions of the present day.”

_Morning Post._

=Chats on Military Curios.= By STANLEY C. JOHNSON, M.A., D.Sc. With a

coloured frontispiece and 79 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. Johnson in this book describes many of the articles a collector

should be on the look out for, giving short but informative notes on

medals, helmet and cap badges, tunic buttons, armour, weapons of all

kinds, medallions, autographs, original documents relating to Army

work, military pictures and prints, newspaper cuttings, obsolete

uniforms, crests, stamps, postmarks, memorial brasses, money and

curios made by prisoners of war, while there is also an excellent

biography on the subject. The author has, indeed, presented the reader

with a capital working handbook, which should prove a friendly and

reliable guide when he goes collecting.”

_Field._

=Chats on Royal Copenhagen Porcelain.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a

frontispiece, 56 full-page Illustrations and illustrated tables of

marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net.

“This very beautiful and very valuable book will be eagerly welcomed

by lovers of porcelain.... Mr. Hayden describes with great skill and

preciseness all the quality and beauty of technique in which this

porcelain excels; he loves it and understands it, and the examples

he has chosen as illustrations are a valuable supplement to his

descriptions.”

_Bookman._

=Chats on Old Sheffield Plate.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With frontispiece and

58 full-page Illustrations, together with makers’ marks.

Cloth, 21s. net.

Old plated ware has, by reason of its artistic excellence and its

technique, deservedly won favour with collectors. The art of making

plated ware, which originated at Sheffield (hence the name “Sheffield

plate”), was continued at Birmingham and London, where a considerable

amount of “old Sheffield plate” was made, in the manner of its first

inventors, by welding sheets of silver upon copper. The manufacture

lasted roughly a hundred years. Its best period was from 1776 (American

Declaration of Independence) to 1830 (Accession of William IV). The

author shows reasons why this old Sheffield plate should be collected,

and the volume is illustrated with many examples giving various

styles and the development of the art, together with makers’ marks.

Candlesticks and candelabra, tea-caddies, sugar-baskets, salt-cellars,

tea-pots, coffee-pots, salvers, spoons, and many other articles shown

and described in the volume indicate the exquisite craftsmanship of

the best period. The work stands as a companion volume to the author’s

“Chats on Old Silver,” the standard practical guide to old English

silver collecting.

=Bye Paths in Curio Collecting.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN, Author of “Chats on

Old Silver,” etc. With a frontispiece and 72 full-page Illustrations.

Cloth, 21s. net. Second Impression.

“Every collector knows the name of Mr. Arthur Hayden, and knows him

for a wise counsellor. Upon old furniture, old china, old pottery, and

old prints there is no more knowing judge in the country; and in his

latest volume he supplies a notable need, in the shape of a vade-mecum

exploring some of the nondescript and little traversed bye-paths of

the collector. There was never a time when the amateur of the antique

stood more in need of a competent guide.... The man who wishes to

avoid the pitfalls of the fraudulent will find much salutary advice in

Mr. Hayden’s gossipy pages. There are chests, for example, a fruitful

field for reproduction. Mr. Hayden gives photographs of many exquisite

examples. There is a marriage coffer of the sixteenth century,

decorated with carved figures of Cupid and Hymen, a fine Gothic chest

of the fifteenth century, with rich foliated decorations; and a superb

livery cupboard from Haddon Hall. From Flanders come steel coffers,

with a lock of four bolts, the heavy sides strongly braized together.

Then there are snuffers, with and without trays, tinder-boxes, snuff

graters, and metal tobacco stoppers. The most fascinating designs are

shown, with squirrels, dogs, and quaint human figures at the summit.

Fans and playing-cards provide another attractive section.

Chicken-skin, delicate, white,

Painted by Carlo van Loo.

The fan has always been an object of the collector’s passion, because

of the grace of the article and its beauty as a display. Mr. Hayden

shows a particularly beautiful one, with designs after Fragonard, the

sticks of ivory with jewelled studs. Then there are watch-stands, a

little baroque in design, and table-bells, some of them shaped as

female figures with spreading skirts, old toys and picture-books, and,

of course, cradles, of which every English farm-house once boasted its

local variety. Altogether the book abounds in inviting pictures and

curious information, and is certain of a large, appreciative public.”

_Daily Telegraph._

=The Fan Book:= Including Special Chapters on European Fans of the

Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. By MACIVER PERCIVAL, author of

“Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets.” Fully Illustrated.

Demy 8vo, cloth, 21s. net.

POETRY THAT THRILLS

A COLLECTION OF SONGS FROM OVERSEAS THAT THRILL WITH VIVID DESCRIPTIONS

OF THE ADVENTUROUS LIFE IN THE FROZEN NORTH, IN THE OUTPOSTS OF

CIVILIZATION AND OF THE HEROISM OF SOLDIERS IN BATTLE

SONGS OF A SOURDOUGH. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fortieth Impression.

Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 4/6 net.

“Of the Canadian disciples of Kipling, by far the best is R. W.

Service. His ‘Songs of a Sourdough’ have run through many editions.

Much of his verse has a touch of real originality, conveying as it

does a just impression of the something evil and askew in the strange,

uncouth wilderness of the High North.”

_The Times._

“Mr. Service has got nearer to the heart of the old-time place miner

than any other verse-maker in all the length and height of the

Dominion.... He certainly sees the Northern Wilderness through the

eyes of the man into whose soul it is entered.”

_Morning Post._

RHYMES OF A RED-CROSS MAN. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Sixth Impression.

Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 4/6 net.

“It is the great merit of Mr. Service’s verses that they are literally

alive with the stress and joy and agony and hardship that make up life

out in the battle zone. He has never written better than in this book,

and that is saying a great deal.”

_Bookman._

“Mr. Service has painted for us the unutterable tragedy of the war,

the horror, the waste, and the suffering, but side by side with that

he has set the heroism, the endurance, the unfailing cheerfulness and

the unquenchable laughter.”

_Scots Pictorial._

BALLADS OF A CHEECHAKO. By Robert W. Service.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fourteenth Impression.

Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, Cloth, 4/6 net.

“It is to men like Mr. Service that we must look for really original

verse nowadays; to the men on the frontiers of the world. ‘Ballads of

a Cheechako’ is magnificent.”

_Oxford Magazine._

“All are interesting, arresting, and worth reading in their own

setting for their own sakes. They are full of life and fire and

muscularity, like the strenuous and devil-may-care fight of a life

they describe.”

_Standard._

RHYMES OF A ROLLING STONE. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fifteenth Impression.

Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, Cloth, 4/6 net.

“There is real rollicking fun in some of the rhymed stories, and

some sound philosophy in the shorter serious poems which shows that

Mr. Service is as many steps above the ordinary lesser poets in his

thought as he is in his accomplishments.”

_Academy._

“Mr. Robert Service is, we suppose, one of the most popular

verse-writers in the world. His swinging measures, his robust ballads

of the outposts, his joy of living have fairly caught the ear of his

countrymen.”

_Spectator._

THE SPELL OF THE TROPICS. By RANDOLPH H. ATKIN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

The poems are striking pen-pictures of life as it is lived by those

men of the English-speaking races whose lot is cast in the sun-bathed

countries of Latin-America. Mr. Atkin’s verses will reach the hearts

of all who feel the call of the wanderlust, and, having shared their

pleasures and hardships, his poems will vividly recall to “old-timers”

bygone memories of days spent in the Land of the Coconut Tree.

THE SONG OF TIADATHA. By OWEN RUTTER.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Third Impression.

Composed on the familiar metre of “Hiawatha,” “The Song of Tiadatha”

(Tired Arthur), an extravaganza written in the highest spirits,

nevertheless is an epic of the war. It typifies what innumerable

soldiers have seen and done and the manner in which they took it.

“This song of Tiadatha is nothing less than a little English epic of

the war.”

_The Morning Post._

“Every Army officer and ex-officer will hail Tiadatha as a brother.

‘The Song of Tiadatha’ is one of the happiest skits born of the war.”

_Evening Standard._

SONGS OUT OF EXILE: Being Verses of African Sunshine and Shadow and

Black Man’s Twilight. By CULLEN GOULDSBURY.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Fourth Impression.

“The ‘Rhodesian Rhymes’ won for their author the journalistic title of

‘The Kipling of South Africa,’ and indeed his work is full of crisp

vigour, fire and colour. It is brutal in parts; but its brutality is

strong and realistic. Mr. Gouldsbury has spent many years in Rhodesia,

and its life, black and white, is thoroughly familiar to him.... Mr.

Gouldsbury is undoubtedly a writer to be reckoned with. His verse is

informed by knowledge of wild life in open places and a measure of

genuine feeling which make it real poetry.”--_Standard._

FROM THE OUTPOSTS. By CULLEN GOULDSBURY.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Cullen Gouldsbury’s collections of his verses are always welcome,

and the last, ‘From the Outposts’ is as good as its predecessor. No

one has quite Mr. Gouldsbury’s experience and gift.”

_Spectator._

“It has been well said that Mr. Gouldsbury has done for the white man

in Africa what Adam Lindsay Gordon in a measure accomplished for the

Commonwealth and Kipling triumphantly for the British race, and he

certainly is good to read.”

_Field._

THE HELL-GATE OF SOISSONS and other Poems. (“The Song of the Guns.”) By

HERBERT KAUFMAN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Fifth Impression.

“A singular gift for expressing in verse the facts, the heroism, even

the humours of war; and in some cases voices its ideals with real

eloquence.”

_The Times._

“Mr. Kaufman has undoubtedly given us a book worthy of the great hour

that has brought it forth. He is a poet with a martial spirit and a

deep, manly voice.”

_Daily Mail._

LYRA NIGERIA. By ADAMU. (E. C. ADAMS).

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

“Mr. E. C. Adams (Adamu) is a singer of Nigeria, and it can safely

be said he has few, if any, rivals. There is something in these

illustrations of Nigerian life akin to the style of Kipling and

Service. The heart of the wanderer and adventurer is revealed, and in

particular that spirit of longing which comes to all ... who have gone

out to the far-lands of the world.”

_Dundee Advertiser._

SUNNY SONGS. Poems. By EDGAR A. GUEST.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

In America Mr. Guest is an extraordinarily popular writer of verses,

though this is his first introduction in book form to the British

public. He brims over with sound sense and tonic cheeriness. He

is keenly sensible of the humour of domestic life, but is deeply

sympathetic with the associations which combine in the word “Home.”

Hence he is read by women with amusement and pleasure. During the war

his poem, “Said the Workman to the Soldier,” circulated by the hundred

thousand. Like Béranger and all successful poets, he is essentially

lyrical; that is to say, there is tune and swing in all his verses.

RICHARD MIDDLETON’S WORKS

POEMS AND SONGS (First Series). By RICHARD MIDDLETON.

Cloth, 5/- net.

“We have no hesitation in placing the name of Richard Middleton beside

the names of all that galaxy of poets that made the later Victorian

era the most brilliant in poetry that England had known since the

Elizabethan.”

_Westminster Review._

POEMS AND SONGS (Second Series). By RICHARD MIDDLETON.

Cloth, 5/- net.

“Their beauty is undeniable and often of extraordinary delicacy for

Middleton had a mastery of craftmanship such as is usually given to

men of a far wider imaginative experience.”

_Poetry Review._

“Among the ‘Poems and Songs’ of Richard Middleton are to be found some

of the finest of contemporary lyrics.”

_Country Life._

OTHER WORKS BY RICHARD MIDDLETON

THE GHOST SHIP AND OTHER STORIES.

MONOLOGUES.

THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY.

THE WAITING WOMAN and other Poems. By HERBERT KAUFMAN.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

“Mr. Kaufman’s work possesses in a high degree the qualities of

sincerity and truth, and it therefore never fails to move the

reader.... This volume, in short, is the work of a genuine poet and

artist.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

“A versifier of great virility and power.”

_Review of Reviews._

BY W.B. YEATS AND OTHERS

POEMS. By W. B. YEATS. Second edition. Large Crown 8vo, Cloth, 10/6 net.

Ninth Impression.

“Love songs, faery themes, moods of meditation, scenes of legendary

wonder ... is it possible that they should become so infinitely

thrilling, touching, haunting in their fresh treatment, as though they

had never been, or poets had never turned to them? In this poet’s

hands they do so become. Mr. Yeats has given us a new thrill of

delight, a new experience of beauty.”

_Daily Chronicle._

OTHER POEMS BY W. B. YEATS

COUNTESS CATHLEEN. A Dramatic Poem.

Paper cover, 2/- net.

THE LAND OF HEART’S DESIRE.

Paper cover, 1/6 net.

WHY DON’T THEY CHEER? By R. J. C. STEAD.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

“Before the war Mr. Stead was known to Canadians as ‘The Poet of the

Prairies.’ He must now be ranked as a ‘Poet of the Empire.’ ... There

is a strength, a beauty, a restrained passion in his war verses which

prove his ability to penetrate into the heart of things such as very

few of our war poets have exhibited.”--_Daily Express._

SWORDS AND FLUTES. By WILLIAM KEAN SEYMOUR.

Cloth, 4/- net.

“Among the younger poets Mr. Seymour is distinguished by his delicacy

of technique. ‘Swords and Flutes’ is a book of grave and tender beauty

expressed in lucent thought and jewelled words. ‘The Ambush’ is a

lyric of mastery and fascination, alike in conception and rhythm,

which should be included in any representative anthology of Georgian

poetry.”

_Daily Express._

THE MERMAID SERIES

THE BEST PLAYS OF THE OLD DRAMATISTS

Literal Reproductions of the Old Text. With Photogravure Frontispieces.

Thin Paper edition. School Edition, Boards, 3/-net; Cloth, 5/-net;

Leather, 7/6 net each volume.

Marlowe. THE BEST PLAYS OF CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. Edited, with Critical

Memoir and Notes, by Havelock Ellis; and containing a General

Introduction to the Series by John Addington Symonds.

Otway. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS OTWAY. Introduction and Notes by the

Hon. Roden Noel.

Ford. THE BEST PLAYS OF JOHN FORD. Edited by Havelock Ellis.

Massinger. THE BEST PLAYS OF PHILLIP MASSINGER. With Critical and

Biographical Essay and Notes by Arthur Symons.

Heywood (T.). THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS HEYWOOD. Edited by A. W.

Verity. With Introduction by J. A. Symonds.

Wycherley. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF WILLIAM WYCHERLEY. Edited, with

Introduction and Notes, by W. C. Ward.

NERO AND OTHER PLAYS. Edited by H. P. Horne, Arthur Symons, A. W.

Verity and H. Ellis.

Beaumont. THE BEST PLAYS OF BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. Introduction and

Notes by J. St. Loe Strachey. 2 vols.

Congreve. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF WILLIAM CONGREVE. Edited by Alex. C.

Ewald.

Symonds (J. A.). THE BEST PLAYS OF WEBSTER AND TOURNEUR. With an

Introduction and Notes by John Addington Symonds.

Middleton (T.). THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS MIDDLETON. With an

Introduction by Algernon Charles Swinburne. 2 vols.

Shirley. THE BEST PLAYS OF JAMES SHIRLEY. With Introduction by Edmund

Gosse.

Dekker. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS DEKKER. Notes by Ernest Rhys.

Steele (R.). THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF RICHARD STEELE. Edited, with

Introduction and Notes, by G. A. Aitken.

Jonson. THE BEST PLAYS OF BEN JONSON. Edited, with Introduction and

Notes, by Brinsley Nicholson and C. H. Herford. 2 vols.

Chapman. THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE CHAPMAN. Edited by William Lyon

Phelps.

Vanbrugh. THE SELECT PLAYS OF SIR JOHN VANBRUGH. Edited, with an

Introduction and Notes, by A. E. H. Swain.

Shadwell. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS SHADWELL. Edited by George

Saintsbury.

Dryden. THE BEST PLAYS OF JOHN DRYDEN. Edited by George Saintsbury. 2

vols.

Farquhar. THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE FARQUHAR. Edited, and with an

Introduction, by William Archer.

Greene. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF ROBERT GREENE. Edited, with Introduction

and Notes, by Thomas H. Dickinson.

THE ADVANCE OF SOUTH AMERICA

A FEW NOTES ON SOME INTERESTING BOOKS DEALING WITH THE PAST HISTORY,

PRESENT AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF THE GREAT CONTINENT

When in 1906 Mr. Fisher Unwin commissioned the late Major Martin

Hume to prepare a series of volumes by experts on the South American

Republics, but little interest had been taken in the country as a

possible field for commercial development. The chief reasons for this

were ignorance as to the trade conditions and the varied resources

of the country, and the general unrest and instability of most of

the governments. With the coming of the South American Series of

handbooks the financial world began to realize the importance of the

country, and, with more settled conditions, began in earnest to develop

the remarkable natural resources which awaited outside enterprise.

Undoubtedly the most informative books on the various Republics are

those included in THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES, each of which is the work

of a recognized authority on his subject.

“The output of books upon Latin America has in recent years been very

large, a proof doubtless of the increasing interest that is felt

in the subject. Of these the ‘South American Series’ is the most

noteworthy.”

_The Times._

“When the ‘South American Series’ is completed, those who take

interest in Latin-American affairs will have an invaluable

encyclopædia at their disposal.”

_Westminster Gazette._

“Mr. Unwin’s ‘South American Series’ of books are of special interest

and value to the capitalist and trader.”--_Chamber of Commerce

Journal._

Full particulars of the volumes in the “South American Series,” also of

other interesting books on South America, will be found in the pages

following.

THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES

1 =Chile.= By G. F. SCOTT ELLIOTT, M.A., F.R.G.S. With an Introduction

by MARTIN HUME, a Map and 39 Illustrations.

Cloth, 21/- net. Sixth Impression.

“An exhaustive, interesting account, not only of the turbulent history

of this country, but of the present conditions and seeming prospects.”

_Westminster Gazette._

2 =Peru.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by MARTIN

HUME, a Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 18/- net. Fifth Impression.

“An important work.... The writer possesses a quick eye and a keen

intelligence; is many-sided in his interests, and on certain subjects

speaks as an expert. The volume deals fully with the development of

the country.”

_The Times._

3 =Mexico.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by

MARTIN HUME, a Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fifth Impression.

“The book is most comprehensive; the history, politics, topography,

industries, resources and possibilities being most ably discussed.”

_The Financial News._

4 =Argentina.= By W. A. HIRST. With an Introduction by MARTIN HUME, a

Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Fifth Impression.

“The best and most comprehensive of recent works on the greatest and

most progressive of the Republics of South America.”

_Manchester Guardian._

5 =Brazil.= By PIERRE DENIS. Translated, and with an Historical Chapter

by BERNARD MIALL. With a Supplementary Chapter by DAWSON A. VINDIN, a

Map and 36 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fourth Impression.

“Altogether the book is full of information, which shows the author to

have made a most careful study of the country.”--_Westminster Gazette._

6 =Uruguay.= By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 55 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Koebel has given us an expert’s diagnosis of the present

condition of Uruguay. Glossing over nothing, exaggerating nothing, he

has prepared a document of the deepest interest.”

_Evening Standard._

7 =Guiana.= British, French and Dutch. By JAMES RODWAY. With a Map and

32 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Mr. Rodway’s work is a storehouse of information, historical,

economical and sociological.”

_The Times._

8 =Venezuela.= By LEONARD V. DALTON, F.G.S., F.R.G.S. With a Map and 45

Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Third Impression.

“An exhaustive and valuable survey of its geography, geology, history,

botany, zoology and anthropology, and of its commercial possibilities

in the near future.”

_Manchester Guardian._

9 =Latin America:= Its Rise and Progress. By F. GARCIA-CALDERON. With a

Preface by RAYMOND POINCARÉ, President of the French Republic. With a

Map and 34 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Sixth Impression.

President Poincaré, in a striking preface to this book, says: “Here is

a book that should be read and digested by every one interested in the

future of the Latin genius.”

10 =Colombia=. By PHANOR JAMES EDER, A.B., LL.B. With 2 Maps and 40

Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fifth Impression.

“Mr. Eder’s valuable work should do much to encourage investment,

travel and trade in one of the least-known and most promising of the

countries of the New World.”

_Manchester Guardian._

11 =Ecuador.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With 2 Maps and 37

Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Mr. Enock’s very thorough and exhaustive volume should help British

investors to take their part in promoting its development. He has

studied and described the country in all its aspects.”

_Manchester Guardian._

12 =Bolivia.= By PAUL WALLE. With 4 Maps and 59 Illustrations.

Cloth, 18/- net. Second Impression.

Bolivia is a veritable El Dorado, requiring only capital and enterprise

to become one of the wealthiest States of America. This volume is the

result of a careful investigation made on behalf of the French Ministry

of Commerce.

13 =Paraguay.= By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 32 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Gives a great deal of serious and useful information about the

possibilities of the country for the emigrant, the investor and

the tourist, concurrently with a vivid and literary account of its

history.”

_Economist._

14 =Central America=: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras,

Panama and Salvador. By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 25 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“We strongly recommend this volume, not only to merchants looking

ahead for new openings for trade, but also to all who wish for an

accurate and interesting account of an almost unknown world.”

_Saturday Review._

_OTHER BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA_

=Spanish America:= Its Romance, Reality and Future. By C. R. ENOCK,

Author of “The Andes and the Amazon,” “Peru,” “Mexico,” “Ecuador.”

Illustrated and with a Map. 2 vols.

Cloth, 30/- net the set.

Starting with the various States of Central America, Mr. Enock then

describes ancient and modern Mexico, then takes the reader successively

along the Pacific Coast, the Cordillera of the Andes, enters the land

of the Spanish Main, conducts the reader along the Amazon Valley, gives

a special chapter to Brazil and another to the River Plate and Pampas.

Thus all the States of Central and South America are covered. The work

is topographical, descriptive and historical; it describes the people

and the cities, the flora and fauna, the varied resources of South

America, its trade, railways, its characteristics generally.

=South America:= An Industrial and Commercial Field. By W. H. KOEBEL.

Illustrated.

Cloth, 18/- net. Second Impression.

“The book considers such questions as South American commerce,

British interests in the various Republics, international relations

and trade, communications, the tendency of enterprise, industries,

etc. Two chapters devoted to the needs of the continent will be of

especial interest to manufacturers and merchants, giving as they do

valuable hints as to the various goods required, while the chapter on

merchandise and commercial travellers affords some sound and practical

advice.”

_Chamber of Commerce Journal._

=Vagabonding down the Andes.= By HARRY A. FRANCK, author of “A Vagabond

Journey Round the World,” etc. With a Map and 176 Illustrations.

Cloth, 25/- net. Second Impression.

“The book is a brilliant record of adventurous travel among strange

scenes and with even more strange companions, and vividly illustrates,

by its graphic text and its admirable photographs, the real conditions

of life in the backwood regions of South America.”

_Manchester Guardian._

“Mr. Franck is to be congratulated on having produced a readable and

even fascinating book. His journey lay over countries in which an

increasing interest is being felt. Practically speaking, he may be

said to have started from Panama, wandered through Colombia, spending

some time at Bogota, and then going on to Ecuador, of which Quito is

the centre. Next he traversed the fascinating country of the Incas,

from the borders of which he entered Bolivia, going right across that

country till he approached Brazil. He passed through Paraguay, cut

through a corner of the Argentine to Uruguay, and so to the River

Plata and the now well-known town of Buenos Ayres.”

_Country Life._

=In the Wilds of South America:= Six Years of Exploration in Colombia,

Venezuela, British Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and

Brazil. By LEO E. MILLER, of the American Museum of Natural History.

With 48 Full-page Illustrations and with Maps. Cloth, 21/-net.

This volume represents a series of almost continuous explorations

hardly ever paralleled in the huge areas traversed. The author is a

distinguished field naturalist--one of those who accompanied Colonel

Roosevelt on his famous South American expedition--and his first object

in his wanderings over 150,000 miles of territory was the observation

of wild life; but hardly second was that of exploration. The result is

a wonderfully informative, impressive and often thrilling narrative

in which savage peoples and all but unknown animals largely figure,

which forms an infinitely readable book and one of rare value for

geographers, naturalists and other scientific men.

=The Putumayo: The Devil’s Paradise.= Travels in the Peruvian Amazon

Region and an Account of the Atrocities committed upon the Indians

therein. By E. W. HARDENBURG, C.E. Edited and with an Introduction by

C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With a Map and 16 Illustrations.

Demy 8vo, Cloth, 10/6 net. Second Impression.

“The author gives us one of the most terrible pages in the history of

trade.”

_Daily Chronicle._

=Tramping through Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.= By HARRY A. FRANCK.

With a Map and 88 Illustrations.

Cloth, 7/6 net.

“Mr. Harry Franck is a renowned vagabond with a gift for vivid

description.... His record is well illustrated and he tells his story

in an attractive manner, his descriptions of scenery being so well

done that one feels almost inclined to risk one’s life in a wild race

dwelling in a land of lurid beauty.”

_Liverpool Mercury._

“Mr. Franck has combined with an enthralling and amusing personal

narrative a very vivid and searching picture, topographical and

social, of a region of much political and economic interest.”

_Glasgow Herald._

=Mexico= (STORY OF THE NATIONS). By SUSAN HALE. With Maps and 47 Illus.

Cloth, 7/6 net. Third Impression.

“This is an attractive book. There is a fascination about Mexico which

is all but irresistible.... The authoress writes with considerable

descriptive power, and all through the stirring narrative never

permits us to lose sight of natural surroundings.”

_Dublin Review._

=Things as they are in Panama.= By HARRY A. FRANCK. With 50

Illustrations.

Cloth, 7/6 net.

“Mr. Franck writes from personal knowledge, fortified by the aptitude

of a practical and shrewd observer with a sense of humour, and the

result is a word-picture of unusual vividness.”

_Standard._

“A sparkling narrative which leaves one wondering again why the

general reader favours modern fiction so much when it is possible to

get such vivacious yarns as this about strange men and their ways in a

romantic corner of the tropics.”

_Daily Mail._

=The Spell of the Tropics.= POEMS. By RANDOLPH H. ATKIN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

The author has travelled extensively in Central and South America,

and has strongly felt the spell of those tropic lands, with all their

splendour and romance, and yet about which so little is known. The

poems are striking pen-pictures of life as it is lived by those men

of the English-speaking races whose lot is cast in the sun-bathed

countries of Latin-America. Mr. Atkin’s verses will reach the hearts

of all who feel the call of the wanderlust, and, having shared their

pleasures and hardships, his poems will vividly recall to “old-timers”

bygone memories of days spent in the land of the Coconut Tree.

=Baedeker Guide to the United States.= With Excursions to Mexico, Cuba,

Porto Rico and Alaska. With 33 Maps and 48 Plans.

Fourth Edition, 1909. Cloth, 20/- net.

_IMPORTANT._ Travellers to the Republics of South America will find

WESSELY’S ENGLISH-SPANISH and SPANISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY and WESSELY’S

LATIN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY invaluable books. Bound in

cloth, pocket size.

Price 4/- net each.

Ask for Wessely’s Edition, published by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin.

THE STORY OF THE NATIONS

THE GREATEST HISTORICAL LIBRARY IN THE WORLD :::: 67 VOLUMES

Each volume of “The Story of the Nations” Series is the work of a

recognized scholar, chosen for his knowledge of the subject and ability

to present history in an attractive form, for the student and the

general reader. The Illustrations and Maps are an attractive feature of

the volume, which are strongly bound for constant use.

_67 Volumes._ _Cloth, 7s. 6d. net each._

“It is many years since Messrs. T. Fisher Unwin commenced the

publication of a series of volumes now entitled ‘The Story of the

Nations.’ Each volume is written by an acknowledged authority on the

country with which it deals. The series has enjoyed great popularity,

and not an uncommon experience being the necessity for a second,

third, and even fourth impression of particular volumes.”

_Scotsman._

“Probably no publisher has issued a more informative and valuable

series of works than those included in ‘The Story of the Nations.’”

_To-Day._

“The series is likely to be found indispensable in every school

library.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

“An admirable series.”

_Spectator._

“Such a universal history as the series will present us with in its

completion will be a possession such as no country but our own can

boast of. Its success on the whole has been very remarkable.”

_Daily Chronicle._

“There is perhaps no surer sign of the increased interest that is

now being taken in historical matters than the favourable reception

which we believe both here and in America is being accorded to the

various volumes of ‘The Story of the Nations’ as they issue in quick

succession from the press. More than one volume has reached its third

edition in England alone.... Each volume is written by one of the

foremost English authorities on the subject with which it deals....

It is almost impossible to over-estimate the value of the series

of carefully prepared volumes, such as are the majority of those

comprising this library.... The illustrations make one of the most

attractive features of the series.”

_Guardian._

A NEW VOLUME IN “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS”

NOW READY

BELGIUM

FROM THE ROMAN INVASION TO THE PRESENT DAY

By EMILE CAMMAERTS. With Maps and Illustrations. Large Crown 8vo.

Cloth, 12/6 net.

A complete history of the Belgian nation from its origins to its

present situation has not yet been published in this country. Up

till now Belgian history has only been treated as a side issue in

works concerned with the Belgian art, Belgian literature or social

conditions. Besides, there has been some doubt with regard to the

date at which such a history ought to begin, and a good many writers

have limited themselves to the modern history of Belgium because they

did not see in olden times sufficient evidence of Belgian unity.

According to the modern school of Belgian historians, however, this

unity, founded on common traditions and common interests, has asserted

itself again and again through the various periods of history in spite

of invasion, foreign domination and the various trials experienced

by the country. The history of the Belgian nation appears to the

modern mind as a slow development of one nationality constituted by

two races speaking two different languages but bound together by

geographical, economic and cultural conditions. In view of the recent

proof Belgium has given of her patriotism during the world-war, this

impartial enquiry into her origins may prove interesting to British

readers. Every opportunity has been taken to insist on the frequent

relationships between the Belgian provinces and Great Britain from

the early middle ages to the present time, and to show the way in

which both countries were affected by them. Written by one of the most

distinguished Belgian writers, who has made a specialty of his subject,

this work will be one of the most brilliant and informing contributions

in “The Story of the Nations.”

A COMPLETE LIST OF THE VOLUMES IN “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS” SERIES.

THE FIRST AND MOST COMPLETE LIBRARY OF THE WORLD’S HISTORY PRESENTED IN

A POPULAR FORM

1 =Rome:= From the Earliest Times to the End of the Republic. By ARTHUR

GILMAN, M.A. Third Edition.

With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

2 =The Jews:= In Ancient, Mediæval and Modern Times. By Professor JAMES

K. HOSMER. Eighth Impression.

With 37 Illustrations and Maps.

3 =Germany.= By S. BARING-GOULD, M.A. Seventh Impression.

With 108 Illustrations and Maps.

4 =Carthage: or the Empire of Africa.= By Professor ALFRED J. CHURCH,

M.A. With the Collaboration of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Ninth Impression. With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

5 =Alexander’s Empire.= By JOHN PENTLAND MAHAFFY, D.D. With the

Collaboration of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Eighth Impression. With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

6 =The Moors in Spain.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. With the Collaboration

of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Eighth Edition. With 29 Illustrations and Maps.

7 =Ancient Egypt.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A. Tenth Edition.

Eleventh Impression. With 50 Illustrations and Maps.

8 =Hungary.= In Ancient, Mediæval and Modern Times. By Professor

ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY. With Collaboration of Louis Heilpin.

Seventh Edition. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

9 =The Saracens:= From the Earliest Times to the Fall of Bagdad. By

ARTHUR GILMAN, M.A.

Fourth Edition. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

10 =Ireland.= By the Hon. EMILY LAWLESS. Revised and brought up to date

by J. O’Toole. With some additions by Mrs. Arthur Bronson.

Eighth Impression. With 58 Illustrations and Maps.

11 =Chaldea=: From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria. By

ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Seventh Impression. With 80 Illustrations and Maps.

12 =The Goths=: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Gothic

Dominion in Spain. By HENRY BRADLEY.

Fifth Edition. With 35 Illustrations and Maps.

13 =Assyria=: From the Rise of the Empire to the Fall of Nineveh.

(Continued from “Chaldea.”) By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Seventh Impression. With 81 Illustrations and Maps.

14 =Turkey.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE, assisted by C. J. W. Gibb and

Arthur Gilman.

New Edition. With a new Chapter on recent events (1908).

With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

15 =Holland.= By Professor J. E. THOROLD ROGERS.

Fifth Edition. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

16 =Mediæval France:= From the Reign of Huguar Capet to the beginning

of the 16th Century. By GUSTAVE MASSON, B.A.

Sixth Edition. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

17 =Persia.= By S. G. W. BENJAMIN.

Fourth Edition. With 56 Illustrations and Maps.

18 =Phœnicia.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A.

Third Edition. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

19 =Media, Babylon, and Persia=: From the Fall of Nineveh to the

Persian War. By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Fourth Edition. With 17 Illustrations and Maps.

20 =The Hansa Towns.= By HELEN ZIMMERN.

Third Edition. With 51 Illustrations and Maps.

21 =Early Britain.= By Professor ALFRED J. CHURCH, M.A.

Sixth Impression. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

22 =The Barbary Corsairs.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. With additions by J.

D. KELLY.

Fourth Edition. With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

23 =Russia.= By W. R. MORFILL, M.A.

Fourth Edition. With 60 Illustrations and Maps.

24 =The Jews under Roman Rule.= By W. D. MORRISON.

Second Impression. With 61 Illustrations and Maps.

25 =Scotland:= From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By JOHN

MACKINTOSH, LL.D.

Fifth Impression. With 60 Illustrations and Maps.

26 =Switzerland.= By LINA HUG and R. STEAD.

Third Impression. With over 54 Illustrations, Maps, etc.

27 =Mexico.= By SUSAN HALE.

Third Impression. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

28 =Portugal.= By H. MORSE STEPHENS, M.A. New Edition. With a new

Chapter by Major M. HUME and 5 new Illustrations.

Third Impression. With 44 Illustrations and Maps.

29 =The Normans.= Told chiefly in Relation to their Conquest of

England. By SARAH ORNE JEWETT.

Third Impression. With 35 Illustrations and Maps.

30 =The Byzantine Empire.= By C. W. C. OMAN, M.A.

Third Edition. With 44 Illustrations and Maps.

31 =Sicily:= Phœnician, Greek, and Roman. By Professor E. A. FREEMAN.

Third Edition. With 45 Illustrations.

32 =The Tuscan Republics= (Florence, Siena, Pisa, Lucca) =with Genoa.=

By BELLA DUFFY.

With 40 Illustrations and Maps.

33 =Poland.= By W. R. MORFILL.

Third Impression. With 50 Illustrations and Maps.

34 =Parthia.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON.

Third Impression. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

35 =The Australian Commonwealth.= (New South Wales, Tasmania, Western

Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland, New Zealand.) By

GREVILLE TREGARTHEN.

Fifth Impression. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

36 =Spain.= Being a Summary of Spanish History from the Moorish

Conquest to the Fall of Granada (A.D. 711-1492). By HENRY EDWARD WATTS.

Third Edition. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

37 =Japan.= By DAVID MURRAY, Ph.D., LL.D. With a new Chapter by JOSEPH

W. LONGFORD.

35 Illustrations and Maps.

38 =South Africa.= (The Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South

African Republic, Rhodesia, and all other Territories south of the

Zambesi.) By Dr. GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, D.Litt., LL.D. Revised and

brought up to date.

Eleventh Impression. With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

39 =Venice.= By ALETHEA WIEL.

Fifth Impression. With 61 Illustrations and a Map.

40 =The Crusades:= The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. By T.

A. ARCHER and C. L. KINGSFORD.

Third Impression. With 58 Illustrations and 3 Maps.

41 =Vedic India:= As embodied principally in the Rig-Veda. By ZÉNAÏDE

A. RAGOZIN.

Third Edition. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

42 =The West Indies and the Spanish Main.= By JAMES RODWAY, F.L.S.

Third Impression. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

43 =Bohemia:= From the Earliest Times to the Fall of National

Independence in 1620; with a Short Summary of later Events. By C.

EDMUND MAURICE.

Second Impression. With 41 Illustrations and Maps.

44 =The Balkans= (Rumania, Bulgaria, Servia and Montenegro). By W.

MILLER, M.A. New Edition. With a new Chapter containing their History

from 1296 to 1908.

With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

45 =Canada.= By Sir JOHN BOURINOT, C.M.G. With 63 Illustrations and

Maps. Second Edition. With a new Map and revisions, and a supplementary

Chapter by EDWARD PORRITT.

Third Impression.

46 =British India.= By R. W. FRAZER, LL.D.

Eighth Impression. With 30 Illustrations and Maps.

47 =Modern France, 1789-1895.= By ANDRÉ LEBON. With 26 Illustrations

and a Chronological Chart of the Literary, Artistic, and Scientific

Movement in Contemporary France.

Fourth Impression.

48 =The Franks.= From their Origin as a Confederacy to the

Establishment of the Kingdom of France and the German Empire. By LEWIS

SERGEANT.

Second Edition. With 40 Illustrations and Maps.

49 =Austria.= By SIDNEY WHITMAN. With the Collaboration of J. R.

MCILRAITH.

Third Edition. With 35 Illustrations and a Map.

50 =Modern England before the Reform Bill.= By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

With 31 Illustrations.

51 =China.= By Professor R. K. DOUGLAS. Fourth Edition. With a new

Preface. 51 Illustrations and a Map. Revised and brought up to date by

IAN C. HANNAH.

52 =Modern England under Queen Victoria=: From the Reform Bill to the

Present Time. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

Second Edition. With 46 Illustrations.

53 =Modern Spain, 1878-1898.= By MARTIN A. S. HUME.

Second Impression. With 37 Illustrations and a Map.

54 =Modern Italy, 1748-1898.= By PROFESSOR PIETRO ORSI.

With over 40 Illustrations and Maps.

55 =Norway=: From the Earliest Times. By Professor HJALMAR H. BOYESEN.

With a Chapter by C. F. KEARY.

With 77 Illustrations and Maps.

56 =Wales.= By OWEN EDWARDS.

With 47 Illustrations and 7 Maps. Fifth Impression.

57 =Mediæval Rome:= From Hildebrand to Clement VIII, 1073-1535. By

WILLIAM MILLER.

With 35 Illustrations.

58 =The Papal Monarchy:= From Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII. By

WILLIAM BARRY, D.D. Second Impression.

With 61 Illustrations and Maps.

59 =Mediæval India under Mohammedan Rule.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE.

With 59 Illustrations. Twelfth Impression.

60 =Parliamentary England:= The Evolution of the Cabinet System,

1660-1832. By EDWARD JENKS.

With 47 Illustrations.

61 =Buddhist India.= By T. W. RHYS DAVIDS.

Fourth Impression. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

62 =Mediæval England, 1066-1350.= By MARY BATESON.

With 93 Illustrations.

63 =The Coming of Parliament.= (England, 1350-1660.) By L. CECIL JANE.

With 51 Illustrations and a Map.

64 =The Story of Greece:= From the Earliest Times to A.D. 14. By E. S.

SHUCKBURGH.

With 2 Maps and about 70 Illustrations.

65 =The Story of the Roman Empire.= (29 B.C. to A.D. 476.) By H. STUART

JONES.

Third Impression. With a Map and 52 Illustrations.

66 =Sweden and Denmark.= With Chapters on Finland and Iceland. By JON

STEFANSSON.

With Maps and 40 Illustrations.

67 =Belgium.= By EMILE CAMMAERTS.

12s. 6d.

_IMPORTANT.--ASK YOUR BOOKSELLER TO LET YOU EXAMINE A SPECIMEN VOLUME

OF “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS” SERIES_

T. FISHER UNWIN Ltd., 1 Adelphi

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* * * * *

Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been retained. Original

capitalization and spelling has been retained except in the cases of

the following apparent typographical errors:

Page 23, “ANTROPOLOGICAL” changed to “ANTHROPOLOGICAL.”

(ANTHROPOLOGICAL MAP OF FORMOSA)

Page 95, “Filippinos” changed to “Filipinos.” (resemblance between

Filipinos and)

Page 140, “prietesses” changed to “priestesses.” (elderly women are

priestesses)

Page 253, under Russia heading, “Mapz” changed to “Maps.” (With 60

Illustrations and Maps.)

Page 46, “outcaste” changed to “outcast.” (the outcast class of China)