people and by intellectual philosophers; Plato asks it of the
Protagoreans--how, if the individual man is the measure of all things,
is there to be any common measure? How any agreement? May not a thing be
good and true for one and not for another? How, then, shall there be any
getting together without an outside authority and an absolute standard?
The answer, as Schiller and James showed, is obvious; life is a matter
of adjustment. We each constitute a part of the other's environment. At
certain points our desires conflict, our valuations are different, and
yet our experience at these points overlaps, as it were. It is to our
common advantage to have agreement at these points. Out of our habitual
adjustments to one another, a body of mutual understanding and agreement
grows up which constitutes the intellectual and moral order of life. But
this order, necessary as it is, is still in the making. It is not
something given; it is not a copy of something transcendent, impersonal,
and final which crowds may write upon their banners and use to gain
uniform submission for anything which they may be able to express in
terms which are general and abstract. This order of life is purely
practical; it exists for us, not we for it, and because we have agreed
that certain things shall be right and true, it does not follow that
righteousness and truth are fixed and final and must be worshiped as
pure ideas in such a way that the mere repetition of these words
paralyzes our cerebral hemispheres.
Doubtless one of the greatest aids of the humanist way of thinking in
bringing the individual to self-consciousness is the way in which it
orients us in the world of present-day events. It inspires one to
achieve a working harmony, not a fictitious haven of rest for the mind
interested only in its relations to its own ideas. The unity which life
demands of us is not that of a perfect rational system. It is rather the
unity of a healthy organism all the parts of which can work together.
Cut up as we are into what Emerson called "fragments of men," I think we
are particularly susceptible to crowd-thinking because we are so
disintegrated. Thought and behavior must always be more or less
automatic and compulsory where there is no conscious co-ordination of
the several parts of it. It is partly because we are the heirs of such a
patchwork of civilization that few people to-day are able to think their
lives through. There can be little organic unity in the heterogeneous
and unrelated aggregation of half-baked information, warring interests,
and irreconcilable systems of valuation which are piled together in the
modern man's thinking.
Life may not be reduced to a logical unity, but it is an organic whole
for each of us, and we do not reach that organic unity by adding
mutually exclusive partial views of it together.
Something happens to one who grasps the meaning of humanism; he becomes
self-conscious in a new way. His psychic life becomes a fascinating
adventure in a real world. He finds that his choices are real events. He
is "set intellectually on fire," as one of our educators has correctly
defined education. As Jung would doubtless say, he has "extroverted"
himself; his libido, which in the crowd seeks to enhance the ego feeling
by means of the mechanism which we have described, now is drawn out and
attached to the outer world through the intellectual channel. Selfhood
is realized in the satisfactoriness of the results which one is able to
achieve in the very fullness of his activity and the richness of his
interests.
Such a free spirit needs no crowds to keep up his faith, and he is truly
social, for he approaches his social relationships with intelligent
discrimination and judgments of worth which are his own. He contributes
to the social, not a copy or an imitation, not a childish wish-fancy
furtively disguised, but a psychic reality and a new creative energy. It
is only in the fellowship of such spirits, whatever political or
economic forms their association may take, that we may expect to see the
Republic of the Free.
INDEX
Abelard, 153, 283.
Absolute, the, 143.
Absolutism, 133, 144.
Abstract ideas, 2, 49, 160.
---- function of, 154, 155.
Adler, Dr. Alfred, 59.
---- _The Neurotic Constitution_, 20, 61, 63.
(Translated by Bernard Glueck and John A. Land; Moffat, Yard & Co.,
New York, 1917.)
Adventist, 211.
(See also Messianism.)
Age of Reason, 209.
Agitators, 192.
Alcoholic neurosis, 86.
_Alice in Wonderland_, 2.
Ambition, 66.
America, conformist spirit in, 275.
---- crowd movements in, 53.
---- democracy in, 253, 280.
---- education in, 273, 280.
---- freedom of opinion in, 268.
---- leadership in, 275.
---- present condition, 189.
American colonists, 52.
---- Declaration of Independence, 196.
---- democracy, mental habits in, 272.
---- revolution, 225.
Americanism, 87.
Americanisation propaganda, 108.
Anabaptists, 225.
Analytical psychology, 12, 294.
(See also Psychoanalysis, Freud, Jung, Adler, Brill, The
Unconscious.)
Anselm, 153.
_a priori_ ideas in paranoia, 67.
Arbitrary power, limits of, 246.
Aristocrats, 182.
Armenians, persecution of, 107.
Armistice, the, 115.
Athletic contests, 82.
---- events, symbols of conflict, 113.
_Atlantic Monthly_, 258.
Attention, 36.
---- direction of, 29.
---- function of, 58.
Augustine, Saint, 153, 270.
Bacon, Francis, 153.
Baker, Secretary Newton D., 117, 119.
Beethoven, 175, 269.
Behavior, social, 5.
Belief, crowd a creature of, 31.
Beliefs, as ends in themselves, 33.
---- crowd professions of, 195.
Berger, Victor, 265.
Bergson, Henri, 153.
---- on sleep, 57.
---- _Creative Evolution_, 211, 299.
(Translated by Arthur Mitchell; Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1911.)
---- _Time_ and _Free Will_, 290.
(Translated by F. L. Pogson; George Allen & Co., London, 1912.)
Bible, 270.
Birth control, 239.
Boccaccio, 270.
Bolshevism, 166, 186, 207.
(See also Soviets, Revolution, Russia.)
Bolshevist propaganda, 228.
Bourgeois, 170, 225.
Brill, Dr. A. A., 59.
---- _Psychoanalysis; Its Theories and Application_ (W. B.
Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa.), 55, 61, 93, 133, 135.
British Labor Party, 226.
Butler, Samuel, 283.
Byron, 62.
Cæsar Borgia, 233.
Calvin, 225.
Capitalism, 177, 178.
Carlyle, 258.
---- _Heroes and Hero Worshipers_, 175.
---- _Sartor Resartus_, 46.
Cassanova, 270.
Categorical imperative, 90.
Catholics, 264.
---- in England, 225.
Censorships, 239.
Cervantes, 283.
Chautauqua, the, 272.
Chauvanism, 223.
Chesterton, G. K., 135.
Chicago, riot in, 107.
Child, egoism of, 62.
Christianity, primitive, 193, 209.
Church, the, 83, 114, 170, 234.
Cicero, 188.
Citizen, the, 248.
Civilization, continuity of, 216.
Class, the master, 177.
---- struggle, 43.
(See also Revolution.)
Classics, the, 292.
Clergy of Middle Ages, 230.
Collective Mind, 15.
College students, egoism of, 78, 79.
Communion of the saints, 83.
Compensation, 120.
---- mechanisms of, 84.
Complex formations, causes of, 65.
Compromise mechanisms, 71.
Compulsive hatred, 112.
---- thinking, 71, 102.
Conflict, psychic, 3.
---- within the psyche, 70.
Conformist spirit, 275.
Conformity, insisted upon by crowds, 266.
Conscientious objector, 120.
Consciousness, 57.
Conservatism of the crowd-mind, 224.
Conservative crowds, 191.
Conspiracy, delusion of, 105.
(See also Paranoia, Projection, Persecution.)
Constantine, 234.
Constituent assembly, French, 186.
Constitution, 247, 249.
Constitutional government, 235.
Convert, the, 86.
Conway, Sir Martin, 17, 181.
---- _The Crowd in Peace and War._ (Longmans, Green & Co.,
London, 1915.)
Co-operation, 226.
Co-operative commonwealth, 209.
Cooper Union Forum, 25, 26, 265, 240.
Counter crowds, 198.
Couthon, 206.
_Creative Intelligence_, 298.
Cromwell, Oliver, 225.
Crowd, the, 6.
---- against some one, 113.
(See also Hatred, Paranoia, Delusion of Persecution, Projection.)
---- a creature of belief, 31.
---- a state of mind, 19.
---- compulsive thinking of, 71, 102.
---- defined, 5.
---- delusion of conspiracy in, 105.
---- delusion of persecution, 99.
---- dogma of equality in, 175.
---- dominant, 35, 177.
---- effect on social peace, 8.
---- effect on the individual, 8.
---- ego mania of, 74.
---- enemy of personality, 159.
---- ethics of, 90.
---- fear and suspicion in, 104.
---- function of ideals in, 84.
---- hates in order that it may believe in itself, 132.
---- hatred, a motive of self-defense, 113, 125.
---- homicidal tendencies of, 106-107.
---- ideal of society, 267.
---- idealism of, 160.
---- idealizes itself, 43.
---- itself absolute, 161.
---- its resentment of educated man, 172.
---- movements in America, 53.
---- moral, 124.
---- moral dilemmas of, 88.
---- motives in education, 271, 272.
---- notions of equality, 262.
---- parental function of, 44.
---- restrictions upon freedom, 25.
---- rumor in, 104.
---- self-deception of, 54.
---- self-pity in, 101.
---- sense of responsibility in, 100.
---- transference phenomenon, a 136, 138.
---- truths are _a priori_ concepts, 141.
---- tyranny in, 101.
---- tyranny of, 235.
---- unconscious egoism of, 73.
---- unconscious motives of, 51.
---- virtues and vices of, 88.
---- virtues of, 164.
Crowd-behavior, in a democracy, 242.
---- pseudo-social, 22.
Crowd-ethics, 267.
Crowd-ideas, abstract, 49.
Crowd-ideas, moral significance of, 35.
---- pathology of, 37.
---- phenomenon of attention in, 36.
---- ready made, 26.
Crowd man, a dogmatist, 140.
Crowd mentality, 5.
Crowd-mind--and paranoia, 92.
---- absolutism of, chapter vi, 133.
---- conservatism of, 224.
---- distorts patriotism, 111.
---- influence upon education, 277.
---- orthodoxy of, 152.
---- similarity--to paranoia, 98.
---- tendency to exaggerate, 100.
Crowd morality, 35, 157-158.
---- demands a victim, 106.
Crowd orator, 99.
Crowd-propaganda, 289.
Crowd-thinking--conservative, 191.
---- destructive tendencies of, 163.
---- finality of, 44.
---- function of, 191.
---- intensified by revolution, 223.
---- logic of, 140.
---- not creative, 217.
---- pageantry of, 215.
---- quest of "magic formulas," 150.
---- rationalisation of, 150-151.
---- wanting in intellectual curiosity, 271.
Crowds, claim to infallibility, 234.
---- counter, 198.
---- credulity of, 139-140.
---- dictatorship of, 183.
---- dignity of, 83.
---- disintegration of, 195.
---- dominant, 168.
---- faith of, 126.
---- function of ideas in, 155-156.
---- hostility to freedom, 200.
---- idealism of, 112.
---- illiberalism of, 276.
---- in modern society, 7.
---- liberty of, 266.
---- Messianic faith of, 201.
---- permanent, 42.
---- phenomenon of displacement in, 116.
---- resist disintegration, 129.
---- revolutionary, 180.
---- revolutionary phenomena in, 203.
---- self-adulation of, 77.
---- self-feeling in, 170.
---- slow to learn, 193.
---- spirit of, 298.
---- will to dominance, 79.
Curiosity of crowds, 271.
Darwin, 225, 269.
Day dreams, 84.
Day of the Lord, 202.
Debs, Eugene V., 265.
Decalogue, 90.
Defense-mechanism, 94.
Deists, 264.
Delusion of conspiracy, 105.
(See also Paranoia, Persecution.)
---- of grandeur, 92.
(See also Paranoia, Egoism, Self-feeling.)
---- of persecution, 68, 69, 92, 99.
(See also Paranoia, Projection, Hate.)
Democracy, 178, 266, 282.
---- crowd behavior in, 242.
---- genius in, 268.
---- in America, 253, 272, 280.
---- law in, 268.
---- lawmaking power in, 247.
---- liberty in, 248, 261-267.
---- mental habits of, 287.
---- not synonymous with liberty, 242.
Democratic constitutions, 235.
Democrats, 264.
Demons, 95.
Demon worship, 97.
Demosthenes, 62.
Department of Justice, United States, 240.
Determination, unconscious, 5.
Determinism, psychological motives of, 149.
Devil, the, 114.
Dewey, John, _Ethics_, by Dewey and Tufts (Henry Holt & Co.,
New York. 1910), 89.
---- _Essays in Experimental Logic_ (University of Chicago
Press, 1916), 142.
----- Creative Intelligence (Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1917), 298.
---- _Democracy and Education_ (The Macmillan Company, New
York, 1916), 288-289, 290, 291.
Dias, 194.
Dictatorship, 222.
Dictatorship of crowds, 183.
Dictatorship of the proletariat, 193, 228, 229-232.
Dignity of crowds, 83.
(See also Egoism.)
Disguise, mechanisms of, 73.
Disintegration of crowds, 129, 195.
Dogma of infallibility, 234.
Dogmatism, 140.
Dominant crowd, 177.
Dostoievsky, 270.
---- _The Brothers Karamasov_, 233.
Dream, the, 34.
---- fancies, 58.
---- of Paradise, 207.
---- of social redemption, 232.
---- of world set free, 222.
Dreams, 57, 84.
---- disguise in, 73.
Dreiser, Theodore, 265.
---- _The Genius_, 265.
DuBois, W. F. B., 121.
Duty, 161.
East St. Louis, riot in, 107.
Eastman, Max, 264.
Economic system, 213.
Economics, science of, 185.
Educated man, crowd's resentment of, 172.
Education, chapter x, 281.
---- crowd motive in, 271-272.
---- of present day, 288.
---- religious, 153.
---- the new, 284, 286, 289.
---- traditional, 292.
---- traditional systems, 277, 278.
Ego, consciousness, 70.
(See also Self-feeling.)
---- mania, 74.
Egoism of the neurotic, 61.
---- unconscious, 73.
Eighteenth amendment to Constitution of United States, 236, 265.
Emerson, 9, 269, 283, 302.
Emotion, theory of, 18.
Empiricism, 297.
England, political liberty in, 226.
---- Socialism in, 227.
Environment, social, 35.
Epicurus, 153.
Equality, 175, 262.
Erasmus, 283.
Espionage, in United States, 241.
Ethic, of Kant, 162.
Ethics, 267.
---- of crowd, 90.
Europe, present condition in, 189.
Evangelists, 114.
(See also Sunday, William.)
Evolution, 212.
---- doctrines of, 210.
Exaggeration of crowd-mind, 100.
Exodus of children of Israel, 52.
Exploitation, 170, 177.
Extroversion, 303.
Fads, 224.
Faguet, _The Cult of Incompetence_, 17.
(Translated by Beatrice Barstow; E. P. Dutton & Co., New
York, 1916.)
---- _The Dread of Responsibility_, 266.
(Translated by Emily James; G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York,
1914.)
Faith, 126.
Fanaticism, 86.
Fear, 104, 128.
Feeling of importance, 82.
(See also Egoism.)
Female neurotic, 98.
Fichte, 152.
Fiction of justification, 106.
Fictions, 20, 128.
Fictitious logic, 198.
Fixations, phenomenon of, 94.
Flaubert, 270.
Forgetting, purposeful, 56.
Fourierists, 204.
Franklin, 225.
Freedom, 154, 244, 248.
---- in democracy, 261-267.
---- of speech, 264.
---- to vote, 261.
Free spirit, 303.
French Revolution, 38, 107, 170, 182-183, 192, 194, 219.
Freud, Dr. Sigmund, 30, 34, 59, 117, 210.
(See Analytical Psychology.)
---- _Delusion and Dream_, 55.
(Translated by Helen Downey; Moffat, Yard & Co., New York, 1917.)
---- _The Interpretation of Dreams_, 12, 59.
(Translated by Dr. A. A. Brill; The Macmillan Company, New York,
1915.)
---- _Three Contributions to the Sexual Theory._ "Nervous and
Mental Diseases," Monograph Series No. 4, 63.
---- _Totem and Taboo_, 12, 90, 95.
(Translated by Dr. A. A. Brill; Moffat, Yard & Co., New York,
1918.)
---- influence upon general psychology, 12.
---- on dream thoughts, 30.
Garrison, William Lloyd, 264.
Gary schools, 265.
Genius, 67, 268.
Germany, 110.
---- and the war, 38.
---- Socialist movement in, 227.
Gironde, 196.
(See also French Revolution.)
Gobineau, 17, 54, 181.
Goethe, 175, 270, 283.
Good, the, 90.
Goodness, 89.
Government, by crowds, chapter ix, 233.
Government, functions of, 251.
Grandeur, delusions of, 92.
(See also Egoism, Paranoia.)
Greatest happiness, principle of, 167.
Greece, 143.
Greek literature, 277.
Hapsburg, the, 235.
Hatred, 132.
---- in paranoia, 94, 112.
Hebrew prophet, 202.
Hegel, 152-153.
Heretic, the, 123.
Hero worship, 81, 82.
Hohenzollerns, the, 235.
Homicidal tendencies, 105.
(See also Crowd, Paranoia, Hatred.)
Homosexuality, 94.
Human nature, evil of, 284.
---- weakness of, 245-246.
Human sacrifice, 112.
Humanism, 225, 290, 293, 298, 300, 302.
(See also Pragmatism.)
Humanist, the, 296.
Hume, David, 153.
Huxley, 226, 269.
Hypocrisy, among crowds, 54.
Idealism, 141, 144.
---- modern, 223.
---- of crowds, 112.
---- psychology of, 148.
Ideals, of the crowd, 84.
Ideas, _a priori_, 67.
---- descriptive confused with casual, 214.
---- no impersonal, 3.
---- political, moral, religious, 44.
---- tyranny of, 279.
Ideational system, 159.
(See also Paranoia, Crowd Thinking.)
Illusions, 31.
Imitation and suggestion, theory of, 33.
Individual, the, 150, 283, 297, 301.
---- and society, 1-32.
Individualism, 153, 262.
Infallibility, dogma of, 234.
Inferiority, feeling of, 62, 169-170.
(See also Egoism, Compensation.)
Ingersoll, Robert, 225, 269.
Insanity, 3.
Insanity and emotion, 19.
(See also Paranoia, Psychoanalysis.)
Instinct, 11.
Instrumental theory of intellect, 298.
Intellectualism, 144, 296.
---- and conservatism, 18.
Intellectuals, the, 230.
Jackson, Andrew, 265.
Jacobinism, 264.
Jacobins, the, 116.
James, William, 2, 31, 153, 207, 241, 283, 291, 297.
James, William, _Essays in Radical Empiricism_ (Longmans, Green
& Co., New York, 1912), 142.
---- _The Meaning of Truth_, 301.
---- _Pragmatism_ (Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1905), 142.
---- _Principles of Psychology_ (Henry Holt & Co., New York,
1890), 37, 127, 298.
---- _The Will to Believe_ (Longmans, Green & Co., Reprint,
1912), 57, 175.
---- _Varieties of Religious Experience_, (Longmans, Green &
Co., New York, 1906), 22.
Jefferson, 225, 264.
Jericho, fall of a Revolutionary symbol, 212.
Judgment Day, 81.
Julius Cæsar, 130.
Julius II, Pope, 181.
Jung, Dr. C. G., 59.
(See also Psychoanalysis.)
---- _Analytical Psychology_, 85, 303. (Translated by E. Long;
Moffat, Yard & Co., New York, 1917.)
---- Psychology of the Unconscious, 66, 138. (Translated by Beatrice
Hinkle; Moffat, Yard & Co., New York, 1916.)
Justification, mechanism of, 106.
Kaiser Wilhelm II, 80, 115.
Kant, 153, 161.
---- _Metaphysics of Morals_, 90, 162-163. (Translated by Thos.
K. Abbot; Longmans, Green & Co., New York. Sixth edition, 1917.)
Keats, 269.
Kingdom of Heaven, 202.
Labor, assumed triumph of, 229.
Law, in a democracy, 268.
Leadership, 271.
---- in America, 275.
L Bon, Gustave, 5, 17, 19, 139, 205, 242, 269.
---- on the unconscious, 14.
---- summary of his theory, 47.
---- _The Crowd, A Study of the Popular Mind_ (Eleventh edition.
T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., London, 1917), 15.
---- _The Psychology of Revolution_, 180, 182, 205. (Translated
by Miall; G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1912.)
Lenin, Nicolai, 206, 227, 233.
Leo X, Pope, 181, 185.
Liberator, the, 124, 125, 264.
Liberty, 199.
---- in a democracy, 242, 261-267.
---- of crowds, 266, 276.
Libido, 65, 136, 303.
Lincoln, 225.
Livingstone, R. W., _The Greek Genius and Its Meaning for Us_,
143.
Locke, John, 153.
Logic, of crowd-thinking, 140.
---- in crowds and in paranoia, 198.
Louis XVI, 186.
Lowell, Percival, 269.
Lusk Committee, the, 103.
Luther, Martin, 175, 193, 225.
Lynchings, 38, 106.
McDougal, Prof. William, 10. _An Introduction to Social
Psychology_ (John W. Luce & Co., Boston, 1917), 11.
Machiavelli, _The Prince_, 233.
Madison Square Garden, 265.
Majority, as king, 248.
---- tyranny of, 250.
Man in the state of nature, 209.
Manifesto, Socialist, 204.
(See also Karl Marx.)
"Man the Measure of all Things," 300.
Marcus Aurelius, 234.
Marines' Fathers' Association, 117-118.
Marx, Karl, 152.
Masculine protest, 62.
Masochism, 39, 65.
Mass meetings, 23.
Master class, 177.
Materialism, 150.
Mechanisms, of compensation, 84.
---- of defense, 94.
---- of disguise, 73.
---- of justification, 40, 106.
Mechanistic theories, 1.
Mediæval thinkers, 10.
Mental habits, 272.
Messianism as a revolutionary crowd phenomenon, 203, 210.
Mexico, 194.
Millennium, 201.
Milton, 270.
Milwaukee, pseudo-patriotism in, 259.
Mind, collective, 15.
Minority crowds, arrogance of, 257.
Mirabeau, 183.
Mob, 6, 165.
---- outbreaks, 37.
Mobs, 107.
---- modern, 47.
---- Southern, 39.
Modern society challenged, 213.
Modernism, 223.
Montaigne, 270, 283.
Moral dilemmas, 88.
Morality, 106.
---- of crowd-mind, 157-158.
---- of the crowd, 124.
Motion pictures, 157.
Multiple personality, 5.
Mysticism of revolutionary crowds, 219.
Napoleon, 221.
Narcissus, stage, 66.
Nations as crowds, 83.
Negation, phenomenon of, 89.
Nero, 234.
Neurotic, female, 98.
---- similarity to crowd, 71.
Newcomb, Simon, 269.
Newspapers, 45.
New York City, 172.
---- crowds in, 115.
New Testament, 202.
Nietzsche, Friederich, 153, 269, 270.
---- _Antichrist_ (Third English edition. Dr. Oscar Levy; The
Macmillan Company, New York, 1911), 81.
---- _Beyond Good and Evil_ (Third English edition. Dr. Oscar
Levy; The Macmillan Company, New York), 17, 124, 194.
---- _Genealogy of Morals_ (Edited by Dr. Oscar Levy; The
Macmillan Company, New York. 1911), 91.
---- _Thus Spake Zarathustra_, 175. (Translated by Thomas
Gommon.)
---- _The Will to Power_, 62. (Translated by A. M. Ludovici;
Oscar Levy edition; The Macmillan Company.)
Nonconformist, 123.
Non-crowd man, 226, 285.
Obsessions, 134.
Oedipus complex, 66.
Omaha, riot in, 107, 116.
Orators, 25.
Oratory, 99.
Orthodoxy, 152.
Pageantry, 216.
Paine, Thomas, 225.
Parades, 115.
Paranoia, 22, 67, 92, 93, 94, 102, 294.
---- and fanaticism, 86.
---- hatred in, 112.
---- obsessive ideas in, 134.
---- rationalization in, 139.
---- similarity to crowd-mind, 98.
Paranoiac, 84, 163, 208.
Parker, Theodore, 269.
Partisanship, 140, 194.
Pathological types, 58.
Patriotic crowds, 151.
Patriotism, 80, 111, 118, 119.
People's Institute of New York, 241.
Permanent crowds, 42.
Persecution, delusion of, 68, 69, 92.
Personal liberty, 244.
---- in a democracy, 248.
Personality, 297.
Perversion, 64.
Petrarch, 175.
Petrograd, 219.
Philosophers, intellectualist, 296.
Philosophical idealism, 148.
(See also Intellectualism, Rationalism.)
Philosophy, humanist, 293.
Philosophy of "as if," 128.
Platitudes in crowd oratory, 26.
Plato, 150, 153, 300.
---- _The Republic_, 143. (Translated by Jowett; Third edition,
Oxford Press, 1892.)
Pliny, 247.
Poe, 269.
Pogroms, 107.
Poland, 107.
Political conventions, 27.
Political liberty in England, 226.
Politics, philosophy of, 233.
Pope, the, 62.
Power, abuses of, 185.
---- crowd, will to, 160.
Pragmatism, 142, 299, 301.
(See also Humanism.)
Principles, as justification mechanisms, 40.
---- as leading ideas, 154.
Progress, 167.
Prohibition, 239, 265.
Prohibition agitator, 88.
Prohibitionists, the, 80, 114.
Projection, phenomenon of, 87, 95, 105.
Proletarian crowd, 236.
Proletarians, 263.
Proletariat, the, 183.
---- dictatorship of, 197, 229-232.
Propaganda, 54, 101, 103, 142, 157, 264, 289.
---- Bolshevist, 228, 265.
---- revolutionary, 181, 189, 208.
Protagoras, 153, 283, 300.
Protestantism, 225.
Prussianism, 258.
Psychic conflict, 3.
Psychoanalysis, 34, 59, 165, 295.
---- therapeutic value of, 165, 284.
Psychology of crowd, summary of author's view, 48, 49, 50.
Psychology, social, 11.
---- of the unconscious, 12, 51, 56, 57, 58, 64, 70, 138, 267.
Psychoneurosis, 92.
---- egoism of, 61.
Psychosexual, 64.
Public opinion, 4, 46.
Public schools, 273-274.
Puritanism, 264, 265.
Quakers, the, 225, 264.
Rabelais, 270.
Race riots, 107.
---- motive of, 121.
Radical crowds, 152.
Rationalism, 144.
(See also Intellectualism.)
Rationalization, 144, 249.
---- in crowds, 156.
---- of revolutionary wish-fancy, 210.
Real, the, concreteness of, 297.
Reality, criterion of, 32.
---- sense of, 37.
Re-education, 294.
Reform, "white slavery," 98.
Reformation, the, 182, 192, 225.
Reformers, 157, 270.
Reformist crowds, 151.
Regression, 111, 135.
Religion, 201.
---- Messianism and revolution, 204.
Religious convert, 86.
---- crowds, 151.
---- education, 153.
---- symbolism, 66.
Renaissance, 170, 175, 225, 292.
Repression, 34, 45, 63, 64.
Republicans, the, 264.
Responsibility, sense of, 100.
Revenge, 220.
Revival meetings, 76.
(See also Sunday, William.)
Revolution, chapter vii, 166, 183.
---- as a crowd phenomenon, 180.
---- psychic causes of, 171.
---- small fruits of, 224.
---- violence in, 167.
Revolution, French, 38, 170, 182, 183, 192, 194, 205, 219.
---- Russian, 9, 183, 206.
Revolutionary creed, 222.
---- crowds, 151, 200.
---- propaganda, 181, 188, 189, 208.
Riots, 106.
Robespierre, 206, 235.
Rochdale movement, 226.
Rolland, Mme., 182.
Roman republic, 187.
Romanoffs, the, 235.
Rossetti, 270.
Rousseau, Jean J., 153, 233, 270.
Rumor, 104.
Russia, pogroms in, 107.
---- revolution in, 186.
---- Socialist movement in, 227.
Russian revolution, 9, 53, 183, 206.
Sadism, 39, 65, 111.
Saint Just, 206.
Saint Simonists, 204.
Salem, Massachusetts, 163.
Sans-culottism, 171.
_Saturday Evening Post_, 272.
Savonarola, 235.
Saxon peasants, 225.
Schiller, F. C. S., 241, 300, 301.
---- _Humanism_ (Second edition. The Macmillan Company, London,
1912), 142.
---- _Studies in Humanism_ (Second edition. The Macmillan
Company, London, 1912), 144-147.
Schopenhauer, 153, 269.
Schubert, 269.
Science, 159, 278.