SPECIFICATIONS FOR
STREET ROADWAY PAVEMENTS
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SPECIFICATIONS FOR STREET ROADWAY PAVEMENTS
WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO
INSPECTORS ON STREET PAVING WORK
BY
S. WHINERY
MEMBER AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
SECOND EDITION
REVISED, ENLARGED AND ENTIRELY RESET
McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY
239 WEST 39TH STREET, NEW YORK
6 BOUVERIE STREET, LONDON, E. C.
1913
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THE
MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY
THE·MAPLE·PRESS·YORK·PA
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
In offering to the public a new edition of “Specifications for Street
Roadway Pavements” the author has taken advantage of the opportunity to
revise and expand somewhat the matter in the original edition and to add
thereto Instructions for Inspectors on pavement work.
Since the publication of the original pamphlet in 1907 no little advance
has been made in the design and construction of street pavements and the
framing of specifications for that work. Aside from the personal study
and efforts of individual engineers, the Association for Standardizing
Paving Specifications, organized in the latter part of 1909, has held
four important conventions, devoted to the improvement and
standardization of specifications for street pavements, and its able
standing Committees have devoted much time and thought to the subject.
The American Society of Municipal Improvements has also devoted much
attention to the subject and has adopted standard specifications for
most of the common kinds of pavement. Other organizations have been
working along the same lines.
Under these circumstances it might be thought that there is no longer
any pressing need for the continuance of individual efforts in this
field, and it has been with some hesitation that the author has returned
to it. Without venturing to criticise the work done by these public
organizations it has seemed to the author that there is yet room for
individual work in this field, if for no other reason than that there
still remain quite divergent views not only as to the substance, but as
to the form, scope and phraseology of specifications, and contributions
based upon some knowledge and experience in street pavement may not be
without value in reaching final conclusions.
As might be expected experience and observation during the past five
years have, in a number of particulars, modified the author’s opinions
and shown where the original specifications offered might be improved
and enlarged, so that while, in the main, those now offered follow the
original text, the reader will find not a few changes. There has also
been added specifications for two comparatively new kinds of roadway
pavement that have merited attention, and for concrete sidewalk and
concrete combined curb and gutter.
So far as the author is aware there has not been printed, in America at
least, any complete and comprehensive code of instructions for pavement
inspectors, though there appears to be a demand, as there certainly is a
need, for something of the kind.
Having been asked about a year since to prepare such a set of
instructions for the use of one American city, the author has rewritten
parts of them in a more general form, and they are printed (with the
permission of the engineer for whom they were written) as Part II of
this edition. While they would need some revision and modification to
meet the conditions and special specification provisions in any
particular city, it is thought they may be useful in at least suggesting
the points to be covered.
CONTENTS
PART I
SPECIFICATIONS
=Introductory= PAGE
Value of general specifications 1
Theory of specifications 1
Street paving work 2
Specifications should be fair and just to contractor 4
Relations of contractor to municipality 6
Advertisements for proposals 7
Instructions to bidders 9
Relation between specifications and contract 9
Specifications 9
Preparation of specifications 9
Engineer as arbiter 11
Itemized unit prices 12
SPECIFICATIONS
=General= PAGE SECTION
General description of work 13
Definitions 14 1
Changes in plans and specifications 15 3
Quality of material and work 15 4
Inspection 15 5
Injury to persons and property 16 6
Sanitary and public convenience 16 7–9
Disorderly employees 17 10
Order and progress of work 17 11
Pavement datum 18 12
City monuments and stakes 18 13
Old and new material 18 14–15
Adjusting street structures 18 16
Connection with existing pavements 19 18
Measurements and computations 20 21
Incidental and extra work 20 23–24
Guaranty 21 25
Preparing the sub-grade 22 26
=Foundations=
Concrete foundations—Portland cement 24 28–29
Sand 26 30
Stone 26 31
Care of materials 27 33
Ratios 27 34
Mixing Concrete 28 35
Placing concrete 29 36
Setting of concrete 29 37
Foundation of old paving stone 30 39
Foundation of broken stone 31 40–41
=Sheet asphalt pavement=
General note 33
Crude and refined asphalts 36 43–46
Tempering agent 38 47
Sand 38 48
Pulverized stone 39 49
Asphaltic paving cement 39 50
Composition, surface mixture 40 51
Base course 42 52–54
Laying asphalt pavement 42 55–58
Plant 45 59
=Asphalt block pavement=
Sub-grade and foundation 46 60–61
Asphalt block 46 62
Composition and quality 46 63–64
Laying blocks 48 66
=Granite block pavement=
Granite blocks 50 71
Sand cushion 51 72
Setting blocks 51 73–74
Filling joints 52 75
Bridge and crossing stone 55 79
=Brick pavement=
Sub-grade and foundation 56 80–81
Paving brick 56 82–84
Delivering brick 58 85
Sand cushion 58 86
Setting the brick 59 87–89
Filling the joints 60 90
=Wood-block pavement=
Sub-grade and foundation 62 92–93
Wood-blocks 63 94
Creosote oil 65 95
Preservative treatment 65 96
Laying wood-blocks 66 97
Filling joints 68 98
Inspection 68 99
Expansion joints 68 101
=Bituminous concrete pavement=
General note 69
Sub-grade and foundation 70 103–109
Bituminous concrete 71 110
Mixing and laying 73 111–112
=Hydraulic concrete pavement=
Sub-grade and foundation 73 113
Bottom course 74 115
Top, or surface, course 74 116–120
Expansion joints 76 121
Bituminous surface 77 122
=Experimental or Untried Pavements= 78 123–126
=Concrete Curb and Gutter=
General 80 127
Excavation and drainage 81 128–129
Concrete 81 130
Weather 82 132
Expansion joints 82 133
Circular corners 83 134
Steel protection 83 135
Finishing, forms, etc. 83 136–138
Payment for 84 139
=Concrete Sidewalks=
General note 84
General dimensions 84 140
Grading 85 141
Drainage 85 142–143
Bottom course 86 144
Surface course 86 145
Expansion joints 87 147
Weather 88 149
Regrading 88 150
Repairing defects 88 151
Measurement and payment 88 152