A week had passed away. The two canoes keeping in company, we no longer
felt the solitude which had oppressed us as we navigated that vast
stream, or the intricate labyrinth of channels, often far away from the
main shore. Several times we had inquired of Antonio whether we were
approaching the farm of Senhor Pimento, where our family were living.
"Paciencia; logo, logo," was his answer--"Patience; soon, soon we shall
be there." We turned off from the main stream, and ascended an igarape
thickly shrouded by palms and other trees, completely shutting out the
sky above us. At the end of the vista the bright sunlight shone on an
open space, where appeared a small lake, on the opposite side of which
we could distinguish several buildings raised on piles--a large one in
the centre with a deep verandah, the palm-thatched roof of which
extended beyond the walls; the whole surrounded by plantations of
mandioca, cacao, peach-palms, and other trees.
"Is that where we are going?" asked Ellen eagerly of Antonio. "We shall
see--we shall see, senorita!" he answered. Rounding a point, we
observed a hut beneath a grove of inaja palms; their leaves springing
almost from the ground, and spreading slightly out from the slender
stem, so as to form an open vase of the most graceful shape. Few
objects of the vegetable kingdom are more beautiful. "Oh, what lovely
trees!" exclaimed Ellen. "And see! there is some one coming out from
among them."
As she spoke, a person emerged from the wood, engaged apparently in
reading. As his back was towards us, he did not observe the approach of
the canoes. "Oh, it is papa!" exclaimed Ellen; "I am sure of it." And
in another instant we were on shore, and Ellen flying over the ground.
It was indeed a happiness to see her in our father's arms. "And my boys
too, safe after all your dangers!" he exclaimed, as he embraced us.
"And your young friend too!"
Maria and Domingos came running up to kiss his hand, pleasure beaming in
their dark countenances. We hurried forward to the house, and in a few
minutes had the happiness of seeing our mother and Fanny. Even Aunt
Martha, I thought, looked far more kindly than she used to do, and was
as gentle and affectionate to Ellen as she could be. It was indeed a
happy meeting.
We, of course, had to recount all our adventures; and thus most of the
talking was on our side, as Antonio had already told us all that had
happened to them. Our Brazilian friend, Senhor Pimento, was a fine
burly old gentleman, habited in light nankeen jacket and trousers, with
a broad-brimmed hat. He was of a somewhat dark hue, and his wife, who
was a slight, active old lady, was considerably darker. Their family
consisted of a son, who was away hunting at the time, and two daughters.
I cannot call them fair, but they were attractive, lively girls, who
had lived in that remote district all their lives, and knew nothing of
the world beyond, believing Para, next to Rio, to be its largest city.
Fanny and her Portuguese friends were much pleased with Oria and Duppo,
and delighted when they found that they could speak a little English, a
language the two latter were trying to learn. The house was of
considerable size, built of palm-trees, thatched with palm-leaves; and
even the doors and windows were composed of palm-leaves, not opening on
hinges, but being hooked up or taken down like mats. There were open
galleries round on either side, and several of the rooms were open also;
and in these the hammocks of the men of the party were hung up. The
floors were also of split palm-trees, and were raised about ten feet
above the ground, so as to be at a sufficient elevation during the
higher floods which occasionally inundate the larger portion of that
region. None of the inmates of the house were idle. Senhor Pimento was
constantly out, superintending his labourers; while Donna Josefa, his
wife, was engaged in household matters. The young ladies, it must be
owned, were the least industrious of the family.
Arthur had said nothing of the packet he had received from the recluse,
yet I was sure that he would not lose a moment in opening it after the
time had arrived when he had permission to do so. Ellen came running to
me the following morning, I having gone out before breakfast to look
round the farm. I saw by her beaming countenance that she was full of
some matter of importance.
"It is as I told you, Harry!" she exclaimed. "The recluse is Arthur's
father--I knew it--I was sure of it. Arthur read to me last night some
of the letter he gave him. Poor fellow, he is in a great state of
agitation, and blames himself for having come away and left him. The
recluse--that is to say, Mr Mallet--speaks somewhat vaguely of a
fearful event which compelled him to leave England; and he says that,
though yearning to have his son by his side, he will not take him out of
the path which Providence has placed him in, and from the protection of
kind friends--that he himself, long an outcast from his fellow-men,
cannot help him, and that by starting alone in life he will have a far
better prospect of success than should it be known whose son he is.
These remarks, though Arthur is thankful to have found his father, have
made him very unhappy. He will talk to you by-and-by, when he has
thought the matter over; and do you know, the recluse--I mean, Mr
Mallet--says that papa is an old friend of his, and that Arthur may tell
him so, as he is sure that though papa may not desire to meet him, he
will not in consequence withdraw his protection from his son."
"That I am sure papa will not," I exclaimed. "Poor Arthur! I do not
know whether to be sorry or glad at what you have told me. Had he
spoken to me I might have been better able to advise him."
Ellen looked into my face. Perhaps she thought that I felt a little
jealous that Arthur had not first consulted me. We agreed not to say
anything about the matter, but to let Arthur speak to our father
himself, being assured that he would do what was kind and generous, and
act as he judged for the best.
Arthur during the day was, I observed, more silent than usual. He was
waiting, I suspected, to become more acquainted with our father before
venturing to speak to him. I was not present when he did so.
The day after our arrival Duppo came to me with a countenance of alarm.
"We get among witches!" he exclaimed, looking round cautiously. I asked
him what he could mean; and he then told me that he had seen the two
young ladies in a wood close to the house, amusing themselves by playing
with venomous snakes, which he was sure they could not do if they were
like other human beings. "Come, you see them," he said, wishing to
prove his assertion correct; and he led me round the house, through the
grove of palms, where, sure enough, seated on a bench, from whence there
was a lovely view of the lake, were the two daughters of our host. I
confess I was almost startled on seeing them with a number of brilliant
looking snakes. One was round each of their necks, while others they
had twisted like bracelets, encircling their arms; and one of the girls
was holding another in her hand, allowing its forked tongue to dart out
towards her face. They were of a bright grass-green colour, with
remarkably thin bodies; and it was curious to see the graceful way in
which the lithe, active creatures crawled about, or lay coiled up
perfectly at home in their laps. Unwilling to be an eavesdropper, I was
retiring, when I met Fanny and Ellen, and told them what I had seen, and
Duppo's suspicions. Fanny laughed, saying they were perfectly harmless,
and had been tamed by their friends, and returned with me to where the
girls were seated. Duppo, however, beat a retreat, evidently unwilling
to be in such a dangerous neighbourhood. They were highly amused at
hearing of Duppo's alarm, and showed me that the snakes were perfectly
harmless. I took one in my hand, when the creature coiled itself round
my arm, and I could admire at leisure its colour, and the beautiful
topaz yellow of its eyes. The snakes were between two and three feet
long. They were so thoroughly tamed, that though placed on the ground
they did not attempt to escape, but came back immediately they were
called by their young mistresses. So slender were their bodies, that
when coiled completely up I could place one on the palm of my hand.
Though I told Duppo afterwards that I had actually handled the snakes,
he was not convinced of their harmless character, and insisted that it
was another proof that they had been charmed by the white witches, which
he still evidently considered our Brazilian friends. Oria, however, was
far braver; for when she saw Fanny and Ellen play with the creatures,
she without hesitation took one of them up, and allowed it to coil
itself round her neck, where it made a pretty ornament on her dark skin.
Pedro, the son of our host, returned the next day with a boat-load of
turtle and fish which he had caught; as well as a number of birds, some
of them of exquisite plumage. John, Arthur, and I begged to accompany
him the next time he set out on a similar expedition; and we found that
he proposed starting again the following day. Meantime Senhora Josefa,
with the assistance of her slaves, was employed in salting and drying
the fish and fowl she had just received.
We started in the morning with two canoes, equipped with nets, spears,
and lines, bows and arrows, and blow-pipes as well as guns.
The lower portion of the banks of the Amazon were at this time covered
with water on either side, varying in height from one to ten feet, and
in some places reaching twenty. This district, known as the Gapo,
extends from the Napo upwards of seventeen hundred miles, to the very
borders of Peru. It thus becomes a region of countless islands,
separated by expanses of water--but not open water, as forest trees
appear growing out of it in all directions; while in other parts there
are numbers of lakes of all sizes--some many miles in extent, others
mere pools, dry in summer, but all abounding in fish of various sorts,
in turtles and alligators. We could often, in consequence of the
flooded state of the country, make short cuts in our canoe directly
through the forest, in some places with a depth of five to ten feet
below our keels.
As we were paddling on through a scene such as I have described, we
passed near a raft secured to the trunks of four trees, on which was an
Indian family, with a small fire burning on it. The mother was cooking
fish, while the father lay in his hammock suspended between the trees.
A small, crazy looking canoe was moored to it. The family appeared
perfectly contented and unconcerned, and accustomed to the curious mode
of life. Pedro told us they were Muras Indians. During the dry season
they live on the sand-banks, employed in catching turtle in the large
river; and when the rainy season sets in they retire to these solitudes,
whence they sally forth in their canoes to catch manatees and turtle,
and fish of many sorts. We were proceeding away from the main stream by
a broad water-path, with numberless narrower paths leading off in all
directions. During the first part of our voyage we could see for a
considerable distance through the irregular colonnade of trees; but as
we progressed the path became narrower, and the trees grew closer
together, their boughs frequently stretching forth over our heads. From
many of them beautiful bright yellow flowers hung down, the stems
several feet in length, while ferns and numerous air-plants thickly
covered the trunks of the palms or drooped over from their summits. Now
and then we passed through a thicket of bamboos, their slender foliage
and gracefully-curving stems having arranged themselves in the most
elegant feathery bowers. Crossing through the forest, we passed a grove
of small palms, their summits being but a few feet above us. They bore
bunches of fruit, which our Indians cut off with their knives. We found
it of an agreeable flavour. The birds feeding overhead now and then
sent down showers of fruit, which splashed into the water round us.
Frequently we heard a rustling in the leaves, and caught sight in many
places of troops of monkeys peeping down from among the dense foliage.
Then off they would go, leaping from bough to bough through the forest.
Here a flock of paroquets appeared in sight for a few moments. Now one
of the light-blue chatterers, then a lovely trogon, would seize a fruit
as it darted by; or the delicate white wing and claret-coloured plumage
of a lovely pompadour would glance from the foliage; or a huge-billed
toucan would pitch down on a bough above us, and shake off a fruit into
the water. Gay flowers, too, were not wanting, of the orchid tribe:
some with white and spotted and purple blossoms; the most magnificent of
a brilliant purple colour, called by the natives Saint Ann's flower,
four inches across. We plucked some, which emitted a most delightful
odour. At last we came out once more into the bright sunshine, at a
small lake, the surface of which was adorned in many parts with
numberless beautiful water-plants--graceful lilies, yellow
bladder-worts, and numbers of a bright blue flower, which contrasted
with the green leaves. The whole track, indeed, consisted, we found, of
igarapes, lakes, and gapo; here and there patches of high and dry land
so mingled together that we could not have told whether we were on the
main shore or on an island.
At length we reached another lake with higher banks, where Pedro told us
we would encamp and commence fishing. The little lake extended over an
area of about ten acres, and was surrounded by the forest. The borders
were somewhat swampy, and covered with a fine grass. On these borders
the hunters erected little stages, consisting of long poles, with
cross-pieces secured by lianas. The pool abounded with turtle. Our
hunters mounted the stages, armed with bow and arrow. The arrow was so
formed that the head when it struck the animal remained in its body,
while the shaft floated to the surface, though remaining attached to it
by a long line. We remained in a larger canoe to watch proceedings,
while Pedro and two Indians entered a smaller one. The Indians did not
even wait for the turtles to come to the surface; but the moment they
saw a ripple in the water, the man nearest shot his arrow with unerring
aim, and it never failed to pierce the shell. As soon as one was shot,
Pedro paddled towards it, and, taking the shaft and line in his hand,
humoured the creature as a fisherman does a salmon, till, exhausted, it
rose to the surface, when it was further secured by another arrow shot
at it, and then with the two lines easily hauled into the canoe. John
and I tried our skill; but our arrows missed their aim, and I very
nearly shot our friend Pedro instead of the turtle.
Another small canoe had been sent for, which now arrived. So rapidly
were the turtle shot that both canoes were actively engaged in picking
them up. Fully forty were thus killed in a short time. The net was
then spread at one end of the pool, while the rest of the party began
beating the water from the opposite side with long poles, some along the
edges and others in the canoes. We could see the backs of the turtles
as they swam forward. When they got close to the net the two ends were
rapidly drawn together, surrounding a large number of them; and then all
hands uniting at the ropes, quickly dragged it towards the shore. As
they appeared above the water, the men seized them, and threw them into
the canoes, which came up to the spot. Many, however, managed to
scramble out again before they were turned on their backs. Arthur and I
rushed in with the rest to assist in their capture, when suddenly I felt
an extraordinary sensation in my foot.
"Oh, I have been bitten by a water-snake!" I exclaimed, leaping up.
"And so have I!" cried Arthur. And we rushed on shore, both of us
looking anxiously down at our legs. No wounds, however, were to be
seen.
When the net was finally drawn on shore, after a vast number of small
turtle had been taken out of it, several curious fish were seen, and
among them five or six eel-looking creatures, with large heads. The
Indians cried out something; but not understanding them, I took up one
of the creatures to examine it, when instantly I felt the sensation I
had experienced in the water, and now discovered that they were electric
eels. To prove it yet further, I took out my knife, and Pedro, Arthur,
and I, with several Indians, joined hands, when instantly the rest,
greatly to their astonishment, felt the shock as if they had touched the
fish itself. We persuaded the other Indians to try the experiment; and
they were greatly amused and astonished at finding the electric spark
pass through their systems.
Altogether we caught upwards of a hundred turtle. We then moved on to
another lake with a sandy shore, where the net was again drawn for the
sake of obtaining fish. I had never seen so many and various fish taken
together. It would be impossible to describe them. Among them was a
beautiful oval-shaped fish, which the natives call _acara_. There are
numerous species, we heard: some of them deposit their eggs in the sand,
and hover over them until the young are hatched; but there are others
which take still greater care of them, and have a cavity near the gills,
in which the male takes up the eggs and carries them there, not only
till they are hatched, but actually keeps the young fry in safety within
them. When able to swim they go out and take exercise; but on the
approach of danger they rush back into their parents' mouths for
protection. This cavity is in the upper part of the bronchial arches.
I should scarcely have believed the fact from the report of the natives,
had I not actually seen both the eggs and the young fry in their
parents' head. There are several species of fish in the waters of the
Amazon which are thus wonderfully supplied with the means of protecting
their young.
"You shall now see another way we have of taking fish," said our friend
Pedro.
We paddled off to a still part of the lake. He then poured out of a
calabash some coloured liquid.
"And now let us land," he said, "and while we take our dinner, watch the
result."
The liquid, he told us, was produced from a poisonous liana called
_tambo_. This is cut up into lengths, washed, and soaked in water,
which becomes thus impregnated with the juice.
Before dinner was over, as we looked out on the pool we saw the surface
covered with fish floating on their sides, with their gills wide open.
The canoe then pushed off, and collected them in great numbers. The
poison appeared to have suffocated the fish, although only a small
quantity had been poured into the water.
We were as successful in shooting birds, monkeys, and other game, as we
were in fishing. One of the Indians used his bow in a curious way,
which we had not before seen employed. Throwing himself on his back, he
placed his feet lifted up above his body against the bow, and drew the
string to his head with both his hands. It was surprising what a
correct aim he could thus take. He quickly brought down several birds
on the wing at a great height. He showed us also that he could shoot up
in the air, and make the arrow fall wherever he pleased. Several times
it descended within a few inches of his own head or feet, where it stuck
quivering in the ground. We dreaded that it might stick into him; but
he laughed at our fears, assuring us that there was not the slightest
danger, as he had practised the art from his boyhood, and could perform
still more difficult feats. Darkness coming on prevented him from
exhibiting them. We spent the night on the driest spot we could find on
the banks of the lake. Blazing fires were lighted to keep jaguars,
pumas, and boas at a distance.
Next morning, loaded with the spoils of the chase, we commenced our
voyage homewards. We were passing a dry, thickly-wooded island, when we
caught sight of a number of people among the trees, while fires were
burning in the centre of several open spots. We asked Pedro what they
were about.
"They are my father's labourers," he said. "You shall come on shore,
and we will see how they are employed."
We found a number of Indians and a few blacks busily engaged in various
ways; some in making gashes in the stems of trees, under each of which
they placed a little clay cup or a shell, into which trickled the sap
issuing from the wound. This sap we found was of the consistency of
cream. And now we saw for the first time the india-rubber with which we
had only before been acquainted when using it to rub out our pencil
strokes when drawing at school. The trees which were thus treated had a
bark and foliage not unlike that of the European ash; but the trunks
were of great size, and shot up to an immense height before throwing off
their branches. People with large bowls were going about from tree to
tree, and emptying the contents of the little cups into them. From
thence they were carried to their camp. Here we found large bowls full
of the cream-like sap. The labourers were provided with a number of
clay moulds of various shapes, though most of them were in the form of
round bottles. These moulds were dipped into the liquid, and then hung
up to dry. As soon as one layer was dry the mould was again dipped in,
and thus coat after coat was put on. Pedro told us it took several days
before the coating was considered sufficiently thick. It was then hard
and white. This operation being finished, it was passed several times
through a thick, black smoke which issued from fires. We found that
this smoke was produced by burning the nuts of the inaja and other
palm-trees, by which means the dark colour and softness are obtained.
The process is now complete; and the moulds being broken, the clay is
emptied out, and the rubber is fit for sale.
The Brazilian india-rubber tree--the _Siphonia elastico_
(_caoutchouc_)--differs from the _ficus_ which furnishes the
india-rubber of Africa and the East Indies. It bears a small flower and
circular fruit, with strongly-marked divisions in the rind.
Having left some of our game for provisioning the camp of the
india-rubber collectors, we made the best of our way homewards. Evening
was coming on. We were still at some distance from home. The sky had
become overcast, and rain had begun to fall. It seemed impossible that
we should find our way through the forest in the darkness. We entered
at length a channel, the land on one side of which was elevated some
feet above the water. As we were paddling along it, Pedro proposed that
we should land and camp. Just then we caught sight of a fire burning in
a shed at some distance from the bank.
"We may there find shelter," said Pedro, "without having the trouble of
building huts, which, after all, would not keep out the rain."
We three accompanied him towards the fire. We found two Indians
standing near it, both busily employed in concocting some mixture in a
large pot simmering over the flames. They were evidently, by the manner
in which they received us, displeased at our coming. Pedro, however,
told them that we proposed spending the night at their hut; and sent to
the canoe for some game, which put them in better humour. He inquired
what they were about.
"I see what it is. They are making the wourali poison for tipping the
arrows for their bows and blow-pipes. See! we will make them show us
the process."
After a little talk with the Indians, they consented to do as he wished.
First they showed us some long sticks of a thin vine--the wourali
itself. This, with the root of a plant of a very bitter nature, they
scraped together into thin shavings. They were then placed in a sieve,
and water poured over them into an earthen pot, the liquid coming
through having the appearance of coffee. Into this the juice of some
bulbous plants of a glutinous nature was squeezed, apparently to serve
the purpose of glue. While the pot was simmering, other ingredients
were added. Among them were some black, venomous ants, and also a
little red ant, which stings severely. They seemed to set great value
also on the fangs of two snakes, which, when pounded, were added with
much ceremony. One, Pedro told us, was the venomous _labarri_; and
another, the largest among the venomous reptiles in America, known as
the _curucu_, or bushmaster (_Lachesis mutus_). The Indians, however,
call it the _couana couchi_. It is of the most beautiful colour. Its
body is brightly tinted with all the prismatic colours; and sometimes it
is to be seen coiled round the branches of a tree, ready to strike its
prey. It is allied, I should say, to the fearful _fer de lance_, which
strikes its prey with so rapid and straight a stroke that it is
impossible to escape it. A quantity of the strongest Indian red pepper
was lastly added; and as the ingredients boiled, more of the juice of
the wourali was poured in as was required. The scum having been taken
off, the compound remained on the fire till it assumed the appearance of
a thick syrup of a deep brown colour. Whether all these ingredients are
necessary, I cannot say. Others also, I believe, are occasionally used.
I should have observed that we, as well as the other Indians, were
desired to keep at a respectful distance during the operation, as it is
considered that even the vapour ascending from the pot is injurious to
health. Having been pronounced perfectly made, the syrup was poured
into a number of little pots, and carefully covered over with skin and
leaves. We observed that the two Indians who manufactured it washed
their hands and faces frequently. Pedro purchased several pots which
had thus been manufactured, as the poison is an article of commerce
throughout the country.
The Indians' hut was at some distance from the shed. After supper we
hung up our hammocks, and after turning into them, went to sleep.
Little did we think of the fearful danger we ran that night.