_Savi Pis._--Savi (Gajetanus). Flora Pisana. 2 vols. 8vo. _Pisæ_,
1798.
_Savig._--Savigny. A French botanist.
_Sc. B. J._--Schrader (H. A.). Journal für die Botanik. 10 fasc.
8vo. _Göttingæ_, 1799-1803.
_Sc. Dansk._--Schrader (H. A.). Det Kongelige Danske Landhuus
holdings-selkabs Schrifter. 4 vols. 8vo. _Kiobbenhavn_, 1776-1794.
_Sc. Gen. Nov._--Schrader (H. A.). Nova Plantarum Genera. 1 fasc.
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_Sc. Ger._--Schrader (H. A.). Flora Germanica. 8vo. _Göttingæ_,
1806.
_Sc. Hal._--Schrader (H. A.). De Halophytis Pallasii. 4to.
_Götting._ 1810.
_Sc. Han._--Schrader (H. A.). Sertum Hanoverianum. fol.
_Götting._ 1795, 1796.
_Sc. Phil._--Schrader (H. A.). Dissertation on the Genus
Philadelphus. Not published.
_Sc. Sam._--Schrader (H. A.). Systematische Sammlung
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_Sc. V._--Schrader (H. A.). Commentatio de Veronicis spicatis.
8vo. _Gottingæ_, 1803.
_Sc. Verb._--Schrader (H. A.). Monographia Generis Verbasci. 4to.
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_Sch. Ag._--Scheuchzer (Johan.). Agrostographia, sive Graminum,
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1775.
_Sch. Bs._--Schwencke (Mart. W.). Beschryving der Gewassen.
_Gravhage_, 1766.
_Sch. Ce._--Schreber (John Christ.). Beschreibung der Græsser.
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_Schæff._--Schæffer. A German writer upon Fungi.
_Schæff. F._--Schæffer (Jac. Christ.). Fungorum Bavariæ et
Palatinatus Icones. 4 vols. 4to. _Ratisbonæ_, 1702-1770.
_Schk._--Schkuhr. A German writer upon Grasses and Ferns.
_Schk. Ca._--Schkuhr (Christ.). Histoire des Carex ou Laiches.
8vo. _Leipsic_, 1802.
_Schk. Cryp._--Schkuhr (Christ.). Vier und zwanzigste Klasse des
Linné’schen Pflanzensystems. 4to. _Wittenberg_, 1809.
_Schk. Fil._--Schkuhr (Christ). Abbildungen des Farrnkrautes.
_Schk. Han._--Schkuhr (Christ.). Botanisches Handbuch. 3 vols.
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_Schk. Us._--Schkuhr (Christ.) in Usteri’s (Paul) Annalen der
Botanik. 6 vols. _Zurich_, from 1791 to 1793.
_Schl._--Schleicher. A Swiss plant collector.
_Schl. Ran._--Schlechtendahl (A.). Animadversiones in Ranunculeas
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_Schlec._--Schlechtendahl. A German botanist.
_Schm. Ar._--Schmidt (Franz). Œsterreichs allgemeine Baumzucht. 2
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_Schm. Ic._--Schmiedel (Cas. Christ.). Icones Plantarum. fol.
_Norimb._ 1762.
_Schmidt._--Schmidt. A Bohemian botanist.
_Schn. Ic._--Schneevooght (G. Voorhelm). Icones Plantarum
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_Schott._--Schott. A traveller in Brazil.
_Schou. M._--Schousboe (P. K. A.). Iagttagelser over væxtriget i
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_Schous._--Schousboe. A writer upon the Flora of Morocco.
_Sch. Mo._--Schranck (Fr. von Paula). Plantæ rariores Horti
Monacensis. fol. _Munich_, 1817-1819.
_Schr._--Schrader. A German botanist.
_Schrank._--Schrank. A Bavarian botanist.
_Schreb._--Schreber. A German botanist.
_Schreb. Dec._--Von Schreber (Joh. Christ. Dan.). Icones
Plantarum minus cognitarum. Decas I. fol. _Halæ_, 1766.
_Schreb. Gr._--Von Schreber (Joh. Christ. Dan.). Beschreibung der
Græser. 2 vols. fol. _Lips._ 1769-1779.
_Schu._--Schubler. A professor at Tubingen.
_Schult._--Schultes. A Bavarian botanist.
_Schulz._--Schultz. A German botanist.
_Schum._--Schumacher. A Danish botanist.
_Schw._--Schweigger. A German botanist, author of Flora
Erlangensis.
_Schwæ._--Schwægrichen. A German cryptogamic botanist.
_Schwæg. Sup._--Schwægrichen (Frid.). Species Muscorum Hedwig
Supplementum. 4to. _Lips._ 1811.
_Schwein._--An American botanist.
_Sco._--Scopoli. An Italian botanist.
_Scop. Car._--Scopoli (Joh. Ant.). Flora Carniolica. 8vo.
_Viennæ_, 1760.
_Scop. D._--Scopoli (Joh. Ant.). Deliciæ Floræ Insubricæ. 3 vols.
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_Seb._--Sebastiani. An Italian botanist.
_Seba._--Seba (Alb.). Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri
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_Seba. Rom._--Sebastiani (Ant.). Romanarum Plantarum, &c. 2 vols.
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_Seg. Ver._--Seguier (Joh. Franc.). Plantæ Veronenses. 3 vols.
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_Ser. Hel._--Seringe (N. C.). Musée Helvétique d’Histoire
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_Sessé._--Sessé. A Mexican botanist.
_Shaw Bar._--Shaw (Thomas). Travels in Barbary and the Levant.
fol. 1738. Supplement, 1746.
_Sib._--Sibthorp. An English botanist, and traveller in Greece.
_Sieb._--Sieber. A botanical collector.
_Sims._--Sims. An English garden botanist.
_Sin._--Sinclair. Nurseryman at New Cross.
_Sl. Jam._--Sloane (Hans). A Voyage to Madeira, Barbadoes, Nevis,
St. Christopher’s, and Jamaica. 2 vols. fol. _London_, 1707.
_Sm._--Sir J. E. Smith. An English botanist, and purchaser of the
Linnæan herbarium.
_Sm. Ex. Bot._--Smith (J. Edward). Exotic Botany. 1804-1808.
_Sm. Ic. In._--Smith (J. Edward). Plantarum Icones hactenus
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_Sm. Tr._--Tracts relating to Natural History. 8vo. 1798.
_Soc. Mos._--See _Mém. Mosc._
_Sol._--Solander. A Swedish botanist, and companion of Sir Joseph
Banks in Cook’s voyage round the world.
_Sol. Min._--Sole (William). Menthæ Britannicæ. fol. _Bath_, 1798.
_Sole._--Sole. A writer on Mints.
_Son._--Sonnerat. A French botanist and traveller.
_Son. It._--Sonnerat (P.). Voyage à la Nouvelle Guinée. 4to.
_Paris_, 1776.
_Sow._--Sowerby. An English botanical draughtsman.
_Sow. F._--Sowerby (James). Coloured figures of English Fungi.
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_Spar._--Sparmann. A Swedish travelling botanist.
_Spar. H._--Sparmann (Andr.). Kongl. Svenska Vetenscaps
Academiens Handlingar. 8vo. _Stockholm_, from 1739 to 1816.
_Spin._--De Spin. A botanist of Turin.
_Spr._--Sprengel. A German botanist.
_Spr. B. M._--Sprengel (Curt.), in Berlinisches Magazin.
_Spr. Cryp._--Sprengel (Curt.). Introduction to the Study of
Cryptogamous Plants, translated from the German.
_Spr. End._--Sprengel (Curt.). Neue Entdeckungen im ganzen Umfang
der Pflanzenkunde. 8vo. _Lipsiæ_, 1820.
_Spr. Hal._--Sprengel (Curt.). Floræ Halensis Tentamen novum.
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_Spr. Um._--Sprengel (Curt.). Plantarum Umbelliferarum Prodromus.
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_Stack._--Stackhouse. An English botanist.
_Stack. Fuci._--Stackhouse (John). Nereis Britannica. fol.
_Bath_, 1795-1797.
_Stech._--Stechmann. A writer on Artemisia.
_Step._--Stephan. A Russian botanist.
_Ster._--Sternberg. A noble German botanist.
_Ster. Sax._--Sternberg (Graf Casp.). Revisio Saxifragarum
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_Steu._--Steudel. A German botanist.
_Stev._--Steven. A Russian botanist.
_Stœr. Stra._--Stœrck (Ant.). Libellus de Stramonio, Hyosciamo,
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_Stur. Deu._ }--Sturm (Jacob). Deutschland’s Flora. 4to. Many volumes.
_Stur. Ger._ } _Nuremberg_, 1798-1829.
_Sturm._--Sturm. A German botanical draughtsman.
_Suter._--Suter. A Swiss botanist.
_Sw. Au. Ic. In._--Sweet (R.). Flora Australasia. 8vo. _London_,
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_Sw. Cis._--Sweet (R.). Cistineæ. The Natural Order of Cistus, or
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_Swert._--Swertius. An old writer on plants.
_Swert. Fl._--Swertius (Eman.). Florilegium tractans de variis
Floribus. fol. 1612.
_Sw. Fl. Gar._--Sweet (R.). The British Flower Garden. 8vo.
_London_, published in monthly numbers.
_Sw. Fl. Gar. Ic. In._--Sweet (R.). British Flower Garden. 1823
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_Sw. Ger._--Sweet (R.). Geraniaceæ. 8vo. Published in monthly
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_Swt._--Sweet. An English botanist.
_Swz._--Swartz. A Swedish botanist, and traveller in the West
Indies.
_Swz. B. M._--Swartz (Olof), in Berlinisches Magazin.
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_Erlangæ_, 1791.
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_Symes._--Symes. A writer on English plants.
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_Th. Act. Haf._--Thunberg (Car. Petr.), in Acta Literaria
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_Thib._--Thibaud de Chanvalon. A French botanist.
_Thomas._--Thomas. A Swiss collector of plants.
_Thore._--Thore. A French botanist.
_Thore, J._--Thore (Jean). Observations in Journal de Botanique.
_Thory._--Thory. A French botanist.
_Thou._--Du Petit Thouars. A French botanist, and traveller in
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_Thou. Af._--Du Petit Thouars (Aubert). Histoire des Végétaux
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_Thouin._--Thouin. A French botanist.
_Thuil._--Thuillier. A French botanist.
_Thun._--Thunberg. A Swedish botanical traveller.
_Thun. Dra._--Thunberg (Car. Petr.). Diss. Dracæna. 2 vols. 4to.
_Upsal_, 1780.
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_Timm._--Timm. A German botanist.
_Tineo._--Tineo. A professor at Palermo.
_To. It._--Tournefort (Pitton de). Relation d’un Voyage au
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_Torrey._--Torrey. An American botanist.
_Tou._--Tournefort. An old French botanist, and traveller in
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_Trent._--Trentepohl. A German botanist.
_Trev._--Treviranus. A German botanist.
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_Turp._--Turp. A French botanist and draughtsman.
_Turra._--Turra. An Italian botanist.
_Tus._--Tussac. A French writer on the Flora of the Antilles.
_Uc._--Ucria. A botanist of Palermo.
_Urv._--D’Urville. A captain in the French navy.
_Us. An._--Usteri (Paul). Neue Annalen der Botanik. 8vo. 1794.
_Vahl Ec._--Vahl (Martinus). Eclogæ Americanæ. fol. 1796.
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_Vail. It._--Vaillant (Sebastien). Botanicon Parisiense. fol.
_Leid._ 1727.
_Vail. Pa._--Vaillant (Sebastien). Botanicon Parisiense, Operis
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_Van._--Vandelli. A Portuguese botanist.
_Vau. Con._--Vaucher (Jean Pierre). Histoire des Conferves d’Eau
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_Ven._--Ventenat. A French botanist.
_Ven. Cels._--Ventenat (Etienne Pierre). Description des Plantes
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_Ven. Mal._--Ventenat (Etienne Pierre). Jardin de la Malmaison.
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_Ven. Til._--Ventenat (Etienne Pierre). Monographie du Genre
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_Vest._--Vest. A Styrian botanist.
_Vib. Ce._--Viborg on the Cerealia.
_Vig._--Viguier. A writer upon Poppies.
_Vig. His._--Viguier (L. G. A.). Histoire Naturelle des Pavots et
des Argemones. 4to. _Montpelier_, 1814.
_Vil._--Villars. A French botanist.
_Vil. Del._--Villars (D.). Histoire des Plantes du Dauphiné. 3
vols. 8vo. _Grenoble_, 1786-1788.
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_Vil. Stras._--Villars (D.). Catalogue méthodique du Jardin du
Strasbourg. 8vo. 1807.
_Vit._--Vitmann. A German botanist.
_Viv._--Viviani. An Italian botanist.
_Viv. An._--Viviani (Dom.). Annali di Botanica. 2 vols. 8vo.
_Genoa_, 1802, 1803.
_Viv. Fr._--Viviani (Dom.). Floræ Italicæ Fragmenta. 4to.
_Genoa_, 1808.
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1824.
_Vol. Nor._--Volckamer (Joh. Georg.). Flora Noribergensis. 4to.
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_W._--Willdenow. A German botanist.
_W. Ach._--Willdenow (Car. Lud.). Tractatus de Achilleis et
Tanaceto. 8vo. _Halæ Magd._ 1789.
_W. Ar._--Willdenow (Car. Lud.). Historia Amaranthorum. fol.
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_W. Erf._--Willdenow (Car. Lud.), in Acta Academiæ Electoralis
Moguntinæ Scientiarum utilium quæ Erfordiæ. 2 vols. 8vo. _Erford
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_W. H. B._--Willdenow (Car. Lud.). Hortus Berolinensis. fol.
_Berlin_, 1806-1810.
_W. & K._--Waldstein and Kitaibel. Authors of Flora of Hungary.
_W. & K. Hun._--Waldstein (Franc.) et Kitaibel (Paul).
Descriptiones et Icones Plantarum rariorum Hungariæ. 3 vols. fol.
_Vienn._ 1802-1812.
_W. & M._--Weber and Mohr. German botanists.
_W. N. Ber._--Willdenow (Car. Lud.), in Neuen Schriften der
Berlinischen Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. 6 vols. 8vo.
_Berlin_, 1780-1785.
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1797.
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_Wahl._--Wahlenberg. A Swedish botanist.
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Asiaticæ. 2 parts, fol. _London_, 1830.
_Wal. Res._--Wallich (Nath.). Asiatic Researches, or Transactions
of the Society instituted in Bengal. 4to. 1788.
_Wald._--Waldstein. A noble German patron of botany.
_Wallr._--Wallroth. A German botanist.
_Walt._--Walter. A writer on the Flora of Carolina.
_Walt. Ca._--Walter (Thom.). Flora Caroliniana. 8vo. _London_,
1788.
_Walt. H._--Walther (Aug. Frid.). Designatio Plantarum Horti
ejus. 8vo. _Lips._ 1735.
_Wan._--Wangenheim. A German botanist.
_Wang. Am._--Von Wangenheim (Fried. Ad. Jul.). Anpflanzung Nord
Amerikanischer Holzarten. fol. _Göttingæ_, 1787.
_Wat._--Watson. An English writer upon trees and shrubs.
_Web._--Weber. A German cryptogamist.
_Weig. Obs._--Weigel (Christ. Ehrenb.). Observationes Botanicæ.
4to. _Gryphiæ_, 1772.
_Weigel._--Weigel. A German botanist.
_Weihe._--Weighe. A German writer on Rubi.
_Wein._--Weinmann. A German gardener, superintendent of one of
the royal gardens in Russia.
_Wein. Ic._--Weinmann (J. Gul.). Phytanthoza Iconographica. 4
vols. fol. _Regemb._ 1737-1745.
_Weis._--Weis. A German botanist.
_Wen. C._--Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Collectio Plantarum tam
exoticarum quam indigenarum. 4to. _Hanoveræ_, 1805, &c.
_Wen. Er._--Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Ericarum Icones et
Descriptiones. 4to. 1798, &c.
_Wen. Han._--Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Sertum Hanoveranum. 4 fasc.
fol.
_Wen. Her._--Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Hortus Herrenhusanus. fol.
1798, &c.
_Wen. Ob._--Wendland (Joh. Christ.). Botanische Beobachtungen.
4to. _Hanover_, 1798.
_Wern. Tr._--Transactions or Memoirs of the Wernerian Society.
8vo. _Edinburgh_, 1809. Continued.
_West._--West. An English botanist.
_Wibel._--Wibel. A German botanist.
_Wig._--Wiggers. A German botanist.
_Wik._--Wikstrom. A Swedish botanist.
_With._--Withering. An English botanist.
_Wnl._--Wendland. A German garden botanist.
_Wood._--Woodville (William). Medical Botany. 3 vols. 4to. 1790.
_Woods._--Woods. An English writer on Roses.
_Woodw._--Woodward. An English botanist.
_Worm._--Wormskiold. A Norwegian botanist.
_Wre._--Wredow. A German divine and botanist.
_Wrede._--Wrede. A German botanist.
_Wul._--Wulfen. A German botanist.
_Y._--Young. A writer in the Linnean Transactions.
_Za._--Zanon (Antonio). Istoria Botanica. fol. _Bologna_, 1675.
_Zea._--Zea. A Spanish botanist.
_Zey._--Zeyer. A German gardener.
_Zo. Ic._--Zorn (Barthol.). Icones Plantarum Medicinalium. 8vo.
_Nuremb._ 1779-1784.
_Zuc._--Zuccagni. Superintendent of the botanical garden at
Florence.
BOTANY.
The following is a list of the Technical Terms most commonly employed
in Botany:--
_Abnormal_, contrary to general rules.
_Accumbent_, lying against anything, in distinction to lying
upon; as the cotyledons of some cruciferous plants.
_Acerose_, stiff and slender and sharp-pointed, as the leaves of
a pine-tree.
_Achenium_, a small, hard, one-seeded fruit, resembling a seed.
_Aciculate_, needle-shaped.
_Acinaciform_, scymitar-shaped.
_Acinus_, a bunch of succulent berries, as of grapes.
_Acrogen_, a plant which grows at its end only, without
increasing in diameter, as ferns, and all flowerless plants.
_Aculeate_, covered with prickles.
_Aculeus_, a prickle.
_Acuminate_, tapering to the point, but flat.
_Adnate_, growing to any thing by the whole length.
_Adventitious_, appearing accidentally.
_Æstivation_, the arrangement of the parts of the flower before
they expand.
_Alabastrus_, a flower-bud.
_Albumen_, a substance interposed in some seeds between the
embryo and the seed coats.
_Alburnum_, the young wood; sap-wood.
_Amentum_, a catkin; the male inflorescence of the hazel, &c.
_Amplexicaul_, clasping a stem.
_Anastomosing_, the growing together of two parts which meet from
different directions.
_-androus_, a Greek termination expressive of the male sex.
_Anfractuous_, doubled abruptly in several different directions.
_Angiocarpous_, having seeds enclosed in a pericarp.
_Annotinous_, a year old.
_Anther_, the case containing pollen.
_Apetalous_, having no petals.
_Apiculate_, abruptly pointed.
_Apocarpous_, where the carpels are distinct from each other.
_Apophysis_, the enlarged base of the theca of some mosses.
_Apothecium_, the shield, or mass of reproductive matter of a
lichen.
_Appendiculate_, having some kind of appendages.
_Arachnoid_, resembling a spider’s web.
_Areolate_, divided into little spaces.
_Aril_, a peculiar wrapper of some seeds, as the mace of the
nutmeg.
_Arista_, the beard or awn of grasses.
_Asci_, the cases in which the spores of lichens are enclosed.
_Ascidium_, a hollow leaf looking like a water vessel; as the
pitcher of Nepenthes.
_Attenuated_, gradually tapering to a point without becoming
flat.
_Auriculate_, having two lobes (like ears) at the base.
_Awn_, see _Arista_.
_Axil_, the acute angle formed by the junction of the leaf, &c.
to its axis.
_Axillary_, growing in an axil.
_Axis_, the root and stem either taken together or separately.
_Baccate_, fruit covered with soft flesh.
_Barbate_, covered with long hairs resembling a beard.
_Beard_, a tuft of long hairs.
_Biconjugate_, in two pairs, placed side by side.
_Bidentate_, having two teeth.
_Bifarious_, arranged in two rows.
_Bifid_, divided into two shallow lobes.
_Bifoliate_, having two leaflets.
_Bifurcate_, twice forked.
_Bijugous_, in two pairs, placed end to end.
_Binate_, growing in pairs.
_Bipartite_, divided into two deep lobes.
_Bipinnate_, twice pinnate.
_Biserrate_, twice serrate.
_Brachiate_, when branches stand nearly at right angles to the
stem from which they proceed.
_Bract_, the leaf or leaflet from the axil of which a flower
grows.
_Bulb_, a scaly, underground bud.
_Bulbotuber_, a short, roundish, underground stem resembling a
bulb.
_Caducous_, falling off sooner or later.
_Cæsious_, of a bluish grey colour.
_Cæspitose_, growing in tufts.
_Calcar_, a spur or horn; as in the Nasturtium.
_Calcarate_, having a spur or horn.
_Calyculate_, having a whorl of bracts on the outside of a calyx,
or of an involucre.
_Calyptra_, the hood of a moss.
_Calyx_, the external envelope of a flower.
_Cambium_, a viscid secretion formed in the spring between the
bark and wood of Exogens.
_Campanulate_, bell-shaped.
_Canaliculate_, channelled.
_Cancellate_, a leaf which has veins without connecting
parenchyma.
_Capitate_, growing in a head.
_Capitulum_, a collection of flowers in a head.
_Capsule_, any dry many-seeded fruit.
_Carinate_, having a kind of keel.
_Carnose_, fleshy.
_Carpel_, one of the parts of a compound pistil; a single leaf
rolled up into one of the integers of a pistil.
_Carunculate_, a seed having fungous excrescences growing near
its hilum.
_Caryopsis_, a dry one-seeded fruit resembling a seed, but with
no distinction between the seed coat and pericarp.
_Caudate_, prolonged into a sort of tail.
_Cauline_, of or belonging to the stem.
_Cernuous_, drooping.
_Chalaza_, a spot on a seed indicating the place where the
nucleus is united to the seminal integuments.
_Ciliated_, fringed with hairs like an eyelash.
_Cinereous_, ash-coloured.
_Circinate_, rolled inwards from the point to the base.
_Circumscissile_, dividing into two parts by a spontaneous
transverse separation.